WO2023016317A1

WO2023016317A1 - Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2023016317A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/110088
Authority: WO
Inventors: 宋建平; 孙雪峰; 王建磊
Original assignee: 深圳市道通智能航空技术股份有限公司
Priority date: 2021-08-09
Filing date: 2022-08-03
Publication date: 2023-02-16
Also published as: CN113540764A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle antennas, and provides an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle. The antenna comprises a substrate, an oscillator structure, a director, and a feed coaxial line. The oscillator structure is provided on one surface of the substrate, and the director and the feed coaxial line are provided on the other surface of the substrate. The oscillator structure comprises first oscillators having a first resonant frequency and second oscillators having a second resonant frequency; the feed coaxial line is electrically connected to the first oscillators and the second oscillators, separately; the director is provided on one side of the oscillator structure in a first direction. By adjusting the first oscillators and the layout of the first oscillators on the substrate, the optimal impedance matching of the antenna is achieved, and by improving the directivity of a first resonant frequency signal of the first oscillators by means of the director, the radiation direction of the first resonant frequency deviates towards an operation direction, and then a resonant frequency signal in the operation direction is adjusted, such that the antenna has directionality in a high frequency band, and has good omnidirectional performance in a low frequency band.

Description

Antenna and unmanned aerial vehicle

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application with application number 2021109102532 and application title "Antenna and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle" filed with the China Patent Office on August 9, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application .

【Technical field】

The invention relates to the technical field of drone antennas, in particular to an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle.

【Background technique】

An unmanned aerial vehicle is an unmanned aerial vehicle controlled by radio remote control equipment and its own program control device. As an important part of the UAV system, the wireless communication link system is used to establish an air-to-ground two-way data transmission channel to complete the long-distance remote control, telemetry and mission information transmission of the UAV from the ground control station.

The existing wireless communication link system is generally divided into an airborne part and a ground part. The on-board portion includes the Airborne Data Terminal (ADT) and the antenna. The ADT includes an RF receiver, a transmitter, and a modem for connecting the receiver and transmitter to the rest of the system. The ground segment, also known as the ground data terminal (GDT), includes one or more antennas, RF receiver and transmitter, and modem.

In the process of realizing the present invention, the inventor found that: the existing unmanned aerial vehicle usually has a built-in dual-frequency antenna in the landing gear, and the dual-frequency antenna will inevitably increase the volume in order to ensure the quality of mission information transmission, but the antenna’s The volume is too large, and it is not easy to accommodate in the landing gear, which is not conducive to the miniaturization design of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

【Content of invention】

In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna and an unmanned aerial vehicle to solve the problem that the existing antenna is too large to ensure the quality of mission information transmission.

The embodiment of the present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions:

In a first aspect, an antenna is provided, including:

Substrate;

A vibrator structure, the vibrator structure is disposed on one side of the substrate, the vibrator structure includes a first vibrator and a second vibrator, the first vibrator has a first resonant frequency, and the second vibrator has a second resonant frequency;

a director, the director is arranged on the side of the substrate away from the vibrator structure, and the director is arranged on one side of the vibrator structure along the first direction;

A feeding coaxial line is provided on a side of the substrate away from the vibrator structure, and the feeding coaxial line is electrically connected to the first vibrator and the second vibrator respectively.

Optionally, the first vibrator includes a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are disposed on opposite sides of the vibrator structure along the second direction;

The second vibrator includes a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion, the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are arranged on opposite sides of the vibrator structure along the second direction;

The first radiating part is connected to the third radiating part, and the second radiating part is connected to the fourth radiating part;

Wherein, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

Optionally, the first radiation part includes a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line, the first microstrip line is arranged along a first direction, and the second microstrip line is arranged along a second direction;

The second microstrip line extends from one end of the first microstrip line in a direction away from the second radiating portion.

Optionally, the third radiating part includes the first microstrip line, the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line;

The third microstrip line is arranged along the second direction, and the third microstrip line extends from the middle of the first microstrip line toward a direction away from the second radiation portion, and the third microstrip line Both ends are respectively connected to the first microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line.

Optionally, the fourth microstrip line includes a first line part, a second line part and a third line part connected in sequence;

One end of the first line part and one end of the second line part are respectively connected to the third microstrip line, and the other end of the first line part and the other end of the second line part are respectively in directions away from each other extend;

The third line portion extends from an end of the second line portion away from the first line portion toward a direction of the first microstrip line.

Optionally, the number of the second microstrip lines is two, and the two second microstrip lines are respectively connected to both ends of the first microstrip line;

Along the first direction, the two second microstrip lines are arranged symmetrically with respect to the third microstrip line.

Optionally, along the first direction, the director is arranged on a side of one of the second microstrip lines away from the other microstrip line, and the director is located on the third The microstrip line faces one side of the third line portion.

Optionally, the substrate is provided with a first through groove, and the first through groove is arranged between the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line.

Optionally, a first feed hole is provided on the substrate, and the first microstrip line is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the feed coaxial line through the first feed hole.

Optionally, the second radiation part includes a fifth microstrip line and a sixth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line is arranged along a first direction, and the sixth microstrip line is arranged along a second direction;

The sixth microstrip line extends from one end of the fifth microstrip line in a direction away from the first radiation portion.

Optionally, the fourth radiating part includes the fifth microstrip line, the seventh microstrip line, and the eighth microstrip line;

The seventh microstrip line is arranged along the second direction, and the seventh microstrip line extends from the middle of the fifth microstrip line toward a direction away from the first radiation portion, and the seventh microstrip line Both ends are respectively connected to the fifth microstrip line and the eighth microstrip line.

Optionally, the number of the sixth microstrip lines is two, and the two sixth microstrip lines are respectively connected to both ends of the first microstrip line;

Along the first direction, the two sixth microstrip lines are arranged symmetrically with respect to the seventh microstrip line.

Optionally, the substrate is provided with a second through groove, and the second through groove is arranged between the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line.

Optionally, a second feed hole is provided on the substrate, and the fifth microstrip line is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the feed coaxial line through the second feed hole.

Optionally, a secondary grounding point is further provided on the substrate, and the feeding coaxial line is electrically connected to the secondary grounding point.

Optionally, the first resonance frequency is 5.8GHz, and the second resonance frequency is 2.4GHz.

In a second aspect, an unmanned aerial vehicle is provided, including:

body;

a power assembly, the power assembly is installed on the body, and the power assembly is used to provide flight power for the unmanned aerial vehicle;

a control device, the control device is installed on the body, and the control device is electrically connected to the power assembly;

a landing gear, the landing gear is installed on the body, and the landing gear is used to support the body;

As the antenna described in any one of the above, the antenna is installed in the landing gear, and the antenna is electrically connected to the control device.

Compared with the prior art, the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention realizes the best impedance matching of the antenna by adjusting the layout of the first vibrator and the first vibrator on the substrate, and improves the first dipole of the first vibrator through the director. The directivity of the resonant frequency signal makes the radiation direction of the first resonant frequency shift towards the working direction, and then adjusts the resonant frequency signal in the working direction, so that the antenna has directivity in the high frequency band and good omnidirectionality in the low frequency band. While ensuring the quality of mission information transmission, it can also be accommodated in the landing gear, which meets the built-in space size requirements and is conducive to the miniaturization design of unmanned aerial vehicles.

【Description of drawings】

One or more embodiments are exemplified by the corresponding drawings, and these exemplifications are not construed as limiting the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings represent similar elements, unless otherwise specified Note that the drawings in the drawings are not limited to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an unmanned aerial vehicle provided by one of the embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of each module of the unmanned aerial vehicle shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the antenna and landing gear of the unmanned aerial vehicle shown in Fig. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the vibrator structure of the antenna shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another viewing angle of the antenna shown in FIG. 4;

Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the vibrator structure, the director and the feeding coaxial line of the antenna shown in Fig. 4;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by another embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the antenna shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 11 is a 5.8GHz antenna pattern of the antenna shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 12 is a 2.4GHz antenna pattern of the antenna shown in FIG. 4 .

【Detailed ways】

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is said to be "fixed" to another element, it may be directly on the other element, or there may be one or more intervening elements therebetween. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or one or more intervening elements may be present therebetween. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", "inner", "outer" and similar expressions are used in this specification for the purpose of description only.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of the invention. The terms used in the description of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not used to limit the present invention. The term "and/or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

The antennas provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to unmanned aerial vehicles. The unmanned aerial vehicles in the embodiments of the present invention can be applied to military and civilian scenarios. Civilian scenarios include, for example, aerial photography, express delivery, disaster relief, wildlife observation, and surveying and mapping. , News reports, power inspections and other application scenarios.

Among other things, UAVs may include fixed-wing UAVs and rotary-wing UAVs, such as helicopters, quadrotors, and aircraft with other numbers and/or configurations of rotors. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used to track targets. During the process of tracking targets, unmanned aerial vehicles may encounter obstacles. UAVs need to track targets while avoiding obstacles in order to achieve normal flight. Wherein, the target may be any suitable movable or immovable object, including vehicles, people, animals, buildings, mountains and rivers, and so on. Obstacles such as buildings, mountains, trees, forests, signal towers or other movable or immovable objects. For the convenience of description, in the embodiment of the present invention, the antenna is installed on a four-wing unmanned aerial vehicle as an example. It should be understood that the following description is only exemplary and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention.

Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 together. An unmanned aerial vehicle 100 provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes a body 10, a power assembly 20, a control device 30, and an antenna 40. The power assembly 20, the control device 30, and the antenna 40 are respectively Installed on the body 10.

The fuselage 10 includes a fuselage 11 and a fuselage 12 , and the fuselage 12 is connected to the fuselage 11 . The number of machine arms 12 is four, wherein two machine arms 12 are arranged on one side of the fuselage 11 , and the other two machine arms 12 are arranged on the other side of the fuselage 11 . One end of each arm 12 facing away from the fuselage 11 is respectively provided with a power assembly 20 , and the power assembly 20 is used to drive the fuselage 11 to fly. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the number of arms 12 can be set according to actual needs, such as one, two, six, etc., as long as it can meet the use requirements of the UAV 100 .

The power assembly 20 includes a motor 21 and a propeller 22 , and the motor 21 is connected to the arm 12 and the propeller 22 respectively. The stator of the motor 21 is fixedly connected to the end of the arm 12 away from the fuselage 11, and the propeller 22 is connected to the rotor of the motor 21. The motor 21 can drive the propeller 22 to rotate relative to the arm 12 to provide flight power for the UAV 100.

The power assembly 20 also includes a battery 23 disposed at the rear of the fuselage 11 . The body 11 is provided with a first installation space (not shown), and the battery 23 is installed in the first installation space. The battery 23 is electrically connected to the motor 21 , and the battery 23 provides electric energy for the motor 21 . Wherein, the rear part of the fuselage 11 is an end that is away from the traveling direction of the UAV 100 .

A second installation space (not shown in the figure) is also provided in the fuselage 11, and the control device 30 is installed in the second installation space. The control device 30 is electrically connected to the motor 21, the battery 23 and the antenna 40 respectively, and the control device 30 is used to control the battery 23 and the motor 21 of the power assembly 20 to provide flight power for the unmanned aerial vehicle 100, and send and receive control signals of the ground data terminal through the antenna 40 .

Further, the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 also includes a landing gear 50 , the landing gear 50 is arranged at the end of the arm 12 away from the fuselage 11 , the landing gear 50 is used to support the fuselage 10 , and the antenna 40 is installed in the landing gear 50 . It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the landing gear 50 can also be disposed on the fuselage 11 , which is not limited here.

Further, the UAV 100 also includes a pan-tilt 60 , and the pan-tilt 60 is arranged at the front of the fuselage 11 . The cloud platform 60 is electrically connected to the antenna 40, and the cloud platform 60 transmits image data to the ground data terminal through the antenna 40, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 collects image data in real time during flight. Wherein, the front part of the fuselage 11 is its end facing the traveling direction of the UAV 100 .

It should be noted that the "electrical connection" in this implementation means: the communication of electrical signals between the two structures can be realized, which can be a wired electrical connection through cables, or can be realized through Bluetooth, WiFi modules, etc. radio connection.

Please refer to FIG. 3 to FIG. 5 together. The antenna 40 includes a substrate 41 , a vibrator structure 42 , a director 43 and a feeding coaxial line 44 . The vibrator structure 42 and the director 43 are respectively disposed on two opposite surfaces of the substrate 41 , and the director 43 is disposed on one side of the vibrator structure 42 along the first direction X. The feeding coaxial line 55 is disposed on the side of the substrate 41 away from the vibrator structure 42 , and the feeding coaxial line 55 is electrically connected to the vibrator structure 42 .

The base plate 41 is accommodated in the accommodation space 51 in the undercarriage 50, and the two side walls of the accommodation space 51 are respectively provided with engaging grooves 52, and the two sides of the base plate 41 are engaged in the two engaging grooves 52 respectively, so that the base plate 41 and Landing gear 50 is fixed. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the base plate 41 may also be fixed to the undercarriage 50 by means of screwing, bonding, etc., which is not limited here. A first feed hole (not shown in the figure) and a second feed hole (shown in the figure) are opened on the substrate 41 , and the first feed hole and the second feed hole are arranged at intervals along the second direction Y. The first feeding hole is provided on the side of the second feeding hole away from the fuselage 11 , and the first feeding hole and the second feeding hole are used for inserting and fixing the feeding probe of the feeding coaxial line 44 .

In order to reduce the difference and variation of the performance of the antenna 40, the substrate 41 selects a material medium with a small dielectric constant. In this embodiment, the substrate 41 is made of FR4 material. Among them, FR4 is a code name of a flame-resistant material grade, which means a material specification that the resin material must be able to extinguish itself after burning. It is not a material name, but a material grade. Therefore, the current general substrate There are many types of FR4 grade materials used in 41, but most of them are composite materials made of so-called four-function (Tera-Function) epoxy resin plus filler (Filler) and glass fiber. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the material of the substrate 41 can also be set according to actual needs, for example, it is made of plastic, foam and other materials, and has a non-conductive structure of a specific shape.

Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 together. The oscillator structure 42 includes a first microstrip line 421 , a second microstrip line 422 , a third microstrip line 423 , a fourth microstrip line 424 , and a fifth microstrip line located on the same surface of the substrate 41 . The microstrip line 425 , the sixth microstrip line 426 , the seventh microstrip line 427 and the eighth microstrip line 428 . The first microstrip line 421 is respectively connected to the second microstrip line 422 and the third microstrip line 423 , and the third microstrip line 424 is connected to the fourth microstrip line 424 . The fifth microstrip line 425 is respectively connected to the sixth microstrip line 426 and the seventh microstrip line 427 , and the seventh microstrip line 427 is connected to the eighth microstrip line 428 . The first microstrip line 421 and the fifth microstrip line 425 are also respectively connected to the feeding coaxial line 44 .

The oscillator structure 42 includes a first oscillator 401 with a first resonance frequency and a second oscillator 402 with a second resonance frequency. The first vibrator 401 includes a first radiation portion 401a and a second radiation portion 401b, and the first radiation portion 401a and the second radiation portion 401b are disposed on opposite sides of the vibrator structure 42 along the second direction Y. The second vibrator 402 includes a third radiating portion 402 a and a fourth radiating portion 402 b, which are disposed on opposite sides of the vibrator structure 42 along the second direction Y. Wherein, the first radiation part 401a is connected to the third radiation part 402a, and the second radiation part 401b is connected to the fourth radiation part 402b.

The first radiation part 401 a includes a first microstrip line 421 and a second microstrip line 422 , and the second radiation part 401 b includes a fifth microstrip line 425 and a sixth microstrip line 426 . The third radiating part 402a includes a first microstrip line 421, a third microstrip line 423, and a fourth microstrip line 424, and the fourth radiating part 402b includes a fifth microstrip line 425, a seventh microstrip line 427, and an eighth microstrip line. Strip line 428. Wherein, the first oscillator 401 is a high-frequency oscillator, the second oscillator 402 is a low-frequency oscillator, and the first microstrip line 421 and the fifth microstrip line 425 are common microstrip lines.

The first microstrip line 421 is arranged along the first direction X, and the middle part of the first microstrip line 421 is connected to the first feeding hole.

The second microstrip line 422 is arranged along the second direction Y, and the second microstrip line 422 extends from one end of the first microstrip line 421 toward a direction away from the second radiation portion 401b. The number of the second microstrip line 422 is two, and the two second microstrip lines 422 are disposed opposite to each other along the first direction X at both ends of the first microstrip line 421 . Wherein, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the first direction X.

The third microstrip line 423 is arranged along the second direction Y, and the third microstrip line 423 extends from the middle of the first microstrip line 421 toward a direction away from the second radiation portion 201b. Along the second direction Y, the third microstrip line 423 is located on the same straight line as the first feeding hole, and the two second microstrip lines 422 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the third microstrip line 423 .

The fourth microstrip line 424 is L-shaped, and the fourth microstrip line 424 includes a first line portion 4240 , a second line portion 4242 and a third line portion 4244 connected in sequence. The fourth microstrip line 424 is connected to one end of the third microstrip line 423 away from the first microstrip line 421, the first line part 4240 and the second line part 4242 are respectively arranged along the first direction X, and one end of the first line part 4240 and One end of the second line part 4242 is respectively connected to the third microstrip line 423, and the other end of the first line part 4240 and the other end of the second line part 4242 respectively extend in directions away from each other, that is, the first line part 4240 and the second line part 4242 They are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the third microstrip line 423 . The third line portion 4244 is disposed along the second direction Y, and the third line portion 4244 extends from an end of the second line portion 4242 away from the first line portion 4240 toward the direction of the first microstrip line 421 . Wherein, the length of the first line portion 4240 is smaller than the length of the second line portion 4242 .

It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the shape of the fourth microstrip line 424 can be set according to actual needs, such as I-shape, U-shape, etc., which is not limited here. When the fourth microstrip line 424 is arranged in an I shape, the third line portion 4243 can be omitted, and only the first line portion 4240 and the second line portion 4242 can be provided.

The fifth microstrip line 425 is arranged along the first direction X, and the middle part of the fifth microstrip line 425 is connected to the second feeding hole.

The sixth microstrip line 426 is arranged along the second direction Y, and the sixth microstrip line 426 extends from one end of the fifth microstrip line 425 toward a direction away from the first radiation portion 201a. The number of the sixth microstrip line 426 is two, and the two microstrip lines 426 are oppositely arranged at two ends of the fifth microstrip line 425 along the first direction X. Wherein, along the second direction Y, one of the sixth microstrip lines 426 is on the same straight line as the second microstrip line 422, and the other sixth microstrip line 426 is on the same straight line as the other second microstrip line 422. .

The seventh microstrip line 427 is arranged along the second direction Y, and the seventh microstrip line 427 extends from the middle of the fifth microstrip line 425 toward a direction away from the first radiation portion 201a. Along the second direction Y, the seventh microstrip line 427 is located on the same straight line as the second feeding hole, and the two sixth microstrip lines 426 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the seventh microstrip line 427 .

The eighth microstrip line 428 is connected to an end of the seventh microstrip line 427 away from the fifth microstrip line 425 , and the eighth microstrip line 428 includes a fourth line portion 4280 and a fifth line portion 4282 connected thereto. The fourth line part 4280 and the fifth line part 4282 are respectively arranged along the first direction X, one end of the fourth line part 4280 and one end of the fifth line part 4282 are respectively connected to the seventh microstrip line 427, and the other end of the fourth line part 4280 One end and the other end of the fifth line portion 4282 respectively extend in directions away from each other, that is, the fourth line portion 4280 and the fifth line portion 4282 are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the seventh microstrip line 427 . Wherein, the length of the fourth line portion 4280 is smaller than the length of the fifth line portion 4282 .

In order to avoid mutual interference of signals between the first oscillator 401 and the second oscillator 402, the distance between each second microstrip line 422 and the third microstrip line 423 is greater than the signal interference distance between the two, each The distance between the sixth microstrip line 426 and the seventh microstrip line 427 is greater than the signal interference distance between them. Wherein, the distance between the second microstrip line 422 and the third microstrip line 423 is the distance between them along the first direction X, and the distance between the sixth microstrip line 426 and the seventh microstrip line 427 is both The distance along the first direction X.

In order to ensure that the first oscillator 401 has good antenna gain, the length of the oscillator unit of the second microstrip line 422 is 1/8 to 3/4 of the wavelength of the electrical signal at the first resonant frequency, and the length of the oscillator unit of the sixth microstrip line 426 is 1/8 to 3/4 of the wavelength of the electrical signal at the second resonant frequency.

In order to ensure that the second dipole 402 has a good antenna gain, the sum of the dipole unit lengths of the third microstrip line 423 and the fourth microstrip line 424 is 1/8 to 3/4 of the wavelength of the electrical signal at the second resonant frequency, and the seventh microstrip The sum of the lengths of the oscillator units of the stripline 427 and the eighth microstrip line 428 is 1/8˜3/4 of the wavelength of the electrical signal of the second resonant frequency.

Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 together, the director 43 is disposed on the side of the substrate 41 away from the vibrator structure 42 . Along the first direction X, the director 43 is arranged on the side of one of the second microstrip lines 422 away from the other microstrip line 422, and the director 43 is located on one side of the third microstrip line 423 facing the third line portion 4243. side. The director 43 is arranged along the second direction Y, and the director 43 extends from the second microstrip line 422 to the seventh microstrip line 427 . The director 43 is used to improve the directivity of the first resonant frequency signal, shift the radiation direction of the first resonant frequency toward the working direction, and then adjust the resonant frequency signal in the working direction.

In order to adjust the radiation pattern of the first resonant frequency without affecting the radiation pattern of the second resonant frequency, the size of the director 43 is limited. The specific size and length of the director 43 needs to be adjusted with reference to the length of the first vibrator 401, wherein the length of the director 43 is greater than 1/4 of the wavelength of the first resonant frequency signal, and the length of the director 43 is smaller than the second resonant frequency 1/2 of the signal wavelength. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the director 43 may also be composed of two sections of microstrip lines, and the total length of the two sections of microstrip lines is equivalent to the length of the same director.

The feeding coaxial line 44 is arranged on the side of the substrate 41 away from the vibrator structure 42. The feeding coaxial line 44 is arranged along the second direction Y. The feeding coaxial line 44 is from the first feeding hole to the second feeding hole. direction extension. The feeding coaxial line 44 includes a coaxial inner conductor (not shown), an outer conductor (not shown) and a shielding layer (not shown). The inner conductor of the feeding coaxial line 44 is connected to the first feeding hole through the feeding probe, so that the inner conductor is electrically connected to the first microstrip line 421 . The outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line 44 is connected to the second feeding hole through the feeding probe, so that the outer conductor is electrically connected to the fifth microstrip line 425 . The shielding layer of the feeding coaxial line 44 is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first vibrator 401 through the feeding probe.

Please refer to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 together. In some embodiments, the antenna 40 further includes a first connecting microstrip line 450 , and the first connecting microstrip line 450 is disposed on the side of the substrate 41 away from the vibrator structure 42 . The first connecting microstrip line 450 is electrically connected to the first microstrip line 421 through the first feeding hole, and the inner conductor of the feeding coaxial line 44 is connected to the first connecting microstrip line 450 through a feeding probe, so that the inner conductor The conductor is electrically connected to the first microstrip line 421 .

In some embodiments, the antenna 40 further includes a second connecting microstrip line 452 , and the second connecting microstrip line 452 is disposed on a side of the substrate 41 away from the oscillator structure 42 . The second connecting microstrip line 452 is electrically connected to the fifth microstrip line 425 through the second feeding hole, and the outer conductor of the feeding coaxial line 44 is connected to the second connecting microstrip line 452 through the feeding probe, so that the outer conductor The conductor is electrically connected to the fifth microstrip line 425 .

In some embodiments, the antenna is also provided with a secondary ground point to effectively improve the pattern. The secondary grounding point is set at one end of the substrate 41 facing the fuselage 11 , that is, the secondary grounding point is set at the side of the fourth radiating portion 402b away from the third radiating portion 402a. The secondary grounding point includes a first power-connected microstrip line 460 and a second power-connected microstrip line 462. The first power-connected microstrip line 460 is arranged on the side of the substrate 41 provided with the vibrator structure 42, and the second power-connected microstrip line 462 is disposed on the opposite surface of the substrate 41 . The substrate 41 is provided with a third feeding hole (not shown in the figure), the first power-connecting microstrip line 460 and the second power-connecting microstrip line 462 are electrically connected through the third feeding hole, and the feeding coaxial line 44 The feeding probe is connected to the second power-connecting microstrip line 462 so that the feeding coaxial line 44 is connected to the secondary grounding point.

Please refer to FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, two first through grooves 410 and two second through grooves 412 are provided on the substrate 41, and the two first through grooves 410 and the two second through grooves 412 penetrate through the substrate respectively. 41. Two first through-slots 410 and two second through-slots 412 are respectively arranged along the second direction Y, wherein the first through-slot 412 is arranged between one of the second microstrip line 422 and the third microstrip line 423, and the other A first through groove 412 is arranged between another second microstrip line 422 and a third microstrip line 423, and one of the second through grooves 412 is arranged between one of the sixth microstrip line 426 and the seventh microstrip line 427 In between, another second through groove 412 is disposed between another sixth microstrip line 426 and a seventh microstrip line 427 . The first through slot 410 and the second through slot 412 can increase the signal interference distance between the first oscillator 401 and the second oscillator 402 , so as to adjust the signal interference between the first oscillator 401 and the second oscillator 402 to a certain extent. It can be understood that, in some other embodiments, the number of the first through-slot and the number of the second through-slot can be set according to actual needs, such as one, three or four, which are not limited here.

Please refer to FIG. 10 . FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of S parameters of the antenna 40 in the high frequency band and the low frequency band according to an embodiment of the present invention. The antenna 40 can work in the first resonant frequency band of 5.17GHz-6GHz (high frequency band) and the second resonant frequency band of 2.33GHz-2.58GHz (low frequency band). Coverage of two frequency bands. It can be understood that the first vibrator 401 and the second vibrator 402 in the embodiment of the present invention can also work in two other different frequency bands.

Please refer to FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 together. FIG. 11 is the antenna pattern of the antenna 40 provided by the embodiment of the present invention in the high frequency band, and FIG. 12 is the antenna pattern of the antenna 40 provided by the embodiment of the present invention in the low frequency band. As shown in the figure, the antenna 40 provided by the embodiment of the present invention has directivity in the high frequency band and good omnidirectionality in the low frequency band.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the best impedance matching of the antenna 40 is achieved by adjusting the layout of the first oscillator 401 and the second oscillator 402 on the substrate 41. The simulation results show that the antenna 40 has a first resonant frequency f1=5.8GHz The H-plane pattern at the position can realize directional coverage, and the H-plane pattern at the second resonant frequency f2=2.4GHz of the antenna 40 can basically realize omni-directional coverage, and it can also be accommodated in a location while ensuring the quality of task information transmission. The landing frame 111 satisfies the built-in space size requirement, which is beneficial to the miniaturization design of the unmanned aerial vehicle 100 .

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, not to limit them; under the idea of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, The steps may be performed in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which have not been presented in detail for the sake of brevity; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preceding examples, those of ordinary skill in the art The skilled person should understand that it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the various implementations of the present invention. The scope of technical solutions.

Claims

An antenna, characterized in that it comprises:

Substrate;

A vibrator structure, the vibrator structure is disposed on one side of the substrate, the vibrator structure includes a first vibrator and a second vibrator, the first vibrator has a first resonant frequency, and the second vibrator has a second resonant frequency;

a director, the director is arranged on the side of the substrate away from the vibrator structure, and the director is arranged on one side of the vibrator structure along the first direction;

A feeding coaxial line is provided on a side of the substrate away from the vibrator structure, and the feeding coaxial line is electrically connected to the first vibrator and the second vibrator respectively.
The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first vibrator includes a first radiating part and a second radiating part, and the first radiating part and the second radiating part are arranged on the The opposite sides of the vibrator structure;

The second vibrator includes a third radiating portion and a fourth radiating portion, the third radiating portion and the fourth radiating portion are arranged on opposite sides of the vibrator structure along the second direction;

The first radiating part is connected to the third radiating part, and the second radiating part is connected to the fourth radiating part;

Wherein, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.
The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the first radiating part comprises a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line, the first microstrip line is arranged along a first direction, and the second microstrip line The strip line is arranged along the second direction;

The second microstrip line extends from one end of the first microstrip line in a direction away from the second radiating portion.
The antenna according to claim 3, wherein the third radiating part comprises the first microstrip line, the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line;

The third microstrip line is arranged along the second direction, and the third microstrip line extends from the middle of the first microstrip line toward a direction away from the second radiation portion, and the third microstrip line Both ends are respectively connected to the first microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line.
The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the fourth microstrip line includes a first line part, a second line part and a third line part connected in sequence;

One end of the first line part and one end of the second line part are respectively connected to the third microstrip line, and the other end of the first line part and the other end of the second line part are respectively in directions away from each other extend;

The third line portion extends from an end of the second line portion away from the first line portion toward a direction of the first microstrip line.
The antenna according to claim 4, wherein the number of the second microstrip lines is two, and the two second microstrip lines are respectively connected to both ends of the first microstrip line;

Along the first direction, the two second microstrip lines are arranged symmetrically with respect to the third microstrip line.
The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, along the first direction, the director is arranged on the side of the one of the second microstrip lines away from the other microstrip line, and the The director is located on a side of the third microstrip line facing the third line portion.
The antenna according to any one of claims 3-7, wherein the substrate is provided with a first through slot, and the first through slot is provided on the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line. between lines.
The antenna according to any one of claims 3-7, wherein a first feeding hole is provided on the substrate, and the first microstrip line passes through the first feeding hole and the feeding The inner conductor of the coaxial line is electrically connected.
The antenna according to claim 2, wherein the second radiating part includes a fifth microstrip line and a sixth microstrip line, the fifth microstrip line is arranged along the first direction, and the sixth microstrip line The strip line is arranged along the second direction;

The sixth microstrip line extends from one end of the fifth microstrip line in a direction away from the first radiation portion.
The antenna according to claim 10, wherein the fourth radiating part comprises the fifth microstrip line, the seventh microstrip line and the eighth microstrip line;

The seventh microstrip line is arranged along the second direction, the seventh microstrip line extends from the middle of the fifth microstrip line in a direction away from the first radiation part, and the seventh microstrip line Both ends are respectively connected to the fifth microstrip line and the eighth microstrip line.
The antenna according to claim 11, wherein the number of the sixth microstrip lines is two, and the two sixth microstrip lines are respectively connected to both ends of the first microstrip line;

Along the first direction, the two sixth microstrip lines are arranged symmetrically with respect to the seventh microstrip line.
The antenna according to any one of claims 3-7, wherein the substrate is provided with a second through slot, and the second through slot is provided on the sixth microstrip line and the seventh microstrip line. between lines.
The antenna according to any one of claims 10-12, wherein a second feeding hole is provided on the substrate, and the fifth microstrip line passes through the second feeding hole and the feeding The outer conductor of the coaxial line is electrically connected.
The antenna according to claim 1, wherein a secondary grounding point is further provided on the substrate, and the feeding coaxial line is electrically connected to the secondary grounding point.
The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first resonant frequency is 5.8 GHz, and the second resonant frequency is 2.4 GHz.
An unmanned aerial vehicle is characterized in that it comprises:

body;

a power assembly, the power assembly is installed on the body, and the power assembly is used to provide flight power for the unmanned aerial vehicle;

a control device, the control device is installed on the body, and the control device is electrically connected to the power assembly;

a landing gear, the landing gear is installed on the body, and the landing gear is used to support the body;

The antenna according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the antenna is installed in the landing gear, and the antenna is electrically connected to the control device.