WO2023015589A1 - 一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统 - Google Patents

一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统 Download PDF

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WO2023015589A1
WO2023015589A1 PCT/CN2021/113437 CN2021113437W WO2023015589A1 WO 2023015589 A1 WO2023015589 A1 WO 2023015589A1 CN 2021113437 W CN2021113437 W CN 2021113437W WO 2023015589 A1 WO2023015589 A1 WO 2023015589A1
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wind
signal
frequency
port
adaptive multi
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French (fr)
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卢立武
肖增利
罗浩
李五一
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南京牧镭激光科技有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/4802—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of laser radar, in particular to an adaptive multi-channel wind measuring laser radar system.
  • Atmospheric wind field information is an important parameter of the atmosphere and plays an important role in the fields of civil aviation, meteorology and wind power.
  • Wind field detection is beneficial to the study of weather events, climate change and environmental issues.
  • Wind lidar mainly uses the Doppler effect to use the aerosol backscattering signal and the local oscillator light of the radar as the beat frequency to obtain the Doppler frequency shift of the scattering signal, thereby obtaining wind speed information.
  • the inversion of the three-dimensional wind field requires radial wind velocity measurements in at least three directions, and the laser radar realizes the measurement in multiple directions through beam scanning.
  • the wind field is evenly distributed, and low-speed scanning helps to accumulate pulses and improve the detection range; while for complex terrain, the wind field changes rapidly.
  • the beam scanning speed is required as soon as possible.
  • the radar is applied to a mobile platform, such as a vehicle or a buoy, the change in attitude also requires a dynamic change in the scanning speed of the beam.
  • Optical switch switching methods can be divided into two categories: 1. Magneto-optical switch, 2. MEMS switch. Magneto-optical switches have high environmental requirements, while MEMS switches are cumbersome to control and have low reliability.
  • the mechanical scanning method has problems such as large volume, cumbersome installation, and low reliability, and requires a separate controller.
  • the present invention provides an adaptive multi-channel wind measurement lidar system, specifically
  • It includes a tunable semiconductor laser, an acousto-optic modulator, an EYDFA amplifier, a fiber circulator, a DWDM wavelength division multiplexer, a photodetector, a signal processing module, and an attitude perception module;
  • the tunable semiconductor laser outputs a continuous signal and sends it to the acousto-optic Modulator;
  • the acousto-optic modulator performs optical pulse modulation processing to transmit signals to the EYDFA amplifier;
  • the EYDFA amplifier is used to amplify the optical energy of the signal and transmit it to the optical fiber circulator, and the optical fiber circulator is a multi-port structure , the EYDFA amplifier signal enters through port 1 of the optical fiber circulator, and enters the DWDM wavelength division multiplexer through port 2;
  • the echo signal sent by the DWDM wavelength division multiplexer enters through port 2 of the optical fiber circulator, exits through port 3, and is transmitted to the photodetector
  • the wind parameter reconstruction module is used to output various wind parameters, which are loaded in the signal processing module.
  • it also includes a frequency changer, which is used to obtain the rate parameter to be adjusted under turbulent flow or instantaneous gust transition through the data processing of the signal processing module, and exchange information with the tunable semiconductor laser and the attitude perception module.
  • the tunable semiconductor laser includes two sets of spaced sampling gratings, a gain area and a phase area, wherein the gain area and the phase area are arranged between the two sets of sampling light.
  • the acousto-optic modulator is provided with at least one group, including an acousto-optic device, an optical fiber coupling system, and a driver, which are used to match and modulate the driving electrical signal according to different extinction ratios, so as to realize the modulation of the optical signal. switch control.
  • the wind parameter reconstruction module is used to output wind state parameters including but not limited to wind direction, wind speed, and turbulence, wherein the radial wind speed is expressed as f 0 : the frequency shift amount of device 2, and f is the received scattered back light.
  • the beam plane wind speed and wind direction are:
  • T is the time sliding window length
  • the frequency changer sets the threshold value of each region according to the feedback information of signal processing, and when the value reaches the threshold value, it starts to function, and the frequency changer is directly fed back to uITLA for adjusting the conversion rate.
  • the attitude perception module performs corresponding monitoring according to the motion frequency of the object installed in the radar, and then performs corresponding compensation processing for the synchronous radar frequency at the same time.
  • uITLA refers to the tunable semiconductor laser
  • V refers to the movement frequency of the radar object
  • Z refers to the radar emission frequency.
  • the radar system proposed by the present invention can automatically adjust the channel switching rate in combination with real-time wind conditions and attitude perception, thereby maximizing the use of system resources and realizing high-precision on-demand wind measurement.
  • the adjustable laser used in the system is simple to control, high switching frequency, long life, and good reliability; DWDM technology is mature, low cost, no external signal control, multiple output signals; signal processing module processes the required data in a timely manner and distributes it to the lower level ;
  • the wind parameter reconstruction module can clearly know the current state of the wind; attitude perception and frequency changes can change the corresponding parameters according to the real-time wind speed state to achieve the effect of improving radar performance.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the radar system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the tunable semiconductor laser of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a modulation waveform of a pulse signal of an acousto-optic modulator of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows the working principle of the DWDM wavelength division multiplexer of the present invention.
  • tunable semiconductor laser 1 acousto-optic modulator 2
  • EYDFA amplifier 3 optical fiber circulator 4
  • DWDM wavelength division multiplexer 5 photodetector 6
  • wind parameter reconstruction module 8 frequency A changer 9
  • a posture perception module 10 a posture perception module 10.
  • the tunable semiconductor laser 1 outputs continuous signal light after adjusting the wavelength, connects with the acousto-optic modulator 2 for optical pulse modulation, and then connects with the EYDFA amplifier 3 for optical pulse modulation.
  • the energy is amplified.
  • port 1 After passing through the optical fiber circulator 4, port 1 enters port 2 and exits at port 2, and enters the DWDM wavelength division multiplexer 5 to start splitting light, so that lasers with different wavelengths go through different channels and output into the telescope to shoot into the atmosphere.
  • the wave signal is received through the same launch port, and enters the photodetector 6 through the optical fiber circulator 4, port 2 enters the port 3, and enters the photodetector 6.
  • the echo signal is beaten with the local oscillator light of the tunable semiconductor laser 1, and the frequency after the beat is
  • the signal enters the device 7 to start data processing, and the wind parameter reconstruction module 8 outputs various parameters of the wind.
  • the frequency changer 9 finds that there is turbulence or instantaneous gust transition, and the speed needs to be adjusted for feedback.
  • the posture sensing module 10 feeds back the change of the motion state of the installed object to the tunable semiconductor laser 1 to change the frequency.
  • Tunable semiconductor laser 1 adopts a tunable seed source, and its working principle is as follows: the laser has a sampling grating at both ends of the resonant cavity as a reflection grating.
  • the grating intervals of the two sampling gratings are designed to be slightly different.
  • the resulting spectrum will have different modes spaced apart. Only the modes that are on the reflection peaks of the two fibers at the same time can form the resonant amplification of light.
  • the injection current to move the reflection spectrum of one of the gratings, the overlapping position of the reflection peaks can be changed, thereby obtaining output light of different frequencies.
  • there is a first-order phase area in the middle which is also used as a fine adjustment area. Through this area, the oscillation position of each mode is changed to realize quasi-continuous wavelength adjustment.
  • the range can reach hundreds of nanometers, and the wavelength selection is finer.
  • Sampling grating section inject current I DER1,2 , change reflection peak, coarse wavelength tuning
  • Phase section injection current Ip, moving longitudinal mode spectrum, fine tuning of wavelength
  • Gain section Inject current I to provide gain
  • the acousto-optic modulator 2 is used to modulate the waveform.
  • the present invention adopts the optical fiber acousto-optic modulator, which is mainly composed of three parts: an acousto-optic device, an optical fiber coupling system and a driver.
  • an acousto-optic device mainly composed of three parts: an acousto-optic device, an optical fiber coupling system and a driver.
  • single or multiple acousto-optic modulators can be used for modulation, and matching can be done according to different system extinction ratios.
  • the switch control of the optical signal can be realized, as shown in Figure 3.
  • EYDFA amplifier 3 is based on the double-clad fiber pumped MOPA amplification technology. After the pump light and the signal enter the double-clad gain fiber at the same time, the low-energy particles rise to the high-energy level, and finally return to the ground state in a stable process, realizing the inversion of the number of particles. By amplifying the original signal light, a multi-stage amplification structure can be realized.
  • the optical fiber circulator 4 can realize bidirectional signal transmission on a single optical fiber.
  • the signal transmission direction of the circulator is irreversible. It can only guide the optical signal from one port to another in one direction at a time. Although the optical signal can be redirected direction but the ports must be sequentially passed in one direction. In the present invention, it is three ports, that is, the optical signal of the three-port circulator must travel from port 1 to port 2, and then propagate to port 3.
  • the DWDM wavelength division multiplexer 5 is actually integrated like multiple WDM devices. After multiple wavelengths pass through the DWDM wavelength division multiplexer through the multimode fiber, the lasers of different wavelengths are separated by the wavelength division multiplexer. Several wavelength combined lasers modulated by DBR tunable seed source lasers are coupled to DWDM optical devices through optical fibers. Only when the wavelength of light is within the filtering range can it enter the optical fiber through the filter and emit it; otherwise, it cannot pass through the filter of this wavelength and will be reflected back by the filter. At this time, a reflective film is coated on the edge of the module.
  • the light reflected by the first filter is reflected again to the port of the next fiber array, and filters of different wavelengths are also placed on the next port. After repeated actions in sequence, after finding the appropriate wavelength through the back and forth reflections of different filters and mirrors, the light enters the corresponding port of the fiber array.
  • the purpose is to decompose most wavelengths in the multimode fiber into single wavelengths and output them from different wavelength channels to achieve method of optical switching. Because the optical switch module in the radar system needs low insertion loss, high return loss, high power withstand, and high reliability, these key parameters DWDM can well meet the requirements.
  • the photodetector 6 converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, and outputs it after internal amplification.
  • the signal processing module 7 performs algorithm processing on the received electric signal, and communicates with the upper computer.
  • the wind parameter reconstruction module 8 converts the processed signal according to the Doppler frequency shift principle and triangular geometric relationship, and outputs the state of the wind, such as wind direction, wind speed, and turbulence.
  • the radial wind speed is expressed as:
  • f 0 the frequency shift amount of device 2
  • f the received scattered back light
  • the beam plane wind speed and wind direction are:
  • T is the time sliding window length
  • the working principle of the frequency changer 9 According to the feedback information of signal processing, by setting the threshold value of each area, when the value reaches a certain threshold, it starts to work, and the frequency change is directly fed back to uITLA to adjust the conversion rate.
  • the working principle of the attitude perception module 10 according to the motion frequency of the object installed in the radar, corresponding monitoring is performed, and at the same time, corresponding compensation is made for the synchronous radar frequency.
  • the processing method is shown in Figure 7.
  • uITLA refers to the tunable semiconductor laser
  • V refers to the motion frequency of the radar object
  • Z refers to the radar emission frequency.
  • the self-adaptive multi-channel wind measurement lidar of the present invention can automatically adjust the channel switching rate in combination with real-time wind conditions and attitude perception, thereby maximizing the use of system resources and realizing high-precision on-demand wind measurement.
  • the adjustable laser used in the system is simple to control, high switching frequency, long life, and good reliability; DWDM technology is mature, low cost, no external signal control, multiple output signals; signal processing module processes the required data in a timely manner and distributes it to the lower level ;
  • the wind parameter reconstruction module can clearly know the current state of the wind; attitude perception and frequency changes can change the corresponding parameters according to the real-time wind speed state to achieve the effect of improving radar performance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，包括可调谐半导体激光器（1）、声光调制器（2）、EYDFA放大器（3）、光纤环形器（4）、DWDM波分复用器（5）、光电探测器（6）、信号处理模块（7）、姿态感知模块（10）；可调谐半导体激光器（1）输出连续信号发送至声光调制器（2）；声光调制器（2），进行光脉冲调制处理后传送至EYDFA放大器（3），信号通过光纤环形器（4）端口1进，端口2出进入DWDM波分复用器（5）；DWDM波分复用器（5）发出回波信号从光纤环形器（4）端口2进，端口3出，传送至光电探测器（6），再将信号传送至信号处理模块（7）中，姿态感知模块（10）用于输出最终运动状态变化的信号。能够结合实时风况和姿态感知，自动调整通道切换速率，从而最大利用系统资源，实现高精度按需测风。

Description

一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统 技术领域
本发明属于激光雷达的技术领域，特别是涉及一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统。
背景技术
大气风场信息是大气的一项重要参数，在民航、气象和风电领域重要的作用。风场探测有利于天气事件、气候变化和环境问题的研究。测风激光雷达主要通过多普勒效应利用气溶胶后向散射信号和雷达的本振光作拍频，获取散射信号的多普勒频移，从而获得风速信息。
反演三维风场需要至少三个方向的径向风速测量值，激光雷达通过光束扫描来实现多个方向的测量。对于平坦地形而言，风场分布均匀，低速的扫描有助于脉冲的积累，提高探测量程；而对于复杂地形而言，风场变化迅速，为了实现瞬时阵风和湍流的测量，要求光束扫描速度尽可能快。除此之外，当雷达应用在移动平台时，如车载、浮标体，姿态的变化也对光束扫描速度提出了动态变化的要求。
现有的激光雷达系统光束扫描方式有两种：光开关切换方式和机械扫描方式。
光开关切换方式可以分为两类：1.磁光开关、2.MEMS开关。磁光开关对环境要求高，MEMS开关则控制繁琐、可靠性低。
机械扫描方式存在体积大、安装繁琐、可靠性低等问题，且需要单独加装控制器。
以上两种方法均无法满足自适应切换扫描速率的要求。根据使用环境各种复杂地形或是物体处于运动状态因素的影响，需要雷达探测随时可以变换探测速率，而以上三种光开关都无法实现。
发明内容
技术方案：为了解决上述的技术问题，本发明提供的一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，具体为
包括可调谐半导体激光器、声光调制器、EYDFA放大器、光纤环形器、DWDM波分复用器、光电探测器、信号处理模块、姿态感知模块；所述可调谐半导体激光器输出连续信号发送至声光调制器；所述声光调制器，进行光脉冲调制处理传送信号至EYDFA放大器；所述EYDFA放大器，用于对信号进行光能量放大，传送至光纤环形器，所述 光纤环形器为多端口结构，EYDFA放大器信号通过光纤环形器端口1进，端口2出进入DWDM波分复用器；DWDM波分复用器发出回波信号从光纤环形器端口2进，端口3出，传送至光电探测器；所述光电探测器用于回波信号与可调谐半导体激光器本振光进行拍频处理，处理后将信号传送至信号处理模块中进行处理，所述姿态感知模块用于输出最终物体的运动状态变化的信号。
作为改进，还包括风参重构模块；所述风参重构模块用于输出风的多种参量，加载在信号处理模块中。
作为改进，还包括频率变化器，用于通过信号处理模块的数据处理获得在湍流或瞬时阵风转态下，要调整的速率参量，与可调谐半导体激光器、姿态感知模块均进行信息交互。
作为改进，所述可调谐半导体激光器包括间隔的两组取样光栅、增益区和相位区，其中增益区和相位区设置在两组取样光之间。
作为改进，所述声光调制器设置有至少一组，包括声光器件、光纤耦合系统和驱动器，用于根据不同的消光比来搭配通过对驱动电信号来进行调制，能实现对光信号的开关控制。
作为改进，所述风参重构模块，用于输出风状态参量包括但不限于风向、风速、湍流，其中径向风速表达为
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000001
f 0:器件2的移频量，f为接收到的散射回光。
作为改进，当为两通道测风扫描时，设置风矢量
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000002
根据几何关系：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000003
光束平面风速、风向分别为：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000005
湍流为：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000007
其中，T为时间滑窗长度，
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000008
为T时刻内径向风速均值，los＝1，2为光束号，
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000009
为对T时刻数据进行求和。
作为改进，所述频率变化器是通过根据信号处理的反馈信息，设置各区域的门限值，当数值到达阈值时，开始作用，变化频率直接反馈uITLA，用于调整转换速率。
作为改进，所述姿态感知模块是根据雷达所装物体的运动频率做相对应的监测，再同时为同步雷达频率做相应的补偿处理，具体补偿时，当V＝Z＝0时，默认物体静止不动，当V＞Z时，则会输出一个相对应的频率对uITLA的频率进行补偿处理。其中，uITLA指的是可谐调半导体激光器；V指的是安装雷达物体的运动频率；Z指的是雷达发射频率。
有益效果：本发明提出的雷达系统，能够结合实时风况和姿态感知，自动调整通道切换速率，从而最大利用系统资源，实现高精度按需测风。该系统采用的可调激光器控制简单，切换频率高，寿命长，可靠性好；DWDM技术成熟，成本低，无需外部信号控制，多路输出信号；信号处理模块及时处理出需要的数据分发给下级；风参重构模块能够清晰知道当前风的状态；姿态感知以及频率变化，能够根据实时风速状态变化相应参数，以达到提高雷达性能效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明雷达系统的原理示意图。
图2为本发明可调谐半导体激光器的组成原理图。
图3为本发明声光调制器脉冲信号调制波形示意图。
图4为本发明DWDM波分复用器的工作原理。
图中：可调谐半导体激光器1、声光调制器2、EYDFA放大器3、光纤环形器4、DWDM波分复用器5、光电探测器6、信号处理模块7、风参重构模块8、频率变化器9、姿态感知模块10。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
见图1，本发明的自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，可调谐半导体激光器1调整波长后输出连续信号光，与声光调制器2连接进行光脉冲调制，再与EYDFA放大器3连接进行光能量放大，通过光纤环形器4后，1端口进2端口出，进入DWDM波分复用器5开始分光，使不同波长的激光走不同的通道输出进入望远镜射向大气，在由大气散射的回波信号通过相同的发射口接收，在通过光纤环形器4，2端口进3端口出，进入光电探测器6，回波信号与可调谐半导体激光器1的本振光进行拍频，拍频后的信号进入器件7开始数据处理，风参重构模块8输出风的各种参量，频率变化器9通过信号处理模块7的数据处理后发现有湍流或瞬时阵风转态下，需要调整速率，进行反馈至器件1变更频率，姿态感知模块10反馈所安装的物体运动状态变化反馈至可调谐半导体激光器1进行频率的变化。
下面进一步地对本发明的雷达系统的部件进行详细的说明和介绍。
可调谐半导体激光器1，见图2，采用可调谐种子源，工作原理为：激光器在谐振腔的两端分别有一个取样光栅作为反射光栅。将两取样光栅的光栅间隔设计得略微有些不同。这样产生的光谱会有不同模式的间隔。只有同时处于两个光纤反射峰值上的模式，才有可能形成光的谐振放大。通过改变注入电流来移动其中的一个光栅的反射谱，这样便可以使反射峰重合位置发生变化，从而得到不同频率的输出光。同样，中间有一级相位区，也是作为精细调节区，通过此区改变各模式振荡位置来实现准连续的波长调节，范围可达百纳米，且选择波长更为精细。
取样光栅节：注入电流I DER1，2，改变反射峰，波长粗调谐
相位节：注入电流Ip，移动纵模谱，波长细调谐
增益节：注入电流I，提供增益
通过增加电流调制出几个不同波长，由引一路光出来进入标准具，通过功率变化-电流变化-电压变化，来实现稳波长，主要原因在于风速反演中，风速大小和波长相关，波长精度会影响风速精度。
声光调制器2用于调制波形，本发明采用光纤声光调制器，主要由声光器件、光纤耦合系统和驱动器三部分组成。在系统中可以使用单个或者多个声光调制器方式进行调制，根据不同的系统消光比来做搭配通过对驱动电信号进行调制即可实现对光信号的开关控制见图3所示。
EYDFA放大器3是基于双包层光纤泵浦MOPA放大技术，泵浦光与信号好同时进入双包层增益光纤后，低能级粒子上升至高能级，最终稳定回到基态的过程，实现粒子数反转将原有信号光进行放大，可实现多级放大结构。
光纤环形器4可实现单根光纤上的双向信号传输，环形器的信号传输方向是不可逆的，一次只能在一个方向上将光信号从一个端口引导到另一个端口，光信号虽然可重定向方向但必须沿着一个方向按顺序通过端口。本发明中为三端口，即三端口的环形器光信号必须从端口1到端口2，然后传播到端口3。
见图4所示，DWDM波分复用器5实际上类似于多个WDM器件集成在一起。多个波长通过多模光纤经过DWDM波分复用器后，通过波分复用器将不同的波长的激光分离开来。根据DBR可调谐种子源激光器调制出的几个波长合波激光通过光纤耦合至DWDM光器件中，光通过棱镜折射到每一个光纤阵列中，每个光纤阵列的前端放置介质膜的滤波片，只有光波长在该滤波范围内，才可通过滤波片进入光纤中发射出去；否则无法通过该波长的滤波片，会被该滤波片反射回去，此时，在模块的边缘镀了一层反射膜，将第一个滤波片反射回来的光再次反射到下一个光纤阵列的端口，同样下一个端口放置着不同波长的滤波片。依次反复作用，通过不同的滤波片和反射镜的来回反射找到合适波长后，光进入该光纤阵列对应端口，目的是将多模光纤中的多数波长分解为单一波长从不同的波长通道输出，实现光切换的方法。由于雷达系统里光开关模块需要低插损，高回损，耐受功率高，可靠性高，这些关键参数DWDM都可以很好的满足要求。
光电探测器6是将接收到的光信号，转换为电信号，在经内部放大处理后输出。
信号处理模块7是将接收到的电信号，进行算法处理，通讯连接上位机。
见图5所示，风参重构模块8根据多普勒频移原理和三角几何关系，对处理的信号进行转换，输出风的状态，如风向、风速、湍流。
径向风速表达为：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000010
f 0:器件2的移频量，f为接收到的散射回光。
当为两通道测风扫描时，接收到回光，进行处理计算，设风矢量
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000011
根据几何关系：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000012
光束平面风速、风向分别为：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000014
湍流为：
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000016
其中，T为时间滑窗长度，
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000017
为T时刻内径向风速均值，los＝1,2为光束号，
Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-000018
为对T时刻数据进行求和。
频率变化器9的工作原理：根据信号处理的反馈信息，通过设置各区域的门限值，当数值到达一定阈值时，开始作用，变化频率直接反馈于uITLA来调整转换速率。
当Ti los≤P时，使用常规频率下测量；当Ti los≥P时，随着梯度的变化，而变化频率。如图6所示，当数据处理后，Ti los≥A、B、C、...的阈值时，对应当前阈值输出当前频率的控制。
姿态感知模块10的工作原理：根据雷达所装物体的运动频率做相应监测，同时为同步雷达频率做相应的补偿，其处理方式如图7所示，当V＝Z＝0时，默认物体静止不动，当V＞Z时，则会输出一个相对应的频率对uITLA的频率进行补偿处理。其中uITLA指的是可谐调半导体激光器；V指的是安装雷达物体的运动频率；Z指的是雷达发射频率。
本发明的自适应多通道测风激光雷达，是能够结合实时风况和姿态感知，自动调整通道切换速率，从而最大利用系统资源，实现高精度按需测风。该系统采用的可调激光器控制简单，切换频率高，寿命长，可靠性好；DWDM技术成熟，成本低，无需外部信号控制，多路输出信号；信号处理模块及时处理出需要的数据分发给下级；风参重构模块能够清晰知道当前风的状态；姿态感知以及频率变化，能够根据实时风速状态变化相应参数，以达到提高雷达性能效果。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：包括可调谐半导体激光器(1)、声光调制器(2)、EYDFA放大器(3)、光纤环形器(4)、DWDM波分复用器(5)、光电探测器(6)、信号处理模块(7)、姿态感知模块(10)；所述可调谐半导体激光器(1)输出连续信号发送至声光调制器(2)；所述声光调制器(2)，进行光脉冲调制处理传送信号至EYDFA放大器(3)；所述EYDFA放大器(3)，用于对信号进行光能量放大，传送至光纤环形器(4)，所述光纤环形器(4)为多端口结构，EYDFA放大器(3)信号通过光纤环形器(4)端口1进，端口2出进入DWDM波分复用器(5)；DWDM波分复用器(5)发出回波信号从光纤环形器(4)端口2进，端口3出，传送至光电探测器(6)；所述光电探测器(6)用于回波信号与可调谐半导体激光器(1)本振光进行拍频处理，处理后将信号传送至信号处理模块(7)中进行处理，所述姿态感知模块(10)用于输出最终物体的运动状态变化的信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：还包括风参重构模块(8)；所述风参重构模块(8)用于输出风的多种参量，加载在信号处理模块(7)中。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：还包括频率变化器(9)，用于通过信号处理模块(7)的数据处理获得在湍流或瞬时阵风转态下，要调整的速率参量，与可调谐半导体激光器(1)、姿态感知模块(10)均进行信息交互。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：所述可调谐半导体激光器(1)包括间隔的两组取样光栅、增益区和相位区，其中增益区和相位区设置在两组取样光之间。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：所述声光调制器(2)设置有至少一组，包括声光器件、光纤耦合系统和驱动器，用于根据不同的消光比来搭配通过对驱动电信号来进行调制，能实现对光信号的开关控制。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：所述风参重构模块(8)，用于输出风状态参量包括但不限于风向、风速、湍流，其中径向风速表达为
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100001
    f 0:器件2的移频量，f为接收到的散射回光。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：当为两通道测风扫描时，设置风矢量
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100002
    根据几何关系：
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100003
    光束平面风速、风向分别为：
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100004
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100005
    湍流为：
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100007
    其中，T为时间滑窗长度，
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100008
    为T时刻内径向风速均值，los＝1,2为光束号，
    Figure PCTCN2021113437-appb-100009
    为对T时刻数据进行求和。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：所述频率变化器(9)是通过根据信号处理的反馈信息，设置各区域的门限值，当数值到达阈值时，开始作用，变化频率直接反馈可调谐半导体激光器(1)，用于调整转换速率。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述自适应多通道测风激光雷达系统，其特征在于：所述姿态感知模块(10)是根据雷达所装物体的运动频率做相对应的监测，再同时为同步雷达频率做相应的补偿处理，具体补偿时，当V＝Z＝0时，默认物体静止不动，当V＞Z时，则会输出一个相对应的频率对可调谐半导体激光器(1)的频率进行补偿处理，其中，V指的是安装雷达物体的运动频率；Z指的是雷达发射频率。
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