Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
  • A61K31/4709—Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
  • A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond

Definitions

• PPARgamma is a type II ligand-dependent nuclear hormone receptor (belonging to the PPAR nuclear receptor subfamily) that functions as an obligate heterodimer with retinoid X receptors (RXRs). PPARG is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, colon, macrophages and the luminal layers of the urothelium.
• PPARG is known as a master regulator of adipogenesis, functioning to regulate adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. PPARG has also been shown to play an important role in the metabolism and inflammation of macrophages, where it is induced by IL4 and controls glutamine metabolism. In the normal urothelium, PPARG is critical for its homeostasis and regeneration. [0003] The role for PPARG in cancer was originally inferred from genomic studies that identified a PAX8-PPARG chromosomal rearrangement in follicular thyroid carcinomas. More recently, PPARG has been found to be over-expressed and genetically altered in the luminal subtype of urothelial cancer.
• urothelial cancers are urothelial carcinoma, which are classified as either non-muscle- invasive urothelial cancer (NMIUC, 70%), muscle-invasive urothelial cancer (MIUC, 25%) or metastatic urothelial cancer (MUC, 5%).
• NMIUC non-muscle- invasive urothelial cancer
• MIUC muscle-invasive urothelial cancer
• MUC metastatic urothelial cancer
• the disclosed compounds of Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof modulate PPARG (e.g., as agonists such as inverse agonists), and are useful in a variety of therapeutic applications such as, for example, in treating cancer. As such, their uses for treating diseases responsive to the inhibition of PPARG are included.
• PPARG e.g., as agonists such as inverse agonists
• Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the disclosed compounds of Formula I, as well as methods for their preparation are also included.
• X, Y, and Z are each independently N or –CR 4 , wherein at least one of X, Y, or Z is N;
• R 1 is hydrogen, halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, or hydroxyl;
• R 2 is halo, -SR g , -SOR g , -SO2R g , or -OR g ;
• R 3 is cyano or nitro;
• R 4 is hydrogen, halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, or hydroxyl;
• R 5 is halo, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, or cyano;
• R 6 is halo, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, or cyano;
• a hyphen designates the point of attachment of that group to the variable to which it is defined.
• -NR b C(O)OR c and -NR b C(S)OR c mean that the point of attachment for this group occurs on the nitrogen atom.
• halo and “halogen” refer to an atom selected from fluorine (fluoro, -F), chlorine (chloro, -Cl), bromine (bromo, -Br), and iodine (iodo, -I).
• alkyl when used alone or as part of a larger moiety, such as “haloalkyl”, and the like, means saturated straight-chain or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical.
• Alkoxy means an alkyl radical attached through an oxygen linking atom, represented by –O-alkyl.
• (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, proproxy, and butoxy.
• haloalkyl includes mono, poly, and perhaloalkyl groups where the halogens are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
• Haloalkoxy is a haloalkyl group which is attached to another moiety via an oxygen atom such as, e.g., –OCHF2 or –OCF3.
• the term “5- to 7-membered heteroaryl” used alone or as part of a larger moiety refers to a 5- to 7-membered aromatic radical containing 1-4 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S.
• Monocyclic heteroaryl includes, for example, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, etc.
• Optional substituents on a heteroaryl group may be present on any substitutable position and, include, e.g., the position at which the heteroaryl is attached.
• 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl means a 4- to 6-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S.
• a heterocyclyl ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure.
• Examples of monocyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolidonyl, piperidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, oxetanyl, dioxolanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, and tetrahydropyrimidinyl.
• Optional substituents on a heterocyclyl group may be present on any substitutable position and, include, e.g., the position at which the heterocyclyl is attached.
• Compounds having one or more chiral centers can exist in various stereoisomeric forms. Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement. Stereoisomers include all diastereomeric, enantiomeric, and epimeric forms as well as racemates and mixtures thereof.
• the enrichment of the indicated configuration relative to the opposite configuration is greater than 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9%.
• “Enrichment of the indicated configuration relative to the opposite configuration” is a mole percent and is determined by dividing the number of compounds with the indicated stereochemical configuration at the chiral center(s) by the total number of all of the compounds with the same or opposite stereochemical configuration in a mixture.
• subject and “patient” may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like).
• the subject is a human in need of treatment.
• the term “inhibit,” “inhibition” or “inhibiting” includes a decrease in the baseline activity of a biological activity or process.
• treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease or disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof, as described herein.
• treatment may be administered after one or more symptoms have developed, i.e., therapeutic treatment.
• treatment may be administered in the absence of symptoms.
• treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of exposure to a particular organism, or other susceptibility factors), i.e., prophylactic treatment. Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to delay their recurrence.
• compositions described herein include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose-based substances, polyethylene glycol, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers poly
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds described herein include e.g., salts of inorganic acids (such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids) and of organic acids (such as, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, methanesulfonic, and p-toluenesulfonic acids).
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids
• organic acids such as, acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, methanesulfonic, and p-toluenesulfonic acids.
• Compounds of the present teachings with acidic groups such as carboxylic acids can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable base(s).
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts include e.g., ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium
• Compounds with a quaternary ammonium group also contain a counteranion such as chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, perchlorate and the like.
• a counteranion such as chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, perchlorate and the like.
• Other examples of such salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, methanesulfonates, nitrates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid.
• the term “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a compound described herein that will elicit a desired or beneficial biological or medical response of a subject e.g., a dosage of between 0.01 - 100 mg/kg body weight/day. 3.
• the compound of Formula I is of the Formula II: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables are as described above for Formula I.
• the compound of Formula I is of the Formula III: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the variables are as described above for Formula I.
• R 2 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo, -S(C1-C4)alkyl, -SO(C1-C4)alkyl, -SO2(C1- C 4 )alkyl, or -O(C 1 -C 4 )alkylN[(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl] 2 , wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I.
• R 2 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is chloro, - SCH 3 , -SOCH 3 , -SO 2 CH 3 , or -O(CH 2 ) 2 N(CH 3 ) 2 , wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I.
• R 2 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is chloro, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I.
• R 3 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is cyano, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth embodiment.
• R 1 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is hydrogen, fluoro, hydroxyl, or methyl, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth or fifth embodiment.
• R 1 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is hydrogen, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth or fifth embodiment.
• R 5 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo or cyano, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, or sixth embodiment.
• R 5 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, or sixth embodiment.
• q in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh embodiment.
• r in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 1, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth embodiment.
• r in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 0, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth embodiment.
• R 6 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth embodiment.
• R 7 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1- C 4 )alkoxy, -(C 1 -C 4 )alkylOR a , -C(O)NR a R b , phenyl, 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl, wherein each of said phenyl, 4- to 6-membered heterocyclyl, and 5- to 7-membered heteroaryl are optionally and independently substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from R 8 , wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, or tenth embodiment.
• R 7 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, -(C1- C 4 )alkylOR a , -C(O)NR a R b , phenyl, pyridinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrazolyl, and oxetanyl, wherein each of said phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, and oxetanyl are optionally and independently substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from R 8 , wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth,
• R 7 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, -(C 1 -C 4 )alkylOR a , -C(O)NR a R b , phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, and oxetanyl, wherein each of said phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrazolyl, and oxetanyl are optionally and independently substituted with 1 to 3 groups selected from R 8 , wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, or tenth embodiment.
• R 8 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from halo, -C(O)NR d R e , (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, halo(C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, oxo, and cyano, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, or eleventh embodiment.
• R 8 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, halo(C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, halo(C1-C4)alkoxy, oxo, and cyano, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, or eleventh embodiment.
• R 8 in the compound of Formula I II or III or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from -C(O)NR d R e , (C1-C4)alkyl, and oxo, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, or eleventh embodiment.
• R 8 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is selected from -C(O)N(CH3)2, CH3, and oxo, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, or eleventh embodiment.
• R 8 in the compound of Formula I, II, or III, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is halo(C1-C4)alkyl, wherein the remaining variables are as described above for Formula I or third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, or eleventh embodiment.
• Compounds having the Formula I, II, or III are further disclosed in the Exemplification and are included in the present disclosure. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as well as the neutral forms are included. 4. Uses, Formulation and Administration [0038] The compounds and compositions described herein are generally useful for modulating the activity of PPARG. In some aspects, the compounds, pharmaceutical acceptable salts, and pharmaceutical compositions described herein inhibit the activity PPARG. In some aspects, the compounds and pharmaceutical acceptable salts disclosed herein are agonists of PPARG. In some aspects, the compounds and pharmaceutical acceptable salts disclosed herein are agonists of PPARG. In some aspects, the compounds and pharmaceutical acceptable salts disclosed herein are inverse agonists of PPARG.
• inverse-agonists refer to agents that bind to the same receptor binding site as a agonist (e.g., the binding site of a nuclear receptor such as PPARG) and not only antagonizes the effects of an agonist but, moreover, exerts the opposite effect by suppressing spontaneous receptor signaling (when present).
• the compounds and pharmaceutical acceptable salts disclosed herein overcome the activated state of PPARG function resulting from alteration in PPARG activity (mutation, amplification or overexpression) or from RXRA activating mutations.
• the compounds and pharmaceutical acceptable salts disclosed herein increase the repressive state (NCOR1 recruitment) to a higher degree than previously disclosed PPARG modulators such as prior inverse agonists.
• the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein are useful in treating a disorder associated with PPARG function.
• methods of treating a disorder associated with PPARG function comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a disclosed compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• the disorder associated with PPARG is cancer.
• the cancer is associated with an up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway.
• PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
• the up-regulated PPAR signaling pathway is associated with increased expression of one or more genes selected from Uroplakin 1A (UPK1A), Uroplakin IB (UPK1B), Uroplakin (UPK2), Keratin 20 (KRT20), GATA Binding Protein 3 (GAT A3), Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 1 (NCORl), Nuclear Receptor Corepressor 2 (NCOR2), Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Forkhead Box Al (FOXA1), CD36 Molecule (CD36), Acyl-CoA Oxidase 1 (ACOX1), 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 2 (HMGCS2), Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 5 (ACSL5), Arachidonate 5 -Lipoxygenase (ALOX5), Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 1 (
• the cancer treated by the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions described herein is selected from breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer, urothelial cancer (e.g., non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, muscle- invasive urothelial cancer, metastatic urothelial cancer), skin cancer, melanoma, colon cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer and a hematopoietic cancer (e.g., lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukemia).
• urothelial cancer e.g., non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, muscle- invasive urothelial cancer, metastatic urothelial cancer
• skin cancer melanoma
• colon cancer melanoma
• kidney cancer e.g., brain cancer
• hematopoietic cancer e.g., lymphoma, multiple myeloma and leukemia
• the cancer treated by the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions described herein is urothelial cancer such as non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, and metastatic urothelial cancer
• urothelial cancer such as non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, muscle-invasive urothelial cancer, and metastatic urothelial cancer
• Other uses besides cancer include e.g., metabolic diseases (e.g., osteoporosis, rachitis, arthrosis, obesity, type I and type II diabetes mellitus), lipid metabolism disorder, pancreatitis, glucose metabolism disorder, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic complications, hyperuricemia, osteoporosis, rachitis, arthrosis inflammatory diseases (e.g., inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, eczema, acne vulgaris, other dermatitides and pruritus), pulmonary disorders
• compositions described herein are formulated for administration to a patient in need of such composition.
• Pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be administered orally, parenterally, by inhalation spray, topically, rectally, nasally, buccally, vaginally or via an implanted reservoir.
• parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-articular, intra-synovial, intrasternal, intrathecal, intrahepatic, intralesional and intracranial injection or infusion techniques.
• the compositions are administered orally, intraperitoneally or intravenously.
• Sterile injectable forms of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein may be aqueous or oleaginous suspension.
• compositions are administered orally.
• a specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the judgment of the treating physician and the severity of the particular disease being treated.
• the amount of a compound described herein in the composition will also depend upon the particular compound in the pharmaceutical composition.
• 3-Chloro-6-cyanopicolinoyl chloride 3-chloro-6-cyanopicolinic acid (120 mg, 657 ⁇ mol, 1 equiv.) was added to a flask containing SOCl2 (2 mL) at 20°C. Then the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 3 hours under N 2 . The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (130 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The crude product was used directly in the next step without further purification.
• 5-chloro-2-cyanoisonicotinoyl chloride 5-chloro-2-cyanoisonicotinic acid (200 mg, 1.10 mmol, 1 equiv.) was added to a flask containing SOCl 2 (2 mL) at 20°C. Then the mixture was stirred at 80°C for 1 hour under N 2 . The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound (220 mg, crude) as white solid. The crude product was used directly in the next step without further purification.
• Step 2 2-cyano-5-(methylthio)isonicotinoyl chloride: A solution of 2-cyano-5- (methylthio)isonicotinic acid (115 mg, 592 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in SOCl2 (4 mL) was stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours under N 2 . The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to afford the title compound (125 mg, crude) as a yellow solid. The product was used in next step without further purification.
• Step 1 1-(2-amino-4-chloro-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)ethanone
• Step 1 1-(5-bromo-2-chloro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine: To a solution of 1-bromo-4-chloro-5-fluoro-2-nitro-benzene (2.0 g, 7.86 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMF (20 mL) was added 1-methylpiperazine (787 mg, 7.86 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and K 2 CO 3 (1.09 g, 7.86 mmol, 1.0 equiv.). The mixture was stirred at RT for 4 hours.
• Step 2 2-bromo-5-chloro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline: A mixture of 1-(5- bromo-2-chloro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine (2.4 g, 7.17 mmol, 1.0 equiv.), Fe (2.00 g, 35.8 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) and NH 4 Cl (1.92 g, 35.8 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) in MeOH (20 mL) and H2O (5 mL) was purged with N2 and then the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 hours under N2.
• Step 3 5-chloro-2-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline: To a solution of 2-bromo-5-chloro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline (300 mg, 985 ⁇ mol, 1 equiv.) and tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)stannane (399 uL, 1.18 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) in toluene (5 mL) was added Pd(PPh3)4 (113.8 mg, 98.4 ⁇ mol, 0.1 equiv.). The mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hours under N2.
• Step 1 1-(6-amino-2,4-difluoro-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)ethan-1-one
• Step 1 1-(6-amino-2,4-difluoro-3-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4- yl)phenyl)ethan-1-one: To a mixture of 1-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-one (1.3 g, 5.3 mmol, 1 equiv.) and 1-methyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6- dihydro-2H-pyridine (1.8 g, 8.0 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) in THF (1.2 mL) and H 2 O (0.3 mL) was added K 3 PO 4 (2.5 g, 11.7 mmol, 2.2 e
• Step 2 1-(6-amino-2,4-difluoro-3-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)ethan-1-one: To a solution of 1-(6-amino-2,4-difluoro-3-(1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4- yl)phenyl)ethan-1-one (1.2 g, 4.4 mmol, 1 equiv.) in MeOH (12 mL) was added 20% Pd(OH) 2 on carbon (500 mg) under N 2 . The suspension was degassed under vacuum and purged with H 2 several times. The mixture was stirred under H 2 (50 Psi) at 70 °C for 3 hours.
• N-(2-acetyl-3,5-difluorophenyl)-5-chloro-2- cyanoisonicotinamide To a solution of 1-(2-amino-4,6-difluorophenyl)ethan-1-one (170 mg, 993 ⁇ mol, 1 equiv.) in THF (1 mL) was added NaH (43.7 mg, 1.09 mmol, 60% purity, 1.1 equiv.) at 0°C. Then a solution of 5-chloro-2-cyanoisonicotinoyl chloride (220 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) in THF (1 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture.
• Example 8 [0096] 6-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylthio)picolinonitrile [0097] Scheme 2, step 1.6-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5- (methylthio)picolinonitrile: NaSMe (56.0 mg, 799 ⁇ mol, 2.5 equiv.) was added to a solution of 5-chloro-6-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)picolinonitrile (100 mg, 315 ⁇ mol, 1 equiv.) in DMF (1 mL) cooled to 0°C and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0°C.
• Example 10 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylthio)picolinonitrile Scheme 2, step 1.4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5- (methylthio)picolinonitrile: To a solution of 5-chloro-4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4- dihydroquinolin-2-yl)picolinonitrile (80 mg, 252 ⁇ mol, 1 equiv.) in DMF (1.5 mL) was added NaSMe (44.8 mg, 640 ⁇ mol, 2.54 equiv.) at 0 o C.
• Example 13 [00108] 5-chloro-6-(5,7-difluoro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2- yl)picolinonitrile [00109] Step 1, 1-(3-bromo-2,6-difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine: To a solution of 1-methylpiperazine (1.73 mL, 15.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) and K 2 CO 3 (3.24 g, 23.4 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) in DMSO (40 mL) was added 4-bromo-1,2,3-trifluoro-5-nitro-benzene (4 g, 15.63 mmol, 1.0 equiv.).
• Step 2 2-bromo-3,5-difluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline: A solution of 1- (3-bromo-2,6-difluoro-4-nitro-phenyl)-4-methyl-piperazine (2.5 g, 7.44 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in EtOH (20 mL) was added to a solution of NH 4 Cl (1.99 g, 37.2 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) and Fe (2.08 g, 37.2 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) in H 2 O (10 mL) at RT. Then the solution was stirred at 80 °C for 1.5 hours under N2. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and filtered.
• Step 3 1-[6-amino-2,4-difluoro-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]ethenone: To a solution of 2-bromo-3,5-difluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline (1 g, 3.27 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in toluene (10 mL) was added tributyl(1-ethoxyvinyl)stannane (3.31 mL, 9.80 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) and Pd(PPh3)4 (377 mg, 327 ⁇ mol, 0.1 equiv.) under N2.
• the mixture was stirred at 120 °C for 16 hours under N 2 .
• the reaction mixture was cooled to RT and the reaction was quenched by the addition of an aqueous solution of KF (30 mL).
• the mixture was stirred at RT for 2 hours, diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• the residue was diluted in dioxane (15 mL) and 4N HCl in dioxane (2.08 mL, 1 equiv.) was added.
• the mixture was stirred at RT for 1 hour.
• reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (50 mL), diluted with water (50 mL), and extracted with DCM (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (60 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Step 4 N-[2-acetyl-3,5-difluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-3-chloro-6- cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamide: A mixture of 3-chloro-6-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (71 mg, 389 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in SOCl2 (2 mL) was purged with N2 and then the mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 2 hours under N 2 . The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to provide 3-chloro-6-cyano-pyridine-2-carbonyl chloride (80 mg, crude) as a white solid which was used in the next phase of this step without further purification.
• Step 5 5-chloro-6-(5,7-difluoro-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4- dihydroquinolin-2-yl)picolinonitrile: To a solution of N-[2-acetyl-3,5-difluoro-4-(4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-3-chloro-6-cyano-pyridine-2-carboxamide (85 mg, 196 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in 2-MeTHF (2 mL) was added LiOH (9.4 mg, 392 ⁇ mol, 2.0 equiv.). The reaction mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 12 hours.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (5 mL).
• the aqueous phase was purified by preparative HPLC (column: Phenomenex Luna C1875 x 30mm x 3um; mobile phase: 1-40% acetonitrile in water (+formic acid modifier)) to afford the title compound (28.7 mg, 35% yield) as a yellow solid.
• LCMS [M+1] 416.1.
• Example 27 6-chloro-5-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)nicotinonitrile
• Step 1 2-hydroxy-5-iodonicotinic acid: To a solution of methyl 2-chloro-5- iodonicotinate (3.0 g, 10.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in THF (20 mL) and H2O (7 mL) was added LiOH ⁇ H 2 O (1.3 g, 32.2 mmol, 3.0 equiv.). The mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 16 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove THF.
• Step 3 N-(2-acetyl-3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-chloro-5-iodonicotinamide: A solution of 2-hydroxy-5-iodonicotinic acid (2.5 g, 9.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in POCl3 (15 mL) was stirred at 90 °C for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove volatiles and afford the title compound (3 g, crude) as a white solid which was used in the next phase of the reaction without further purification.
• Step 4 2-(2-chloro-5-iodopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-difluoroquinolin-4(1H)-one: To a solution of N-(2-acetyl-3,5-difluorophenyl)-2-chloro-5-iodonicotinamide (740 mg, 1.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in dioxane (7 mL) was added LiOH (40.6 mg, 1.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv.). The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT and diluted with H 2 O (5 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL).
• Step 5 6-chloro-5-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)nicotinonitrile: To a solution of 2-(2-chloro-5-iodopyridin-3-yl)-5,7-difluoroquinolin-4(1H)-one (150 mg, 358 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMA (3 mL) was added Zn(CN)2 (25.2 mg, 215 ⁇ mol, 0.6 equiv.) and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (41.4 mg, 35.8 ⁇ mol, 0.1 equiv.) under N 2 .
• Example 28 [00123] 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylsulfinyl)picolinonitrile 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylsulfinyl)picolinonitrile: To a mixture of 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1H-quinolin-2-yl)-5-methylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carbonitrile (60 mg, 182 ⁇ mol, 1 equiv.) in DCM (1 mL) was added m-CPBA (55.4 mg, 273 ⁇ mol, 85% purity, 1.5 equiv.) at RT under N 2 .
• the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 hours.
• the reaction mixture was poured into a saturated aqueous solution of Na2SO3 (15 mL).
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL).
• the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2 x 20 mL), dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
• Example 29 [00125] 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)picolinonitrile 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)picolinonitrile: To a mixture of 4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1H-quinolin-2-yl)-5-methylsulfanyl-pyridine-2-carbonitrile (110 mg, 334 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in acetone (1 mL), water (0.6 mL), methanol (0.7 mL) and THF (0.7 mL) was added Oxone (616.03 mg, 1.00 mmol, 3.0 equiv.).
• Example 30 [00126] 4-(7-chloro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)picolinonitrile [00128] Step 1, N-(2-acetyl-5-chloro-phenyl)-2-cyano-5-methylsulfanyl-pyridine-4- carboxamide: To a solution of 1-(2-amino-4-chloro-phenyl)ethanone (262 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in isopropyl acetate (3 mL) was added 2-cyano-5-methylsulfanyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl chloride (328.5 mg, 1.54 mmol, 1.0 equiv.).
• Step 3 4-(7-chloro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)-5-(methylsulfonyl)- picolinonitrile: To a solution of 4-(7-chloro-4-oxo-1H-quinolin-2-yl)-5-methylsulfanyl- pyridine-2-carbonitrile (288 mg, 879 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in acetone (0.35 mL), H2O (0.2 mL), MeOH (0.25 mL), THF (0.25 mL) was added Oxone (1.6 g, 2.6 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 16 hours.
• Example 33 [00133] 5-chloro-4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)pyrimidine-2- carbonitrile [00134] Step 1, N-(2-acetyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)-5-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidine-4- carboxamide: A mixture of 5-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.4 g, 6.84 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in SOCl 2 (20 mL) was purged with N 2 and then the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 0.5 hours under N 2 .
• Step 2 2-(5-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-1H-quinolin-4- one: To a solution of N-(2-acetyl-3,5-difluoro-phenyl)-5-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl- pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (1.0 g, 2.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in dioxane (10 mL) was added LiOH (134 mg, 5.6 mmol, 2.0 equiv.). The mixture was purged with N2 and then the mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 6 hours under N2.
• Step 3 2-(5-chloro-2-methylsulfonyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-1H-quinolin-4- one: To a solution of 2-(5-chloro-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-1H-quinolin- 4-one (300 mg, 883 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in acetone (15 mL), H 2 O (8 mL), MeOH (1 mL) and THF (1 mL) was added Oxone (1.6 g, 2.6 mmol, 3.0 equiv.). The mixture was purged with N2 and then stirred at RT for 2 hours under N2.
• Step 4 5-chloro-4-(5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl)pyrimidine-2- carbonitrile: To a solution of 2-(5-chloro-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)-5,7- difluoroquinolin-4(1H)-one (50.0 mg, 135 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMSO (2.5 mL) cooled to 10 °C was added NaCN (16.5 mg, 336 ⁇ mol, 2.5 equiv.) and the mixture was stirred at 10 °C for 10 minutes.
• Step 2 1-[2-(5-chloro-2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1H-quinolin-6-yl]- N,N-dimethyl-piperidine-3-carboxamide: To a mixture of N-[2-acetyl-4-[3- (dimethylcarbamoyl)-1-piperidyl]-3,5-difluoro-phenyl] -5-chloro-2-cyano-pyridine-4- carboxamide (360 mg, 735 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in 2-MeTHF (5 mL) was added LiOH (52.8 mg, 2.2 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) at RT under N2.
• Step 3 (S)-1-(2-(2-cyano-5-(methylthio)pyridin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-N,N-dimethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide: To a mixture of 1-(2-(5- chloro-2-cyanopyridin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-N,N- dimethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide (182 mg, 386 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMF (3 mL) was added NaSMe (67.6 mg, 964 ⁇ mol, 2.5 equiv.) in one portion at 0 °C under N 2 .
• the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 hour.
• the reaction mixture was poured into ice water (20 mL) and stirred for 10 minutes.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 20 mL).
• the combined organic layers were washed with brine (3 mL), dried with anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Additional material was extracted from the aqueous phase by adjusting the pH to 5-6 with aqueous 1M HCl and collecting the precipitate that formed.
• the combined crude product was triturated with acetonitrile.
• Step 4 (S)-1-(2-(2-cyano-5-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4- dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-N,N-dimethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide: To a solution of (S)-1-(2-(2- cyano-5-(methylthio)pyridin-4-yl)-5,7-difluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolin-6-yl)-N,N- dimethylpiperidine-3-carboxamide (31.1 mg, 64.2 ⁇ mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (0.5 mL) cooled to 0 °C was added m-CPBA (39.1 mg, 193 ⁇ mol, 3.0 equiv.; 85% purity).
• PPAR ⁇ -NCOR1 recruitment assay [00146] Compound potency (EC 50 ) and maximal extent of NCOR1 recruitment to PPARG were assessed a TR-FRET binding assay measuring association of a biotinylated NCOR1 ID2 peptide (Biotin-GHSFADPASNLGLEDIIRKALMG-amide) to PPARG/RXRA LBD heterodimer. Specifically, a 20 microliters of TR-FRET master mix consisting of 2 nM WT PPARG LBD (e.
• TR-FRET ratios were normalized to the average ratio of DMSO control wells (0%) and to the average maximum ratio for positive control compound (T0070907 (2-chloro-5-nitro-N-4- pyridinyl-benzamide); defined as 100%) in CDD Vault and analyzed using the Levenberg- Marquardt algorithm.
• PPAR ⁇ -MED1 blockade assay [00148] Compound potency (IC 50 ) and maximal extent of MED1 repulsion to PPARG were assessed a TR-FRET binding assay measuring association of a biotinylated MED1 LxxLL peptide (Biotin- VSSMAGNTKNHPMLMNLLKDNPAQ-amide) to PPARG/RXRA LBD heterodimer. Specifically, a 20 microliters of TR-FRET master mix consisting of 2 nM WT PPARG LBD (e. coli expressed, His-TEV-Q203-Y477; Uniprot ID P37231-2), 2 nM WT RXRA LBD (e.
• the EC50 is expressed as follows, A: ⁇ 10 nM, B: 10-100 nM, C: 100-1,000 nM, D: 1,000-10,000 nM, E: >10,000 nM.
• the % NCOR recruitment is expressed as follows, A: >100% (> the control compound, T907), B: ⁇ 100% ( ⁇ the control compound, T907).
• the EC50 is expressed as follows, A: ⁇ 10 nM, B: 10-100 nM, C: 100-1,000 nM, D: 1,000-10,000 nM, E: >10,000 nM.
• the % MED1 blockade is expressed as follows, A: >100% (> the control compound, GW9662), B: ⁇ 100% ( ⁇ the control compound, GW9662). [00153]
• the EC 50 is expressed as follows, A: ⁇ 10 nM, B: 10- 100 nM, C: 100-1,000 nM, D: 1,000-10,000 nM, E: >10,000 nM, ND: not determined.
• the % inhibition of ANGPTL4, a PPARG target gene, at 100 nM compound concentration is expressed as percentage of a DMSO control experiment.

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