WO2023012439A1 - Utilisation d'un lactosérum acide pour stimuler la germination d'un grain de pollen d'une plante - Google Patents
Utilisation d'un lactosérum acide pour stimuler la germination d'un grain de pollen d'une plante Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023012439A1 WO2023012439A1 PCT/FR2022/051560 FR2022051560W WO2023012439A1 WO 2023012439 A1 WO2023012439 A1 WO 2023012439A1 FR 2022051560 W FR2022051560 W FR 2022051560W WO 2023012439 A1 WO2023012439 A1 WO 2023012439A1
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- pollen
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- plant
- acid whey
- grain
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- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021242 lactoferrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001102 lavandula vera Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018219 lavender Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940099431 macrocystis pyrifera extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003987 melatonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N melatonin Chemical compound COC1=CC=C2NC=C(CCNC(C)=O)C2=C1 DRLFMBDRBRZALE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GNOLWGAJQVLBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,5,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2C(N(C)C)CCCC2=C1C GNOLWGAJQVLBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001543 one-way ANOVA Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003375 plant hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007198 pollen germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940108461 rennet Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 108010058314 rennet Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020254 sheep milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MSXHSNHNTORCAW-MPGIDXPLSA-M sodium;(3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].O[C@@H]1OC(C([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O MSXHSNHNTORCAW-MPGIDXPLSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000020354 squash Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013212 standard curve analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003260 vortexing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
Definitions
- the invention finds its application in the agro-ecological and agricultural field and relates in particular to the stimulation of the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the sexual reproduction of a plant is a major process in flowering plants, which results in the formation of seeds or fruits.
- This sexual reproduction is characterized by the meeting of the male gametes of a plant (present in the grain of pollen) and the female gametes of a plant (ovules). It is followed by several consecutive biological processes such as fruit set, fruit/seed growth which is characterized by cell division and expansion events, and then by grain and/or fruit ripening.
- the first stage of sexual reproduction is the landing of a grain of pollen on the pistil of a plant.
- the pollen grain or male gamete is generated by the anthers located at the ends of the stamens of plants. This grain of pollen will be transported by the wind or by pollinating insects at the end of the pistil of a plant, namely on the stigma.
- the female gamete of the plant being located at the base of the pistil, the pollen grain will germinate on the stigma, form a pollen tube which will engage in the pistil and progress there by lengthening to the level of the female gamete. also called egg.
- This process results in the meeting of the pollen grain and the ovum, allowing the fertilization, or sexual reproduction of the plant.
- the germination of the pollen grain and the growth of the pollen tube correspond to the progamic phase. In flowering plants, this phase proceeds relatively quickly (6 to 24 hours on average; some species of flowering plants may have a longer progamic phase).
- the germination of the pollen grain (hydration of the grain following landing on the end of a stigma, then emergence of the pollen tube) can take place in half an hour to a few hours.
- the ensuing elongation of the pollen tube is characterized by polarized growth, massive secretion of cell wall materials, such as pectins, as well as the synthesis of callose plugs in their walls.
- One of the solutions for promoting the germination of a pollen grain is to select new species, which are for example tolerant to thermal stress induced by cold or by heat and which can thus carry out the stages of sexual reproduction, regardless of the outside temperature. This has been achieved in particular for rice [6], tomato [7], chickpea [8], bean [9] or groundnut [10].
- Another possibility is to apply compounds to pollen grains in order to stimulate the sexual reproduction of plants, for example by stimulating the germination of pollen grains and by promoting the growth of the pollen tube.
- the use of 24-epibrassinolide (a type of brassinosteroid, a natural plant hormone) or melatonin on tomato pollen grains has been shown to promote pollen grain germination and pollen tube growth.
- the invention is located, which meets a need for new technical solutions for stimulating the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or for stimulating the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- acid whey makes it possible to stimulate the germination of a grain of pollen from a plant and/or stimulating elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the invention relates to the use of an acid whey in liquid form to stimulate the germination of a grain of pollen from a plant and/or to stimulate the elongation of the pollen tube of said grain. pollen.
- the invention relates to a method for stimulating the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or for stimulating the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain, in which an acid whey under liquid form is applied to the plant in an amount sufficient to stimulate the germination of the pollen grain and/or to stimulate the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising (i) an acid whey and (ii) a brown seaweed extract.
- the term “acid whey” designates the product resulting from the coagulation of milk by acidification (also called “whey”).
- the acid whey can be obtained by a process comprising the following stages: stage of coagulation of the milk by acidification, followed by a stage of separation of the following two by-products (i) the curd and (ii) the acid whey (solid separation -liquid), optionally followed by a step of microfiltration and/or concentration of the acid whey.
- the milk coagulation step can be carried out by the action of enzymes (such as the addition of rennet).
- the acidification can be obtained by means of lactic acid bacteria or by adding a chemical additive, such as chymosin, cyprosin and/or cardosin.
- the acidification is obtained at means of lactic acid bacteria.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the by-products obtained from milk, including whey.
- the acid whey can be obtained from any milk, preferably from cow's milk, goat's milk, and/or sheep's milk, more preferably from of cow's milk.
- the acid whey has a pH ranging from 3.5 to 5, more preferably from 4 to 5, for example approximately 4.5.
- Acid whey can consist of more than 90% water, approximately 5% lactose, less than 1% protein (such as lactoglobulins, albumins, lactoferrins, caseinomacropeptides), less than 1% soluble mineral salts, less than 1% lactic acid and less than 0.1% fat.
- the preparation of an acid whey can comprise a drying step, in order to obtain an acid whey in powder form.
- the acid whey in powder form can then be mixed with a solvent, for example water, before use.
- a solvent for example water
- an acid whey is in liquid form which allows it to be easily applied to a plant.
- sour whey is marketed in powder form.
- acid whey in a dry form can be diluted in a solvent, for example water, before being applied to a plant.
- a "sufficient amount" to stimulate the germination of a pollen grain of a plant corresponds to an amount making it possible to increase the speed and/or the frequency of germination of a pollen grain of a plant of at least 5%, advantageously at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50 %, relative to the germination of an untreated pollen grain.
- the germination frequency corresponds to the number of pollen grains of a plant having germinated relative to the total number of pollen grains present/counted, of said plant over a given period of time.
- the measurement of the speed and/or the frequency of germination of a grain of pollen can be visualized using a binocular magnifying glass or a microscope.
- a method for observing and quantifying the speed and frequency of germination of pollen grains which is implemented in the context of the present invention is detailed in Example 3.
- a "sufficient amount" to stimulate the elongation of the pollen tube of a pollen grain of a plant corresponds to an amount making it possible to increase the rate of elongation and/or the pollen tube density of a pollen grain of at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40% , at least 50% compared to a pollen tube of an untreated pollen grain.
- an amount sufficient to stimulate pollen tube elongation of a plant's pollen grain may result in increased expression of genes involved in pollen tube elongation of a pollen grain.
- callose synthase-like enzymes called "CalS” and callose synthase-like called “CalS like"
- CalS callose synthase-like enzymes
- pectin methylesterase a marker of pollen tube elongation.
- the length of the pollen tube can be determined by measuring the size of the pollen tube in pm, for example using a binocular magnifying glass or a microscope.
- Example 3 A method for measuring the elongation of the pollen tube which can be implemented within the framework of the present invention is detailed in Example 3.
- Example 3 A method for measuring the expression of the genes involved in the elongation of the pollen tube of a pollen grain of a plant which can be implemented in the context of the present invention is detailed in Example 3, and can be carried out using a PCR.
- the measurement of the number of callose plugs of the pollen tube can be carried out by microscopic observation with the aid of staining, for example with blue aniline, of the pollen tube.
- a method for measuring the number of pollen tube callose plugs is detailed in Example 3.
- brown algae extract designates the product resulting from the extraction of the contents of the cells of a brown algae.
- the brown seaweed extract can be obtained by a process comprising the following steps: mixing fresh or dry brown seaweed, preferably ground, with water, extraction (solid-liquid separation) and optionally fractionation and/or or focus.
- Brown seaweed can be easily harvested using standard methods described in the literature.
- the dry brown algae generally contains less than 5% water, preferably less than 3% water, by mass relative to the total mass of algae.
- the brown seaweed extract is advantageously obtained by extraction with an aqueous solvent or an organic solvent, for example with a aqueous solvent.
- the brown seaweed extract can be in dry form, for example in powder form, or in liquid form.
- the water in the brown seaweed extract can be eliminated in order to obtain a more or less dry or liquid brown seaweed extract, for example containing at least 1% of dry matter relative to the total mass of the brown algae extract, for example at least 10% of dry matter by mass relative to the total mass of the brown algae extract, for example at least 20% of dry matter, at least 30% of dry matter, at least 40% dry matter, at least 50% dry matter, at least 60% dry matter, at least 70% dry matter, at least 80% dry matter, at least 90% dry matter, at least 95% dry matter, preferably between 1 and 15% dry matter, for example between 3.5 and 5% dry matter.
- the extract may optionally be ultrafiltered in order to obtain a fraction exhibiting improved activity compared to the non-ultrafiltered brown seaweed extract.
- the brown seaweed extract is in liquid form in order to be able to be easily applied to a plant.
- the brown seaweed extract in dry form can be diluted in a solvent, for example water, before being applied to a plant.
- a brown seaweed extract can be obtained by implementing the method described in Example 1.
- the brown seaweed extract is chosen from an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum, an extract of Fucus serratus, a Fucus vesiculosus extract, Laminaria hyperborea extract, Laminaria saccharina extract, Laminaria digitata extract, Laminaria japonica extract, Eckionia maxima extract, Macrocystis pyrifera extract, Himanthaiia eiongata extract or Sargassum spp, more preferably an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum.
- sucrose corresponds to the sweet compound called a-D-glucopyranosyl-(12)-/3-D-fructofuranoside (IUPAC name).
- Sucrose notably has the following CAS number: 57-50-1.
- Sucrose can for example be extracted from plants, such as sugar cane or beets.
- the sucrose can be in dry form, for example in the form of white or brown sugar, or in liquid form, for example in the form of syrup.
- the sucrose is in liquid form in order to be able to easily apply said extract to a plant.
- sucrose in dry form can be diluted in a solvent, for example water, before being applied to a plant.
- fertilizer designates a substance, or a mixture of substances, natural or of synthetic origin, used in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, to improve the soil, in particular its structure, and to fertilize cultivated plants. Fertilizers include fertilizers and amendments.
- fertilizer designates fertilizing materials whose main function is to provide plants with elements that are directly useful for their nutrition and their growth (major fertilizing elements, secondary fertilizing elements and trace elements).
- the present invention stems from the surprising advantages demonstrated by the inventors of the effect of an acid whey on the germination of a grain of pollen from a plant and/or the elongation of the pollen tube of said grain of pollen.
- the invention indeed relates to the use of an acid whey in liquid form to stimulate the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or to stimulate the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the invention also relates to a method for stimulating the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or for stimulating the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain, in which an acid whey in liquid form is applied to the plant in an amount sufficient to stimulate the germination of the pollen grain and/or to stimulate the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the acid whey makes it possible to stimulate the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the acid whey makes it possible to increase the rate of elongation of the pollen tube by at least 5%, advantageously by at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50% compared to an untreated pollen grain with acid whey.
- the acid whey is applied to the plant at an outside temperature ranging from 5 to 25° C., preferably from 8 to 22° C., for example 8° C., 13° C. or 22°C.
- the acid whey will make it possible to accelerate the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and the elongation of the pollen tube of said grain. pollen. This will notably improve the yield of the crops and increase the number of seeds and fruits of the plant, while the plant is subjected to an outside temperature that can cause damage to the germination process.
- the plant is in a heat stress condition.
- the plant is subject to heat stress.
- a temperature inducing heat stress depends on the species of the plant considered.
- heat stress can be induced by a temperature ranging from 5 to 20°C, for example from 7 to 18°C, for example from 8 to 13°C.
- heat stress can be induced by a temperature ranging from 7 to 16°C.
- heat stress can be induced by a temperature ranging from 7 to 16°C.
- the application of the acid whey in liquid form to the plant is preferably carried out by spraying on the aerial parts of the plant, in particular on the aerial parts of the plant where the pistil is located (i.e. on the floral organs).
- the acid whey can be applied to the plant when it is desired to stimulate the germination of the pollen grain of said plant and/or the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- the acid whey can be applied to the plant at the time of flowering of the plant, preferably at the time of pollination or at the time of fertilization of the plant.
- the acid whey is applied to the plant at the beginning of the flowering stage (ie at the time of the appearance of the first flowers).
- the acid whey can be applied in the open field or in the open orchard by spraying the acid whey in liquid form on the plants, in particular at the level of the pistil of the flowers.
- Acid whey can be applied 2 to 8 times on the plant.
- a first application of acid whey can be carried out on a plant then a second application of acid whey can be carried out on this same plant several days or even several weeks after the first application, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 days after the first application.
- acid whey can be applied 4-8 times over a total period of 1-3 weeks.
- the first spraying of acid whey is carried out at the start of flowering
- the second spraying of acid whey is carried out more than 15 days after the first spraying
- a third spraying is carried out at the end of flowering. The precise moment of the applications will be chosen according to the flowering period of a given plant.
- the acid whey can be incorporated into a composition.
- a composition then takes the form liquid.
- sour whey is mixed with an aqueous solvent, such as water.
- the preparation of such a composition can be carried out using the general knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
- the acid whey content of the composition may be between 0.5% and 25% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition, preferably between 1% and 10%, more preferably between 1% and 5%, for example 1.5% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition.
- the acid whey can be applied to the plant in variable amounts according to the needs of the plant, for example in an amount ranging from 0.001 L/ha to 15 L/ha, preferably ranging from 0.01 to 10 L / ha, more preferably ranging from 0.01 to 1 L/ha, for example ranging from 0.01 L/ha to 0.1 L/ha, for example from 0.03 L/ha.
- composition containing the acid whey can be applied to the plant in variable amounts depending on the needs of the plant, for example in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 15 L / ha, more preferably ranging from 1 to 10 L/ha, more preferably ranging from 1 to 5 L/ha, for example 2 L/ha.
- the present invention finds application in the treatment of a very wide variety of plants, preferably flowering plants, such as those chosen from angiosperms and gymnosperms, in particular leguminous plants, cereal plants, trees fruit trees, oleaginous plants.
- the flowering plants are chosen from (i) dicots such as Solanaceae (eg tobacco, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant), Chenopodiaceae (eg sugar beets), Fabaceae (eg soya, peas, alfalfa), cucurbits (e.g. melon, watermelon, cucumber, squash) crucifers or brassicas (e.g. rapeseed, mustard), composites (e.g.
- Solanaceae eg tobacco, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant
- Chenopodiaceae eg sugar beets
- Fabaceae eg soya, peas, alfalfa
- cucurbits e.g. melon, watermel
- the flowering plants are chosen from tomatoes and vines.
- the acid whey can be applied in combination with sucrose and/or in combination with a brown seaweed extract.
- the acid whey can be applied in association with an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum.
- the acid whey can be applied in combination with sucrose and an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum.
- Brown seaweed extract and/or sucrose are also applied in liquid form.
- the sucrose can be applied to the plant concomitantly, before or after the application of the acid whey, preferably concomitantly with the application of the acid whey.
- the brown seaweed extract can be applied to the plant concomitantly, before or after the application of the acid whey, preferably concomitantly with the application of the acid whey.
- brown seaweed extract and/or sucrose can be applied to the plant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 days, before or after the application of acid whey.
- the acid whey is applied to the plant concomitantly with the sucrose, then the brown seaweed extract is applied to the plant, for example a few days later.
- the acid whey, the sucrose and the brown seaweed extract are applied concomitantly to the plant.
- the sucrose and/or the brown seaweed extract are preferably also applied to the plant at the time of flowering of the plant, preferably at the time of pollination or at the time of fertilization.
- the sucrose and/or the brown algae extract are preferably also applied by spraying, in particular on the aerial parts of the plant where are the pistil.
- composition according to the invention When the acid whey is applied concomitantly with the sucrose and/or with the brown seaweed extract, they can be incorporated directly into the same composition.
- a composition is in particular described in the “composition according to the invention” section.
- the brown algae extract can be applied to the plant in variable amounts depending on the needs of the plant, for example in an amount ranging from 0.001 L/ha to 15 L/ha, preferably ranging from 0.001 L/ha to 15 L/ha, preferably ranging from 0. 01 to 10 L/ha, more preferably ranging from 0.01 to 1 L/ha, for example ranging from 0.01 L/ha to 0.05 L/ha, for example from 0.02 L/ha or from 0.03 L/ha.
- the sucrose can be applied to the plant in variable amounts depending on the needs of the plant, for example in an amount ranging from 0.001 L/ha to 15 L/ha, preferably ranging from 0.01 to 10 L/ha. ha, more preferably ranging from 0.01 to 1 L/ha, for example ranging from 0.01 L/ha to 0.1 L/ha, for example from 0.02 L/ha.
- the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising (i) an acid whey and (ii) a brown seaweed extract.
- the composition according to the invention comprises (i) an acid whey and (ii) an extract of Ascophyllum nosodum.
- composition according to the invention may also comprise (iii) sucrose.
- sucrose a composition according to the invention comprises (i) an acid whey, (ii) an extract of scophyllum nosodum and (iii) sucrose.
- the acid whey content of the composition according to the invention may be between 0.5% and 25% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition, preferably between 1% and 10% by dry weight, more preferably between 1% and 5% by dry weight, for example 1.5% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition.
- the brown seaweed extract content of the composition according to the invention may be between 0.5% and 25% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition, preferably between 1% and 10% by dry weight, more preferably between 0.5% and 5%, for example between 0.5% and 2% by dry weight, for example between 1% and 1.5% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition .
- the sucrose content of the composition according to the invention may be between 0.5% and 25% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition, preferably between 1% and 10% by dry weight, of more preferably between 1 and 5% by dry weight, for example 1% by dry weight relative to the dry weight of the composition.
- the mass ratio by dry weight between the brown seaweed extract and the acid whey can be between 0.02 and 50, preferably between 0.1 and 10, more preferably between 0.1 and 5, for example between 0.5 and 1.
- the mass ratio by dry weight between the sucrose and the acid whey can be between 0.02 and 50, preferentially between 0.1 and 10, more preferentially between 0.2 and 5, for example between 0.6 and 0.7.
- composition according to the invention comprises:
- composition according to the invention comprises:
- the composition according to the invention can be in dry form (for example in powder form) or in liquid form.
- the composition is preferably in liquid form so that it can be applied directly to the flowering plant.
- the composition according to the invention is in powder form and is mixed with a solvent, such as water, before being applied to the flowering plant.
- a solvent such as water
- composition according to the invention can be used to stimulate the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or the elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain. This will, among other things, improve crop yield and increase the number of seeds and fruits of a plant.
- composition according to the invention can also be used for the implementation of a method making it possible to stimulate the germination of a pollen grain of a plant and/or to stimulate the elongation of the pollen tube of said grain. pollen, wherein said composition according to the invention is applied to the plant in an amount sufficient to stimulate germination of the pollen grain and/or to stimulate elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain, and wherein the composition is in liquid form.
- the characteristics of the use and of the method described in the “use and method” part are applicable to the use of the composition according to the invention or to the composition according to the invention for the implementation of the method.
- composition according to the invention comprises a sufficient quantity of (i) acid whey, (ii) brown seaweed extract and, optionally (iii) sucrose, to have an effect on the stimulation of germination of the pollen grain and/or elongation of the pollen tube of said pollen grain.
- composition according to the invention can be applied to the plant in variable amounts depending on the needs of the treated plant, for example in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 15 L / ha, more preferably ranging from 1 to 10 L/ha, more preferably ranging from 1 to 5 L/ha, for example 2 L/ha.
- the composition according to the invention may also comprise (iv) a fertiliser, preferably a fertiliser.
- a fertiliser preferably a fertiliser.
- the composition can comprise one or more fertilizers.
- the fertilizer can be one or more substances chosen from urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, phosphate, phosphate salts, potassium chloride, magnesium nitrate, nitrate manganese, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid, potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate, calcium sulphate, calcium chloride and boric acid.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of the transformation of raw milk into various by-products, including whey.
- Figure 2 represents the percentage of viable pollen tube over time according to the treatments applied (LAA solution + sucrose or control solution).
- Figures 2 A, 2 B and 2 C show the percentage of viable pollen tube over time according to the treatments applied (LAA solution + sucrose or control solution) at a temperature of 8°C, 13°C and 22°C respectively.
- Figures 2 D, 2 E, 2 F, 2 G, 2 H, 2 I show the images of the emergence of viable pollen tubes over time in the control condition (left column) and in the LAA + sucrose condition (right column) at temperatures of 8°C, 13°C and 22°C respectively.
- Figure 3 represents the density and the length of the pollen tube in micrometres (pm) according to the treatments applied (LAA solution + sucrose or control solution) after 4 hours.
- Figures 3 A, 3 B and 3 C show the length of the pollen tube in micrometres (pm) according to the treatments applied (LAA solution + sucrose or control solution) at a temperature of 8°C, 13°C and 22°C respectively.
- Figure 4 represents the percentage of pollen tubes having from 0 to 6 callose plugs depending on the treatments applied (LAA solution + sucrose or control solution) at a temperature of 8°C, 13°C and 22°C respectively.
- Figures 4 A, 4 B and 4 C show images of pollen grains and pollen tubes in control condition at a temperature of 8°C, 13°C and 22°C respectively, and indicate the presence of callose plugs by an arrowhead.
- Figures 4 D, 4 E and 4 F show images of pollen grains and pollen tubes in LAA + sucrose condition at a temperature of 8°C, 13°C and 22°C respectively, and indicate the presence of pollen plugs. callose by an arrowhead.
- FIG. 5 shows the relative expression of four CalS genes as a function of the treatments applied (LAA solution + sucrose or control solution) and at a temperature of 8° C., 13° C. and 22° C. respectively.
- the upper left graph shows the expression of the Solyc01g006370.3 gene.
- the bottom left graph shows the expression of the Solyc01g73750.3 gene.
- the upper right graph shows the expression of the Solycllg005985.1 gene.
- the bottom right graph shows the expression of the Solycllg005980.2 gene.
- Figure 6 represents the percentage of fruit set (ie the number of fruits formed) in apricot trees having been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA + sucrose solution or a control treatment based on water.
- Figure 7 represents the average weight of the apricots at harvest, in apricot trees having been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA+sucrose solution or a control treatment based on water.
- Figure 8 represents the yield of apricots at harvest, in apricot trees having been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA+sucrose solution or a control treatment based on water.
- Figure 9 represents the number of grapevine clusters in vines having been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA + sucrose solution or a control treatment based on water.
- Figure 10 represents the yield of the berries at harvest, in vines having been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA+sucrose solution or a control treatment based on water.
- Figure 11 represents the number of fruit obtained per plot, at harvest in pear trees having been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA + sucrose solution, a treatment based on an LAA + sucrose solution + Ascophyllum Nodosum seaweed extract or a water-based control treatment.
- Figure 12 represents the average fruit weight at harvest in pear trees which have been treated by foliar spraying with a treatment based on an LAA + sucrose solution, a treatment based on an LAA + sucrose + extract of seaweed Ascophyllum Nodosum or a water-based control treatment.
- Example 1 Preparation of an extract of brown seaweed of the Ascophyllum Nodosum type
- Step 1 Washing.
- the algae thus washed were drained and then dried either in an oven with air renewal or in a tunnel oven in order to obtain a humidity level of approximately 10%.
- Step 3 Grinding.
- the dry seaweed was then ground into a powder with a particle size between 250 and 600 ⁇ m.
- the soluble extract was freed from algae fragments by centrifugation or by decantation/filtration on a diatomaceous earth filter or a plate filter.
- Step 6 Storage. To bacteriologically stabilize the extract, 0.1% sodium benzoate and 0.1% potassium sorbate were added with stirring and the pH of the extract was raised to 3.5 with a solution of 30% NaOH.
- the concentrated liquid extract thus obtained comprises between 3.5 and 5% by weight of dry extract (namely 35 to 50 g of dry matter per liter of concentrated extract).
- the concentrated extract thus obtained corresponds to the extract used in the examples below.
- Example 2 Preparation of a composition according to the invention comprising acid whey and an extract of brown alaue of the Ascoohyllum Nodosum type
- sucrose in powder and solid form
- Example 2 300 mL of a concentrated extract of brown seaweed of the Ascophyllum nodosum type (comprising from 3.5 to 5% by dry weight of an extract) obtained in Example 1 were mixed with the solution of 100 mL of acid whey and 100 mL of sucrose solution. Water was added to obtain a final composition with a total volume of 1 liter. The final acid whey concentration is 1.5%, the final sucrose concentration is 1% and the final dry algae extract concentration is between 1 and 1.5%.
- Example 3 Effect of a solution comprising acid whey on the germination and elation of pollen grains from So / anum / vcooersicum
- Tomato plants of the So/anum/ycopersicum type (cerasiforme seed variety 'es Virginia 106') were sown 1 cm below the surface of the sterilized soil and cultivated in a growth chamber. The plants were grown under optimal conditions with cycles of 16 hours of light at a temperature of 25°C and 8 hours of darkness at a temperature of 22°C. The relative humidity was maintained at 60%, and the plants were watered every 2 days. At flowering, the flowers were harvested to collect the pollen grains.
- the pollen grains were collected from freshly dehiscent anthers.
- the stamens of five flowers were immersed in 5 mL of BK medium [1.62 mM H3BO3, 1.25 mM Ca(NO3)2, 4H2O, 2.97 mM KNO3 and 1.65 mM MgSCh, 7H2O] containing 10% (w/v) sucrose (Brewbaker and Kwack, 1963).
- Pollen grains were suspended in BK medium by vortexing and the stamens were removed with tweezers.
- Tomato pollen tubes were grown in 24-well plates (from ThermoFisher), in the dark, without shaking, at several temperatures: 8, 13, 22°C. Observations were made after 2, 4 and 6 h of growth. A pollen grain was considered germinated when the length of the pollen tube exceeded the diameter of the pollen grain.
- Treatments applied The following treatments were added to the pollen grain and/or pollen tube culture medium:
- LAA + sucrose a solution of acid whey and sucrose prepared according to the method described above.
- the LAA + sucrose solution was diluted with milli-Q water to reach a final acidic whey concentration of 2 ⁇ g/mL of BK medium.
- a Leica DMI 6000B inverted microscope equipped with the Leica DFC 450 camera was used to observe the evolution over time of the germination of the pollen grains and the elongation of the pollen tube.
- the deposition of callose plugs was observed under epi-fluorescence using a 405 nm absorption filter and a 523 nm emission filter.
- ImageJ program [11] was used to measure pollen tube germination rate, pollen tube elongation, number of callose plugs.
- the data correspond to the mean of 6 biological replicates carried out on different dates. Significant differences between control and treatment were determined by one-way ANOVA method followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Data are marked with different letters when they differ from control conditions (P value ⁇ 0.05). For germination, it represents between 1000 and 2000 pollen grains counted for each repetition and time points. For pollen tube length, the number of measurements ranged from 80 to 120 pollen tubes observed for each replicate.
- Figure 2 shows the effect of temperature and treatments on pollen tube morphology and viability.
- the treatment with the LAA + sucrose solution had positive effects on the number of pollen tubes, at 2, 4 and 6 h of culture (figure 2B) at the temperature of 13°C.
- the treatment with the LAA + sucrose solution allowed the germination of 46% of the pollen grains.
- the density graph of the length of the pollen tubes after 4 h at the temperatures of 8, 13 and 22° C. shows the effect of the treatment with the LAA+sucrose solution on the elongation of the pollen tube.
- the pollen tube has a length of 100 ⁇ m for the control, 150 ⁇ m when they are treated with the LAA+sucrose solution (FIG. 3A).
- the pollen tube had a length of 120 ⁇ m for the control, and was significantly larger when treated with the LAA + sucrose solution with a length of 150 ⁇ m ( Figure 3B).
- the pollen tube has a length of 280 pm for the control, and was significantly higher when treated with the LAA + sucrose solution with a length of 300 pm ( Figure 3C).
- the pollen tubes were fixed after a culture period corresponding to 4 times the period necessary to obtain 50% of the highest germination rate of the control at each temperature tested (Table 4).
- the fixation medium 100 mM PIPES, 4 mM MgSO4, 7 H2O, 4 mM EGTA, 10% (w/v) sucrose and 5% (v/v) paraformaldehyde at pH 7.5
- the pollen tubes were centrifuged at 4000 g for 7 min. The pellet was resuspended in 250 ⁇ l of fresh BK medium.
- DAB bleached aniline blue
- FIG. 4 shows the number of callose plugs formed as a function of the treatments applied.
- the number of callose plugs is higher when treated with LAA + sucrose solution.
- the percentage of pollen tube showing more than 3 callose plugs was 40% and the percentage of pollen tube showing more than 4 callose plugs was 18%.
- the percentage of pollen tube showing more than 3 callose plugs was 35% and the percentage of pollen tube showing more than 4 callose plugs was 8%.
- the BK germination medium was removed from the pollen grain culture after centrifugation and replaced with 1 ml NucleoZOL (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany). The pollen tubes were then flux-reflux split and vortexed. Total RNA extraction was performed using Nucleospin® RNA from the NucleoZOL kit following the manufacturer's protocol (Macherey-Nagel, Düren, Germany).
- RNA quality of the extracted RNA was checked in 4200 Tapestation (Agilent Technologies, CA, USA), followed by DNase treatment (Turbo DNA-free® kit) and cDNA synthesis from 1 pg d RNA, using iScriptTM gDNA Clear cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad, CA, USA IS). Diluted cDNA samples were used to study gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR (CFX384 TouchTM, Bio-Rad, CA, USA) in a total volume of 10 ⁇ l using “SoAdvanced Universal SYBR Green” technology. Supermix” (Bio- Rad, CA, USA).
- All qPCR reactions were performed in triplicate technique using independent cDNA reactions for each of six biological replicates and 300 nM gene-specific primer pairs.
- the thermal cycling protocol included a single polymerase activation step at 98°C for 3 min followed by 40 cycles of amplification, a final extension step at 72°C for 5 min also as curve analysis. merger.
- Each amplification cycle included a denaturation step at 98°C for 15 s, a primer annealing step for 30 s, and a brief extension at 72°C for 15 s.
- primer efficiency was determined by performing standard curve analysis using serial dilutions. Expression data was acquired and analyzed using CFX Maestro version 1.1 software (Bio-Rad, CA, USA). Specific primers for all candidate and reference genes are listed in Table 5.
- the effect of the cold stresses was not accompanied by strong variations in the expression of the C/S genes in the control condition.
- the results presented in FIG. 5 show a variation in the expression of the CalS genes compared with the control condition when the LAA+sucrose solution was applied, whatever the temperature. In particular, an increase in the expression of the So/yc01g006370.3 gene is observed.
- the use of the LAA + sucrose solution on the pollen grains and the pollen tubes made it possible to globally increase the expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of callose at different external temperatures, in particular the genes coding for the callose synthase CalS and callose synthase-like CalS like enzymes.
- Example 4 Demonstration of the effects of the use of acid whey on apricot trees
- the test took place on a plot of apricot trees planted in 2007 (Prunus armeniaca, variety Mele Cot). This test aims to demonstrate the effect of acid whey on fruit development, particularly during fruit set, the initial phase of fruit formation. Harvest yield was measured.
- LAA + sucrose solution 15 g of acid whey in powder form was dissolved in 1 L of water and mixed with 10 g of sucrose in powder form (i.e. a solution comprising 1.5 % by dry weight of acid whey and 1% by dry weight of sucrose relative to the total weight of the solution).
- sucrose in powder form i.e. a solution comprising 1.5 % by dry weight of acid whey and 1% by dry weight of sucrose relative to the total weight of the solution.
- Three applications of the LAA + sucrose solution at a concentration of 2 L/ha were carried out at the BBCH 59, 64 and 69 phenological stage of the trees.
- the apricot trees were treated with a usual phytosanitary treatment to prevent the destruction of the harvest by parasites.
- the percentage of fruit set (ie the number of fruits formed) was calculated for each of the two treatments.
- the results obtained are presented in Figure 6.
- the results show that when the LAA + sucrose solution was applied, the percentage of fruit set determined at BBCH 73 increased, going from 6.9% for the control condition to 8.5% for the LAA + sucrose solution.
- the average weight of the apricots at harvest was calculated for each of the two treatments.
- the results obtained are presented in Figure 7.
- the results show that when the LAA + sucrose solution is applied, the average weight of the apricots at harvest determined at BBCH 99 increased, going from 58 grams for the control condition to 70 grams for the LAA+ sucrose solution.
- Example 5 Demonstration of the effects of the use of acid whey on the vine
- LAA + sucrose solution 15 g of acid whey in powder form was dissolved in 1 L of water and mixed with 10 g of sucrose in powder form (i.e. a solution comprising 1.5 % by dry weight of acid whey and 1% by dry weight of sucrose relative to the total weight of the solution).
- sucrose in powder form i.e. a solution comprising 1.5 % by dry weight of acid whey and 1% by dry weight of sucrose relative to the total weight of the solution.
- Three applications of the LAA + sucrose solution at a concentration of 2 L/ha were carried out at the BBCH 59, 64 and 69 phenological stage of the vines.
- the grape clusters and berries were then harvested at stage 99.
- the yield of the berries at harvest was determined for each of the two programs. The results obtained are presented in Figure 10. They show that in the control, the yield of berries per plot was 53.98 kg (i.e. 15.93 tonnes per hectare). When the LAA + sucrose solution was applied, the yield per plot was 54.68 kg (or 16.140 tonnes per hectare).
- Example 6 Demonstration of the use of acid whey in combination with an extract of Ascoohyllum nodosum on pear trees.
- pear tree Pyrus communis, variety Concordé The test took place on a plot of pear trees planted in 2003 (pear tree Pyrus communis, variety Concordé). This trial aims to demonstrate the effect of acid whey in combination with an extract of Ascophyiium nodosum on pear yield and quality.
- LAA + sucrose solution 15 g of acid whey in powder form was dissolved in 1 L of water and mixed with 10 g of sucrose in powder form (i.e. a solution comprising 1.5 % by dry weight of acid whey and 1% by dry weight of sucrose relative to the total weight of the solution).
- sucrose in powder form i.e. a solution comprising 1.5 % by dry weight of acid whey and 1% by dry weight of sucrose relative to the total weight of the solution.
- Three applications of the LAA + sucrose solution at a concentration of 2 L/ha were carried out at the BBCH 59, 64 and 69 phenological stage of the trees.
- LAA+sucrose+seaweed solution which corresponds to the solution of Example 2 was applied.
- the pear trees were treated with a usual phytosanitary treatment to prevent the destruction of the harvest by parasites.
- the pears were then harvested at BBCH99.
- the average fruit weight at harvest was determined for each of the three treatments. The results obtained are presented in Figure 12. They show that in the control condition, the average weight of a fruit was 116.47 grams. When the LAA + sucrose solution was applied, the average fruit weight was then 117.58 grams. Finally, when the 'Ascophyllum Nodosum extract was added with the LAA + sucrose solution, the average weight of a fruit was 131.77 grams. This clearly demonstrates the synergistic effect of the combination of acid whey with an extract of Ascophyllum Nodosum on fruit weight at harvest.
- IPCC 2014 Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2018
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CA3226953A CA3226953A1 (fr) | 2021-08-06 | 2022-08-05 | Utilisation d'un lactoserum acide pour stimuler la germination d'un grain de pollen d'une plante |
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Title |
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"Extra Concentrated Brightening Essence", MINTEL, GNPD, 1 April 2008 (2008-04-01), XP002610976 * |
CAS , no. 57-50-1 |
ISHWAR SINGH ET AL: "Physiological and Molecular Effects of 24-Epibrassinolide, a Brassinosteroid on Thermotolerance of Tomato", PLANT GROWTH REGULATION, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS, DO, vol. 47, no. 2-3, 1 November 2005 (2005-11-01), pages 111 - 119, XP019243657, ISSN: 1573-5087, DOI: 10.1007/S10725-005-3252-0 * |
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