WO2023011034A1 - 双向通气结构及可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置 - Google Patents

双向通气结构及可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置 Download PDF

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WO2023011034A1
WO2023011034A1 PCT/CN2022/100835 CN2022100835W WO2023011034A1 WO 2023011034 A1 WO2023011034 A1 WO 2023011034A1 CN 2022100835 W CN2022100835 W CN 2022100835W WO 2023011034 A1 WO2023011034 A1 WO 2023011034A1
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ventilation
pipeline
air
valve
convection
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PCT/CN2022/100835
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English (en)
French (fr)
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田鸣
白俠路
丁滔
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北京鸣达舒医疗科技有限公司
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/201—Controlled valves
    • A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
    • A61M16/203—Proportional
    • A61M16/204—Proportional used for inhalation control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/20—Valves specially adapted to medical respiratory devices
    • A61M16/201—Controlled valves
    • A61M16/202—Controlled valves electrically actuated
    • A61M16/203—Proportional
    • A61M16/205—Proportional used for exhalation control
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M2016/102—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas
    • A61M2016/1025—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas the O2 concentration

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a two-way ventilation structure and an oxygen supply device with the structure which can adjust the concentration of inhaled oxygen.
  • Hypoxemia refers to the lack of oxygen in the blood, mainly manifested as a decrease in arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), usually due to airway obstruction, respiratory depression, lung disease, etc.
  • Oxygen supply is an effective means to prevent its occurrence.
  • painless technology is widely used in clinical practice. Due to its good sedation and analgesia, it improves the completion rate and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, and meets people’s needs for comfortable medical care. It has been accepted by most examinees and medical workers. The most common painless technique in the endoscopy room or day operating room is deep sedation and general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing preserved.
  • a patent document whose publication number is CN111135413A discloses a kind of airtight oxygen inhaler, which is provided with an air storage bag and a mouth and nose mask, and the proportion of the external air mixed by the proportional control valve comprising a valve and a baffle adjustment, but this technical solution still has certain deficiencies in actual use:
  • This rotary valve baffle structure is relatively complicated to manufacture, which is not conducive to large-scale industrial production;
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a two-way ventilation structure and an oxygen supply device capable of adjusting the concentration of inhaled oxygen.
  • a two-way ventilation structure including a ventilation valve mechanism, the ventilation valve mechanism is arranged on the pipe wall of the ventilation pipeline, and the ventilation valve mechanism is used to maintain the two-way gas circulation inside and outside the ventilation pipeline and the internal pressure of the ventilation pipeline is greater than Expands the airflow path from the vent line to the outside when external pressure is applied.
  • the ventilation valve mechanism includes a first air hole, a convection passage and a valve body installed in the first air hole, the valve body can be opened to the outside when the internal pressure of the ventilation pipeline is greater than the external pressure, and the convection passage can maintain Two-way gas flow inside and outside the ventilation line and its ventilation capacity can be adjusted.
  • the valve body includes a valve column slidably installed in the first air hole and a ventilation valve plate arranged on the valve column, and a stopper is arranged on the valve column to prevent the valve column from slipping from the first air hole.
  • the convection passage includes a gap remaining between the ventilation valve plate and the first air hole.
  • the convection passage includes a convection hole arranged on the ventilation pipeline.
  • a regulating valve plate is installed on the convection hole, and the ventilation area of convection can be changed by regulating the valve plate.
  • the two-way ventilation structure also includes a sleeve, the sleeve is rotatably fitted on the ventilation pipeline, the sleeve is provided with a convection outer hole matching the convection hole, and the difference between the convection outer hole and the convection hole can be changed by rotating the sleeve. the intercommunicating area.
  • An oxygen supply device comprising a gas delivery tube, the gas delivery tube includes an inspiratory pipeline and an exhalation pipeline, characterized in that: the exhalation pipeline is provided with a two-way ventilation structure, and the inspiratory pipeline is provided with a suction pipeline.
  • the air one-way valve mechanism is used to control the one-way gas flow from the inhalation pipeline to the exhalation pipeline.
  • It also includes a gas storage part, which is connected with the suction pipeline and can communicate with the suction pipeline.
  • a partition is arranged in the suction pipeline, and the partition divides the suction pipeline into an air intake passage and an air outlet passage, and an air intake pipe is connected to the air intake passage.
  • the inhalation one-way valve mechanism includes an air hole cover and an inhalation valve sheet, the air hole cover is installed on one end of the inhalation pipeline close to the exhalation pipeline, the air hole cover is provided with a second air hole and the air hole cover will The air intake path is blocked to prevent the gas in the air intake path from flowing to the exhalation pipeline.
  • the inhalation valve plate is installed on the air hole cover, and the inhalation valve plate completely covers the second air hole and can be in the air outlet path. Opens when the pressure is greater than the pressure in the exhalation circuit.
  • the oxygen supply device of the present invention is provided with two pipelines, an inhalation pipeline and an exhalation pipeline, and the inhalation valve and the exhalation valve are respectively responsible for the gas circulation of inhalation and exhalation.
  • the adjustment of the inhaled oxygen concentration is realized by adjusting the convection path of the two-way ventilation structure on the wall of the exhalation pipeline, which is simpler and more reasonable than the Venturi principle, making the overall pipeline more compact, reducing the dead space, and improving Ventilation and oxygen supply effects, at the same time, this structure also allows one end of the ventilation structure to be set, for example, with a 15mm standard conical interface, which can be connected to various oxygen supply devices with standard connectors, such as face masks, nasal masks, and other breathing circuits, etc. , significantly expanding the scope of clinical application.
  • the ventilation valve mechanism of the two-way ventilation structure of the present invention can maintain the two-way gas circulation inside and outside the ventilation pipeline, so that when using an oxygen supply device comprising such a two-way ventilation structure, the oxygen in the suction pipeline can be inhaled during inhalation. As it enters the exhalation circuit, external air also enters the exhalation circuit.
  • the ventilation capacity of the ventilation valve mechanism of the two-way ventilation structure of the present invention can be adjusted, so that the oxygen supply device comprising such a two-way ventilation structure can provide oxygen concentrations in the range of, for example, 21% to nearly 100%, and thus can be adjusted according to clinical needs. Adjust the oxygen concentration in the patient's inhaled gas to a reasonable range.
  • the above-mentioned oxygen supply device can not only provide a relatively high oxygen concentration (such as an oxygen concentration as high as 90% or even close to 100%) under conditions such as hypoxemia, but also provide a safe range under the condition of long-term oxygen therapy.
  • Oxygen concentration eg 50-60% oxygen concentration).
  • the two-way ventilation structure and the oxygen supply device of the present invention are simple in structure and easy to manufacture.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the two-way ventilation structure when the transverse gap is retained in embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the two-way ventilation structure when the transverse gap is retained in embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the two-way ventilation structure when the longitudinal gap is retained in embodiment 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of cooperation between the first air hole and the ventilating valve plate in an arc-shaped state
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the two-way ventilation structure in embodiment 2;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the two-way ventilation structure in embodiment 3;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a two-way ventilation structure in Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of the structure of the positioning part of the circle in the accompanying drawing 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the oxygen supply device.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the suction pipeline in the oxygen supply device
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic side view of the inhalation pipeline in the oxygen supply device.
  • the present invention proposes a two-way ventilation structure, including a ventilation valve mechanism, the ventilation valve mechanism is arranged on the pipe wall of the ventilation pipeline, and the way of setting can be integrated, or it can be installed
  • the structure or external connectors are connected; the ventilation valve mechanism can maintain the ability of gas convection between the inside and outside of the ventilation pipeline, and expand the airflow path from the ventilation pipeline to the outside when the pressure inside the ventilation pipeline is greater than the external pressure. This allows the airflow inside the ventilation line to quickly escape to the outside.
  • the ventilation valve mechanism includes a first air hole 1, a convection passage, and a valve body 3 installed in the first air hole 1, wherein the valve body 3 can be opened to the outside when the internal pressure of the ventilation pipeline is greater than the external pressure , so that the gas inside the ventilation pipeline flows to the outside, and the convection path can always have convection capacity inside and outside the ventilation pipeline, and in some examples, the ventilation capacity of the convection path can be adjusted.
  • the first air hole 1 may be, but not limited to, a cross-shaped air hole.
  • a mounting hole 20 is opened in the center of the first air hole 1.
  • the valve body 3 includes a valve column 4 and a vent valve plate 5. The valve column 4 Then, it is slidably inserted into the installation hole 20 .
  • the diameter of the spool 4 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the installation hole 20 to facilitate installation and removal of the spool 4 .
  • the ventilation valve piece 5 can be, but not limited to, an annular soft material diaphragm, which is integrally formed and sleeved on the valve column 4.
  • the ventilation valve piece 5 can be bent and deformed outward, thereby enlarging the airflow path from inside to outside of the ventilation pipeline.
  • the diameter and length of the spool 4 between the stopper 6 and the valve plate 5 are slightly smaller than the installation hole 20, so that the valve body 3 can move up and down in the installation hole 20, when the internal pressure of the ventilation line is greater than the external pressure At this time, the ventilation valve plate 5 can move outwards, thereby expanding the airflow path from the inside to the outside of the ventilation pipeline.
  • a stopper 6 is also provided on the spool 4 to prevent the spool 4 from slipping from the installation hole 20. As shown in FIG. When the column 4 is inserted into the installation hole 20, the stopper 6 can penetrate through the installation hole 20 when a certain pressure is applied. Similarly, the stopper 6 can also be inserted from the installation hole 20 when a certain pulling force is applied through hole 20.
  • the convective passage includes a gap 211 remaining between the ventilation valve plate 5 and the first air hole 1, and, in some examples, the gap 211 may be due to the inability of the ventilation valve plate 5 to The ventilation part of the first air hole 1 is completely blocked, resulting in the formation of a transverse gap as shown in Figure 1 between the two; meanwhile, in some examples, the gap 211 may also be due to the fact that the ventilation valve plate 5 is not It is formed by being close to the first air hole 1 , leaving a longitudinal gap as shown in FIG. 3 between the two; in addition, in some examples, the gap 211 may also include the above-mentioned horizontal gap and the longitudinal gap at the same time.
  • valve body 3 can be taken out from the installation hole 20, it is possible to select a valve body 3 with a different ventilating valve piece 5 for use according to the needs of actual use, and to change the gap by changing the shape and specification of the ventilating valve piece 5 211, so as to adjust the ventilation capacity of the flow path.
  • the first air hole 1 is arc-shaped as a whole, and the ventilation valve plate 5 is also arc-shaped with a small arc.
  • the convection channel includes a convection hole 212, and the convection hole 212 is directly arranged on the ventilation pipeline.
  • the ventilation valve piece 5 can completely block the ventilation part of the first air hole 1, only when the pressure in the ventilation pipeline is greater than the external pressure, after the ventilation valve piece 5 is opened, the first air hole 1 has the ability to ventilate, and the ventilation valve piece 5 does not When opened, the ventilation pipeline conducts two-way gas convection between the inside and outside through the convection hole 212 directly opened on the pipe wall; in addition, in some examples, there is still a gap 211 between the ventilation valve plate 5 and the ventilation part of the first air hole 1 , that is, the gap 211 and the convection hole 212 are used as the convection passage at the same time.
  • FIG. 5 shows only one convection hole 212, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • One or more convection holes 212 can also be provided, and the size, shape, quantity, etc. of the convection holes can be set according to actual needs, and corresponding valve plates (not shown) can be set for each convection hole, by controlling each convection hole
  • the opening and closing of the ventilation pipeline further adjusts the convection capacity of the gas inside and outside the ventilation pipeline.
  • a regulating valve plate 7 is installed at the convection hole 212, and the regulating valve plate 7 can completely cover the convection hole 212 to prevent gas from entering and exiting the convection hole 212.
  • the regulating valve plate 7 can completely cover the convection hole 212 to prevent gas from entering and exiting the convection hole 212.
  • the two-way ventilation structure further includes a sleeve 8 , which is rotatably sleeved on the ventilation pipeline.
  • hole 9 so the user turns the sleeve 8, and when the convection outer hole 9 and the convection hole 212 completely overlap, the full ventilation capacity of the convection hole 212 can be released at this time; Release part of the ventilation capacity of the convection hole 212, and the user can rotate the sleeve 8 to change the overlapping area of the convection outer hole 9 and the convection hole 212, thereby adjusting the ventilation capacity of the convection hole 212; when the convection outer hole 9 and the convection hole 212 When there is no overlap at all, the convection hole 212 can be closed to prevent the circulation of gas inside and outside the ventilation pipeline.
  • the two-way ventilation structure also includes a part for positioning in cooperation with the sleeve 8.
  • the structure of the positioning part can be but not limited to a slot 21, A plurality of positioning holes 22 provided on the sleeve 8, a positioning post 23 slidably installed in the slot 21, a positioning spring 24 connected between the positioning post 23 and the end face of the slot 21, and a positioning spring 24 slidably installed in the positioning hole 22
  • the sleeve 8 needs to be rotated again, the user only needs to press the top block 25 to push the positioning post 23 out of the positioning hole 22.
  • the present invention also proposes an oxygen supply device with the above-mentioned two-way ventilation structure that can adjust the concentration of inhaled oxygen.
  • the air delivery tube 10 is divided into an inhalation pipeline 11 and an exhalation pipeline 12, and the above-mentioned two-way ventilation structure is set on the exhalation pipeline 12, and the inhalation pipeline 11 is provided with an inhalation one-way valve mechanism , can control the one-way flow of gas from the inhalation pipeline 11 to the exhalation pipeline 12.
  • oxygen enters the exhalation pipeline 12 from the inhalation pipeline 11 through the inhalation one-way valve mechanism, and then It flows out from the exhalation pipeline and finally enters the human body.
  • the two-way ventilation structure can adjust the convection capacity of the gas inside and outside the ventilation pipeline through the convection passage. Therefore, the amount of air mixed into the oxygen flow can be adjusted according to actual needs, thereby adjusting the inspiratory oxygen concentration.
  • the oxygen concentration can be adjusted within a range from 21% to approximately 100%.
  • the convection passage of the two-way ventilation structure it is possible to provide a high oxygen concentration such as up to 90% or even close to 100%, and also provide a safe range of oxygen concentration such as 50-60%.
  • the exhalation pipeline 12 can be used in connection with common devices such as nasal masks and face masks, but not limited to.
  • the inspiratory pipeline 11 and the exhalation pipeline 12 are split, and the two are connected through a socket connection, a connection structure or an external connecting piece.
  • the inhalation pipeline 11 and the exhalation pipeline 12 are integrated, and the integrated pipeline is divided into an inhalation pipeline 11 and a ventilation pipeline by setting an inhalation check valve mechanism.
  • the exhalation pipeline 12 is provided with multiple two-way ventilation structures, which are used in conjunction with each other to adjust the amount of air mixed in the exhalation tube, so that it can be in the range of, for example, 21% to nearly 100%. Oxygen concentration is adjusted internally.
  • the oxygen inhalation device also includes a gas storage part 13, the oxygen delivered by the external equipment will be stored in the gas storage part 13 first, and then sent to the inhalation pipeline 11 by the gas storage part 13, so the gas storage The part 13 needs to be connected with the inhalation pipeline 11 and external equipment.
  • the oxygen delivered by the external oxygen supply equipment is stored in the gas storage part 13. Because the oxygen needed by each person for 1 minute is one A little more, so the gas storage capacity of the gas storage part 13 is generally 1 liter or 2 liters, but it is not limited thereto.
  • the air storage element 13 may be, but not limited to, an air bag, and is connected to the suction pipeline 11 by bonding or hot rolling, but is not limited thereto.
  • a partition 14 is arranged in the suction pipeline 11, and the partition 14 divides the suction pipeline 11 into an air inlet passage 151 and an air outlet passage 152, and the air inlet passage 151 is connected with an air inlet pipe 16,
  • the external equipment can be directly connected to the intake pipe 16, and the oxygen delivered by it enters the gas storage part 13 through the intake passage 151 in the suction line 11, so that the structure can be simplified as a whole, and the gas storage part 13 No external oxygen supply equipment is needed, which reduces the volume of the overall device.
  • the inhalation one-way valve mechanism includes an air hole cover 17 and an inhalation valve sheet 18, wherein the air hole cover 17 is installed on one end of the inhalation pipeline 11 close to the exhalation pipeline 12, and the air hole cover 17 is provided with The second air hole 19, and in some examples, the air hole cover 17 blocks the intake passage 151, so that the oxygen in the intake passage 151 can only enter the air storage part 13 and cannot flow into the exhalation pipeline 12 , the inhalation valve plate 18 is installed on the air hole cover 17, the inhalation valve plate 18 can completely cover the second air hole 19 and open when the pressure in the air outlet passage 152 is greater than the pressure in the exhalation pipe, so that in the air outlet passage 152 The air flow can enter the expiratory circuit 12 .
  • the air hole cover 17 is cross-shaped, and the center of the air hole cover 17 is provided with a mushroom cap 26 , and the suction valve plate 18 is an annular soft material diaphragm, and is fitted on the mushroom cap 26 .
  • the air hole cover 17 is arc-shaped, and the corresponding suction valve sheet 18 is also arc-shaped. blockage.

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Abstract

一种双向通气结构及含有双向通气结构的可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置。双向通气结构包括通气阀门机构，通气阀门机构设置在通气管路的管壁上，用于保持通气管路内外的双向气体流通并在通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时扩大由通气管路流向外部的气流通路。含有双向通气结构的给氧装置设置有吸气管路（11）和呼气管路（12）两个管路，再通过吸气阀片（18）和呼气阀片分别负责吸气和呼气的气体流通，通过调节呼气管路（12）管壁上双向通气结构的对流通路实现对吸入氧浓度的调节，原理更加简单合理，使得管路更为紧凑，降低死腔量，提高通气和给氧效果，同时还能够连接具有标准接头的各类给氧装置，如面罩、鼻罩等，适用性更广，能够根据临床需求调节吸入气氧浓度在合理的范围。

Description

双向通气结构及可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置 技术领域
本发明属于医疗器械技术领域，尤其是一种双向通气结构及带有该结构的可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置。
背景技术
低氧血症是指血液中含氧不足,主要表现为动脉血氧分压(PaO2)与脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)下降,通常是由于气道梗阻、呼吸抑制、肺部疾病等引起通气不足或换气功能障碍所导致,供氧是预防其发生的有效手段。如今无痛技术被广泛应用于临床,由于具有良好的镇静,镇痛,提高诊疗完成率及准确率,满足人们对舒适化医疗的需求,已为大多数受检者及医务工作者所接受，而在内镜室或日间手术室最常见的无痛技术是采用保留自主呼吸的深度镇静和全身麻醉。这种镇静和麻醉最危险的情况是气道梗阻、呼吸暂停等导致的低氧血症，吸入高浓度氧是预防和治疗低氧血症的重要方法。然而，对于恢复室、病房等需要长时间氧疗的病人，又要防止过高氧浓度的吸入，以避免氧中毒的危害。所以设计一种既能满足高浓度给氧，又能调节吸入氧浓度到安全范围的可调节的供氧装置具有重要的临床意义。
在公开号为CN111135413A的一篇专利文件中公开了一种密闭吸氧器，该吸氧器设置有储气囊和口鼻罩，并通过包括阀门和挡板的比例控制阀对外部空气混入的比例进行调节，但是该技术方案在实际使用时仍旧存在一定的不足：
1.在与管路垂直的同一截面上同时设置了进出双向的气路阀门，为了满足人体的吸氧要求，会导致该管路的直径较大，管路较粗，无法外接医疗领域通常使用的标准接口；
2.通过旋转阀门挡板的方式来同时调节氧气进入量和空气进入量，这种方式并不实用，不仅调节的精度难以把握，同时也增加了医护人员的操作量，容易出现失误；
3.这种旋转阀门挡板结构制造起来较为复杂，不利于工业大规模生产；
4.通过这种吸氧器吸氧时，由于管路较粗，且管路与口鼻罩一体形成，在口鼻罩和管路内造成较大死腔，不利于氧气的吸入。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提出一种双向通气结构及可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置。
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的：
一种双向通气结构，包括通气阀门机构，所述通气阀门机构设置在通气管路的管壁上，所述通气阀门机构用于保持通气管路内外的双向气体流通并在通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时扩大由通气管路流向外部的气流通路。
所述通气阀门机构包括第一气孔、对流通路和安装在第一气孔中的阀体，所述阀体可以在通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时向外部打开，所述对流通路能保持通气管路内外的双向气体流通并且其通气能力能够调节。
所述阀体包括滑动安装在第一气孔中的阀柱和设置在阀柱上的通气阀片，所述阀柱上设置有挡块以避免阀柱从第一气孔中滑落。
所述对流通路包括留存在通气阀片和第一气孔之间的间隙。
所述对流通路包括设置在通气管路上的对流孔。
所述对流孔上安装有调节阀片并且通过调节阀片能够改变对流的通气面积。
所述双向通气结构还包括套管，所述套管转动套装在通气管路上，所述套管上开设有与对流孔相适配的对流外孔并且通过转动套管能够改变对流外孔与对流孔之间相通的面积。
一种给氧装置，包括输气管，所述输气管包括吸气管路和呼气管路，其特征在于：所述呼气管路上设置有双向通气结构，所述吸气管路上设置有吸气单向阀机构，所述吸气单向阀机构用于控制吸气管路向呼气管路的单向气体流通。
还包括有储气件，所述储气件与吸气管路相接并且能够和吸气管路进行气体流通。
所述吸气管路中设置有隔板，所述隔板将吸气管路划分为进气通路和出气通路，所述进气通路上接设有进气管。
所述吸气单向阀机构包括气孔盖和吸气阀片，所述气孔盖安装在吸气管路靠近呼气管 路的一端上，所述气孔盖上设置有第二气孔并且气孔盖将进气通路封堵以阻止进气通路内的气体流向呼气管路，所述吸气阀片安装在气孔盖上，所述吸气阀片将第二气孔完全覆盖并且能够在出气通路内的压力大于呼气管路中的压力时打开。
本发明的优点和积极效果是：
1、本发明的给氧装置设置有吸气管路和呼气管路两个管路，再通过吸气阀片和呼气阀片分别负责吸气和呼气的气体流通。特别地，通过调节呼气管路管壁上双向通气结构的对流通路实现对吸入氧浓度的调节，比文丘里原理更加简单合理，使得整体上管路更为紧凑，降低死腔量，提高通气和给氧效果，同时这种结构还允许将通气结构的一端设置成例如具有15mm标准圆锥接口，能够连接具有标准接头的各类给氧装置，如面罩、鼻罩、及其他呼吸管路等，显著扩大了临床适用范围。
2、本发明的双向通气结构的通气阀门机构能够保持通气管路内外的双向气体流通，从而当使用包括这样的双向通气结构的给氧装置时，在吸气而使吸气管路中的氧气进入呼气管路的同时，外部空气也会进入呼气管路。
3、本发明的双向通气结构的通气阀门机构的通气能力可以调节，使得包括这样的双向通气结构的给氧装置能够提供例如21％至接近100％的范围内的氧浓度，因而可以根据临床需求将病人吸入气体中的氧气浓度调节到合理的范围。例如，上述给氧装置既能在低氧血症等情况下提供较高氧浓度(例如高达90％甚至接近100％的氧浓度)，又能在需要长时间氧疗的情况下提供安全范围的氧浓度(例如50-60％的氧浓度)。
4、本发明的双向通气结构及给氧装置结构简单，易于制备。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中留存横向间隙时双向通气结构主视示意图；
图2是实施例1中留存横向间隙时双向通气结构剖视示意图；
图3是实施例1中留存纵向间隙时双向通气结构剖视示意图；
图4是第一气孔和通气阀片呈弧形状态的配合示意图；
图5是实施例2中双向通气结构主视示意图；
图6是实施例3中双向通气结构主视示意图；
图7是实施例4中双向通气结构剖视示意图；
图8是附图7中圆圈处定位部分结构放大图；
图9是给氧装置整体结构示意图；
图10是给氧装置中吸气管路剖视示意图；
图11是给氧装置中吸气管路侧视示意图。
其中，1、第一气孔；211、间隙；212、对流孔；3、阀体；4、阀柱；5、通气阀片；6、挡块；7、调节阀片；8、套管；9、对流外孔；10、输气管；11、吸气管路；12、呼气管路；13、储气件；14、隔板；151、进气通路；152、出气通路；16、进气管；17、气孔盖；18、吸气阀片；19、第二气孔；20、安装孔；21、卡槽；22、定位孔；23、定位柱；24、定位弹簧；25、顶块；26、蘑菇帽。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明做进一步详述：
实施例1
如图1及图2所示，本发明提出了一种双向通气结构，包括通气阀门机构，通气阀门机构设置在通气管路的管壁上，设置的方式可以是一体成型，也可以是通过安装结构或者外部的连接件相连接；通气阀门机构可以使通气管路内外部之间保持气体对流的能力，并且当通气管路内部的压力大于外部压力时扩大由通气管路流向外部的气流通路，以使通气管路内部的气流可以快速的逸散至外部。
在本发明中，通气阀门机构包括第一气孔1、对流通路和安装在第一气孔1中的阀体3，其中阀体3可以在通气管路内部压力大于外部压力的状况下向外部打开，以便于通气管路内部的气体流向外部，而对流通路则可以始终使通气管路内外存在对流能力，在一些示例中，对流通路的通气能力可以进行调节。
在一些示例中，第一气孔1可以但不限于是十字型气孔，同时，第一气孔1的中心处还开设有安装孔20，阀体3包括阀柱4和通气阀片5，阀柱4则滑动插装在安装孔20中， 此外，在一些示例中，阀柱4的直径略小于安装孔20的直径以便于安装和拆卸阀柱4。
在一些示例中，通气阀片5可以但不限于是圆环状的软质材料膜片，一体成型式的套设在阀柱4上，当通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时，通气阀片5可以向外部弯曲变形，从而扩大由通气管路内向外的气流通路。在一些示例中，阀柱4在挡块6与阀片5之间的直径和长度略小于安装孔20，使得阀体3可在安装孔20中上下移动，当通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时，通气阀片5可以向外移动，从而扩大由通气管路内向外的气流通路。
在一些示例中，阀柱4上还设置有挡块6用于避免阀柱4从安装孔20中滑落，如图2所述，挡块6可以但不限于是倒圆锥状，当要将阀柱4插装在安装孔20中的时候，挡块6可以在被施加一定压力的时候从安装孔20中穿入，同理，挡块6也可以在被施加一定拉拽力的时候从安装孔20中穿出。
在一些示例中，在通气管路内部压力小于外部压力时，通气阀片5仅覆盖第一气孔1的一部分。并且和/或因此，在一些示例中，对流通路包括留存在通气阀片5和第一气孔1之间的间隙211，并且，在一些示例中，该间隙211可以是由于通气阀片5无法将第一气孔1的通气部分完全封堵，导致两者之间留存有如图1所示的横向间隙而形成的；同时，在一些示例中，该间隙211也可以是由于通气阀片5并非是紧贴第一气孔1，导致两者之间留存有如图3所示的纵向间隙而形成的；另外，在一些示例中，该间隙211还可以同时包括上述的横向间隙以及纵向间隙。
另外，由于阀体3可以从安装孔20中取出，因此可以依据实际使用的需要，选择带有不同通气阀片5的阀体3进行使用，通过改变通气阀片5的形状、规格来改变间隙211的大小，从而对流通路的通气能力进行调节。
另外，在一些示例中，如图4所示，第一气孔1整体呈现弧形，通气阀片5也呈现为弧度较小的弧形，两者贴合时在外侧边处会留存间隙211。
实施例2
如图5所示，与上述的实施例不同的是，在本实施例中，对流通路包括有对流孔212， 对流孔212是直接设置在通气管路上的，此时，在一些示例中，通气阀片5可以完全封堵第一气孔1的通气部分，只有当通气管路内的压力大于外部压力时，通气阀片5打开后，第一气孔1才具备通气能力，通气阀片5未打开时，通气管路通过直接开设在管壁上的对流孔212进行内外双向的气体对流；另外，在一些示例中，通气阀片5仍旧可以和第一气孔1的通气部分之间留存间隙211，即同时以间隙211和对流孔212作为对流通路。
另外，图5仅示出一个对流孔212，但是本发明不限于此。也可以开设一个或多个对流孔212，并且对流孔的大小、形状、数量等可以根据实际需要进行设置，且可以对各对流孔设置相应的阀片(未示出)，通过控制各对流孔的打开和闭合等，进一步对通气管路内外气体的对流能力进行调节。
实施例3
在一些示例中，如图6所示，在对流孔212处安装有调节阀片7，调节阀片7能够将对流孔212完全覆盖以阻止气体从对流孔212中出入，当使用者旋转调节阀片7时，能够改变调节阀片7覆盖对流孔212的面积，从而调节对流孔212的通气能力。
实施例4
在一些示例中，如图7所示，双向通气结构还包括套管8，该套管8转动套设在通气管路上，同时，套管8上开设有与对流孔212相适配的对流外孔9，因此使用者转动套管8，当对流外孔9与对流孔212完全重叠时，此时可以释放对流孔212全部的通气能力；当对流外孔9与对流孔212部分重叠时，可以释放对流孔212的部分通气能力，并且使用者转动套管8可以改变对流外孔9和对流孔212的重叠面积，从而对对流孔212的通气能力进行调节；当对流外孔9和对流孔212完全不重叠时，便可以封闭对流孔212，阻止通气管路的内外气体流通。
另外，在一些示例中，该双向通气结构还包括用于配合套管8进行定位的部分，如图8所示，该定位部分的结构可以但不限于是设置于通气管路上的卡槽21、设置于套管8上 的若干定位孔22、滑动安装于卡槽21中的定位柱23以及接设于定位柱23和卡槽21端面之间的定位弹簧24以及滑动安装在定位孔22中的顶块25，其中定位柱23可以滑动插装在定位孔22中，使用者转动套管8，当定位柱23与定位孔22相对应时，在定位弹簧24的作用下，定位柱23会插装在定位孔22中，同时将顶块25的一部分会被定位柱23从定位孔22中顶出，当需要再次旋转套管8时，使用者只需要按压顶块25，将定位柱23从定位孔22中顶出去即可。
实施例5
如图9、10、11所示，本发明还提出了一种带有上述双向通气结构的可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置，该装置能够连接外部供养设备为人体输送氧气，主要包括输气管10，输气管10分为吸气管路11和呼气管路12，而上述的双向通气结构则设置在呼气管路12上，同时吸气管路11上设置有吸气单向阀机构，能够控制吸气管路11向呼气管路12的单向气体流通，当人体吸气时，氧气从吸气管路11通过吸气单向阀机构进入到呼气管路12中，再由呼气管路流出，最终进入人体，在此过程中，由于呼气管路上设置有双向通气结构，因此在供氧流量保持恒定的情况下，呼气管路中会有外部的空气进入与氧气流混合。而且，如上所述，双向通气结构可以通过对流通路对通气管路内外气体的对流能力进行调节。因此，可以根据实际需要调节混入氧气流的空气的量，从而调节吸入氧浓度。例如可以在21％至接近100％的范围内调节氧浓度。特别地，通过调节双向通气结构的对流通路，既可以提供例如高达90％甚至接近100％的高氧浓度，也可以提供例如50-60％的安全范围氧浓度。
设置吸气和呼气两条管路，各自分工使得管路整体的尺寸更为合适，一方面，能够便于管路和标准接头连接使用，另一方面，可以降低管路使用过程中的死腔量，提高通气和给氧效果，此外，在一些示例中，呼气管路12可以但不限于和鼻罩、面罩等常用器件连接使用。
在一些示例中，吸气管路11和呼气管路12是分体式的，两者之间通过插套连接、连接结构连接或者是通过外部的连接件相接在一起，另外，在一些示例中，吸气管路11和 呼气管路12是一体式的，通过设置吸气单向阀机构将一体式的管路划分为吸气管路11和通气管路。
在一些示例中，呼气管路12设置有多个双向通气结构，相互之间进行配合使用，从而对呼气管中混入空气的量进行调节，从而能够在例如21％至接近100％的范围内调节氧浓度。
在一些示例中，该吸氧装置还包括有储气件13，外部设备输送来的氧气会先储存到储气件13中，再由储气件13输送往吸气管路11，所以储气件13需要与吸气管路11和外部设备相接通，在诊疗过程中，由外部供氧设备输送来的氧气储存在储气件13中，由于每个人1个钟所需要的氧气为一升多一点，因此储气件13的气体储存量一般为1升或者2升，但不限于此。
另外，在一些示例中，储气件13可以但不限于是气囊，并通过粘接或热轧的方式与吸气管路11相接，但不限于此。
在一些示例中，吸气管路11中设置有隔板14，隔板14将吸气管路11划分为进气通路151和出气通路152，并且进气通路151上接设有进气管16，如此一来，外部设备可以直接接设在进气管16上，其输送来的氧气通过吸气管路11中的进气通路151进入到储气件13中，整体上可以简化结构，储气件13无需再外接供氧设备，缩小了整体装置的体积。
在一些示例中，吸气单向阀机构包括气孔盖17和吸气阀片18，其中，气孔盖17安装在吸气管路11靠近呼气管路12的一端上，气孔盖17上设置有第二气孔19，并且在一些示例中，气孔盖17将进气通路151封堵，以使进气通路151中的氧气只能进入到储气件13中而无法流入到呼气管路12中，吸气阀片18则安装在气孔盖17上，吸气阀片18能够将第二气孔19完全覆盖同时在出气通路152中的压力大于呼气管中的压力时打开，使得出气通路152中的气流能够进入到呼气管路12中。
在一些示例中，气孔盖17呈十字型，气孔盖17的中心处设置有蘑菇帽26，吸气阀片18为圆环状的软质材料膜片，并且套装在蘑菇帽26上。
在一些示例中，气孔盖17呈弧形，相应的吸气阀片18也是弧形，两者相互适配以使吸气阀片18能够贴合在气孔盖17上并将第二气孔19完全封堵。
尽管上面对各个实施例进行单独描述，但不同实施例中记载的技术特征及其实施方式也可以相互组合。
需要强调的是，本发明所述的实施例是说明性的，而不是限定性的，因此本发明包括并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例，凡是由本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术方案得出的其他实施方式，同样属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种双向通气结构，包括通气阀门机构，所述通气阀门机构设置在通气管路的管壁上，其特征在于：所述通气阀门机构用于保持通气管路内外的双向气体流通并在通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时扩大由通气管路流向外部的气流通路。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种双向通气结构，其特征在于：所述通气阀门机构包括第一气孔(1)、对流通路和安装在第一气孔(1)中的阀体(3)，所述阀体(3)能够在通气管路内部压力大于外部压力时向外部打开，所述对流通路能保持通气管路内外的双向气体流通并且其通气能力能够调节。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双向通气结构，其特征在于：所述阀体(3)包括滑动安装在第一气孔(1)中的阀柱(4)和设置在阀柱(4)上的通气阀片(5)，所述阀柱(4)上设置有挡块(6)以避免阀柱(4)从第一气孔(1)中滑落。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的双向通气结构，其特征在于：所述对流通路包括留存在通气阀片(5)和第一气孔(1)之间的间隙(211)。
  5. 根据权利要求2或4所述的双向通气结构，其特征在于：所述对流通路包括设置在通气管路上的对流孔(212)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的双向通气结构，其特征在于：所述对流孔(212)上安装有调节阀片(7)并且通过调节阀片(7)能够改变对流孔(212)的通气面积。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的双向通气结构，其特征在于：所述双向通气结构还包括套管(8)，所述套管(8)转动套装在通气管路上，所述套管(8)上开设有与对流孔(212)相适配的对流外孔(9)并且通过转动套管(8)能够改变对流外孔(9)与对流孔(212)之间相通的面积。
  8. 一种给氧装置，包括输气管(10)，所述输气管(10)包括吸气管路(11)和呼气管路(12)，其特征在于：所述呼气管路(12)上设置有如权利要求1-7任一所述的双向通气结构，所述吸气管路(11)上设置有吸气单向阀机构，所述吸气单向阀机构用于控制吸气管路(11)向呼气管路(12)的单向气体流通。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的给氧装置，其特征在于：还包括有储气件(13)，所述储气 件(13)与吸气管路(11)相接并且能够和吸气管路(11)进行气体流通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的给氧装置，其特征在于：所述吸气管路(11)中设置有隔板(14)，所述隔板(14)将吸气管路(11)划分为进气通路(151)和出气通路(152)，所述进气通路(151)上接设有进气管(16)。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的给氧装置，其特征在于：所述吸气单向阀机构包括气孔盖(17)和吸气阀片(18)，所述气孔盖(17)安装在吸气管路(11)靠近呼气管路(12)的一端上，所述气孔盖(17)上设置有第二气孔(19)并且气孔盖(17)将进气通路(151)封堵以阻止进气通路(151)内的气体流向呼气管路(12)，所述吸气阀片(18)安装在气孔盖(17)上，所述吸气阀片(18)将第二气孔(19)完全覆盖并且能够在出气通路(152)内的压力大于呼气管路(12)中的压力时打开。
PCT/CN2022/100835 2021-08-04 2022-06-23 双向通气结构及可调节吸入氧浓度的给氧装置 WO2023011034A1 (zh)

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