WO2023010853A1 - 间接蒸发冷却设备 - Google Patents

间接蒸发冷却设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023010853A1
WO2023010853A1 PCT/CN2022/080737 CN2022080737W WO2023010853A1 WO 2023010853 A1 WO2023010853 A1 WO 2023010853A1 CN 2022080737 W CN2022080737 W CN 2022080737W WO 2023010853 A1 WO2023010853 A1 WO 2023010853A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
evaporative cooling
indirect evaporative
cooling device
air
circulation air
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Application number
PCT/CN2022/080737
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘健
王栋
赵西锋
李庆松
王军骅
张凯
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023010853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023010853A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/001—Compression cycle type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
    • H05K7/208—Liquid cooling with phase change
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to but are not limited to the technical field of heating and ventilation equipment, and in particular relate to an indirect evaporative cooling equipment.
  • the main features of the green big data center are: (1) low PUE; (2) recycling of water resources; (3) multi-directional use of natural cold sources. Evaporative cooling is a pure natural cold source cooling method, which meets the requirements of green data centers and has received attention from the DC and HVAC equipment industries in recent years.
  • Indirect evaporative cooling equipment is an important evolution direction of modular and low-energy cooling solutions for big data centers.
  • the layout of the system modules is a key technology, which has a decisive effect on the energy efficiency ratio of the whole machine, especially the layout of the heat exchange core is the most critical.
  • the middle layout of the vertical core requires a large space and low heat transfer efficiency; the vertical core has a moderate space requirement for the top layout, and the heat transfer efficiency is moderately high, but the flow direction of the core is not easy to control, and the spray loss is relatively large; while the diamond core
  • the heat transfer efficiency of the body layout is low, and the spray loss is relatively large.
  • the above schemes have defects and need to be improved.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an indirect evaporative cooling device, comprising: a housing with an inner cavity; at least two heat exchangers located in the inner cavity, at least two of the heat exchangers are located along the periphery of the housing Arranged at intervals, the heat exchanger has a hot air channel and a cold air channel, and the heat exchanger is connected with a shower, and the shower is set to spray water to the cold air channel;
  • the outer circulation air channel includes sequentially The outer circulation air inlet, the cold air passage and the outer circulation air outlet are connected, an outer circulation fan is arranged between the cold air passage and the outer circulation air outlet, and the outer circulation air outlet is located at the upper end of the housing;
  • the internal circulation air duct includes an internal circulation air inlet, the hot air passage and an internal circulation air outlet connected in sequence, an internal circulation fan is arranged between the hot air passage and the internal circulation air outlet, and the internal circulation air outlet is located at The lower end of the housing; a refrigeration mechanism, including a compressor, a conden
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an indirect evaporative cooling device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal air flow of an indirect evaporative cooling device provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the indirect evaporative cooling device provided by an embodiment of the present application in the left view direction;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a housing in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the big data centers contain multiple servers, and cold-short devices are required for temperature control to ensure the stable operation of the servers.
  • the energy consumption of big data centers is increasing day by day.
  • the country has released the "National Green Data Center Pilot Work Plan", which requires reducing PUE, recycling water resources, and multi-faceted use of natural cold sources to achieve the purpose of saving energy and reducing consumption.
  • some large data centers use indirect evaporative cooling devices, which have developed rapidly in recent years.
  • the middle layout of the vertical core is adopted, but there are defects of large space requirement and low heat exchange efficiency; It is not easy to control, and the spray loss is large; or the diamond-shaped core layout is adopted, but there are defects of low heat transfer efficiency and large spray loss.
  • an embodiment of the present application proposes an indirect evaporative cooling device, including a housing 100, at least two heat exchangers 200, and a refrigeration mechanism.
  • the housing 100 is provided with an inner cavity 101 for installing a heat exchanger.
  • the number of heat exchangers 200 can be two, three, four or more, and the plurality of heat exchangers 200 are arranged at intervals in the inner chamber 101, and the plurality of heat exchangers 200 are arranged along the circumferential direction of the housing 100
  • the air flow channel is formed in the center of the inner cavity 101, the heat exchanger 200 is connected with a shower 210, and the shower 210 is used to spray water, and the water contacts the heat exchanger 200 and evaporates, taking away heat, which helps to improve the heat exchange rate. heat.
  • the heat exchanger 200 is approximately vertical in the inner cavity 101, that is, it is vertically arranged or inclined at a relatively small angle, among which two heat exchangers 200 arranged vertically and symmetrically are the preferred solution, and the following implementation The examples are all described using two vertically symmetrically arranged heat exchangers 200 .
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the air flow inside the indirect evaporative cooling device.
  • the solid arrows indicate the flow direction of indoor air (that is, the air inside the big data center), and the dotted arrows indicate the flow direction of outdoor air.
  • the heat exchanger 200 has a hot air channel for indoor air flow and a cold air channel for outdoor air flow.
  • the water sprayed by the sprinkler 210 enters the cold air channel and partly contacts the wall of the cold air channel, and uses the evaporation of water to take away heat to help reduce the heat of the hot air.
  • the temperature of the indoor air in the passage; the indirect evaporative cooling equipment forms an inner circulation air duct and an outer circulation air duct.
  • the inner circulation air duct is the flow channel of the indoor air, including the inner circulation air inlet 110, the hot air passage and the inner circulation outlet.
  • the air outlet 120 is provided with an internal circulation fan 150 between the hot air channel and the internal circulation air outlet 120.
  • the internal circulation air outlet 120 is located at the lower end of the housing 100, and the internal circulation fan 150 is used to drive the indoor airflow, which helps to improve heat exchange efficiency
  • the outer circulation air channel is the flow passage of outdoor air, including the outer circulation air inlet 130, the cold air passage and the outer circulation air outlet 140 connected in sequence, and the outer circulation fan 160 is arranged between the cold air passage and the outer circulation air outlet 140,
  • the circulating air outlet 140 is located at the upper end of the housing 100, and the external circulating fan 160 is used to drive the outdoor air flow, which helps to improve the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the refrigeration mechanism includes a compressor 310, a condenser 320, and an evaporator 330 connected by pipelines.
  • the compressor 310 is used to compress the refrigerant gas.
  • the compressor 310 outputs the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas to the condenser 320.
  • the condenser 320 reduces the refrigerant gas The temperature of the gas, and then through the throttling component, the refrigerant gas is converted into a refrigerant liquid, and then the refrigerant liquid enters the evaporator 330, and the refrigerant liquid evaporates in the evaporator 330 to absorb heat, and cool down the indoor air flowing through the evaporator 330.
  • Condenser 320 is arranged in the external circulation air channel, and condenser 320 can be arranged between the outlet of cold air channel and external circulation fan 160, and the outdoor air is used to help condenser 320 dissipate heat.
  • condenser 320 is located in the downstream of cold air channel, without It will affect the indoor air in heat exchanger 200; Then flow through the evaporator 330 to further reduce the temperature.
  • the refrigeration mechanism starts, and the indoor air in the big data center is drawn into the hot air channel of the heat exchanger 200 through the internal circulation fan 150, and the outdoor air is drawn through the external circulation fan 160.
  • the sprinkler 210 sprays water to the cold air channel at the same time, and uses the evaporation of water to take away part of the heat.
  • the indoor air flowing out from the hot air channel flows through the evaporator 330, and further reduces the temperature of the indoor air through the evaporator 330, and the cooled indoor air enters the big data center through the inner circulation air outlet 120 to help the big data center dissipate heat .
  • the outdoor air flowing out from the cold air channel flows through the condenser 320 to help the condenser 320 dissipate heat and improve the cooling efficiency of the refrigeration mechanism, and finally the outdoor air is discharged to the outside through the outer circulation air outlet 140 .
  • the indoor air and outdoor air use the heat exchanger 200 to exchange heat to reduce the temperature of the indoor air; use the sprayer 210 to spray water and evaporate to take away the heat to reduce the temperature of the indoor air ; Reduce the temperature of the indoor air through the evaporator 330 to obtain low-temperature indoor air to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the big data center.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling equipment utilizes two natural cold sources of outdoor air and water, which reduces energy consumption. It adopts two heat exchangers 200 and has two heat exchange channels, which improves the heat exchange efficiency and optimizes the cooling effect of the indirect evaporative cooling equipment. .
  • the refrigeration mechanism When the outdoor ambient temperature is moderate (usually 16°C-22°C), the refrigeration mechanism is not turned on, and the indoor air in the big data center is drawn into the hot air channel of the heat exchanger 200 by the internal circulation fan 150, and the outdoor air is drawn by the external circulation fan 160.
  • the air is pumped into the cold air channel of the heat exchanger 200, and the indoor air and the outdoor air are exchanged heat in the heat exchanger 200; at the same time, the sprinkler 210 starts to spray water to the cold air channel, and part of the water falls on the wall of the cold air channel, utilizing the water Evaporation removes heat and helps provide heat transfer efficiency, further reducing the temperature of the indoor air.
  • the cooled indoor air enters the big data center through the inner circulation air outlet 120 to help the big data center dissipate heat; the outdoor air flowing out from the cold air channel is discharged to the outside through the outer circulation air outlet 140 .
  • Heat exchanger also known as heat exchanger, is an energy-saving device that realizes heat transfer between materials between two or more fluids at different temperatures. It transfers heat from a fluid with a higher temperature to a fluid with a lower temperature. Fluid temperature reaches the index specified in the process to meet the needs of process conditions, and it is also one of the main equipment to improve energy utilization. Heat exchangers play an important role in chemical, petroleum, power, food and many other industrial productions. Heat exchangers can be used as heaters, coolers, condensers, evaporators or reboilers, etc., and are widely used.
  • the heat exchanger 200 can be selected from jacketed heat exchangers, submerged coil heat exchangers, plate heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and double-tube-sheet heat exchangers. It can meet the heat exchange requirement.
  • the two heat exchangers 200 are vertically arranged and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the inner chamber 101, the shower 210 is arranged at the upper end of the heat exchanger 200, and the shower 210 sprays water downwards to The spray water enters the cold air channel, and the water falling on the wall surface of the cold air channel flows downward along the wall surface of the cold air channel due to the action of gravity, which has a larger contact area and increases evaporation.
  • the cold air channel is vertically arranged, the outdoor air flows from bottom to top, while the spray water moves from top to bottom, the spray water and the outdoor air are in relative motion, which speeds up the evaporation of the spray water, and the spray water
  • the water evaporates on the wall surface of the cold air channel, which improves the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 200 .
  • the inner circulation air inlet 110 is arranged at the middle part of the side of the housing 100
  • the inner circulation air outlet 120 is arranged at the lower part of the side of the housing 100
  • the hot air channel is arranged substantially horizontally
  • the hot air channel The inlet is connected to the inner circulation air inlet 110
  • the outlet of the hot air channel is located in the center of the inner cavity 101 and connected to the inner circulation air outlet 120
  • the inner circulation fan 150 is at the lower part of the inner cavity 101, close to the inner circulation air outlet 120
  • the inner circulation fan 150 is used to draw air , to drive the indoor air to flow along the inner circulation air inlet 110 , the hot air passage, and the inner circulation air outlet 120 .
  • the evaporator 330 is installed on the outer wall of the heat exchanger 200, and the evaporator 330 covers the outlet of the hot air passage, that is, the indoor air flowing out of the hot air passage must flow through the evaporator 330, so that all the indoor air can be obtained.
  • the cooling of the evaporator 330 helps to improve the cooling effect.
  • the casing 100 is provided with a partition 170 located at the lower part of the inner cavity, and the partition 170 is provided with an air duct 171 , the air duct 171 is a part of the internal circulation air duct, and the internal circulation fan 150 Connected to the bulkhead and located at the port of the air duct 171.
  • the casing 100 is provided with a plurality of plates in the inner cavity 101, and the plurality of plates cooperate with the heat exchanger 200, the partition plate 170 and other components to define the inner circulation air duct and the outer circulation air duct, preventing indoor The air is in contact with the outdoor air to prevent cross-wind.
  • the partition 170 can also prevent the spray water from contacting the internal circulation fan 150 and prevent the spray water from entering the big data center.
  • the outer circulation air inlet 130 is arranged in the middle of the side of the casing 100, the side where the outer circulation air inlet 130 is located is adjacent to the side where the inner circulation air inlet 110 is located, and the outer circulation air outlet 140 is set on the top surface of the housing 100, the cold air channel is arranged roughly vertically, the outlet of the cold air channel is located at the upper end of the heat exchanger 200 and communicates with the outer circulation air outlet 140, and the inlet of the cold air channel is located at the lower end of the heat exchanger 200 and communicates with Outer circulation air inlet 130.
  • the outer circulation fan 160 is on the upper part of the inner cavity 101, close to the outer circulation air outlet 140, and uses the outer circulation fan 160 to extract air and drive the outdoor air to flow along the outer circulation air inlet 130, the cold air channel, and the outer circulation air outlet 140.
  • the condenser 320 is connected to the upper end of the shower 210, the external circulation fan 160 is located above the condenser 320, the external circulation air outlet 140 is located above the external circulation fan 160, and the external circulation The fan 160 blows air upwards to discharge the outdoor air to the outside.
  • the condenser 320 is close to the air inlet end of the external circulation fan 160, and the air flow speed is relatively fast, which helps the heat dissipation of the condenser 320 and improves the cooling effect of the refrigeration mechanism.
  • the compressor 310 of the refrigeration mechanism is arranged between the two heat exchangers 200, the compressor 310 is located upstream of the internal circulation fan 150, and the layout of the indirect evaporative cooling equipment is compact, which is conducive to reducing the indirect evaporative cooling.
  • the volume of the device is arranged between the two heat exchangers 200, the compressor 310 is located upstream of the internal circulation fan 150, and the layout of the indirect evaporative cooling equipment is compact, which is conducive to reducing the indirect evaporative cooling. The volume of the device.
  • the compressor 310 can also be arranged in other positions of the inner cavity 101, or installed on the outer wall of the housing 100, all of which can meet the cooling requirements of the refrigeration mechanism.
  • a water receiving tray 180 is provided in the inner cavity 101, and the water receiving tray 180 is located below the heat exchanger 200 To accept the water flowing down from the heat exchanger 200 for recycling and reduce the loss of spraying water.
  • the water receiving tray 180 is larger than the cross-section of the cold air passage, so as to receive all the water flowing down.
  • a water pump is connected to the water receiving tray 180 , and an output pipe of the water pump is connected to the shower 210 to reuse the water collected in the water receiving tray 180 .
  • the water receiving tray 180 can also be connected with a water collection tank for storing the water collected in the water receiving tray 180, the water storage capacity is larger, and the operation of the indirect evaporative cooling equipment is more stable and reliable.
  • the water receiving tray 180 is connected with a heater, and the heater is installed on the bottom surface of the water receiving tray 180, and the heater is used to heat the water receiving tray 180 to prevent the water receiving tray 180 from The water in the shower freezes to ensure the stable operation of the sprinkler 210.
  • the shower 210 is connected to the middle or lower part of the heat exchanger 200.
  • the shower 210 is provided with a plurality of nozzles, and the nozzles are arranged on the wall of the cold air channel to spray water into the cold air channel. The water contacting the wall surface of the cold air passage accelerates evaporation.
  • the outer wall of the casing 100 is provided with a thermal insulation layer, through which the thermal insulation and heat insulation capabilities can be increased, and the cooling capacity loss of the indirect evaporative cooling device can be reduced.
  • the outer circulation air outlet 140 is a plurality of round holes arranged on the top of the housing 100.
  • the fans 160 correspond one-to-one to the outer circulation air outlets 140; the inner circulation fans 150 also have a plurality to increase the flow velocity of the indoor air, and the corresponding inner circulation air outlets 120 are elongated.
  • the embodiments of the present application have at least the following beneficial effects: the outdoor air is drawn into the outer circulation air duct by the external circulation fan, the indoor air is drawn into the inner circulation air duct by the internal circulation fan, the outdoor air enters the cold air passage, and the indoor air enters the hot air passage.
  • the outdoor air and the indoor air exchange heat through the heat exchanger to reduce the temperature of the indoor air, and the sprinkler sprays water to the cold air channel, and uses the water to evaporate to take away heat and reduce the temperature of the indoor air; and the indoor air passes through the evaporator to reduce the temperature of the indoor air. temperature, to obtain low-temperature indoor air, and the low-temperature indoor air enters the big data center from the inner circulation air outlet to help dissipate heat and cool down.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling equipment adopts at least two heat exchangers and has at least two heat exchange channels, which improves the heat exchange efficiency, optimizes the cooling effect of the indirect evaporative cooling equipment, and is beneficial to reduce the spray loss.

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Abstract

一种间接蒸发冷却设备，包括壳体(100)、至少两个换热器(200)及制冷机构，换热器(200)位于壳体(100)的内腔(101)，换热器(200)具有热风通道和冷风通道，换热器(200)连接有喷淋器(210)，喷淋器(210)被设置为向冷风通道喷水；外循环风道，包括外循环进风口(130)、冷风通道以及外循环出风口(140)，冷风通道和外循环出风口(140)之间设置有外循环风机(160)，外循环出风口(140)位于壳体(100)的上端；内循环风道，包括内循环进风口(110)、热风通道以及内循环出风口(120)，热风通道和内循环出风口(120)之间设置有内循环风机(150)，内循环出风口(120)位于壳体(100)的下端；制冷机构，包括通过管路连接的压缩机(310)、冷凝器(320)以及蒸发器(330)，冷凝器(320)布置于外循环风道，蒸发器(330)布置于内循环风道。

Description

间接蒸发冷却设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202110890410.8、申请日为2021年08月04日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及但不限于暖通设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种间接蒸发冷却设备。
背景技术
随着我国互联网以及通讯产业的迅速发展，我国的大数据中心总量逐年增加，已超过40万个。为节能环保，多部门联合制定了《国家绿色数据中心试点工作方案》，要求开始在重点领域创建绿色大数据中心，以降低大数据中心整体PUE(Power Usage Effectiveness,数据中心总设备能耗与IT设备能耗的比值)。绿色大数据中心的主要特点有：(1)低PUE；(2)循环使用水资源；(3)多方位利用自然冷源。而蒸发冷却是一种纯自然冷源的供冷方式，符合绿色数据中心的要求，在近几年得到了DC及暖通设备行业的重视。
间接蒸发冷却设备是大数据中心模块化、低能耗散热方案的重要演进方向。系统模块的布局是关键性技术，对整机能效比有决定性作用，尤其以换热芯体的布局最为关键。在一些情形下，已有立型芯体中间布局、立型芯体置顶布局以及菱形芯体布局。其中，立型芯体中间布局空间需求大，换热效率低；立型芯体置顶布局空间需求适中，换热效率适高，但芯体流水方向不易控制，喷淋损失较大；而菱形芯体布局换热效率较低，喷淋损失较大，以上方案均存在缺陷，有待改进。
发明内容
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
本申请的实施例提供一种间接蒸发冷却设备，包括：壳体，具有内腔；至少两个换热器，位于所述内腔，至少两个所述换热器沿所述壳体的周向间隔布置，所述换热器具有热风通道和冷风通道，所述换热器连接有喷淋器，所述喷淋器被设置为向所述冷风通道喷水；外循环风道，包括依次连通的外循环进风口、所述冷风通道以及外循环出风口，所述冷风通道和所述外循环出风口之间设置有外循环风机，所述外循环出风口位于所述壳体的上端；内循环风道，包括依次连通的内循环进风口、所述热风通道以及内循环出风口，所述热风通道和所述内循环出风口之间设置有内循环风机，所述内循环出风口位于所述壳体的下端；制冷机构，包括通过管路连接的压缩机、冷凝器以及蒸发器，所述冷凝器布置于所述外循环风道，所述蒸发器布置于所述内循环风道。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本申请技术方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本申请的实施例一起用于解释本申请的技术方案，并不构成对本申请技术方案的限制。
图1是本申请一个实施例提供的间接蒸发冷却设备的结构示意图；
图2是本申请一个实施例提供的间接蒸发冷却设备的内部气流示意图；
图3是本申请一个实施例提供的间接蒸发冷却设备的左视方向的内部结构示意图；
图4是本申请一个实施例中壳体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
需要说明的是，虽然在装置示意图中进行了功能模块划分，在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于装置中的模块划分，或流程图中的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。
随着我国互联网以及通讯产业的迅速发展，全国各地兴建了大量的大数据中心，大数据中心包含多个服务器，需要冷缺装置进行温度控制，保证服务器的稳定运行。目前，大数据中心的耗能日益上涨，国家发布了《国家绿色数据中心试点工作方案》，要求降低PUE、循环使用水资源以及多方位利用自然冷源，达到节能降耗的目的。
在一些情形下，部分大数据中心采用间接蒸发冷却装置，近年发展迅速。比如采用立型芯体中间布局，但是存在空间需求大、换热效率低的缺陷；或者采用立型芯体置顶布局，空间需求适中，换热效率较高，但是芯体中喷淋水的方向不易控制，喷淋损失较大；又或者采用菱形芯体布局，但是存在换热效率较低，喷淋损失较大的缺陷。
为此，参照图1，本申请的实施例提出一种间接蒸发冷却设备，包括壳体100、至少两个换热器200以及制冷机构，壳体100设置有内腔101以供安装换热器200以及制冷机构，换热器200可以是两个、三个、四个或更多，多个换热器200间隔布置在内腔101中，多个换热器200沿壳体100的周向分布，在内腔101的中心形成气流通道，换热器200连接有喷淋器210，利用喷淋器210进行喷水， 水接触换热器200并蒸发，带走热量，有助于提高换热量。考虑到热空气的比重较大，具有上升的趋势，冷空气的比重较小，具有下沉的趋势，换热后的冷风从壳体100的下部排出并进入大数据中心，换热后的热风从壳体100的上部排出。因此，换热器200在内腔101中大致为竖向的，即为竖直布置或者倾斜的角度较小，其中以采用两个竖向对称布置的换热器200为较佳方案，以下实施例均为采用两个竖向对称布置的换热器200进行描述。
下面结合附图，对本申请的实施例作进一步阐述。
如图2所示，图2是间接蒸发冷却设备内部的气流流动示意图，实线箭头是室内空气(即大数据中心内部的空气)的流动方向，虚线箭头是室外空气的流动方向。换热器200具有供室内空气流动的热风通道和供室外空气流动的冷风通道，喷淋器210喷出的水进入冷风通道，部分接触冷风通道的壁面，利用水的蒸发带走热量帮助降低热风通道中室内空气的温度；间接蒸发冷却设备形成有内循环风道和外循环风道，内循环风道是室内空气的流动通道，包括依次连通的内循环进风口110、热风通道以及内循环出风口120，在热风通道和内循环出风口120之间设置有内循环风机150，内循环出风口120位于壳体100的下端，利用内循环风机150驱动室内气流流动，有助于提高换热效率；外循环风道是室外空气的流动通道，包括依次连通的外循环进风口130、冷风通道以及外循环出风口140，在冷风通道和外循环出风口140之间设置有外循环风机160，外循环出风口140位于壳体100的上端，利用外循环风机160驱动室外气流流动，有助于提高换热效率。
制冷机构包括通过管路连接的压缩机310、冷凝器320以及蒸发器330，压缩机310用于压缩冷媒气体，压缩机310将高温高压的冷媒气体输出至冷凝器320，利用冷凝器320降低冷媒气体的温度，然后通过节流组件促使冷媒气体转变为冷媒液体，然后冷媒液体进入蒸发器330，冷媒液体在蒸发器330中蒸发而吸收热量，对流经蒸发器330的室内空气降温。
冷凝器320布置于外循环风道中，可以将冷凝器320布置在冷风通道的出口 与外循环风机160之间，利用室外空气帮助冷凝器320散热，此外，冷凝器320位于冷风通道的下游，不会影响换热器200内的室内空气；蒸发器330布置于内循环风道，可以将蒸发器330布置在热风通道的出口与内循环风机150之间，经过换热器200换热的室内空气再流经蒸发器330以进一步降温。
本申请的实施例提供的间接蒸发冷却设备的工作原理如下：
当室外环境温度较高(通常为高于22℃)，制冷机构启动，通过内循环风机150将大数据中心的室内空气抽入换热器200的热风通道，通过外循环风机160将室外空气抽入换热器200的冷风通道，喷淋器210同时向冷风通道喷水，利用水的蒸发带走部分热量，室内空气和室外空气在换热器200中进行换热，第一次降低室内空气的温度；然后，从热风通道流出的室内空气流经蒸发器330，通过蒸发器330进一步降低室内空气的温度，降温后的室内空气经内循环出风口120输入大数据中心，帮助大数据中心散热。从冷风通道流出的室外空气流经冷凝器320，帮助冷凝器320散热，提高制冷机构的制冷效率，最终室外空气从外循环出风口140排放到室外。
其中，由于外循环风机160的吸力，会将部分的水混入室外空气中抽走，该部分的水有助于冷凝器320的散热。
本申请实施例的间接蒸发冷却设备在运行时，室内空气和室外空气利用换热器200进行换热，降低室内空气的温度；利用喷淋器210喷水蒸发带走热量，降低室内空气的温度；通过蒸发器330降低室内空气的温度，得到低温的室内空气，以满足大数据中心的散热需求。间接蒸发冷却设备利用了室外空气和水两种自然冷源，降低了能耗，采用两个换热器200，具有两个换热通道，提高了换热效率，优化间接蒸发冷却设备的制冷效果。
当室外环境温度适中(通常为16℃—22℃)，制冷机构不开启，通过内循环风机150将大数据中心的室内空气抽入换热器200的热风通道，通过外循环风机160将室外空气抽入换热器200的冷风通道，室内空气和室外空气在换热器200中进行换热；同时，喷淋器210启动，向冷风通道喷水，部分水落在冷风通 道的壁面，利用水的蒸发带走热量，帮助提供换热效率，进一步降低室内空气的温度。降温后的室内空气经内循环出风口120输入大数据中心，帮助大数据中心散热；从冷风通道流出的室外空气从外循环出风口140排放到室外。
当室外环境温度较低(通常为低于16℃)，制冷机构和喷淋器210均不开启，通过内循环风机150将大数据中心的室内空气抽入换热器200的热风通道，通过外循环风机160将室外空气抽入换热器200的冷风通道，室内空气和室外空气在换热器200中进行热交换，降低室内空气的温度，由于室外空气的温度较低，能够将室内空气的温度降低到设定的温度。降温后的室内空气经内循环出风口120输入大数据中心，帮助大数据中心散热；从冷风通道流出的室外空气从外循环出风口140排放到室外。
换热器又称热交换器，是在不同温度的两种或两种以上流体间实现物料之间热量传递的节能设备，是使热量由温度较高的流体传递给温度较低的流体，使流体温度达到流程规定的指标，以满足工艺条件的需要，同时也是提高能源利用率的主要设备之一。换热器在化工、石油、动力、食品及其它许多工业生产中占有重要地位，换热器可作为加热器、冷却器、冷凝器、蒸发器或再沸器等，应用广泛。
在本申请的实施例中，换热器200可以选用夹套式换热器、沉浸式蛇管换热器、板式换热器、管壳式换热器、双管板换热器等类型，均能满足换热需求。
在一实施例中，两个换热器200为竖向布置并且对称分布在内腔101的两侧，喷淋器210布置在换热器200的上端，喷淋器210向下喷水，以使喷淋水进入冷风通道，落在冷风通道的壁面上的水，由于重力作用，沿着冷风通道的壁面向下流动，具有较大的接触面积，提高蒸发量。如图2所示，冷风通道为竖向布置，室外空气从下向上流动，而喷淋水从上向下移动，喷淋水和室外空气为相对运动，加快喷淋水的蒸发，而且喷淋水在冷风通道的壁面上蒸发，提高了换热器200的换热效率。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，内循环进风口110设置在壳体100的侧面中部， 内循环出风口120设置在壳体100的侧面下部，热风通道为大致水平布置，热风通道的进口连通内循环进风口110，热风通道的出口位于内腔101的中心并且连通内循环出风口120，内循环风机150在内腔101的下部，靠近内循环出风口120，利用内循环风机150抽风，驱动室内空气沿内循环进风口110、热风通道、内循环出风口120流动。
在一实施例中，蒸发器330安装在换热器200的外壁，并且蒸发器330覆盖热风通道的出口，也即从热风通道流出的室内空气，必然流经蒸发器330，使得室内空气都得到蒸发器330的冷却，有助于提升冷却效果。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，壳体100设置有位于内腔下部的隔板170，隔板170设置有风管171，风管171为内循环风道的一部分，内循环风机150连接于隔板并且位于风管171的端口。应当理解的是，壳体100在内腔101中设置有多个板件，多个板件与换热器200、隔板170等部件配合限定出内循环风道和外循环风道，防止室内空气和室外空气接触，防止串风。此外，隔板170还能防止喷淋水接触内循环风机150，防止喷淋水进入大数据中心。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，外循环进风口130设置在壳体100的侧面中部，外循环进风口130所在的侧面与内循环进风口110所在的侧面相邻，外循环出风口140设置在壳体100的顶面，冷风通道为大致竖向布置，冷风通道的出口位于换热器200的上端并连通外循环出风口140，冷风通道的入口位于换热器200的下端并连通外循环进风口130。外循环风机160在内腔101的上部，靠近外循环出风口140，利用外循环风机160抽风，驱动室外空气沿外循环进风口130、冷风通道、外循环出风口140流动。
在一实施例中，如图2所示，冷凝器320连接在喷淋器210的上端，外循环风机160位于冷凝器320的上方，外循环出风口140位于外循环风机160的上方，外循环风机160向上吹风，以将室外空气排到室外。冷凝器320靠近外循环风机160的进风端，空气流动速度较快，有助于冷凝器320的散热，提升制冷机构的制冷效果。
在一实施例中，制冷机构的压缩机310布置在两个换热器200的之间，压缩机310位于内循环风机150的上游，间接蒸发冷却设备的布局紧凑，有利于减小间接蒸发冷却设备的体积。
当然，压缩机310还可以布置在内腔101的其他位置，又或者安装在壳体100的外壁，都能够满足制冷机构的制冷需求。
在一实施例中，考虑到喷淋器210喷入冷风通道的水可能未全部蒸发，为了回收水，在内腔101中设置有接水盘180，接水盘180位于换热器200的下方以承接从换热器200流下的水，以回收利用，减少喷淋水的损耗。接水盘180大于冷风通道的截面，以承接全部流下的水。
在一实施例中，接水盘180连接有水泵，水泵的输出管连接喷淋器210，以重新利用接水盘180中收集的水。接水盘180还可以连接有集水箱，以供存放接水盘180中收集的水，储水量更大，间接蒸发冷却设备的运行更稳定、可靠。
在一实施例中，考虑到冬季气温会降低到冰点以下，接水盘180连接有加热器，加热器安装在接水盘180的底面，利用加热器加热接水盘180，防止接水盘180中的水结冰，保证喷淋器210稳定运行。
在一实施例中，喷淋器210连接于换热器200的中部或者下部，喷淋器210设置有多个喷头，喷头设置在冷风通道的壁面，以向冷风通道的内部喷水，大部分的水接触冷风通道的壁面，加快蒸发。
在一实施例中，壳体100的外壁设置有保温层，通过保温层能够增加保温、隔热能力，减少间接蒸发冷却设备的制冷量流失。
在一实施例中，如图4所示，外循环出风口140为多个布置在壳体100顶部的圆孔，相应的，如图3所示，外循环风机160也具有多个，外循环风机160与外循环出风口140一一对应；内循环风机150同样具有多个，增大室内空气的流动速度，对应的内循环出风口120为长条形。
本申请的实施例至少具有如下有益效果：通过外循环风机将室外空气抽入外循环风道，通过内循环风机将室内空气抽入内循环风道，室外空气进入冷风通道， 室内空气进入热风通道，室外空气与室内空气通过换热器进行换热，降低室内空气的温度，而且喷淋器向冷风通道喷水，利用水蒸发带走热量，降低室内空气的温度；而且室内空气经过蒸发器，降低温度，得到低温的室内空气，低温的室内空气从内循环出风口输入大数据中心，帮助散热、降温。间接蒸发冷却设备采用至少两个换热器，具有至少两个换热通道，提高换热效率，优化间接蒸发冷却设备的制冷效果，而且有利于降低喷淋损耗。
以上是对本申请的若干实施方式进行了具体说明，但本申请并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本申请精神的前提下还可作出种种的等同变形或替换，这些等同的变形或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 间接蒸发冷却设备，包括：
    壳体，具有内腔；
    至少两个换热器，位于所述内腔，至少两个所述换热器沿所述壳体的周向间隔布置，所述换热器具有热风通道和冷风通道，所述换热器连接有喷淋器，所述喷淋器被设置为向所述冷风通道喷水；
    外循环风道，包括依次连通的外循环进风口、所述冷风通道以及外循环出风口，所述冷风通道和所述外循环出风口之间设置有外循环风机，所述外循环出风口位于所述壳体的上端；
    内循环风道，包括依次连通的内循环进风口、所述热风通道以及内循环出风口，所述热风通道和所述内循环出风口之间设置有内循环风机，所述内循环出风口位于所述壳体的下端；
    制冷机构，包括通过管路连接的压缩机、冷凝器以及蒸发器，所述冷凝器布置于所述外循环风道，所述蒸发器布置于所述内循环风道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述换热器为两个并且竖向布置，两个所述换热器对称分布在所述内腔的两侧。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述内循环进风口位于所述壳体的侧面，所述热风通道的进口朝向所述内循环进风口，所述热风通道的出口朝向所述内腔的中心。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述蒸发器连接于所述换热器，并且所述蒸发器覆盖所述热风通道的出口。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述壳体设置有位于所述内腔下部的隔板，所述隔板设置有风管，所述风管为所述内循环风道的一部分，所述内循环风机连接于所述隔板并且位于所述风管的端口。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述冷风通道的出口位于所述换热器的上端，所述冷风通道的入口位于所述换热器的下端，所述 外循环进风口位于所述壳体的侧面并连通所述冷风通道的入口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述喷淋器布置在所述换热器的上端，所述喷淋器朝向所述冷风通道。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述冷凝器连接于所述喷淋器，并且位于所述喷淋器的上方。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述外循环风机位于所述冷凝器的上方，并且向上吹风，所述外循环出风口位于所述外循环风机的上方。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述壳体设置有接水盘，所述接水盘位于所述换热器的下方以承接从所述换热器流下的水。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述接水盘连接有水泵，所述水泵的输出管连接所述喷淋器。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述接水盘连接有加热器，所述加热器被设置为加热所述接水盘。
  13. 根据权利要求1或2所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述喷淋器连接于所述换热器的中部或者下部，所述喷淋器设置有多个喷头，所述喷头向所述冷风通道的内部喷水。
  14. 根据权利要求1或2所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述换热器为竖直布置或者倾斜布置。
  15. 根据权利要求1或2所述的间接蒸发冷却设备，其中，所述壳体的外壁设置有保温层。
PCT/CN2022/080737 2021-08-04 2022-03-14 间接蒸发冷却设备 WO2023010853A1 (zh)

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