WO2023007446A1 - Procédé de surveillance de déformation mécanique d'une surface de bande, et bande et capteur comprenant un élément de surveillance de déformation mécanique - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance de déformation mécanique d'une surface de bande, et bande et capteur comprenant un élément de surveillance de déformation mécanique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023007446A1
WO2023007446A1 PCT/IB2022/057040 IB2022057040W WO2023007446A1 WO 2023007446 A1 WO2023007446 A1 WO 2023007446A1 IB 2022057040 W IB2022057040 W IB 2022057040W WO 2023007446 A1 WO2023007446 A1 WO 2023007446A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
apertures
material layer
elastic material
aperture
active zone
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2022/057040
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English (en)
Inventor
Gaetano Cascini
Branco JUAN
Original Assignee
Politecnico Di Milano
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Politecnico Di Milano filed Critical Politecnico Di Milano
Publication of WO2023007446A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023007446A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates, in general, to the monitoring of mechanical deformations of solid bodies.
  • the present invention concerns a method for monitoring the elastic and/or plastic deformation of a surface, for example, said surface is the surface of a metal band.
  • deformation sensors are known in the art, which are also referred to as strain gauges, which can monitor the deformation of a surface of an object.
  • known deformation sensors comprise a resistive element that permits detecting, as a function of a change in its own resistance, a variation that has occurred in the original length of the body.
  • Mechanochromic sensors are also known, which are based on a film of polymeric material comprising mechano/piezochromic materials. Such a film of polymeric material provides a means suitable for quantitatively measuring, through a change in colour, the local deformation of an interface.
  • Another category of products having similar functionality includes crackmeters used, for example, for measuring the progress of cracks and clefts in walls.
  • the Applicant noticed that the methods and devices known in the art for monitoring surface deformations do not allow for naked-eye monitoring, and may require the use of dedicated acquisition systems such as strain gauges or MEMs. Even more importantly, such dedicated acquisition systems require, in order to work properly, a power supply system that results in increased space occupation.
  • the Applicant has tackled the problem of providing an alternative method for monitoring and/or assessing surface deformations which can overcome the above- mentioned problems.
  • the Applicant has tackled the problem of providing a metal band equipped with an element that permits monitoring any elastic and/or plastic deformation of such band.
  • the present invention provides a method for monitoring the deformation of a surface of a band, comprising: applying an elastic material layer on said surface, covering it at least partially, wherein said elastic material layer has a substantially elongated shape and is engaged on said surface at two opposite ends, covering at least a portion of said surface; wherein said elastic material layer has an active zone comprising a plurality of through apertures; each aperture having a substantially elongated shape, wherein each aperture is adapted to deform, as a function of the elastic or plastic deformation of said surface, between:
  • said elastic material layer has a first colour and said method comprises, before applying said elastic material layer on said surface, colouring said surface with at least a second colour.
  • said second colour is in chromatic contrast with said first colour.
  • said plurality of through apertures comprise a plurality of first apertures and a plurality of second apertures, said first apertures and said second apertures being perpendicular to each other.
  • each aperture of said plurality of apertures has, in said first configuration, a length equal to at least half the thickness of the active zone.
  • each aperture of said plurality of apertures has, in said first configuration, a length equal to at least 0.5 mm.
  • At least a part of said first apertures lie on a straight line disposed parallel to a longitudinal development direction of said elastic material layer; wherein a second aperture is interposed between two successive first apertures of said at least a part of said first apertures.
  • the minimum distance between a respective first aperture and an adjacent second aperture is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm and the active zone has a thickness in the range of 0.7 to 1 mm.
  • said elastic material layer has at least two reinforced sections at said opposite ends attached to said surface.
  • said at least two reinforced sections correspond to a respective portion of said elastic material layer without apertures.
  • said elastic material layer has a plurality of active zones.
  • adjacent active zones are separated by a portion of said elastic material layer without apertures.
  • said elastic material layer comprises a lateral perimeter without apertures on at least one side of said active zone.
  • the present invention provides a band comprising a main body having a substantially annular conformation; wherein said main body has, on an outer surface portion, an elastic material layer; wherein said elastic material layer comprises an active zone comprising a plurality of through apertures; each through aperture having a substantially elongated shape and being adapted to deform, as a function of the elastic and/or plastic deformation of said outer surface portion, between:
  • the present invention provides a sensor for sensing the deformation of the surface of a band.
  • Said sensor comprises an elastic material layer having a substantially elongated shape and having two opposite ends which can be engaged on a surface of the main body of said band, thus covering at least a portion of said surface; wherein said elastic material layer has an active zone interposed between said two ends and comprising a plurality of through apertures; each aperture having a substantially elongated shape, wherein each aperture is adapted to deform, as a function of the elastic or plastic deformation of said surface, between:
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows an elastic material layer according to the present invention, applied on a generic surface
  • FIG. 3 shows a detail of the pattern of an elastic material layer according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a detail of the pattern of an elastic material layer according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows an elastic material layer equipped with one deformable zone
  • FIG. 6 shows an elastic material layer equipped with two deformable zones
  • FIG. 7 shows an elastic material layer equipped with three deformable zones
  • - Figure 8 shows the transition of an elastic material layer from a substantially closed first configuration to a substantially open second configuration
  • - Figure 9 shows a band provided with an elastic material layer according to the present invention.
  • the monitoring method according to the present invention is based on an elastic material layer 10.
  • the elastic material layer 10 is made of an elastomeric material.
  • the elastic material layer 10 is preferably made of a material selected from: styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), silicone, latex or natural rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (PU) and butyl rubber. Even more preferably, the elastic material layer 10 is made of polyurethane (PU) or butyl rubber.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has a substantially elongated shape, and has a first end 11 and a second end 12. The first end 11 and the second end 12 are opposite to each other.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has a substantially rectangular shape, wherein the first end 11 and the second end 12 substantially correspond to the minor sides of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has an active zone 20.
  • the active zone 20 comprises a plurality of through apertures 21.
  • Each aperture 21 has a substantially elongated shape.
  • the length of each aperture 21 is one to three times the thickness of the elastic material layer 10, more preferably greater than at least 150% of the thickness of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the active zone 20 corresponds to a portion of the elastic material layer 10 where a plurality of cuts have been made, thereby forming the plurality of apertures 21.
  • Such through cuts may be made, for example, by water cutting.
  • the active zone 20 has a substantially rectangular shape.
  • each aperture 21 in the active zone 20 is adapted to deform, at least perpendicularly to its longitudinal axis.
  • each aperture 21 will deform when the elastic material layer 10 is stretched along a generic axis, thus becoming wider.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has, when it is not subject to tension, a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm to 1 mm.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has a constant thickness when it is not subject to tension.
  • the first end 11, the second end 12 and the active zone 20 have substantially the same thickness.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has a substantially rectangular shape and is engaged on a surface 100, thus covering it at least partially, i.e. covering a surface portion 100’.
  • the elastic material layer 10 is engaged on the surface 100 at its opposite ends 11 , 12.
  • the first end 11 and the second end 12 are engaged on the surface 100, leaving a central portion of the elastic material layer 10 free.
  • Said central portion comprises the active zone 20.
  • first end 11 and the second end 12 of the elastic material layer 10 are glued to the surface 100; preferably, the glue is applied - outside the active zone 20 - onto a respective portion 1T, 12’ of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the Applicant observes that, when the surface 100 undergoes an elastic or plastic deformation, also the elastic material layer 10 will become deformed. In particular, the elastic material layer 10 will deform at least in the active zone 20.
  • the plurality of apertures 21 - created in the active zone 20 - will become deformed between:
  • a thickness of the active zone 20 of 0.7 mm to 1 mm ensures an adequate tensile strength while providing a good view of the surface 100’ covered by the active zone 20, even from different angles.
  • each aperture of the plurality of apertures 21 has an idle length equal to or greater than 0.5 mm.
  • idle length refers to the length of a generic aperture 21 when the elastic material layer 10 is not stretched or deformed.
  • a ratio between the thickness of the active zone 20 and the idle length of the apertures 21 having a value in the range of 1 to 3, preferably of 2, ensures a deformation of the elastic material layer 10 with no fractures in the active zone 20, while also ensuring the proper operation of the active zone 20, i.e. the switching of said active zone 20 between a substantially closed first configuration and a substantially open second configuration.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has a first colour.
  • the surface 100 has a second colour.
  • Such second colour is preferably in contrast with the first colour of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the surface 100 does not have a colour in contrast with the first colour of the elastic material layer 10, prior to applying the elastic material layer 10 and covering at least a portion of the surface 100 it is preferable to colour said portion of the surface 100 with at least a second colour in contrast with the colour of the elastic material layer 10.
  • apertures 21 may be arranged in accordance with different geometric configurations.
  • Figure 3 shows a substantially “triangle-shaped” configuration
  • Figure 4 shows a substantially “rectangle-shaped” configuration of the apertures 21.
  • Figure 3 and Figure 4 are not in scale; in particular, the active zone 20 has been suitably magnified to better show the arrangement of the apertures 21.
  • the apertures 21 are grouped into groups including three apertures 21a, 21b, 21c.
  • the three apertures 21 a, 21 b, 21 c are made in such a way as to form a mutual angle of 120°.
  • the three apertures 21a, 21b, 21c are made in such a way as to form a mutual angle of 120° and to have one end in common at the central point of symmetry C.
  • a plurality of groups of three apertures 21a, 21b, 21c are made as described above in the active zone 21.
  • said plurality of groups of three apertures 21a, 21 b, 21 c are made in such a way as to obtain the utmost deformation due to the rotation of the triangular structures comprised between the apertures.
  • points of symmetry C1 , C2, C3, C4 of respective groups of three apertures are arranged at the vertices of a rhombus.
  • the sides of said rhombus have a length equal to or greater than the length of a single aperture 21 plus at least 10% of the length of said aperture 21 , preferably plus 20% of the length of said aperture 21.
  • the plurality of apertures 21 comprise substantially horizontal first apertures 21’ and substantially vertical second apertures 21”.
  • substantially horizontal apertures refers to apertures 21 obtained by cutting parallelly to the longitudinal development axis Y-Y of the elastic material layer 10; the term “substantially vertical apertures” refers to apertures 21 obtained by cutting perpendicularly to the longitudinal development axis Y-Y of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the plurality of through apertures 21 comprise a plurality of first apertures 21 ’ and a plurality of second apertures 21 ”, wherein the first apertures 21 ’ and the second apertures 21” are perpendicular to each other.
  • At least a part of said first apertures 2T lie on a straight line A-A disposed parallel to the longitudinal development axis Y-Y of the elastic material layer 10.
  • a respective second aperture 21” is interposed between two successive first apertures 2T.
  • the minimum distance X1 between a first aperture 21’ and an adjacent second aperture 21” is in the range of 0.1 to 0.8 mm, preferably 0.15 to 0.2 mm.
  • the straight line A-A passes through a number of second apertures 21”, preferably crossing them at the median point of each second aperture 21”.
  • an active zone 20 is formed which has an auxetic behaviour.
  • the apertures 21 when said active zone 20 is deformed, e.g. longitudinally, the apertures 21 will move and/or widen and/or deform, thus causing an expansion of the active zone 20 in a direction substantially transversal to the direction of deformation.
  • the elastic material layer 10 preferably includes at least two reinforced sections 15, 16.
  • the term “reinforced section” refers to a zone of the elastic material layer 10 where there are no through apertures 21 , and whereon the glue for attaching the elastic material layer 10 to the surface 100 is applied.
  • the reinforced sections 15, 16 are provided at least at the opposite ends 11,12 of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the active zone 20 does not extend up to the lateral perimeter 18 of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the apertures 21 start at a minimum distance of 0.5 mm from the lateral perimeter 18, preferably at a minimum distance of 1 mm from the lateral perimeter 18.
  • the expression “lateral perimeter 18” refers to the major sides of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the Applicant observes that, if no cuts (i.e. apertures 21 ) are made in a perimetric region of the elastic material layer 10, tensile strength is improved without reducing the visual effect when the elastic material layer 10 is deformed longitudinally or along other directions.
  • the perimetric zone 18 without apertures 21 prevents the occurrence of undesired fractures or tears starting from the perimetric zone 18 and developing towards the active zone 20, i.e. it prevents fractures from developing inwards from the perimeter of the elastic material layer 10 when the latter is subjected to a deformation.
  • the elastic material layer 10 preferably has a plurality of active zones 20a, 20b, 20c.
  • adjacent active zones 20a, 20b, 20c are separated by a separation portion 28a, 28b, i.e. by a portion of the elastic material layer 10 without apertures 21.
  • the active zones 20a, 20b, 20c have the same pattern.
  • the active zones 20a, 20b, 20c have all the same geometric arrangement of the respective apertures 21.
  • each active zone 20a, 20b, 20c has a “rectangle-shaped” pattern of its plurality of apertures 21 and the same area of the patterned surface.
  • the active zones 20a, 20b, 20c may have different patterns.
  • the active zones 20a, 20b, 20c on the same elastic material layer 10 may have the respective apertures 21 arranged in a “rectangle” or “triangle” configuration.
  • adjacent apertures in the active zones 20a, 20b, 20c may have different lengths and different distances.
  • the active zones 20a, 20b, 20c are disposed along the longitudinal development axis Y-Y of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the portions of the surface 100 that are covered by different active zones 20 have different colours.
  • the colour of the surface 100 covered by the external active zones 20a, 20c is different from the colour used for the surface covered by the central active zone 20b.
  • the elastic material layer 10 has a substantially black colour; the surface under the first external active zone 20a is green, the surface under the central active zone 20b is red; the surface under the second external active zone 20c is green.
  • the Applicant observes that, the pattern being equal, the central active zone 20b will require a greater deformation of the surface 100 to switch from the substantially closed first configuration to the substantially open second configuration; therefore, the appearance of a different colour will allow the user to immediately realize that an undesired deformation of the surface 100 has occurred.
  • Figure 8 shows the state of an active zone 20 under different tensile stress conditions; in particular, it shows:
  • the Applicant observes that the transition from the first configuration D1 (i.e. from a substantially null deformation condition) to a deformed configuration D2, D3 (i.e. to a condition in which the surface 100, and hence the elastic material layer 10, has undergone a deformation along at least one direction) causes a deformation of a plurality of apertures 21 of the active zones 20 and an angular displacement of the structures comprised between the apertures 21 of the active zone 20.
  • the surface 100 shown through the active zone 20 will also increase, thereby providing quick feedback about the elastic and/or plastic deformation undergone by the surface 100.
  • the Applicant also observes that it is possible to obtain active zones 20 having different sensitivity by placing adjacent apertures 21 at different mutual distances. For example, an active zone 20 where adjacent apertures 21 are farther spread apart will be less sensitive to deformations of the surface 100; an active zone 20 where adjacent apertures 21 are closer to each other will provide greater sensitivity to deformations of the surface 100.
  • the active zones 20 can be easily calibrated
  • the above-described monitoring method is applicable to a band 200.
  • the band 200 may be a band employed in the automotive industry, in the shipbuilding industry, in production machinery, etc.
  • the band 200 comprises a main body 210 and, preferably, a tensioning element 220.
  • the main body 210 has a substantially annular conformation.
  • the main body 210 is made of metallic material.
  • the tensioning element 220 is adapted to reduce the diameter of the main body 210.
  • the tensioning element 220 may be a screw-type mechanism adapted to tighten the band 200 by moving the ends of the main body 210 closer to each other, thereby reducing the diameter of the main body 210.
  • the main body 210 has, on an outer surface portion 100 thereof, an elastic material layer 10.
  • the elastic material layer 10 includes an active zone 20 comprising a plurality of through apertures 21 made as previously described herein, and has a first end 11 and a second end 12.
  • the length of the elastic material layer 10, i.e. the distance between the first end 11 and the second end 12 in the idle condition, can be chosen as a function of the portion of the surface 100 to be monitored, and may even cover the whole outer surface of the main body 210 of the band 200.
  • Each through aperture 21 has a substantially elongated shape and is adapted to deform, as a function of the elastic and/or plastic deformation of the outer surface portion 100, between:
  • the elastic material layer 10 is attached to the portion of the surface 100 by means of a glue applied to the first and second ends 11 , 12 of the elastic material layer 10.
  • the portion of the surface 100 which is covered by at least the active zone 21 has a colour in contrast with the colour of the elastic material forming the active zone 20.
  • the Applicant observes that the behaviour of the active zone 20, i.e. its capability of showing a portion of the surface it covers as a function of the deformation of the active zone 20 and/or of the covered surface portion, is similar to a quasi- piezochromic effect. This property is based on a perceived colour change triggered by planar deformation (in one or more directions) of the active zone 20.
  • the Applicant observes that the quasi-piezochromic effect derives from the arrangement of the apertures 21 in the active zone 20 and from the deformation of two surfaces: - the external one, i.e. the outer surface of the active zone 20, with a pattern of apertures 21 not visible at idle; and
  • the apertures 21 will move and/or widen and/or deform, thus revealing what lies underneath the active zone 20, i.e. the covered surface 100 and, optionally, a colour in contrast with the colour of the active zone 20.
  • the apertures 21 are preferably made in such a way that the active area 20 will show an auxetic behaviour; in particular, during the deformation of the active zone 20, the apertures 21 will become wider and/or deformed, while the surface between adjacent apertures 21 (e.g. the one visible in Figure 6, which has a geometric shape similar to a small rectangle 22) will move and rotate, showing the underlying surface 100.
  • metamaterials having the above-described characteristics for making the elastic material layer 10 will ensure an accurate response of the latter as a deformation sensor also in a region of the surface to be monitored which is small in size and which is subject to small deformations.
  • the colour under the active zone 20 is shown gradually during a deformation of the surface 100, and permits an immediate interpretation by an observer.
  • the band 200 is provided with a deformation monitoring device, but its cost does not increase much;
  • the band 200 can be installed without using specific electromechanical tools
  • the band 200 provides a monitoring function without interfering with the system that comprises the band 200 itself;
  • the band 200 is suitable for people suffering from daltonism problems, when the surface 100 has a colour in contrast with the elastic material layer 10.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de surveillance de déformation d'une surface (100) de bande (200), comprenant : l'application d'une couche de matériau élastique (10) sur ladite surface (100), la recouvrant au moins partiellement, ladite couche de matériau élastique (10) ayant une forme sensiblement rectangulaire et étant en prise sur ladite surface (100) à deux extrémités opposées (11, 12) ; ladite couche de matériau élastique (10) ayant une zone active (20) comprenant une pluralité d'ouvertures traversantes (21) ; chaque ouverture (21) ayant une forme sensiblement allongée, chaque ouverture (21) étant adaptée pour se déformer, en fonction de la déformation élastique ou plastique de ladite surface (100), entre : une première configuration, sensiblement fermée, ladite pluralité d'ouvertures traversantes (21) empêchant de voir ladite surface couverte (100) ; et une seconde configuration, sensiblement ouverte, ladite pluralité d'ouvertures traversantes (21) permettant de voir, au moins partiellement, ladite surface couverte (100). L'invention concerne également une bande et un capteur.
PCT/IB2022/057040 2021-07-30 2022-07-29 Procédé de surveillance de déformation mécanique d'une surface de bande, et bande et capteur comprenant un élément de surveillance de déformation mécanique WO2023007446A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102021000020414A IT202100020414A1 (it) 2021-07-30 2021-07-30 Metodo per il monitoraggio della deformazione meccanica di una superficie e fascetta comprendente un elemento per monitorare la deformazione meccanica di detta fascetta
IT102021000020414 2021-07-30

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WO2023007446A1 true WO2023007446A1 (fr) 2023-02-02

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PCT/IB2022/057051 WO2023007448A1 (fr) 2021-07-30 2022-07-29 Procédé de surveillance de déformation mécanique d'une surface d'un produit manufacturé, capteur de déformation mécanique et produit manufacturé comprenant ledit capteur
PCT/IB2022/057040 WO2023007446A1 (fr) 2021-07-30 2022-07-29 Procédé de surveillance de déformation mécanique d'une surface de bande, et bande et capteur comprenant un élément de surveillance de déformation mécanique

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PCT/IB2022/057051 WO2023007448A1 (fr) 2021-07-30 2022-07-29 Procédé de surveillance de déformation mécanique d'une surface d'un produit manufacturé, capteur de déformation mécanique et produit manufacturé comprenant ledit capteur

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2487979A2 (fr) * 1980-01-03 1982-02-05 Stas Soc Tech Access Spec Temoin de fatigue
US4700715A (en) * 1981-11-23 1987-10-20 Levine Robert A Device for detecting nocturnal penile erections
US20160370164A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2016-12-22 Etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'armement Amplified passive and reversible micro-sensor of deformations
US20170038268A1 (en) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Sensata Technologies, Inc. Sensor substrate
SE1700147A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2018-11-20 Ortrud Medical Ab Tourniquet
US10345179B2 (en) * 2017-02-14 2019-07-09 General Electric Company Passive strain indicator
US20210085335A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2021-03-25 Ortrud Medical Ab Medical compression device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2487979A2 (fr) * 1980-01-03 1982-02-05 Stas Soc Tech Access Spec Temoin de fatigue
US4700715A (en) * 1981-11-23 1987-10-20 Levine Robert A Device for detecting nocturnal penile erections
US20160370164A1 (en) * 2013-07-02 2016-12-22 Etat Francais Represente Par Le Delegue General Pour L'armement Amplified passive and reversible micro-sensor of deformations
US20170038268A1 (en) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Sensata Technologies, Inc. Sensor substrate
US10345179B2 (en) * 2017-02-14 2019-07-09 General Electric Company Passive strain indicator
SE1700147A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2018-11-20 Ortrud Medical Ab Tourniquet
US20210085335A1 (en) * 2017-07-17 2021-03-25 Ortrud Medical Ab Medical compression device

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WO2023007448A1 (fr) 2023-02-02

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