WO2023005612A1 - Antenne à lentille multifaisceau et dispositif d'antenne - Google Patents

Antenne à lentille multifaisceau et dispositif d'antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023005612A1
WO2023005612A1 PCT/CN2022/103479 CN2022103479W WO2023005612A1 WO 2023005612 A1 WO2023005612 A1 WO 2023005612A1 CN 2022103479 W CN2022103479 W CN 2022103479W WO 2023005612 A1 WO2023005612 A1 WO 2023005612A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
lens
waveguide
feed
rectangular
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/103479
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王灿
张煜
杨云博
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023005612A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005612A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular to a multi-beam lens antenna and antenna equipment.
  • the purpose of this application is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide a multi-beam lens antenna, which can solve the problem of the integrated design of the existing multi-beam lens antenna and radio frequency link, and at the same time realize high-gain radiation beam.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-beam lens antenna, including a lens, an antenna array, and a waveguide assembly
  • the antenna array includes a plurality of antenna feeds printed on a circuit board, and the antenna feeds are used to The radio frequency signal of the radio frequency circuit in the circuit board is converted into a radiation signal
  • the waveguide assembly is arranged between the lens and the antenna array, and the waveguide assembly includes a plurality of rectangular waveguides corresponding to the antenna feed , the rectangular waveguide is used to guide the radiation signal of the antenna feed to the focal point of the lens.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna device, including the multi-beam lens antenna described in the embodiment of the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-beam lens antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna feed source provided by an embodiment of the present application as a one-dimensional line array
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna feed provided by an embodiment of the present application as a two-dimensional array
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a waveguide assembly provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a lens structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the application of a multi-beam lens antenna provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a traditional multi-beam lens antenna feed arrangement.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a traditional multi-beam lens antenna feed arrangement.
  • a traditional multi-beam lens antenna includes a spherical lens 1 , a feed source 2 and a transceiver 3 .
  • the layout of the feed 2 of the traditional multi-beam spherical lens and Lunberg lens antenna is arranged in an arc. In order to maximize the gain, the feed 2 is set at the focus of the spherical lens 1 . Since the layout of the feed source 2 is arranged in an arc shape, but the layout of the radio frequency circuit is a planar structure, it is generally necessary to connect each other through the radio frequency cable 4, which makes the interconnection between the two difficult and increases the insertion loss. big. As shown in FIG. 7 , the feed source 2 and the transceiver 3 are connected through a radio frequency cable 4 .
  • a multi-beam spherical lens antenna is redesigned.
  • the main structure of the multi-beam spherical lens antenna is shown in Figure 1, and its structure will be described in detail below.
  • a multi-beam lens antenna provided by Embodiment 1 of the present application includes a lens 100 , an antenna array 200 and a waveguide assembly 300 .
  • the antenna array 200 includes a plurality of antenna feed sources 210 printed on the circuit board, the antenna feed source 210 is used to convert the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency circuit in the circuit board into a radiation signal, and the radiation direction of the antenna feed source 210 faces the lens 100 Set, the waveguide assembly 300 is arranged between the lens 100 and the antenna array 200, the waveguide assembly 300 includes a plurality of rectangular waveguides 310 corresponding to the antenna feed 210, the rectangular waveguides 310 are used to guide the radiation signal of the antenna feed 210 to the lens 100 focus.
  • the radiation direction of the antenna feed 210 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the lens 100 , the number of the antenna feed 210 included in FIG. 1 is at least one, and a plurality of antenna feeds 210 are arranged in an array.
  • the multi-beam spherical lens antenna adopts the waveguide component 300 to convert the electromagnetic energy radiated by the antenna feed 210 arranged on the antenna array 200 to the focal point of the lens 100, thereby realizing multiple high-gain beams.
  • the lens 100 is a dielectric lens, which is a three-dimensional structure capable of passing electromagnetic waves and whose refractive index is not equal to 1.
  • the spherical wave or cylindrical wave emitted by the point source or the line source can be transformed into a plane wave through the lens 100, so that a pencil-shaped or fan-shaped beam can be obtained.
  • the refractive index of the lens 100 may be a function of position, and the shape of the lens 100 determines the surface field distribution.
  • the lens 100 can be made of a natural medium with a refractive index n greater than 1, or can be made of an artificial medium structure composed of a metal grid or a metal sheet.
  • the lens 100 of the multi-beam spherical lens antenna is any one of a spherical lens, an ellipsoidal lens or a hemispherical lens.
  • a spherical lens is taken as an example to describe in detail.
  • the lens antenna applies optical principles to microwave antennas.
  • the working principle of the lens antenna depends on the phenomenon of refraction.
  • the lens of the lens antenna is made of dielectric materials.
  • the point radiation source is placed at the focal point of the lens, and the part that reaches the center of the lens Rays reaching and closer to the edge of the lens have a greater curvature than rays that reach the edge of the lens. Therefore, rays closer to the edge are refracted more than rays closer to the center.
  • rays closer to the edge are refracted more than rays closer to the center.
  • rays arriving parallel to the axis of the lens are focused.
  • Placed at the focal point of the feed antenna the spherical wave emitted by the point source is converted during transmission. into a plane wave.
  • the main function of the spherical lens is to concentrate the radiated power of the antenna feed 210 in a specific direction, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna.
  • the radius of the spherical lens is R, and the larger the radius of the spherical lens, the narrower the beam, and the higher the gain of the multi-beam spherical lens antenna. Therefore, the radius of the spherical lens can be selected according to different gain requirements.
  • a multi-beam lens antenna provided by Embodiment 2 of the present application includes a lens 100 , an antenna array 200 and a waveguide assembly 300 .
  • the antenna array 200 includes a plurality of antenna feed sources 210 printed on the circuit board, and the plurality of antenna feed sources 210 are arranged along the length direction of the circuit board.
  • the antenna feed 210 is used to convert the radio frequency signal of the radio frequency circuit in the circuit board into a radiation signal, the radiation direction of the antenna feed 210 is set towards the lens 100, the waveguide assembly 300 is arranged between the lens 100 and the antenna array 200, the waveguide assembly 300 It includes a plurality of rectangular waveguides 310 corresponding to the antenna feed 210 , and the rectangular waveguides 310 are used to guide the radiation signal of the antenna feed 210 to the focal point of the lens 100 .
  • the antenna feeds 210 are printed and arranged on the circuit board in a one-dimensional linear arrangement, and the antenna feeds 210 are arranged in a one-dimensional linear arrangement along the x-axis direction.
  • a radio frequency circuit is arranged on the circuit board, and the radio frequency circuit can generate a radio frequency signal, and the radio frequency signal is converted into a radiation signal in the form of an electromagnetic wave through the antenna feed 210 .
  • the radio frequency circuit works, and its transmitted radio frequency signal is transported to the antenna feed source 210 through the feeder line.
  • the antenna feed source 210 After the antenna feed source 210 receives the radio frequency signal, it can convert the radio frequency signal into a radiation signal in the form of electromagnetic wave and radiate it out.
  • the radiation signal passes through the waveguide assembly.
  • the rectangular waveguide 310 of 300 is directed to the focal point of the lens 100 .
  • the circuit board is planar, and the antenna feed source 210 planar array is arranged on the circuit board, and the antenna feed source 210 is connected to the radio frequency circuit through a feed line.
  • the lens antenna of this solution does not need to use radio frequency connection Therefore, the device has the advantages of relatively simple structure, small insertion loss, relatively high radiation efficiency, low profile, simple installation process, and low cost.
  • the antenna feed 210 is an important part of an antenna such as a lens antenna. Its function is to radiate the radio frequency power from the feeder to the lens in the form of electromagnetic waves, so that it can generate a suitable field distribution on the aperture to form the required sharp beam or shaped beam, and at the same time make the edge of the reflective surface or lens etc. The leaked power should be kept as small as possible in order to achieve as high a gain as possible.
  • the antenna feed 210 may be a microstrip antenna feed or a horn antenna feed.
  • horn antenna feeds have simple structure, wide frequency band, large power capacity, and are easy to adjust and use. Depending on the size of the horn antenna feed, different radiation characteristics can be obtained.
  • the antenna feed 210 can be designed as a dual-polarized antenna feed.
  • the dual-polarized antenna feed combines two antenna feeds whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other at +45° and -45° and simultaneously works in a duplex mode of sending and receiving.
  • the dual-polarized antenna feed can reduce the number of antenna feeds, and at the same time, because in the dual-polarized antenna feed, the polarization orthogonality of ⁇ 45° can ensure that the +45° and -45° two antenna feeds The isolation between them meets the requirements of intermodulation for antenna spacing.
  • the spatial interval between the dual-polarized antenna feeds only needs to be 20-30cm, and the dual-polarized antenna feeds can reduce insertion loss and interference.
  • the dual-polarized antenna feeds can reduce insertion loss and interference.
  • ⁇ 45° is orthogonal polarization, diversity is effectively guaranteed Received good results.
  • a dual-polarized antenna feed with high isolation is applied to realize multi-beam dual-polarized radiation and increase system capacity.
  • a dual-polarized microstrip antenna feed is used as the antenna feed 210.
  • the isolation of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna feed is greater than 30dB, which can easily stimulate the Dual polarized radiation pattern with higher isolation.
  • a multi-beam lens antenna provided in Embodiment 3 of the present application includes a lens 100 , an antenna array 200 and a waveguide assembly 300 .
  • the antenna array 200 includes a plurality of antenna feed sources 210 printed on the circuit board, and the plurality of antenna feed sources 210 are arranged in a row or a column and arranged on the circuit board, and the waveguide assembly 300 is arranged between the lens 100 and the antenna array 200 Between them, the waveguide assembly 300 includes a plurality of rectangular waveguides 310 corresponding to the antenna feed 210 , and the rectangular waveguides 310 are used to guide the radiation signal of the antenna feed 210 to the focus of the lens 100 .
  • the arrangement of the rectangular waveguides 310 of the waveguide assembly 300 is consistent with the arrangement of the antenna feeds 210, the rectangular waveguides 310 are arranged in a row and set in one-to-one correspondence with the antenna feeds 210, and the rectangular waveguides 310 guide the radiation signals of the antenna feeds 210 to the focal point of the lens 100.
  • the number of beams of the multi-beam lens antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the number of antenna feeds 210 , and the number of rectangular waveguides 310 of the waveguide assembly 300 is correspondingly adjusted according to the number of antenna feeds 210 .
  • the surface of the rectangular waveguide 310 located on both sides of the waveguide assembly 300 is higher on the outside and lower on the inside, so as to form a slope on the surface of the rectangular waveguide 310.
  • the surfaces of the rectangular waveguides 310 on both sides of the waveguide assembly 300 are set in the form of high outside and low inside, so that the top surface of the waveguide assembly 300 forms a groove structure, and the lens 100 can directly pass through the groove structure. Installation, on the one hand, can play the role of fixing and installing the lens 100.
  • the top surface of the rectangular waveguide 310 is designed to be grooved to match the lens 100, which can ensure the antenna feed of the antenna array 200 located at the bottom of the waveguide assembly 300
  • the radiation signal emitted by 210 can be guided to the focal point of the lens 100, and at the same time, the antenna feed 210 of the antenna array 200 can be arranged in a horizontal plane.
  • the waveguide assembly 300 is a center-symmetric structure, and the rectangular waveguide 310 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis.
  • the waveguide assembly 300 includes four rectangular waveguides 310 , and the four rectangular waveguides 310 include two first rectangular waveguides with oblique surfaces on both sides and two second rectangular waveguides in the middle.
  • four rectangular waveguides 310 are arranged at intervals, and the number of antenna feeds 210 is set linearly corresponding to the waveguide assembly 300 .
  • the number of rectangular waveguides 310 can also be set more, and can be set according to needs, and the setting of other numbers of rectangular waveguides 310 is within the scope of protection of this solution.
  • the rectangular waveguide 310 is a square, and the size of the rectangular waveguide 310 is A*A, wherein, in actual use, the size of the rectangular waveguide 310 is generally designed to be greater than 0.5 times the wavelength of electromagnetic waves in air.
  • the surface of the rectangular waveguide 310 located on both sides of the waveguide assembly 300 is high on the outside and low on the inside, so as to form a slope on the surface of the rectangular waveguide 310.
  • the inclination angle of the surface of the rectangular waveguide 310 is ⁇ , which determines the scanning range of the beam, and can be designed differently.
  • the slope of the inclined angle ⁇ so as to obtain different scanning ranges.
  • the slope is an arc slope or a plane slope.
  • the above-mentioned waveguide assembly 300 has four rectangular waveguides 310 as an example for detailed description.
  • the top surfaces of the two first rectangular waveguides are provided with arc-shaped surfaces
  • the two second rectangular waveguides are arranged between the two first rectangular waveguides
  • the top surfaces of the second rectangular waveguides are planar
  • the first rectangular waveguides and the second rectangular waveguides An arc-shaped slope is formed, and the arc-shaped slope can better match the shape of the lens 100 .
  • the inclined plane is a plane inclined plane, it is the same as that described above, and will not be described in detail here.
  • Rectangular waveguide 310 can only transmit TE wave or TM wave. Rectangular waveguide 310 has degenerate mode, main mode and single-mode transmission. Various TM modes and TE modes and their linear combinations can appear in rectangular waveguide 310. When the working wavelength is less than When the cut-off wavelengths of various modes, or when the working frequency is greater than the cut-off frequencies of various modes, these modes are transmission modes, therefore, the rectangular waveguide 310 can form multi-mode transmission.
  • the cut-off frequency of a rectangular waveguide is not only related to the wave mode and waveguide size, but also related to the medium filled in the waveguide.
  • the rectangular waveguide 310 has greater power handling and less attenuation.
  • Each antenna feed 210 is guided by the guide of the rectangular waveguide 310 , and the radiation signal emitted by the antenna feed 210 is guided to the focal point of the lens 100 through the rectangular waveguide 310 . Therefore, the rectangular waveguide 310 can be set independently according to the position of each antenna feed source 210, which can facilitate adjustment according to the position of each antenna feed source 210, but such setting requires each rectangular waveguide 310 to be installed separately, which increases the installation cost. workload.
  • the rectangular waveguide 310 may also be provided in an integrated manner. According to the arrangement of the antenna feeds 210, the rectangular waveguides 310 are set in one-to-one correspondence with the antenna feeds 210, so that each rectangular waveguide 310 can correspond to the antenna feeds 210 at one time, and the installation is convenient and fast.
  • the waveguide component 300 is a metal waveguide structure.
  • the cover plate of the shielding cavity of the circuit board and the waveguide assembly 300 are designed integrally.
  • the metal waveguide structure can be made of copper, aluminum or other metal materials.
  • the metal waveguide structure is characterized by simple structure, high mechanical strength, no inner conductor in the waveguide structure, low loss, and large power capacity. Electromagnetic energy is formed in the metal waveguide structure.
  • the internal space of the rectangular waveguide 310 is guided and propagated, which can prevent external electromagnetic waves from leaking and play a shielding role.
  • the metal waveguide structure also plays a role of supporting the lens 100 and the antenna array 200 .
  • the electromagnetic energy of the antenna feed 210 arranged planarly on the radio frequency circuit of the metal waveguide structure is converted to the focal point of the lens, thereby realizing a high-gain beam and avoiding the loss caused by the use of millimeter-wave radio frequency connectors.
  • the metal waveguide structure It is easy to be integrated with the RF circuit shielding cavity, which realizes the simplification of the whole machine structure and is easy to assemble and install. Compared with the millimeter-wave RF connector, the cost is lower, and it is different from the traditional coaxial probe or microstrip probe to excite the waveguide. In contrast, this solution does not need to use a 1/4 wavelength back cavity, so the structure has less influence on the performance of the antenna due to assembly errors and processing errors.
  • a multi-beam lens antenna provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application includes a lens 100 , an antenna array 200 and a waveguide assembly 300 .
  • the antenna array 200 includes a plurality of antenna feed sources 210 printed on the circuit board, the plurality of antenna feed sources 210 are arranged in a planar array on the circuit board, the waveguide assembly 300 is arranged between the lens 100 and the antenna array 200, and the waveguide assembly 300 It includes a plurality of rectangular waveguides 310 corresponding to the antenna feed 210 , and the rectangular waveguides 310 are used to guide the radiation signal of the antenna feed 210 to the focal point of the lens 100 .
  • the arrangement of the rectangular waveguide 310 of the waveguide assembly 300 is consistent with the arrangement of the antenna feed 210 , realizing two-dimensional scanning.
  • the multi-beam lens antenna is configured as a planar array by configuring the antenna feed 210, as shown in FIG. Dimensions are extended to two dimensions to achieve full space coverage.
  • the antenna feed 210 may use a dual-polarized antenna feed as in the above embodiment, and the planar radiation of dual-polarized multi-beams is realized through the waveguide component 300 .
  • the antenna feed 210 adopts the orthogonal microstrip coupling feeding to conveniently excite the dual-polarized radiation mode with higher isolation, which will not be repeated here.
  • the plurality of rectangular waveguides 310 are also arranged in a planar array corresponding to the antenna feeds 210 one by one.
  • the antenna feed 210 is a two-dimensional array
  • the rectangular waveguides 310 correspond to each antenna feed 210 one by one.
  • each rectangular waveguide 310 can be independently arranged, and each rectangular waveguide 310 can also be arranged integrally, which is similar to a one-dimensional linear array, and will not be described in detail here.
  • an antenna device which includes the multi-beam lens antenna described in the embodiment of the first aspect, and the multi-beam lens antenna is configured as an antenna device for communication.
  • the antenna device further includes a circuit board and a switch 400, and a plurality of antenna feed sources 210 are connected to the radio frequency circuit in the circuit board through the switch 400.
  • the switch 400 includes at least one input terminal and a plurality of output terminals, wherein the input terminal is connected to the radio frequency circuit through a transmission line or a feeder line, and each output terminal is connected to a port of each antenna feed source 210 through a feeder line.
  • the switch 400 is switched to one or more antenna feed sources 210, so that the electromagnetic waves emitted by the antenna feed sources 210 form electromagnetic wave beams, and various electromagnetic wave beams can be generated separately at different times, so as to provide scanning Electromagnetic energy beams.
  • the beam switching is completed by switching the switch 400 , and each polarization shares one radio frequency device, thereby simplifying the link structure and reducing the cost of the device.
  • a waveguide component is used to guide the electromagnetic energy radiated by the antenna array to the focal point of the lens, thereby realizing multiple high-gain beams.
  • the antenna array prints multiple antenna feed sources on the circuit board, which solves the problem of integrated design of the existing multi-beam lens antenna and radio frequency link, and reduces the insertion loss. , and reduce costs and improve product competitiveness.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une antenne à lentille multifaisceau et un dispositif d'antenne. L'antenne à lentille multifaisceau comprend une lentille, un réseau d'antennes et un ensemble guide d'ondes. Le réseau d'antennes comprend une pluralité de sources d'antenne imprimées sur une carte de circuit imprimé, et chaque source d'antenne est configurée pour convertir un signal radioélectrique d'un circuit radioélectrique dans la carte de circuit imprimé en un signal de rayonnement. L'ensemble guide d'ondes est disposé entre la lentille et le réseau d'antennes. L'ensemble guide d'ondes comprend une pluralité de guides d'ondes rectangulaires correspondant aux sources d'antenne, et chaque guide d'ondes rectangulaire est conçu pour guider le signal de rayonnement de la source d'antenne vers le point focal de la lentille.
PCT/CN2022/103479 2021-07-28 2022-07-01 Antenne à lentille multifaisceau et dispositif d'antenne WO2023005612A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110856582.3 2021-07-28
CN202110856582.3A CN115693169A (zh) 2021-07-28 2021-07-28 一种多波束透镜天线及天线设备

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WO2023005612A1 true WO2023005612A1 (fr) 2023-02-02

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1836352A (zh) * 2003-08-12 2006-09-20 汽车系统实验室公司 多波束天线
WO2007149746A2 (fr) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Antenne multi-faisceau à lentille diélectrique partagée
CN108736171A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2018-11-02 成都泰格微波技术股份有限公司 一种大角度扫描多波束透镜天线
CN109742556A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-05-10 东南大学 一种宽带圆极化毫米波多馈源多波束透镜天线

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1836352A (zh) * 2003-08-12 2006-09-20 汽车系统实验室公司 多波束天线
WO2007149746A2 (fr) * 2006-06-23 2007-12-27 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Antenne multi-faisceau à lentille diélectrique partagée
CN108736171A (zh) * 2018-05-18 2018-11-02 成都泰格微波技术股份有限公司 一种大角度扫描多波束透镜天线
CN109742556A (zh) * 2019-01-23 2019-05-10 东南大学 一种宽带圆极化毫米波多馈源多波束透镜天线

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