WO2023005542A1 - 一种雷电预警方法及雷电预警设备 - Google Patents

一种雷电预警方法及雷电预警设备 Download PDF

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WO2023005542A1
WO2023005542A1 PCT/CN2022/101367 CN2022101367W WO2023005542A1 WO 2023005542 A1 WO2023005542 A1 WO 2023005542A1 CN 2022101367 W CN2022101367 W CN 2022101367W WO 2023005542 A1 WO2023005542 A1 WO 2023005542A1
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electric field
early warning
cloud layer
parameter
warning condition
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PCT/CN2022/101367
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李欣
李博琛
吕庆永
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厦门大恒科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023005542A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023005542A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics

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  • the invention relates to the field of lightning early warning, in particular to a lightning early warning method and lightning early warning equipment.
  • Lightning is an atmospheric discharge phenomenon in strong convective weather, with short discharge time and huge energy.
  • the heat energy generated by the powerful current of lightning, the high-frequency electromagnetic field generated by the area around the lightning, and the strong lightning waves can cause huge damage in an instant, causing casualties, damaging communication equipment, destroying buildings, and causing power distribution devices to break. cause a fire etc. Therefore, accurate and timely early warning before lightning occurs is of great significance to the protection of people's lives and property.
  • the formation of lightning is affected by many factors, such as the geographical and geological characteristics of the area where it occurs, climate characteristics, changes in the surrounding environment, etc., as well as the characteristics of the instantaneous occurrence of lightning, which bring difficulties to the accurate warning of lightning.
  • the atmospheric electric field instrument is used to detect the intensity of the atmospheric electric field for lightning warning, but it is difficult to accurately locate the specific location of lightning, which leads to the inaccurate and timely lightning warning.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an accurate and efficient lightning warning method and lightning warning equipment.
  • the lightning early warning method includes: detecting the atmospheric electric field parameter of the target space; judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the electric field early warning condition; if the electric field early warning condition is not reached, then returning to the step to detect the atmospheric electric field parameter of the target space; if When the electric field early warning condition is reached, the radar is started to scan the cloud layer parameters of the cloud layer; the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient is obtained based on the cloud layer parameter; it is judged whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient reaches the cloud layer parameter early warning condition; if the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is reached, push Early warning signal; if the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is not met, return to the step of detecting the atmospheric electric field parameter in the target space.
  • the cloud layer parameters include that dBz is the echo intensity detected by the radar, h is the height of the cloud layer from the ground, is the distance between the cloud layer and the radar; the step calculates the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient based on the cloud layer parameter, specifically: according to the functional relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the cloud layer parameter Obtain the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient; where, ⁇ is the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient, and k is an empirical parameter.
  • the step of judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient parameter meets the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is specifically: judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient parameter ⁇ is greater than or equal to the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient threshold value ⁇ i , wherein, The cloud layer parameter early warning condition is the preset cloud layer hazard degree coefficient threshold ⁇ i .
  • the lightning early warning method before the step of pushing an early warning signal if the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is reached, the lightning early warning method further includes: generating Radar warning map.
  • the step of judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the electric field warning condition further includes: judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the first-level electric field warning condition; if the first-level electric field warning condition is reached, the step If the electric field early warning condition is reached, then starting the radar to scan the cloud layer parameters of the cloud layer further includes the steps of: starting the radar to periodically scan the cloud layer parameters with a preset time interval; if the first-level electric field early warning condition is not reached, return Said step detects atmospheric electric field parameters in the target space.
  • the step of judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the electric field warning condition further includes: if the first-level electric field warning condition is reached, judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the second-level electric field warning condition; If the secondary electric field warning condition is met, the radar is adjusted to an uninterrupted scanning mode; if the secondary electric field warning condition is not met, return to the step of detecting the atmospheric electric field parameters in the target space.
  • the step of judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the electric field early warning condition further includes: if the secondary electric field early warning condition is reached, then judging whether the pushing target unit has a preset permit; if there is a preset permit , then enter the step to generate a radar warning map based on the atmospheric electric field parameter, the cloud layer parameter, and the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient; if there is no preset permit, then judge whether the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches a third-level electric field Early warning condition; if the three-level electric field early warning condition is reached, then enter the step to generate a radar early warning map based on the atmospheric electric field parameter, the cloud layer parameter, and the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient; if the three-level electric field early warning is not reached condition, return to the step of detecting atmospheric electric field parameters in the target space.
  • the electric field early warning condition is a preset atmospheric electric field parameter threshold
  • the primary electric field early warning condition is a preset primary atmospheric electric field parameter threshold
  • the secondary electric field early warning condition is a preset secondary atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • Electric field parameter threshold, the three-level electric field warning condition is a preset three-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the first-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the second-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, and the third-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold increase in turn large; the step of judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the electric field warning condition is specifically: judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter is greater than or equal to the atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the lightning early warning method further includes: judging whether to continue to push the early warning signal; If the cloud layer parameter warning condition is met, the warning signal will be pushed; if the judgment result is no, the warning signal will be canceled.
  • the invention also provides a lightning early warning device.
  • the lightning early warning equipment includes: an atmospheric electric field instrument for detecting atmospheric electric field parameters in a target space; a radar for detecting cloud layer parameters in clouds in the target space; at least one processor for implementing various programs and controlling all The atmospheric electric field instrument and the radar perform detection operations; at least one memory is used to store and execute at least one program; when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the lightning warning device implements any of the foregoing the method described.
  • the lightning early warning method provided by the present invention detects the atmospheric electric field first, and then detects the cloud layer parameters by radar when the atmospheric electric field detection meets the preset conditions. In order to accurately determine whether lightning warning is required, on the other hand, the efficiency of detection is improved by first performing atmospheric electric field detection and then radar detection.
  • the present invention further proposes a specific method of obtaining the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient based on the cloud layer parameters detected by the radar, so as to more accurately perform lightning warning judgment based on the cloud layer parameters.
  • the present invention also provides a three-level judgment mode for judging electric field early warning conditions, and based on the three-level judgment mode, provides corresponding radar scanning modes and preset permit modes for areas or objects requiring key early warning. Among them, the distinction of radar scanning modes can save resources and improve efficiency; the preset license mode can provide higher warning levels and faster warning sensitivity for areas or objects that require key warnings, ensuring safety protection effects.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an early warning scene of a lightning early warning device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the lightning early warning device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a lightning early warning method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the echo intensity detected by the radar in the embodiment of Fig. 3 .
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the cloud layer height above the ground in the embodiment of Fig. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relative relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the distance between the cloud layer and the radar in the embodiment of FIG. 3 .
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a lightning warning method provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a hierarchical schematic diagram of atmospheric electric field parameters used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lightning warning scene of a lightning warning device 800 provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the lightning early warning device 800 is used to detect the atmospheric electric field parameters of the target space 700 and the cloud layer parameters of the cloud layer 900 , so as to give early warning of the occurrence of lightning in the target space 700 .
  • the lightning warning device 800 includes a processor 802 , a memory 804 , an atmospheric electric field meter 806 and a radar 808 .
  • the processor 802 is used to implement various programs.
  • the memory 804 is used to store at least one program. When the at least one program is executed by the processor 802, the lightning warning device 800 can realize the lightning warning method provided by the present invention.
  • the atmospheric electric field meter 806 is used to detect the atmospheric electric field parameters of the target space 700 under the control of the processor 802 .
  • Radar 808 is used to detect cloud parameters of cloud 900 under the control of processor 802 .
  • a lightning warning method provided by an embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps 102-118.
  • Step 102 detecting atmospheric electric field parameters of the target space 700 .
  • the atmospheric electric field meter 806 shown in FIG. 2 may be used to detect the atmospheric electric field parameters of the target space 700 .
  • Atmospheric electric field parameters include atmospheric electric field strength and other parameters.
  • Step 104 judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the electric field warning condition.
  • the electric field warning condition is a preset atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the atmospheric electric field parameter threshold is set according to past experience values.
  • the threshold value of the atmospheric electric field parameter may also be calculated by performing statistics on the threshold value of the atmospheric parameter within a period of time.
  • a specific method for judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the electric field warning condition is: judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter is greater than or equal to the atmospheric electric field parameter threshold. If the atmospheric electric field parameter is greater than or equal to the atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the electric field early warning condition is met; if the atmospheric electric field parameter is smaller than the atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the atmospheric electric field early warning condition is not met.
  • the atmospheric electric field parameter in this embodiment selects the atmospheric electric field intensity.
  • the electric field strength threshold is selected as 1.5kv/m. When the detected atmospheric electric field strength is greater than or equal to 1.5kv/m, the electric field warning condition is reached. When the detected atmospheric electric field strength is less than 1.5kv/m, the electric field has not yet been reached. warning conditions.
  • Step 106 if the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the electric field warning condition, start the radar to scan the cloud layer parameters in the target space.
  • the cloud layer parameters include: the echo intensity dBz detected by the radar, the height h of the cloud layer from the ground, the distance between the cloud layer and the radar .
  • Step 108 obtaining the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient based on the cloud layer parameters.
  • the functional relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the cloud layer parameters is , where, ⁇ is the cloud layer hazard program coefficient, k is the empirical parameter, dBz is the echo intensity of radar detection, h is the height of the cloud layer above the ground, is the distance between the cloud and the radar.
  • the radar scans to obtain the height h of the cloud layer from the ground, the echo intensity dBz detected by the radar, and the distance between the cloud layer and the radar , and then obtain the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ through the above functional relationship.
  • the echo intensity dBz detected by the radar is greater than 45, the possibility of a lightning strike is high, and when the echo intensity dBz detected by the radar is greater than 50, the possibility of a lightning strike is extremely high.
  • the lower the height of the cloud layer above the ground the greater the cloud hazard program coefficient ⁇ , indicating that the threat of lightning strikes to ground objects is greater.
  • the height of the cloud layer above the ground for key detection ranges from 500m to 5000m.
  • the shorter the distance between the cloud layer and the radar the greater the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ , indicating that the threat caused by lightning strikes to ground objects is greater. Between 20km.
  • Step 110 judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient meets the cloud layer parameter early warning condition.
  • the judgment result of the pre-order step 104 is yes, continue to judge whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient meets the cloud layer parameter warning condition, and can integrate the detection results of the atmospheric electric field and the cloud layer parameter detection results of the radar to more accurately judge whether lightning warning is required .
  • the specific method for judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient reaches the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is as follows: judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ is greater than or equal to the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient threshold ⁇ i , if the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ is greater than or equal to the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient If the coefficient threshold ⁇ i is reached, the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is met. If the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ is smaller than the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient threshold value ⁇ i , the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is not met. If the cloud layer parameter warning condition is not met, return to step 102. If the judgment result of cloud layer detection in step 110 is that the cloud layer parameter warning condition is not met, it is necessary to continue radar scanning to detect subsequent cloud layer parameters. If the cloud layer parameter warning condition is met, go to step 112 .
  • Step 112 generating a radar warning map based on the atmospheric electric field parameters, cloud layer parameters, and cloud layer hazard degree coefficients.
  • the radar warning map shows the location of the cloud layer and the corresponding position parameters, and displays the atmospheric electric field parameters on the map to provide more visual and intuitive lightning warning information.
  • Step 114 push an early warning signal. Based on the judgment result of the detection of the atmospheric electric field based on the pre-order step 104 is to meet the electric field early warning condition, and the judgment result of the cloud layer detection in step 114 is to meet the cloud layer parameter early warning condition, report to the school, oil depot, etc. in advance to be early warning.
  • the unit sends out a lightning warning signal.
  • Step 116 judging whether the warning signal needs to be continuously pushed. If continuous pushing is required, return to step 114. If continuous push is not required, go to step 118.
  • Step 118 cancel the early warning signal.
  • a lightning warning method provided by another embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps 202-228.
  • Step 202 detecting atmospheric electric field parameters of the target space 700 .
  • the atmospheric electric field meter 806 shown in FIG. 2 may be used to detect the atmospheric electric field parameters of the target space 700 .
  • Atmospheric electric field parameters include atmospheric electric field strength and other parameters.
  • Step 204 judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the first-level electric field warning condition.
  • the first-level electric field early warning condition is the preset first-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the threshold value of the primary atmospheric electric field parameter is set according to past experience values. In other embodiments, the threshold value of the primary atmospheric electric field parameter may also be calculated by performing statistics on the threshold value of the primary atmospheric parameter within a period of time.
  • a specific method for judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the first-level electric field warning condition is: judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter is greater than or equal to the first-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the first-level electric field warning condition is reached; if the atmospheric electric field parameter is smaller than the first-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the first-level electric field early warning condition is not met. If the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the first-level electric field warning condition, go to step 206 and go to step 208 at the same time. If the atmospheric electric field parameter does not meet the first-level electric field warning condition, return to step 202 .
  • the atmospheric electric field parameter in this embodiment selects the atmospheric electric field intensity.
  • the first-level electric field strength threshold is selected as 1.5kv/m.
  • the detected atmospheric electric field strength is greater than or equal to 1.5kv/m, the first-level electric field warning condition is reached.
  • the detected atmospheric electric field strength is less than 1.5kv/m, That is, the first-level electric field warning condition has not yet been reached.
  • Step 206 if the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the first-level electric field warning condition, start the radar to periodically scan the cloud layer parameters in the target space at preset time intervals.
  • the cloud layer parameters include: the echo intensity dBz detected by the radar, the height h of the cloud layer from the ground, the distance between the cloud layer and the radar .
  • Step 208 judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the secondary electric field warning condition.
  • the secondary electric field warning condition is the preset secondary atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the threshold value of the secondary atmospheric electric field parameter is set according to past experience values.
  • the threshold value of the secondary atmospheric electric field parameter may also be calculated by performing statistics on the threshold value of the secondary atmospheric parameter within a period of time.
  • a specific method for judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the secondary electric field warning condition is: judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter is greater than or equal to the secondary atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the secondary electric field warning condition is met; if the atmospheric electric field parameter is less than the secondary atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the secondary electric field warning condition is not met. If the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the second-level electric field warning condition, go to step 210 and go to step 216 at the same time. If the atmospheric electric field parameter does not meet the secondary electric field warning condition, return to step 202 .
  • the threshold value of the secondary electric field strength is 2kv/m.
  • the secondary electric field warning condition is reached.
  • the detected atmospheric electric field strength is less than 2kv/m , that is, the second-level electric field warning condition has not yet been reached.
  • Step 210 if the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the second-level electric field warning condition, adjust the radar to the uninterrupted scanning mode, and enter step 212 at the same time.
  • Step 212 obtaining the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient based on the cloud layer parameters.
  • the functional relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the cloud layer parameters is , where, ⁇ is the cloud layer hazard program coefficient, k is the empirical parameter, dBz is the echo intensity of radar detection, h is the height of the cloud layer above the ground, is the distance between the cloud and the radar.
  • the radar scans to obtain the height h of the cloud layer from the ground, the echo intensity dBz detected by the radar, and the distance between the cloud layer and the radar , and then obtain the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ through the above functional relationship.
  • the functional relationship between the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient and the cloud layer parameters please refer to Figure 4-6.
  • Step 216 if the atmospheric electric field parameter reaches the second-level electric field early warning condition, it is judged whether the pushing target unit has a preset license. If there is a preset license, go to step 220; if there is no preset license, go to step 218. For areas or objects that focus on monitoring lightning strikes, ensuring timely warnings, and improving safety protection levels, such as schools and gas stations, you can first apply for a preset permit at the lightning warning equipment 800. When the atmospheric electric field parameters reach the second-level electric field warning condition, the early warning judgment procedure can be carried out, and there is no need to wait until the third-level electric field warning condition to enter the early warning judgment procedure, so that the warning level can be improved, and the warning sensitivity can be faster to ensure safety protection Effect.
  • the three-level electric field warning condition is the preset three-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the thresholds of the three-level atmospheric electric field parameters are set according to past experience values.
  • the threshold value of the third-level atmospheric electric field parameter may also be calculated by performing statistics on the threshold value of the third-level atmospheric parameter within a period of time.
  • the specific method for judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the three-level electric field warning condition is: judging whether the atmospheric electric field parameter is greater than or equal to the third-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold.
  • the third-level electric field warning condition is reached; if the atmospheric electric field parameter is less than the third-level atmospheric electric field parameter threshold, the third-level electric field warning condition is not reached. If the atmospheric electric field parameter meets the third-level electric field warning condition, go to step 220; if the atmospheric electric field parameter does not meet the third-level electric field warning condition, return to step 202.
  • the third-level electric field strength threshold is selected as 3kv/m.
  • the three-level electric field warning condition is reached.
  • the detected atmospheric electric field strength is less than 3kv/m , that is, the warning condition of the third-level electric field has not yet been reached.
  • Step 214 judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient meets the cloud layer parameter warning condition.
  • the judgment result of the pre-order step 220 is yes, continue to judge whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient meets the cloud layer parameter warning condition, and can integrate the detection results of the atmospheric electric field and the cloud layer parameter by the radar, and more accurately judge whether it is necessary to carry out lightning warning.
  • a specific method for judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient meets the cloud layer parameter early warning condition is: judging whether the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient ⁇ is greater than or equal to the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient threshold value ⁇ i . If the cloud layer parameter warning condition is not met, return to step 202 . If the judgment result of the cloud layer detection in step 214 is that the cloud layer parameter warning condition is not satisfied, the radar needs to continue to periodically scan at preset time intervals to detect subsequent cloud layer parameters. If the cloud layer parameter warning condition is met, go to step 220 .
  • Step 220 generating a radar warning map based on the atmospheric electric field parameters, cloud layer parameters, and cloud layer hazard degree coefficients.
  • the radar warning map shows the location of the cloud layer and the corresponding position parameters, and displays the atmospheric electric field parameters on the map to provide more visual and intuitive lightning warning information.
  • Step 222 push an early warning signal. Based on the judgment results of the detection of the atmospheric electric field and the detection of clouds in the previous steps, the lightning warning signal is pushed out in time.
  • Step 224 judging whether the warning signal needs to be continuously pushed. If continuous push is required, return to step 224. If continuous push is not required, go to step 226.
  • the lightning early warning method provided by the present invention detects the atmospheric electric field first, and then detects the cloud layer parameters by radar when the atmospheric electric field detection meets the preset conditions. In order to accurately determine whether lightning warning is required, on the other hand, the efficiency of detection is improved by first performing atmospheric electric field detection and then radar detection.
  • the present invention further proposes a specific method of obtaining the cloud layer hazard degree coefficient based on the cloud layer parameters detected by the radar, so as to more accurately perform lightning warning judgment based on the cloud layer parameters.
  • the present invention also provides a three-level judgment mode for judging electric field early warning conditions, and based on the three-level judgment mode, provides corresponding radar scanning modes and preset permit modes for areas or objects requiring key early warning. Among them, the distinction of radar scanning modes can save resources and improve efficiency; the preset license mode can provide higher warning levels and faster warning sensitivity for areas or objects that require key warnings, ensuring safety protection effects.

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Abstract

一种雷电预警方法包括：检测目标空间的大气电场参数（102）；判断大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件（104）；若未达到电场预警条件，则返回检测目标空间的大气电场参数（102）；若达到电场预警条件，则启动雷达扫描云层的云层参数（106）；基于云层参数获取云层危害程度系数（108）；判断云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件（110）；若达到云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号（114）；若未达到云层参数预警条件，则返回检测目标空间的大气电场参数（102）。雷电预警方法通过综合检测结果更为精准地判断是否需要进行雷电预警，同时也提高了检测效率。

Description

一种雷电预警方法及雷电预警设备 技术领域
本发明涉及雷电预警领域，具体涉及一种雷电预警方法及雷电预警设备。
 背景技术
雷电是强对流天气下产生的一种大气放电现象，放电时间短，能量巨大。雷电的强大电流产生的热能、雷电周围区域产生的高频电磁场以及强烈的雷电波等，能在瞬间产生巨大的破坏作用，会造成人员伤亡、损毁通信设备、击毁建筑物、导致配电装置断路而引发火灾等。因此，在雷电发生前进行准确及时的预警，对保护人民生命财产安全的具有重要意义。但是雷电的形成受较多因素影响，如发生地区的地理地质特征、气候特征、周边环境变化等，以及雷电瞬间发生的特性，这些都为雷电的精准预警带来困难。
 技术问题
目前采用大气电场仪对大气电场强度进行探测，以进行雷电预警，但难以准确定位雷电具体发生位置，导致雷电预警不够准确、及时。
 技术解决方案
有鉴于此，本发明目的在于提供一种精准且高效的雷电预警方法及雷电预警设备。
为实现本发明目的，提供一种雷电预警方法。所述雷电预警方法包括：检测目标空间的大气电场参数；判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件；若未达到所述电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数；若达到所述电场预警条件，则启动雷达扫描云层的云层参数；基于云层参数获取云层危害程度系数；判断所述云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件；若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号；若未达到所述云层参数预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
可选地，所述云层参数包括dBz为雷达探测的回波强度，h为所述云层离地高度，
Figure 554174dest_path_image001
为所述云层与所述雷达之间的距离；所述步骤基于云层参数计算云层危害程度系数，具体为：依据云层危害程度系数与所述云层参数之间的函数关系
Figure 683804dest_path_image002
获取云层危害程度系数；其中，δ为云层危害程度系数，k为经验参数。
可选地，所述步骤判断所述云层危害程度系数参数是否达到所述云层参数预警条件，具体为：判断所述云层危害程度系数参数δ是否大于或等于云层危害程度系数阈值δ i，其中，所述云层参数预警条件为预先设置的所述云层危害程度系数阈值δ i。
可选地，在所述步骤若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号之前，所述雷电预警方法进一步包括：基于所述大气电场参数、所述云层参数、所述云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图。
可选地，所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，进一步包括：判断所述大气电场参数是否达到一级电场预警条件；若达到所述一级电场预警条件，则所述步骤若达到所述电场预警条件，则启动雷达扫描云层的云层参数进一步包括步骤：启动所述雷达以预设时间间隔周期性扫描所述云层参数；若未达到所述一级电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
可选地，所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，进一步包括：若达到所述一级电场预警条件，判断所述大气电场参数是否达到二级电场预警条件；若达到所述二级电场预警条件，则将所述雷达调整为不间断扫描模式；若未达到所述二级电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
可选地，所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，进一步包括：若达到所述二级电场预警条件，则判断推送目标单位是否有预设许可证；若有预设许可证，则进入所述步骤基于所述大气电场参数、所述云层参数、所述云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图；若没有所述预设许可证，则判断所述大气电场参数是否达到三级电场预警条件；若达到所述三级电场预警条件，则进入所述步骤基于所述大气电场参数、所述云层参数、所述云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图；若未达到所述三级电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
可选地，所述电场预警条件为预先设置的大气电场参数阈值，所述一级电场预警条件为预先设置的一级大气电场参数阈值，所述二级电场预警条件为预先设置的二级大气电场参数阈值，所述三级电场预警条件为预先设置的三级大气电场参数阈值，所述一级大气电场参数阈值、所述二级大气电场参数阈值、所述三级大气电场参数阈值依次增大；所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，具体为：判断所述大气电场参数是否大于或等于所述大气电场参数阈值。
可选地，在所述步骤若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号之后，所述雷电预警方法还包括：判断是否持续推送预警信号；若判断结果为是，则返回步骤若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号；若判断结果为否，则取消预警信号。
本发明还提供一种雷电预警设备。所述雷电预警设备包括：大气电场仪，用于检测目标空间的大气电场参数；雷达，用于检测所述目标空间内云层的云层参数；至少一处理器，用于实现各程序，并控制所述大气电场仪与所述雷达进行检测操作；至少一存储器，用于存执至少一个程序；所述至少一个程序被所述至少一处理器执行时，所述雷电预警设备实现前述的任一项所述的方法。
 有益效果
本发明提供的雷电预警方法通过先进行大气电场检测，在大气电场检测满足预设条件的情形下，然后进行雷达对云层参数的检测，一方面综合大气电场检测以及雷达对云层参数的检测结果更为精准的判断是否需要进行雷电预警，另一方面通过先进行大气电场检测后进行雷达检测的方式，提高了检测的效率。此外，本发明进一步提出了基于雷达检测出的云层参数获取云层危害程度系数的具体方式，从而更为准确的进行基于云层参数的雷电预警判断。本发明还提供了针对电场预警条件判断的三级判断模式，并基于该三级判断模式，分别提供相应的雷达扫描模式以及需要进行重点预警的区域或物体的预设许可证模式。其中，雷达扫描模式的区分可以节省资源，提高效率；预设许可证模式可以为需要重点预警的区域或物体提供更高的预警级别，更为迅捷的预警灵敏度，确保安全防护效果。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本发明的一些实施例，而非对本发明的限制。
图1为本发明一实施例提供的一种雷电预警设备的预警场景示意图。
图2为图1所述雷电预警设备的结构示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例提供的一种雷电预警方法的流程示意图。
图4为图3实施例中云层危害程度系数与雷达探测的回波强度的相对关系示意图。
图5为图3实施例中云层危害程度系数与云层离地高度的相对关系示意图。
图6为图3实施例中云层危害程度系数与云层与雷达之间的距离的相对关系示意图。
图7为本发明另一实施例提供的一种雷电预警方法的流程示意图。
图8为本发明采用的大气电场参数的分级示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例的附图，对本发明实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。
图1所示为本发明一实施例提供的一种雷电预警设备800的雷电预警场景。其中，雷电预警设备800用于检测目标空间700的大气电场参数及云层900的云层参数，以便对目标空间700的雷电发生情况进行预警。结合参看图2，雷电预警设备800包括处理器802、存储器804、大气电场仪806及雷达808。其中，处理器802用于实现各程序。存储器804用于存储至少一个程序，所述至少一个程序被处理器802执行时，雷电预警设备800可实现本发明提供的雷电预警方法。大气电场仪806用于在处理器802控制下检测目标空间700的大气电场参数。雷达808用于在处理器802控制下检测云层900的云层参数。
进一步参看图3，本发明一实施例提供的一种雷电预警方法具体包括以下步骤102-118。
步骤102，检测目标空间700的大气电场参数。本实施例中，可采用图2所示的大气电场仪806检测目标空间700的大气电场参数。大气电场参数包括大气电场强度等参数。
步骤104，判断大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件。其中，电场预警条件为预先设置的大气电场参数阈值。本实施例中，大气电场参数阈值是根据过往经验数值设置的。在其他实施例中，大气电场参数阈值也可以通过对一段时间内的大气参数阈值进行数据统计后计算得出。判断大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件的具体方式为：判断大气电场参数是否大于或等于所述大气电场参数阈值。若大气电场参数大于或等于大气电场参数阈值，则达到电场预警条件；若大气电场参数小于大气电场参数阈值，则未达到大气电场预警条件。若大气电场参数达到电场预警条件，则进入步骤106，且同时进入步骤112。若大气电场参数未达到电场预警条件，则返回步骤102。结合参看图8，本实施例中的大气电场参数选用大气电场强度。其中电场强度阈值选择1.5kv/m，当检测到的大气电场强度大于或等于1.5kv/m时，即达到电场预警条件，当检测到的大气电场强度小于1.5kv/m时，即尚未达到电场预警条件。
步骤106，若大气电场参数达到电场预警条件，则启动雷达扫描目标空间的云层参数。在本实施例中，云层参数包括：雷达探测的回波强度dBz、云层离地高度h、云层与雷达之间的距离
Figure 232597dest_path_image001
。
步骤108，基于云层参数获取云层危害程度系数。在本实施例中，云层危害程度系数与云层参数之间的函数关系为
Figure 523901dest_path_image003
，其中，δ为云层危害程序系数，k为经验参数，dBz为雷达探测的回波强度，h为云层离地高度，
Figure 525355dest_path_image001
为云层与雷达之间的距离。雷达通过扫描获取云层离地高度h、雷达探测的回波强度dBz、以及云层与雷达之间的距离
Figure 458676dest_path_image001
，然后通过以上函数关系式获取云层危害程度系数δ。
云层危害程度系数与云层参数的函数关系具体可参看图4-6。如图4所示，雷达探测的回波强度dBz越高，云层危害程序系数δ越大，表示雷击发生的可能性越高，且一旦发生雷击所产生的的危险程度也越高。当雷达探测的回波强度dBz大于45时，发生雷击的可能性较高，当雷达探测的回波强度dBz大于50时，发生雷击的可能性极高。如图5所示，云层离地高度越低，云层危害程序系数δ越大，表示雷击对地面物体造成的威胁越大，一般重点检测的云层离地高度范围在500m-5000m之间。如图6所示，云层与雷达之间的距离越短，云层危害程度系数δ越大，表示雷击对地面物体造成的威胁越大，一般重点检测的云层与雷达之间的距离范围在1km-20km之间。
步骤110，判断云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件。在前序步骤104判断结果为是的情形下，继续判断云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件，可以综合大气电场检测以及雷达对云层参数的检测结果，更为精准的判断是否需要进行雷电预警。判断所述云层危害程度系数是否达到所述云层参数预警条件的具体方式为：判断云层危害程度系数δ是否大于或等于云层危害程度系数阈值δ i,若云层危害程度系数δ大于或等于云层危害程度系数阈值δ i，则达到云层参数预警条件，若云层危害程度系数δ小于云层危害程度系数阈值δ i，则未达到云层参数预警条件。若未达到云层参数预警条件，则返回步骤102。若步骤110对云层检测的判断结果为未满足云层参数预警条件，就需要继续进行雷达扫描，以检测后续云层参数。若达到云层参数预警条件，则进入步骤112。
步骤112，基于大气电场参数、云层参数以及云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图。雷达预警地图显示出云层所在位置以及相应的位置参数，并将大气电场参数显示在地图上，以提供更为形象直观的雷电预警信息。
步骤114，推送预警信号。在基于前序步骤104对大气电场检测的判断结果为满足电场预警条件，以及步骤114对云层检测的判断结果为满足云层参数预警条件的情形下，及时向学校、油库等预先报备的待预警单位推送出雷电预警信号。
步骤116，判断预警信号是否需要持续推送。如果需要持续推送，则返回步骤114。若不需要持续推送，则进入步骤118。
步骤118，取消预警信号。
参看图7，本发明另一实施例提供的一种雷电预警方法具体包括以下步骤202-228。
步骤202，检测目标空间700的大气电场参数。本实施例中，可采用图2所示的大气电场仪806检测目标空间700的大气电场参数。大气电场参数包括大气电场强度等参数。
步骤204，判断大气电场参数是否达到一级电场预警条件。其中，一级电场预警条件为预先设置的一级大气电场参数阈值。本实施例中，一级大气电场参数阈值是根据过往经验数值设置的。在其他实施例中，一级大气电场参数阈值也可以通过对一段时间内的一级大气参数阈值进行数据统计后计算得出。判断大气电场参数是否达到一级电场预警条件的具体方式为：判断大气电场参数是否大于或等于所述一级大气电场参数阈值。若大气电场参数大于或等于一级大气电场参数阈值，则达到一级电场预警条件；若大气电场参数小于一级大气电场参数阈值，则未达到一级电场预警条件。若大气电场参数达到一级电场预警条件，则进入步骤206，且同时进入步骤208。若大气电场参数未达到一级电场预警条件，则返回步骤202。
结合参看图8，本实施例中的大气电场参数选用大气电场强度。其中一级电场强度阈值选择1.5kv/m，当检测到的大气电场强度大于或等于1.5kv/m时，即达到一级电场预警条件，当检测到的大气电场强度小于1.5kv/m时，即尚未达到一级电场预警条件。
步骤206，若大气电场参数达到一级电场预警条件，则启动雷达以预设时间间隔周期性扫描目标空间的云层参数。在本实施例中，云层参数包括：雷达探测的回波强度dBz、云层离地高度h、云层与雷达之间的距离
Figure 861975dest_path_image001
。
步骤208，判断大气电场参数是否达到二级电场预警条件。其中，二级电场预警条件为预先设置的二级大气电场参数阈值。本实施例中，二级大气电场参数阈值是根据过往经验数值设置的。在其他实施例中，二级大气电场参数阈值也可以通过对一段时间内的二级大气参数阈值进行数据统计后计算得出。判断大气电场参数是否达到二级电场预警条件的具体方式为：判断大气电场参数是否大于或等于所述二级大气电场参数阈值。若大气电场参数大于或等于二级大气电场参数阈值，则达到二级电场预警条件；若大气电场参数小于二级大气电场参数阈值，则未达到二级电场预警条件。若大气电场参数达到二级电场预警条件，则进入步骤210，且同时进入步骤216。若大气电场参数未达到二级电场预警条件，则返回步骤202。
结合参看图8，二级电场强度阈值选择2kv/m，当检测到的大气电场强度大于或等于2kv/m时，即达到二级电场预警条件，当检测到的大气电场强度小于2kv/m时，即尚未达到二级电场预警条件。
步骤210，若大气电场参数达到二级电场预警条件，则将雷达调整为不间断扫描模式，且同时进入步骤212。
步骤212，基于云层参数获取云层危害程度系数。在本实施例中，云层危害程度系数与云层参数之间的函数关系为
Figure 324181dest_path_image003
，其中，δ为云层危害程序系数，k为经验参数，dBz为雷达探测的回波强度，h为云层离地高度，
Figure 812931dest_path_image001
为云层与雷达之间的距离。雷达通过扫描获取云层离地高度h、雷达探测的回波强度dBz、以及云层与雷达之间的距离
Figure 284364dest_path_image001
，然后通过以上函数关系式获取云层危害程度系数δ。云层危害程度系数与云层参数的函数关系具体可参看图4-6。
步骤216，若大气电场参数达到二级电场预警条件，则判断推送目标单位是否有预设许可证。若有预设许可证，则进入步骤220；若没有预设许可证，则进入步骤218。对于重点监控雷击情况，确保及时预警，提高安全防护级别的区域或物体，如学校、加油站等，可以先在雷电预警设备800处办理预设许可证。当大气电场参数达到二级电场预警条件时，就可以进行预警判断程序，而不需要等到三级电场预警条件才进入预警判断程序，从而可以提高预警级别，更为迅捷的预警灵敏度，确保安全防护效果。
步骤218，判断大气电场参数是否达到三级电场预警条件。其中，三级电场预警条件为预先设置的三级大气电场参数阈值。本实施例中，三级大气电场参数阈值是根据过往经验数值设置的。在其他实施例中，三级大气电场参数阈值也可以通过对一段时间内的三级大气参数阈值进行数据统计后计算得出。判断大气电场参数是否达到三级电场预警条件的具体方式为：判断大气电场参数是否大于或等于所述三级大气电场参数阈值。若大气电场参数大于或等于三级大气电场参数阈值，则达到三级电场预警条件；若大气电场参数小于三级大气电场参数阈值，则未达到三级电场预警条件。若大气电场参数达到三级电场预警条件，则进入步骤220；若大气电场参数未达到三级电场预警条件，则返回步骤202。
结合参看图8，三级电场强度阈值选择3kv/m，当检测到的大气电场强度大于或等于3kv/m时，即达到三级电场预警条件，当检测到的大气电场强度小于3kv/m时，即尚未达到三级电场预警条件。
步骤214，判断云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件。在前序步骤220判断结果为是的情形下，继续判断云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件，可以综合大气电场检测以及雷达对云层参数的检测结果，更为精准的判断是否需要进行雷电预警。判断所述云层危害程度系数是否达到所述云层参数预警条件的具体方式为：判断所述云层危害程度系数δ是否大于或等于云层危害程度系数阈值δ i。若未达到云层参数预警条件，则返回步骤202。若步骤214对云层检测的判断结果为未满足云层参数预警条件，就需要雷达继续以预设时间间隔周期性进行扫描，以检测后续云层参数。若达到云层参数预警条件，则进入步骤220。
步骤220，基于大气电场参数、云层参数以及云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图。雷达预警地图显示出云层所在位置以及相应的位置参数，并将大气电场参数显示在地图上，以提供更为形象直观的雷电预警信息。
步骤222，推送预警信号。在基于前序步骤对大气电场检测的判断结果，以及对云层检测的判断结果，及时推送出雷电预警信号。
步骤224，判断预警信号是否需要持续推送。如果需要持续推送，则返回步骤224。若不需要持续推送，则进入步骤226。
步骤226，取消预警信号。
本发明提供的雷电预警方法通过先进行大气电场检测，在大气电场检测满足预设条件的情形下，然后进行雷达对云层参数的检测，一方面综合大气电场检测以及雷达对云层参数的检测结果更为精准的判断是否需要进行雷电预警，另一方面通过先进行大气电场检测后进行雷达检测的方式，提高了检测的效率。此外，本发明进一步提出了基于雷达检测出的云层参数获取云层危害程度系数的具体方式，从而更为准确的进行基于云层参数的雷电预警判断。本发明还提供了针对电场预警条件判断的三级判断模式，并基于该三级判断模式，分别提供相应的雷达扫描模式以及需要进行重点预警的区域或物体的预设许可证模式。其中，雷达扫描模式的区分可以节省资源，提高效率；预设许可证模式可以为需要重点预警的区域或物体提供更高的预警级别，更为迅捷的预警灵敏度，确保安全防护效果。
尽管已经给出本发明相关实施例的描述和图示，但本领域技术人员应该理解，这些实施例的描述和图示并不构成对本发明范围的限制，在不超出本发明构思和范围的前提下，可以对本发明进行多种形式和细节上变换。因此，本公开的范围不限于上述实施例，而应该由权利要求以及权利要求的等同物来确定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述雷电预警方法包括：
    检测目标空间的大气电场参数；
    判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件；
    若未达到所述电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数；
    若达到所述电场预警条件，则启动雷达扫描云层的云层参数；
    基于云层参数获取云层危害程度系数；
    判断所述云层危害程度系数是否达到云层参数预警条件；
    若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号；
    若未达到所述云层参数预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述云层参数包括dBz为雷达探测的回波强度，h为所述云层离地高度，
    Figure 440792dest_path_image001
    为所述云层与所述雷达之间的距离；所述步骤基于云层参数计算云层危害程度系数，具体为：
    依据云层危害程度系数与所述云层参数之间的函数关系
    Figure 92353dest_path_image002
    获取云层危害程度系数；其中，δ为云层危害程度系数，k为经验参数。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤判断所述云层危害程度系数参数是否达到所述云层参数预警条件，具体为：
    判断所述云层危害程度系数参数δ是否大于或等于云层危害程度系数阈值δ i，其中，所述云层参数预警条件为预先设置的所述云层危害程度系数阈值δ i。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号之前，所述雷电预警方法进一步包括：
    基于所述大气电场参数、所述云层参数、所述云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，进一步包括：
    判断所述大气电场参数是否达到一级电场预警条件；
    若达到所述一级电场预警条件，则所述步骤若达到所述电场预警条件，则启动雷达扫描云层的云层参数进一步包括步骤：启动所述雷达以预设时间间隔周期性扫描所述云层参数；
    若未达到所述一级电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，进一步包括：
    若达到所述一级电场预警条件，判断所述大气电场参数是否达到二级电场预警条件；
    若达到所述二级电场预警条件，则将所述雷达调整为不间断扫描模式；
    若未达到所述二级电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，进一步包括：
    若达到所述二级电场预警条件，则判断推送目标单位是否有预设许可证；
    若有预设许可证，则进入所述步骤基于所述大气电场参数、所述云层参数、所述云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图；
    若没有所述预设许可证，则判断所述大气电场参数是否达到三级电场预警条件；
    若达到所述三级电场预警条件，则进入所述步骤基于所述大气电场参数、所述云层参数、所述云层危害程度系数生成雷达预警地图；
    若未达到所述三级电场预警条件，则返回所述步骤检测目标空间的大气电场参数。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，所述电场预警条件为预先设置的大气电场参数阈值，所述一级电场预警条件为预先设置的一级大气电场参数阈值，所述二级电场预警条件为预先设置的二级大气电场参数阈值，所述三级电场预警条件为预先设置的三级大气电场参数阈值，所述一级大气电场参数阈值、所述二级大气电场参数阈值、所述三级大气电场参数阈值依次增大；所述步骤判断所述大气电场参数是否达到电场预警条件，具体为：
    判断所述大气电场参数是否大于或等于所述大气电场参数阈值。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种雷电预警方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号之后，所述雷电预警方法还包括：
    判断是否持续推送预警信号；
    若判断结果为是，则返回步骤若达到所述云层参数预警条件，则推送预警信号；
    若判断结果为否，则取消预警信号。
  10. 一种雷电预警设备，其特征在于，所述雷电预警设备包括：
    大气电场仪，用于检测目标空间的大气电场参数；
    雷达，用于检测所述目标空间内云层的云层参数；
    至少一处理器，用于实现各程序，并控制所述大气电场仪与所述雷达进行检测操作；
    至少一存储器，用于存执至少一个程序；
    所述至少一个程序被所述至少一处理器执行时，所述雷电预警设备实现如权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法。
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