WO2023000483A1 - 一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板 - Google Patents

一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板 Download PDF

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WO2023000483A1
WO2023000483A1 PCT/CN2021/119238 CN2021119238W WO2023000483A1 WO 2023000483 A1 WO2023000483 A1 WO 2023000483A1 CN 2021119238 W CN2021119238 W CN 2021119238W WO 2023000483 A1 WO2023000483 A1 WO 2023000483A1
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WIPO (PCT)
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fuel cell
exchange membrane
cathode
bipolar plate
proton exchange
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PCT/CN2021/119238
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙健
曹寅亮
张天任
陈泽民
范冬琪
徐乃涛
徐鹏杰
林滨
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浙江天能氢能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2023000483A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023000483A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of fuel cell pole plates, in particular to a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate.
  • a fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts the chemical energy present in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy. Compared with traditional power generation devices, fuel cells do not contain moving parts, work reliably, require less maintenance, and have low noise during operation. The working process No harmful substances are produced, so it is a very promising energy power device.
  • the bipolar plate is one of the important components of the stack, which supports and fixes the proton exchange membrane electrodes, divides fuel and oxidizing gas, collects and conducts current, etc. Therefore, the structure of the bipolar plate has a decisive impact on the performance of the fuel electrode.
  • the structure of the existing proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is as a kind of proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate disclosed in the Chinese patent whose publication number is CN110212213A, and this proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is composed of an anode single plate and a cathode Composed of veneers, an anode flow field is set outside the anode veneer, a cathode flow field is set outside the cathode veneer, and the cavity between the anode veneer and the cathode veneer forms a coolant flow field; the anode inlet and the anode outlet are arranged on the left and right sides of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, the cathode inlet and the cathode outlet are arranged on the left and right sides of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate; the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are on the The upper and lower sides of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate; and the anode inlet and the cathode inlet are located on the
  • the Chinese patent with the publication number CN210692683U discloses a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, a battery, and a cell stack, including an anode plate and a cathode plate tightly pressed together;
  • the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with a fuel gas inlet, a fuel gas outlet, an oxidant gas inlet, an oxidant gas outlet and a drain; wherein, the fuel gas inlet and the fuel gas outlet on the anode plate are all connected to the concave holes on the anode plate.
  • the slots are connected; the oxidant gas inlet and the oxidant gas outlet on the cathode plate are connected to the grooves on the cathode plate, and each groove is filled with porous three-dimensional base filling blocks.
  • the anode inlet, anode outlet, cathode inlet, and cathode outlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate are all arranged on the left and right sides of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so that the cross-sectional area of the inlet of the anode gas and cathode gas is not large enough , the gas distribution is not uniform enough, and the reaction is not complete enough.
  • the present invention provides a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, which increases the cross-sectional area of the cathode gas and anode gas inlets, so that the gas distribution is more uniform and the reaction is more complete.
  • a proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate including an anode single plate and a cathode single plate oppositely arranged, the anode single plate is away from the outside of the cathode single plate to form an anode flow field, and the cathode single plate is away from the anode A cathode flow field is formed on the outside of the single plate, and a coolant flow field is formed at the interface between the anode single plate and the cathode single plate.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is also provided with:
  • the anode gas inlet and the anode gas outlet are respectively arranged on both sides of the long axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate,
  • the cathode gas inlet and the cathode gas outlet are respectively arranged on both sides of the short axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate,
  • the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are also respectively arranged on both sides of the short axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, and the cathode gas inlet and the cathode gas outlet are diagonally arranged, and the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are diagonally arranged. set up.
  • the anode gas inlet is arranged on both sides of the long axis of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, which expands the cross-sectional area of the anode gas inlet and makes the distribution of the anode gas more uniform;
  • the cathode gas is arranged on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the cross-sectional area of the cathode gas inlet is enlarged and the distribution of the cathode gas is more uniform; and this air intake method makes the contact between the cathode gas and the anode gas more sufficient, and the reaction is more thorough.
  • the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are arranged diagonally on both sides of the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, so that the cooling liquid can flow through each area of the bipolar plate, and better control the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. cool down.
  • the anode flow field includes an anode gas inlet channel, an anode reaction zone, and an anode gas outlet channel arranged sequentially from the anode gas inlet side to the anode gas outlet side,
  • the anode reaction zone has a plurality of anode flow channels extending from the side of the anode gas inlet channel to the side of the anode gas outlet channel, and the anode flow channels are in a serpentine curved structure.
  • the anode reaction zone is composed of a plurality of serpentine and curved anode flow channels.
  • the anode flow channels of the serpentine and curved structure can appropriately increase the flow pressure difference of the anode gas, which is beneficial to the operation of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate when in use, is vertically arranged along the short axis direction, the cathode gas inlet is located on the upper side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, and the cathode gas outlet is located on the upper side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate.
  • the cathode gas flows from top to bottom.
  • the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is vertically arranged along the short axis direction, that is, the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is perpendicular to the ground, and the cathode gas flows from the upper side of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell Entering, using gravity to make the cathode gas flow from top to bottom, while the cathode gas inlet and cathode gas outlet are arranged on the long axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which shortens the distance that causes it to lift and flow, thereby improving the cathode flow.
  • the problem of uneven gas concentration in the field is arranged along the short axis direction, that is, the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is perpendicular to the ground, and the cathode gas flows from the upper side of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell Entering, using gravity to make the cathode gas flow from
  • the cooling liquid inlet is located on the upper side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
  • the cooling liquid outlet is located on the lower side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
  • the cooling liquid flows from top to bottom.
  • the flow direction of the cooling liquid is the same as that of the cathode gas, and the distribution is uniform, which can effectively reduce the local temperature difference of the stack, improve the consistency of the stack, and improve the life of the membrane electrode, the core power generation component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the cathode flow field includes a cathode gas inlet channel, a cathode gas inlet distribution area, a cathode reaction area, a cathode gas outlet distribution area, and a cathode gas outlet channel arranged sequentially from the cathode gas inlet side to the cathode gas outlet side.
  • the cathode gas inlet and the cathode gas outlet include at least two arranged along the long axis direction of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and there are cathode gas inlets connected to adjacent cathode gas inlets between each cathode gas inlet. Intercommunicating channels, each cathode gas outlet has a cathode gas outlet communicating channel connecting adjacent cathode gas outlets.
  • this structure is beneficial to the uniform distribution of cathode gas under the assembly of multi-section proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates.
  • the cathode reaction zone has a plurality of cathode flow channels extending from the side of the cathode gas inlet channel to the side of the cathode gas outlet channel, the cathode reaction zone has bumps facing away from the anode single plate, each bump
  • the blocks are arranged in rows along the long axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, and the bumps of each row are arranged along the short axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate;
  • the bumps in each row of bumps are arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent bumps is smaller than the length of the bumps along the long axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate;
  • Dislocation between two adjacent rows of bumps is arranged so that one row of bumps is aligned with the gap between the other row of bumps;
  • Cathode flow channels are formed between the gaps in the same row of bumps and between two adjacent rows of bumps.
  • the bump is high in the middle and low in the front and back in the direction along the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, forming slopes on both front and back sides,
  • the gaps are arranged between two adjacent rows of bumps or a part of the slopes are arranged to overlap.
  • the cathode flow field is an inclined flow field, which is conducive to increasing the flow partial pressure on the carbon paper side; at the same time, the finer cathode flow field of this structure increases the support to prevent the membrane electrode from collapsing.
  • the length of the bump along the long axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is
  • the width along the short axis direction of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is 0.5-1mm; the inclination angle of the slope on the bump is 10°-30°.
  • both the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet include at least two that are arranged along the long axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, and there are cooling liquid inlets that communicate with adjacent cooling liquid inlets between each cooling liquid inlet. Intercommunicating passages, each cooling liquid outlet is provided with a cooling liquid outlet communicating passage connecting adjacent cooling liquid outlets.
  • this structure is beneficial to the uniform distribution of cooling liquid under the assembly of multi-section proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates.
  • the anode gas enters from the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the cathode gas and coolant enter from the long axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the inlet and outlet of the cathode gas and the inlet and outlet of the coolant They are all arranged diagonally, and the anode flow field adopts a serpentine flow field.
  • This structure not only enlarges the cross-sectional area of the anode gas inlet to make the anode gas distribution more uniform, but also facilitates the drainage of the anode during the operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the cathode flow field composed of slanted, aligned and staggered bumps is conducive to increasing the flow partial pressure on the side of the carbon paper, and the bumps form fine supports to prevent the membrane electrode from collapsing.
  • the structure of the cathode gas inlet distribution area makes the distribution of the cathode gas more uniform after entering the cathode reaction area; the structure of the cathode gas outlet distribution area enables the products after the reaction in the cathode reaction area to be quickly discharged.
  • the structure of the cathode gas inlet communication channel is conducive to the uniform distribution of the cathode gas under the multi-section proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate assembly.
  • the structure of the coolant inlet communication channel is conducive to the uniform distribution of the coolant when the multi-section proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is assembled.
  • Fig. 1 is the anode single plate schematic diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate provided by the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the cathode single plate schematic diagram of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate provided by the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of the anode gas, cathode gas and cooling liquid of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate provided by the present invention.
  • the two sides of the long axis of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate are respectively provided with an anode gas inlet 110 and an anode gas outlet 120, and the anode single plate 100 is provided with the anode gas inlet 110 and the anode gas outlet.
  • the anode reaction zone is composed of a plurality of parallel and closely arranged anode flow channels 140, the anode flow channel 140 is a serpentine curved structure, and the two ends of the anode flow channel 140 are respectively provided with an anode gas inlet channel 130, an anode
  • the gas outlet passage 150, the anode gas inlet passage 130 communicates with the anode gas inlet 110, the anode gas outlet passage 150 communicates with the anode gas outlet 120, the number of the anode gas inlet 110 is less than that of the anode gas inlet passage 130, and the number of the anode gas outlet 120 is less than Anode gas outlet channel 150 .
  • Both sides of the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are respectively provided with a cathode gas inlet 210 and a cathode gas outlet 220.
  • Both the cathode gas inlet 210 and the cathode gas outlet 220 include at least two, and the cathode single plate 200 is provided with a cathode reaction zone communicated with the cathode gas inlet 210 and the cathode gas outlet 220; the cathode gas enters the cathode single plate 200 from the cathode gas inlet 210 and enters from the cathode gas inlet communication channel 280 to Cathode gas inlet channel 230, then flows into cathode gas inlet distribution area 240 from cathode gas inlet channel 230, enters cathode reaction area after cathode gas is evenly distributed in cathode gas inlet distribution area 240, flows into cathode gas outlet distribution after reacting in cathode reaction area
  • the cathode reaction zone has bumps 271 towards the side away from the anode single plate 100, each bump 271 is arranged in a row along the long axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, and the bumps 271 are along the long axis of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
  • the length in the direction is 1-2 mm
  • the bumps 271 of each row are arranged along the short axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
  • the width of the bumps 271 along the short axis direction of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate is 0.5-1 mm.
  • the inclination angle of the inclined surface on the block is 10° ⁇ 30°; the bumps 271 in each row of bumps 271 are arranged at intervals, and the interval between adjacent bumps 271 is smaller than the length of the bumps 271 along the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
  • the cathode flow channel 270 is formed between them; and the projections 271 are high in the middle and low in the front and rear along the short axis direction of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, forming two slopes on the front and rear sides, and the gaps between two adjacent rows of projections 271 are arranged or a part of the slope Overlapping arrangement.
  • a coolant inlet 310 and a coolant outlet 320 are provided on both sides of the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. After the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, only the cooling liquid exits the communication channel 340 and flows out from the cooling liquid outlet 320 .
  • the coolant flow field is formed by the cavity between the anode veneer 100 and the cathode veneer 200.
  • the two sides of the coolant flow field are bonded together, one side is a strip flow field, and the other side is an inclined unit flow field.
  • the strip flow field has It is conducive to the lateral flow of the cooling liquid, and the inclined unit flow field is conducive to the multi-directional diffusion of the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid is evenly distributed inside the cavity, and the overall temperature of the bipolar plate is balanced, which is beneficial to the heat dissipation of the bipolar plate.
  • the area of the anode single plate 100 joined with the cathode gas inlet distribution area 240 and the cathode gas outlet distribution area 250 is a strip-shaped convex structure, and the cavity is joined with each other to form a cooling liquid inlet/outlet distribution area, and the strip-shaped protrusions
  • the area and the anode gas reaction area are separated by the anode single plate 100 sealing strip to form a special distribution area, which does not affect the anode gas reaction area while forming the coolant inlet/outlet distribution area, and does not affect the sealing and distribution of the anode gas.
  • the cooling liquid inlet 310 and the cathode gas inlet 210 are arranged on the same side of the short axis, the cooling liquid outlet 320 and the cathode gas outlet 220 are arranged on the opposite side, and the cooling liquid inlet 310 and the cooling liquid outlet 320 are arranged diagonally, and the cathode The gas inlet 210 is arranged diagonally to the cathode gas outlet 220 .
  • the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is vertically arranged along the short axis direction, that is, the short axis of the bipolar plate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is perpendicular to the placement surface, and the cathode gas inlet 210 and the cooling liquid inlet 310 are located on the upper side , the cathode gas outlet 220 and the cooling liquid outlet 320 are located on the lower side of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plate, the cathode gas flows from top to bottom, and the cooling liquid flows from top to bottom.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，包括相对设置的阳极单板和阴极单板，阳极单板背离所述阴极单板的外侧形成阳极流场，阴极单板背离所述阳极单板的外侧形成阴极流场，阳极单板和阴极单板之间的界面形成冷却液流场，所述双极板上还设有：与阳极流场连通的阳极气体入口和阳极气体出口，与阴极流场连通的阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口，与冷却液流场连通的冷却液入口和冷却液出口，阳极气体入口和阳极气体出口分设于所述双极板长轴的两侧，阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口分设于所述双极板短轴的两侧，冷却液入口和冷却液出口也分设于所述双极板短轴的两侧，且，阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口对角设置，冷却液入口和冷却液出口对角设置。

Description

一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板 技术领域
本发明涉及燃料电池极板领域，特别涉及一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板。
背景技术
燃料电池是一种将存在于燃料与氧化剂中的化学能直接转化为电能的发电装置，相较于传统发电装置，燃料电池不含运动部件、工作可靠、维修少且工作时噪音低，工作过程不产生有害物质，因此是一种十分具有发展前途的能源动力装置。
燃料电池的制作过程中需要将多个单电池堆叠形成燃料电池堆，双极板是电堆的重要部件之一，起到支撑固定质子交换膜电极、分割燃料和氧化气体、收集、传导电流等重要作用，因此双极板的结构的优劣对燃料电极的性能的高低具有决定性的影响。
现有的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的结构如公开号为CN110212213A的中国专利中公开的一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，该质子交换膜燃料电池双极板由阳极单板和阴极单板组合而成，阳极单板外侧设置有阳极流场，阴极单板外侧设置有阴极流场，所述阳极单板和所述阴极单板之间的空腔形成冷却剂流场；阳极入口和阳极出口设置在所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的左右两侧，阴极入口和阴极出口设置在所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的左右两侧；冷却剂入口和冷却剂出口在所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的上下两侧；以及所述阳极入口和所述阴极入口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的左右两侧。
又如公开号为CN210692683U的中国专利公开的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板、电池及电池堆，包括紧压于一体的阳极板和阴极板；阳极板和阴极板的板面上均开设有凹槽；阳极板和阴极板上均开设有燃料气体入口、燃料气体出口、氧化剂气体入口、氧化剂气体出口及排水口；其中，阳极板上的燃料气体入口和燃料气体出口均与阳极板上的凹槽连通；阴极板上的氧化剂气体入口和氧化剂气体出口均与阴极板上的凹槽连通，各凹 槽内填充有多孔三维基底填充块。
上述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的阳极入口、阳极出口、阴极入口、阴极出口均设于质子交换膜燃料电池的左右两侧，使得阳极气体和阴极气体的进气口的横截面积不够大，气体分配不够均匀、反应不够完全。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，增大了阴极气体和阳极气体进气口的横截面积，使得气体分配更加均匀、反应更加完全。
一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，包括相对设置的阳极单板和阴极单板，所述阳极单板背离所述阴极单板的外侧形成阳极流场，所述阴极单板背离所述阳极单板的外侧形成阴极流场，所述阳极单板和阴极单板之间的界面处形成冷却液流场，所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板上还设有：
与阳极流场连通的阳极气体入口和阳极气体出口，
与阴极流场连通的阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口，
与冷却液流场连通的冷却液入口和冷却液出口，
所述阳极气体入口和阳极气体出口分别设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的两侧，
所述阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口分别设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的两侧，
所述冷却液入口和冷却液出口也分别设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的两侧，并且，阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口对角设置，冷却液入口和冷却液出口对角设置。
具体的，将阳极气体入口设置于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴两侧，扩大了阳极气体进气口的横截面积且使得阳极气体分配更加均匀；将阴极气体设置于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴两侧，扩大了阴极气体进气口的横截面积且使得阴极气体分配更加均匀；且此种进气方式使得阴极气体和阳极气体接触更加充分，反应更加彻底。
冷却液入口与冷却液出口对角设置于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴两侧，使得冷却液能够对流经双极板的各个区域，更好的对质子交换膜燃料电池双极板进行冷却。
优选的，所述阳极流场包括从阳极气体入口一侧到阳极气体出口一侧依次设置的阳极气体入口通道、阳极反应区、阳极气体出口通道，
所述阳极反应区具有从阳极气体入口通道一侧延伸到阳极气体出口通道一侧的多条阳极流道，所述阳极流道为蛇形弯曲结构。
具体的，阳极反应区由多条蛇形弯曲的阳极流道构成，蛇形弯曲结构的阳极流道可适当的增大阳极气体的流动压差，有利于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板运行是阳极排水。
优选的，使用时，所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板沿短轴方向竖向设置，所述阴极气体入口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的上侧，阴极气体出口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的下侧，阴极气体由上往下流动。
具体的，质子交换膜燃料电池双极板沿短轴方向竖向设置，即质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的短轴与地面垂直，且阴极气体从质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的上侧进入，利用重力使得阴极气体从上往下流动，同时阴极气体入口、阴极气体出口设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的长轴上，缩短了引起其提流动的距离，进而改善了阴极流场内气体浓度不均的问题。
优选的，所述冷却液入口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的上侧，冷却液出口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的下侧，冷却液由上往下流动。
具体的，冷却液的流动方向与阴极气体的流动方向相同，且分配均匀，可有效减小电堆温度局部差异，提升电堆一致性，提升质子交换膜燃料电池核心发电部件膜电极寿命。
优选的，所述阴极流场包括从阴极气体入口一侧到阴极气体出口一侧依次设置的阴极气体入口通道、阴极气体入口分配区、阴极反应区、阴极气体出口分配区、阴极气体出口通道。
优选的，所述阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口均包括沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列的至少两个，各阴极气体入口之间具有连通各相邻阴极气体入口的阴极气体入口互通通道，各阴极气体出口之间具有连通各相邻阴极气体出口的阴极气体出口互通通道。
具体的，此种结构有利于多节质子交换膜燃料电池双极板装配下阴极气体的均匀分配。
优选的，所述阴极反应区具有从阴极气体入口通道一侧延伸到阴极气体出口通道一侧的多条阴极流道，所述阴极反应区具有朝向背离阳极单板一侧的凸块，各凸块沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列成行，各行凸块再沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向排列；
每一行凸块中各凸块间隔排列，且相邻凸块之间的间隔小于凸块沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的长度；
相邻两行凸块之间错位设置，使其中一行凸块对准另一行凸块的间隙；
同一行凸块中的间隙以及相邻两行凸块之间形成阴极流道。
优选的，所述凸块在沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向上中间高、前后低形成前后两面斜面，
相邻两行凸块之间间隙排列或者斜面的一部分重叠排列。
具体的，此种结构下，阴极流场为倾斜的流场，有利于增加碳纸侧流向分压；同时，此种结构阴极流场细密化增加支撑用于防止膜电极塌陷。
优选的，凸块沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的长度为
1～2mm，沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的宽度为0.5～1mm；凸块上斜面的倾斜角度为10°～30°。
优选的，所述冷却液入口和冷却液出口均包括沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列的至少两个，各冷却液入口之间具有连通各相邻冷却液入口的冷却液入口互通通道，各冷却液出口之间具有连通各相邻冷却液出口的冷却液出口互通通道。
具体的，此种结构有利于多节质子交换膜燃料电池双极板装配下冷却液的均匀分配。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益之处在于：
(1)阳极气体从质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的短轴进入，阴极气体和冷却液从质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的长轴进入，同时阴极气体的进出口、冷却液的进出口均对角设置，且阳极流场采用蛇形流场，此种结构不仅扩大了阳极气体进气口的横截面积是阳极气体分配更加均匀，还有利于质子交换膜燃料电池运行时阳极排水。
(2)由倾斜、排列成行且错位设置的凸块构成的阴极流场，有利于增加碳纸侧流向分压，同时凸起形成细密化支撑可防止膜电极塌陷。
(3)阴极气体入口分配区的结构，使阴极气体在进入阴反应区之后分配的更加均匀；阴极气体出口分配区的结构，是的阴极反应区反应之后的产物能够迅速的排出。
(4)阴极气体入口互通通道的结构利于多节质子交换膜燃料电池双极板装配下阴极气体的均匀分配。
(5)冷却液入口互通通道的结构有利于多节质子交换膜燃料电池双极板装配下冷却液的均匀分配。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的阳极单板示意图；
图2为本发明提供的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的阴极单板示意图；
图3为图2中A的放大图；
图4为本发明提供的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的阳极气体、阴极气体、冷却液的流动示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1-4所示，质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的长轴两侧分设有阳极气体入口110、阳极气体出口120，且阳极单板100上设有与阳极气体入口110、阳极气体出口120连通的阳极反应区，阳极反应区由多个相互平行且紧密排列的阳极流道140构成，阳极流道140为蛇形弯曲结构，阳极流道140两端分设有阳极气体入口通道130、阳极气体出口通道150，阳极气体入口通道130与阳极气体入口110连通，阳极气体出口通道150与阳极气体出口120连通，阳极气体入口110的数量少于阳极气体入口通道130，阳极气体出口120数量少于阳极气体出口通道150。
质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴两侧分设有阴极气体入口210、阴极气体出口220，阴极气体入口210和阴极气体出口220均包括沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列的至少两个，且阴极单板200上设有与阴极气体入口210、阴极气体出口220连通的阴极反应区；阴极气体从阴极气体入口210进入到阴极单板200后从阴极气体入口互通通道280进入到阴极气体入口通道230，然后从阴极气体入口通道230流入阴极气体入口 分配区240，在阴极气体入口分配区240将阴极气体均匀分配后进入阴极反应区，在阴极反应区反应后流入阴极气体出口分配区250，在阴极气体出口分配区250均匀分配之后进入到阴极气体出口通道260，随后从阴极气体出口通道260流至阴极气体出口互通通道290，最后阴极气体从阴极气体出口220流出。
阴极反应区具有朝向背离阳极单板100一侧的凸块271，各凸块271沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列成行，凸块271沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的长度为1～2mm，各行凸块271再沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向排列，凸块271沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的宽度为0.5～1mm，凸块上斜面的倾斜角度为10°～30°；每一行凸块271中各凸块271间隔排列，且相邻凸块271之间的间隔小于凸块271沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的长度；相邻两行凸块271之间错位设置，使其中一行凸块271对准另一行凸块271的间隙；同一行凸块271中的间隙以及相邻两行凸块271之间形成阴极流道270；且凸块271在沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向上中间高、前后低形成前后两面斜面，相邻两行凸块271之间间隙排列或者斜面的一部分重叠排列。
质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴两侧分设有冷却液入口310、冷却液出口320，冷却液经冷却液入口310流入冷却液入口互通通道330，经冷却液入口互通通道330后流经整个质子交换膜燃料电池双极板后仅冷却液出口互通通道340后从冷却液出口320流出。
冷却液流场由阳极单板100与阴极单板200间空腔形成，冷却液流场两侧贴合结构，一侧为条状流场，一侧为倾斜单元流场，条状流场有利于冷却液的横向流动，倾斜单元流场有利于冷却液的多向扩散，使冷却液在空腔内部均匀分布，均衡双极板整体温度，有利于双极板散热。
此外，与阴极气体入口分配区240、阴极气体出口分配区250相接合的阳极单板100区域为条状凸起结构，相互接合空腔形成冷却液入/出口分配区，且该条状凸起区域与阳极气体反应区被阳极单板100密封条隔离，形成特殊的分配区域，在形成冷却液进/出口分配区的同时不影响阳极气体反应区域，且不影响阳极气体的密封与分配。
同时冷却液入口310与阴极气体入口210设于短轴的同一侧，冷却液出口320与阴极气体出口220设于相对的另一侧，且冷却液入口310与冷 却液出口320对角设置，阴极气体入口210与阴极气体出口220对角设置。
具体使用时，质子交换膜燃料电池双极板沿短轴方向竖向设置，即质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的短轴与放置面垂直，且阴极气体入口210、冷却液入口310位于上侧，阴极气体出口220、冷却液出口320位于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板下侧，阴极气体由上往下流动、冷却液由上往下流动。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，包括相对设置的阳极单板和阴极单板，所述阳极单板背离所述阴极单板的外侧形成阳极流场，所述阴极单板背离所述阳极单板的外侧形成阴极流场，所述阳极单板和阴极单板之间的界面处形成冷却液流场，所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板上还设有：
    与阳极流场连通的阳极气体入口和阳极气体出口，
    与阴极流场连通的阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口，
    与冷却液流场连通的冷却液入口和冷却液出口，
    其特征在于，
    所述阳极气体入口和阳极气体出口分别设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的两侧，
    所述阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口分别设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的两侧，
    所述冷却液入口和冷却液出口也分别设于质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的两侧，并且，阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口对角设置，冷却液入口和冷却液出口对角设置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述阳极流场包括从阳极气体入口一侧到阳极气体出口一侧依次设置的阳极气体入口通道、阳极反应区、阳极气体出口通道，
    所述阳极反应区具有从阳极气体入口通道一侧延伸到阳极气体出口通道一侧的多条阳极流道，所述阳极流道为蛇形弯曲结构。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，使用时，所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板沿短轴方向竖向设置，所述阴极气体入口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的上侧，阴极气体出口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的下侧，阴极气体由上往下流动。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述冷却液入口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的上侧，冷却液出口位于所述质子交换膜燃料电池双极板的下侧，冷却液由上往下流动。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述阴极流场包括从阴极气体入口一侧到阴极气体出口一侧依次设置的 阴极气体入口通道、阴极气体入口分配区、阴极反应区、阴极气体出口分配区、阴极气体出口通道。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述阴极气体入口和阴极气体出口均包括沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列的至少两个，各阴极气体入口之间具有连通各相邻阴极气体入口的阴极气体入口互通通道，各阴极气体出口之间具有连通各相邻阴极气体出口的阴极气体出口互通通道。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述阴极反应区具有从阴极气体入口通道一侧延伸到阴极气体出口通道一侧的多条阴极流道，所述阴极反应区具有朝向背离阳极单板一侧的凸块，各凸块沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列成行，各行凸块再沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向排列；
    每一行凸块中各凸块间隔排列，且相邻凸块之间的间隔小于凸块沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的长度；
    相邻两行凸块之间错位设置，使其中一行凸块对准另一行凸块的间隙；
    同一行凸块中的间隙以及相邻两行凸块之间形成阴极流道。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述凸块在沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向上中间高、前后低形成前后两面斜面，
    相邻两行凸块之间间隙排列或者斜面的一部分重叠排列。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，凸块沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向的长度为1～2mm，沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板短轴方向的宽度为0.5～1mm；凸块上斜面的倾斜角度为10°～30°。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的质子交换膜燃料电池双极板，其特征在于，所述冷却液入口和冷却液出口均包括沿质子交换膜燃料电池双极板长轴方向排列的至少两个，各冷却液入口之间具有连通各相邻冷却液入口的冷却液入口互通通道，各冷却液出口之间具有连通各相邻冷却液出口的冷却液出口互通通道。
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