WO2022268264A1 - Strukturintegrierte elektrochemische zelle und daraus aufgebauter strukturintegrierter stack - Google Patents
Strukturintegrierte elektrochemische zelle und daraus aufgebauter strukturintegrierter stack Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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Definitions
- the application relates to the space-efficient integration of electrochemical reactors, in particular flow reactors, such as flow batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers or water treatment cells (in particular for capacitive deionization or electrodialysis), in the support and shaping structures of mobile elements or stationary elements of space travel, where In addition to their primary tasks, such as energy storage, energy conversion, basic material production or filtration, the flow reactors can also perform other tasks such as mechanical stiffening of the structures, support for thermal management and/or the absorption of radiation. Electrochemical reactors that are flexible in bending and at the same time pressure-stable (that is to say in particular stable against compressive forces acting from outside) are particularly suitable for this purpose.
- the pressure stability (which according to the application is essentially understood to mean the mechanical pressure stability) of the reactors, in particular flow reactors, is achieved according to the application by a continuous form fit of the flow cells, also in the area of the electrochemically active cell area, with simultaneous bending flexibility through the use of flexible materials and/or or flexible structures.
- dimensionally stable porous electrodes such as hard fleece or felt or metal foam, can thus be used to guide the fluid.
- the multiple use of the flow reactors can also increase the overall system efficiency.
- Electrochemical flow reactors are known from the prior art, which have at least one anode, at least one cathode and at least one electrolyte, which enables a charge exchange between anode and cathode. In the operating state, fluids flow through the flow reactors, which ensure the reactant supply and removal.
- Electrochemical flow reactors are usually composed of several electrochemical flow cells, which often have a plate-like and inflexible shape and are connected in a bipolar manner to form a cell stack. These stacks are mostly cuboid, bulky structures that enable the functionality of the flow reactors, but can only be installed in mobile and stationary objects with little space efficiency.
- a fundamental possibility for accommodating electrochemical reactors in objects in a particularly space-efficient manner would be to integrate the reactors into existing structures, such as the outer and/or partition walls of vehicles or missiles.
- existing structures such as the outer and/or partition walls of vehicles or missiles.
- the reactors known from the prior art cannot be adapted to the existing structures and cannot take over the tasks of the replaced structure.
- a current state of the art approach is to extend the functionality of electrochemical non-flow cells through structural battery composites made of carbon fibers in a structural solid electrolyte matrix, with the chemistry of the non-flow cells being based on lithium iron phosphate.
- the disadvantages of this approach are, on the one hand, the time-consuming research and development of new cell chemistries that are suitable for the structural materials used to date, and, on the other hand, the exclusive suitability for electrochemical non-flow cells.
- the present invention is based on the object of overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art and specifying an electrochemical cell which preferably realizes several or all of the following properties: installation space efficiency in mobile and stationary objects, integrability in existing structures, in particular structures or structural elements due to the functionality of the respective mobile or stationary object inevitably arise (e.g.
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell, in particular a redox flow battery, with at least one cell frame and at least one electrode, the cell frame enclosing a cell interior on the peripheral side, the cell frame having at least one feed channel for feeding in a fluid, in particular an electrolyte , into the cell interior and at least one discharge channel for discharging the fluid from the cell interior, and optionally at least one semipermeable membrane and optionally at least one bipolar plate, the cell frame, the electrode and the optionally present semipermeable membrane and the optionally present bipolar plate being essentially positively connected to one another are.
- the components of the electrochemical cell mentioned are connected to one another in a form-fitting manner, in particular during integration or for integration into a supporting and/or shaping structure of mobile or stationary elements, in particular orthogonally to the membrane plane in the region of the active cell surface or active cell surfaces.
- the form fit in particular in the area of the active cell surface, can also only be realized through installation in the supporting and/or shaping structure.
- a form fit is also understood to mean in particular a flush arrangement of the various components, with the components no longer being able to position themselves in relation to one another. According to the application, the form fit also achieves mechanical pressure stability in particular.
- a non-positive fastening for example by means of a screw connection, or a materially bonded fastening, for example by means of an adhesive
- mobile elements are understood to mean in particular vehicles (i.e. land vehicles and means of transport, aircraft and spacecraft and watercraft, for example spacecraft, ships or airplanes), and stationary elements of space travel, for example space stations (such as future space stations on the moon).
- a support and/or shaping structure is understood to mean a structural element of the mobile or stationary structure in which the electrochemical cell is arranged, ie in particular a structural element of the vehicle or the stationary element in space travel.
- the shaping structure can be, for example, the outer shell or the fuselage of the vehicle, but it can also be a cell, for example in the case of vehicles made up of several modules or cells, in particular spacecraft or space stations, or also a fuselage section, in particular in aircraft.
- the forming structure will be a structural member which bounds or envelops a cell used by people, or is composed of a plurality of such cells (such as an aircraft fuselage). Passenger cells, control stations or modules of a space station should be mentioned as examples.
- the support structures can be, for example, transversely, diagonally or longitudinally stiffened load-bearing structures that support an outer skin.
- the supporting and shaping structure can also be a covering element within a vehicle body or a vehicle cell, within which supporting structures are arranged.
- electrochemical cell is understood to mean all electrochemical cells known from the prior art. These are known in various configurations and are sometimes also referred to as electrochemical reactors, since electrochemical reactions take place in the electrochemical cells.
- the electrochemical cells can be designed, for example, as galvanic cells in the form of electrochemical current sources, which supply usable electrical energy through chemical reactions at the various electrodes.
- the electrochemical cells can also be electrolytic cells that are used in the production of certain products Applying an external voltage are used.
- the production of hydrogen for fuel cells or the production of oxygen by electrolysis of water is conceivable.
- Accumulator cells serve alternately as a power source like galvanic cells and also as a power storage device, as in an electrolytic cell.
- water treatment via electrodialysis or capacitive deionization should be mentioned.
- the cell is flexible, in particular flexible in bending.
- the bending flexibility can essentially be achieved through the use of flexible materials and/or flexible structures.
- Structures that are flexible in bending can be realized, for example, by specifically providing material recesses (for example grooves, grooves or notches or generally V-shaped recesses) in one main surface or both main surfaces in the cell, in particular also in the electrode, which allow an adaptation to geometries allow the structure, in particular support structure, into which the installation takes place.
- the recesses can be designed in such a way that essentially only a slot remains after installation.
- the geometry of the recess can be specifically provided (for example by selecting the opening angle of the V-shaped structure) so that during installation it automatically results in the inner geometry of the structure into which it is installed. This is particularly advantageous in the aerospace sector, since the greatest possible flexibility with regard to the specific installation position is required here.
- Certain materials per se allow a certain bending flexibility (they are then flexible materials), but at the same time have mechanical pressure stability.
- conductive porous polymers, conductive polymer-based composite materials or egg-type nonwovens or felts and metal foams such as aluminum foam, nickel foam or titanium foam should be mentioned.
- the cell can be designed in such a way that the surfaces enclosed by the cell frame are arranged at a distance of 0.2 to 100 mm, often 2 to 10 mm, from one another on average.
- the spacing will be based on the structure being built into; conceivable is, for example, at lunar stations or the like, a relatively large spacing, which also can be over 100 mm.
- thinner cells should be provided for sufficient flexural strength, in the case of cells with very flexible materials or structures and very large surfaces in the porous electrodes (e.g. with metal foams or with conductive porous polymer assemblies with porosities of preferably more than 90%), very thick geometries can also be realized if necessary.
- the present invention can be used with all types of electrochemical cells. However, the invention is particularly preferred in connection with accumulator cells and here preferably in connection with redox flow batteries, which themselves have been known for a long time and in various designs. Such designs are described by way of example in EP 0 051 766 A1 and US 2004/0170893 A1. The invention is frequently explained below using redox flow batteries. Except for embodiments that are limited exclusively to redox flow batteries, the disclosure content is also to be understood in relation to electrochemical cells in general.
- An important advantage of the redox flow batteries lies in the flexible scalability of performance and capacity and thus in their suitability for being able to store very large amounts of energy even with a lower selected performance and vice versa.
- the energy is stored in electrolytes that can be kept in external tanks.
- the electrolytes usually have metallic ions of different oxidation states.
- the electrolytes are pumped through a so-called electrochemical cell.
- the local separation of energy conversion and storage brings other advantages, such as particularly low self-discharge and theoretically non-existent degradation of the electrodes.
- the electrolyte container can be used as storage space outside of the cell space, for example outside of the spacecraft, but they can also be located in the same supporting and shaping structures as the electrochemical cells.
- the structural integration of both the energy converter cells and the energy storage tanks is possible, so that these represent part of the outer shell or the fuselage of the vehicle, for example the spacecraft, for example in two or more layers.
- the energy storage tanks can be filled with the storage media either before transport to the place of action or after reaching the place of action by means of an additional supply mission.
- the electrochemical cell according to the application is generally formed from two half-cells which are separated from one another by a separator in the form of a semi-permeable membrane and each have an electrolyte and an electrode.
- the purpose of the semipermeable membrane is to spatially and electrically separate the cathode and the anode of an electrochemical cell.
- the semi-permeable membrane must therefore be permeable to ions, which convert the stored chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa.
- Semipermeable membranes can be formed, for example, from microporous plastics and nonwovens made from glass fiber or polyethylene and so-called diaphragms.
- Redox reactions take place at both electrodes of the electrochemical cell, with the electrolytes releasing electrons at one electrode and accepting electrons at the other electrode.
- the metallic and/or non-metallic ions of the electrolytes form redox pairs and consequently generate a redox potential.
- the electrodes of a cell between which a potential difference forms as a result of the redox potentials, are outside the cell, e.g. B. via an electrical load, electrically connected to each other. While the electrons pass from one half-cell to the other outside the cell, ions from the electrolyte pass directly from one half-cell to the other half-cell through the semi-permeable membrane.
- a charger can be connected to the electrodes of the half-cells instead of the electrical consumer, for example by means of a charger Potential difference are applied, through which the redox reactions taking place at the electrodes of the half-cells are reversed.
- Cell frames that enclose a cell interior are used, inter alia, to form the cell described.
- the cell frames typically do not enclose the cell interior completely, but only along a peripheral narrow side.
- the cell frame therefore runs around the circumference of the cell interior and separates two opposite, larger-area sides from one another, which in turn are assigned to a semipermeable membrane or an electrode.
- the thickness of the cell frame, which is formed by the edge of the cell frame, is typically significantly less than the width and the height of the cell frame, which define the larger-area opposite sides.
- Each half-cell of the electrochemical cell includes a cell frame of this type, which is produced, for example, from a thermoplastic material by injection molding.
- a semi-permeable membrane is arranged between two cell frames, which separates the electrolytes of the half-cells from one another with regard to a convective exchange of substances, but allows certain ions to diffuse from one half-cell into the other half-cell.
- an electrode is assigned to each of the cell interiors in such a way that they are in contact with the electrolyte flowing through the cell interiors. The electrodes can, for example, close off the cell interior of each cell frame on the side facing away from the semipermeable membrane.
- the cell interior can remain essentially free and only be filled with one electrolyte at a time; alternatively, the respective electrode can also be provided at least partially in the cell interior.
- the electrode is then typically designed in such a way that the electrolyte can partially flow through the electrode.
- electrodes with a high specific surface come into consideration here, on which the corresponding electrochemical reactions can take place correspondingly quickly and/or comprehensively.
- the cell interiors are usually closed by the electrode on the side facing away from the semipermeable membrane even when the electrode protrudes into the cell interior.
- bipolar plates which can be coated with a catalyst or another substance, can also be used as electrodes.
- Each cell frame has openings and channels through which the corresponding electrolyte can flow from a supply line into the respective cell interior and can be withdrawn from there and fed to a disposal line.
- the electrolytes of the half-cells are pumped from a storage tank to a collection tank via the supply line and the disposal line. This allows the electrolytes to be reused, which consequently do not have to be discarded or replaced.
- a redox flow battery comprises only a single cell
- supply lines for each half-cell and disposal lines for each half-cell are located outside the cell frames forming the half-cells.
- Each cell frame has at least two openings, at least one of which is connected to a supply line, while the at least one other opening is connected to the disposal line.
- each port is connected to a flow channel that opens to the cell interior. This allows electrolyte to be supplied from the supply line to the cell interior via a supply channel and the electrolyte that has flowed through the cell interior to be discharged via a discharge channel.
- the respective supply channel and/or discharge channel can branch one or more times between the outer opening and the cell interior, i.e. in the area of the frame jacket of the cell frame be.
- a number of separate supply channels and/or discharge channels for supplying and discharging electrolyte can be provided in the cell frame. In both cases, the electrolyte enters the cell interior distributed as evenly as possible via the outlet openings of the supply channels on one side of the cell frame and exits the cell interior again as evenly distributed as possible via the discharge channels on the other side of the cell frame.
- the feed channels are connected to the supply line via inlet openings. That's how he can Electrolyte from the supply line through the at least one feed channel of the cell frame of each half-cell into the corresponding cell interior.
- a plurality of electrochemical cells of the same type are combined in a redox flow battery.
- the cells are usually stacked on top of each other, which is why the entirety of the cells is also referred to as a cell stack or cell stack.
- the electrolytes usually flow through the individual cells parallel to one another, while the cells are usually electrically connected in series.
- the cells are usually connected hydraulically in parallel and electrically in series. In this case, the state of charge of the electrolytes is the same in one of the half-cells of the cell stack.
- half-cells are connected to one another with supply and disposal lines.
- each half-cell or each cell interior of a cell has a different electrolyte flowing through it, the two electrolytes must be separated from one another while passing through the cell stack. Therefore, as a rule, two separate supply lines and two separate disposal lines are provided along the cell stack.
- Each of these channels is usually partially formed by the cell frames themselves, which have four openings for this purpose. The openings extend along the cell stack and form the supply and disposal lines, arranged one behind the other and, if necessary, separated from one another by sealing materials. In the case of such cell stacks, one will often select an embodiment with flexible electrode materials, but an embodiment with flexible structures or mixed forms of the two are also conceivable.
- the electrodes in at least one of the half-cells reach at least partially into the cell interior, are porous and have the corresponding electrolyte flowing through them.
- the electrochemical cell according to the application has an at least partially porous electrode in the cell interior for the electrolyte to flow through from the at least one supply channel to the at least one discharge channel. Since the porous section of the electrode is different from a non-porous section of the electrode that is also possible the electrolyte can flow through, the space occupied by the porous section of the electrode is assigned to the cell interior, which is plausible in particular from a functional point of view.
- the porous section of the electrode can be designed in one piece or in multiple pieces, with a one-piece configuration being possible for the sake of simplicity.
- the porous electrode can be made of a conductive porous polymer, a conductive polymer-based composite material (e.g. a composite made of a larger proportion of polypropylene or polyethylene and a smaller proportion of graphite and carbon black), a fleece or felt-like material, such as graphite fleece and/or consist of a metal foam or comprise one or more of these materials.
- a metal foam structure is understood here, based on the general definition of foam, as an association of two-phase systems that is formed from gaseous areas that are separated by solid metal walls (solid foam). Depending on the manufacturing process, the structures of the porous metals can look very different.
- the term metal foam is also used in the prior art as a synonym for porous metals that have very different properties.
- the common characteristic feature is the high porosity of the structures, usually more than 90%, and their targeted production. Therefore, according to the application, metal meshes, fleece-like or felt-like structures and, in general, open-pored structures based on fibers or fabrics (such as fabrics and knitted fabrics) are also counted among the metal foams.
- the metal foam according to the application can consist of a metal (also of an alloy), but it can also be a metal structure whose surface (to ensure improved chemical stability with respect to the fluid or the electrolyte, for example) is coated, in particular the entire the fluid-facing surface of the metal foam.
- a metal-coated (for example polymer-based) base structure can also be used, as is possible with metalized textiles, for example, if this is feasible from the point of view of the egg production process.
- metal foams with at least partially open-pored structures are required in order to ensure transport of the electrolytes.
- the pores of an open-pored area are connected to each other.
- the production of metal foams is known from the literature and can be done, for example, by:
- the porosity of the electrode provides a significantly larger interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, which favors the processes and reactions taking place in the corresponding interface. In particular, the processes and reactions run faster and/or more extensively.
- a porous portion of the electrode is provided in the cell interior and electrically conductively connected to a non-porous portion of the electrode. Electrolyte cannot pass through the non-porous portion of the electrode, unlike the porous portion of the electrode. This can be used to at least partially close the cell interior. Closing the cell interior is particularly useful on a side of the cell frame that is opposite a semipermeable membrane and can in turn close the cell interior on the corresponding side. The cell interior is closed by the cell frame itself on the sides defining the length and width of the cell frame by the electrode and the semipermeable membrane and on the narrow sides of the cell frame defining the height or thickness of the cell frame.
- the cell interior over the at least electrolyte can be supplied via a feed channel and/or electrolyte can be removed via the at least one discharge channel.
- a cell stack can also be formed very easily and efficiently from a plurality of electrochemical cells stacked one on top of the other.
- the non-porous section of the electrode can be in the form of a bipolar plate.
- the use of bipolar plates in combination with porous electrodes has already been provided for in a number of known electrochemical cells. For the sake of simplicity, a similar configuration also appears to be advantageous here.
- the form-fitting and often also flexurally flexible structure of the cell according to the invention can also be realized if the electrode is not porous, for example even if non-porous electrodes with an integrated fluid guide are used.
- the pressure loss of the electrolyte across the cell interior can be reduced in that the flow of the electrolyte through the cell interior is more uniform.
- at least one preferably rectangular flow channel can be embedded in the electrode.
- the flow channel is characterized in that the free flow cross section in the flow channel is significantly larger, in particular by a multiple, than the average pore diameter of the porous section of the electrode. Electrolyte can then get into the pores of the electrode via the flow channel. Alternatively or additionally, electrolyte escaping from the pores of the electrode can be collected in the flow channel. Against this background, it is also particularly useful if the at least one flow channel is embedded in the porous section of the electrode.
- the at least one flow channel is connected to an inlet opening and/or outlet opening. Then the electrolyte to be distributed can be distributed via the flow channel in the porosity of the electrode and/or the electrolyte to be collected can be collected via the flow channel.
- the flow of the electrolyte can be distributed uniformly to the cell interior of the cell frame if the flow channels adjoining at least one inlet opening and the flow channels adjoining at least one outlet opening are alternately provided in at least one direction. In this case, this direction is preferably aligned parallel to a plane defined by the cell frame.
- the use of flexible and at the same time mechanically pressure-resistant electrochemical flow reactors can be integrated directly into supporting and shaping structures of mobile and stationary elements, which can lead to greater installation space efficiency and, as a result of the multiple use of the flow reactors, to a higher overall system efficiency. Since only the design of the electrochemical flow cells and, above all, the electrode material have to be adapted for this purpose, there is no need for time-consuming research and development of new cell chemistries and cell chemistries that are already known, in particular those with particularly high energy and/or power densities, can also be used .
- the mechanical pressure stability of the flow reactors is achieved through a continuous form fit of the flow cells, also in the area of the electrochemically active cell surface, with simultaneous bending flexibility through the use of flexible materials and/or structures achieved.
- the cells are essentially designed in a form-fitting manner, whereby essentially form-fitting means that a certain degree of positional flexibility of the cell components may (but does not always have to) be necessary for the installation of the cell in a specific structure, but in the installed state a complete form-fitting of the battery cell components is realized.
- Position flexibility means that a membrane, bipolar plate or even an electrode (for example when using a metal mesh) cannot yet be in a tensioned state when it is not yet installed. The tension is typically generated by the installation).
- the installed cell In contrast to the uninstalled cell, the installed cell usually no longer has any flexibility in terms of position, but will generally still be flexible to a certain extent.
- particularly dimensionally stable porous electrodes, such as metal foam, in particular meshes and fleece-like or felt-like structures can thus be used for fluid guidance.
- the flexural flexibility will be significantly lower in the installed state than in the non-installed state, and there will often be essentially no more flexural flexibility.
- a degree of flexural flexibility is required only to tolerate mechanical stresses (such as those encountered during the launch of a rocket or aircraft) imposed on the support or shaping structure into which the cell is incorporated.
- essentially no bending flexibility therefore means that the bending flexibility can disappear during installation to the extent that only the mechanical stress on the mobile or stationary element (or their substructures) has to be taken into account and these mechanical stresses are absorbed by the residual bending flexibility can.
- stabilization structures can be arranged in the cell, which allow force absorption in the direction of the compressive forces acting on the cell.
- stabilization structures in the manner of a honeycomb, in which the individual honeycomb elements are perforated in order to allow the fluid to flow through, or else columnar stabilization structures arranged between the semipermeable membrane and the bipolar plate.
- a structure like a honeycomb can be the honeycomb itself, but it can also be a rhombus or a square or—in the case of more curved and non-planar geometries, for example, partial surfaces of a Archimedean or Platonic solid.
- Recesses can be specifically provided for such stabilization structures in the geometries of the electrodes used, so that these stabilization structures are integrated into the electrode or electrode layer.
- an electrode material can be used which (despite being flexible in bending) does not cause any mechanical stabilization of the overall structure of the electrochemical cell, for example a soft fleece. Any known, in particular porous, electrode materials are therefore possible in this embodiment.
- the flexurally flexible and at the same time mechanically pressure-resistant electrochemical flow reactors can be integrated into supporting and shaping structures of mobile and stationary elements and, in addition to their primary tasks, such as energy storage, energy conversion, basic material production or filtration, they can also perform other tasks, such as mechanical stiffening of the structures, the support of thermal management or the absorption of radiation.
- One example is the integration of flexible and pressure-resistant redox flow battery cells into the supporting structure of the modules of a space station.
- the electrochemical flow cells can be arranged in segments or circumferentially on the cylindrical structure.
- redox flow batteries Due to the purely catalytic effect of the functional components of redox flow batteries, these have an enormous cycle stability and service life and should therefore be operational over the entire service life of space station modules equipped with them. This would eliminate the need for costly, time-consuming, and resource-intensive battery replacement missions.
- the redox flow battery cells can mechanically stiffen the support structure due to the pressure stability and, thanks to the circulating liquid electrolytes, Support thermal management and possibly even absorb cosmic radiation.
- water treatment reactors and reactors for electrochemical oxygen generation could also be integrated into the support structure of the space station modules.
- Figure 1 shows an electrochemical flow reactor according to the prior art with two half-cells, each containing an end electrode (1 1, 12) and a Flalbzellraum with graphite fleece electrode (13, 14).
- Each Flalbzellraum is filled with a fluid, the fluid can be circulated by means of a pump (20).
- the fluid includes an electrolyte having a redox active species; in Figure 1 therefore shows an electrolyte tank with an electrolyte with a redox-active species A (22) and an electrolyte tank with an electrolyte with a redox-active species B (23).
- the electrolyte enables a charge exchange between anode and cathode, with ions being able to diffuse through a membrane (5) both during the charging process (1) and during the discharging process (2).
- FIG. 2 shows an electrochemical flow reactor according to the prior art, which is made up of a number of electrochemical flow cells which are connected to form a cell stack.
- the individual flow cells are connected to one another via bipolar plates (10); membranes (15) are arranged between the half-cells.
- Figure 3 shows a bipolar sandwich structure of an electrochemical flow reactor (100) formed from electrochemical cells according to the application with porous electrodes (11, 12) (in this embodiment made of a flexible metal foam), bipolar plates (10) and membranes (15).
- porous electrodes (11, 12) in this embodiment made of a flexible metal foam
- bipolar plates (10) in this embodiment made of a flexible metal foam
- membranes 15
- the arrowheads point to the installation of this battery in the outer shell (51), which at the same time forms a cylindrical support structure and shaping structure, of a space station module (50).
- FIG. 4 shows detailed views of a cylindrical shaping structure (52) at the top left and right.
- This can be, for example, the shaping structure of a space station module (50).
- Bottom left is in Figure 4 the structural integration of the electrochemical flow reactor (100) shown in the shaping structure (52).
- Bracing elements (60) for mechanical stabilization can also be seen here.
- the electrochemical flow reactor (100) is arranged in a form-fitting manner between the inner shell (61b) and the outer shell (61a).
- FIG. 5 shows on the left another embodiment of a cylindrical shaping structure (52), which can be the shaping structure of a space station module (50).
- a cylindrical shaping structure 52
- an energy storage tank 70
- the shell of the spacecraft in addition to the electrochemical flow reactor (100), an energy storage tank (70) is integrated into the shell of the spacecraft.
- FIG. 6 shows an electrode (20) with a flexible structure before and after installation in a structural element of a mobile or stationary object.
- the bending flexibility (before installation) is realized here by V-shaped material cutouts (30).
- the material recesses are only slit-shaped; the electrode (20) has the shape of a cylinder segment or was adapted during installation to the structure of the mobile or stationary object, which is cylindrical here.
- FIG. 7 shows electrochemical flow cells through which flow can take place at the top, with additional stabilization structures.
- the upper embodiments show flow cells with stabilization structures in the manner of a honeycomb (40)—on the left with rhombic stabilization structures (41), on the right with honeycomb stabilization structures (42); the lower embodiment shows a flow cell with columnar stabilization structures (45), in which the columnar stabilization structures (46) allow force absorption in the direction of the pressure forces acting on the cell.
- the cells each have a plurality of inflow openings and outflow openings (both denoted by 25).
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE112022003169.7T DE112022003169A5 (de) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Strukturintegrierte elektrochemische zelle und daraus aufgebauter strukturintegrierter stack |
KR1020237042956A KR20240024817A (ko) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | 구조 통합형 전기화학 셀 및 이것으로 구성된 구조 통합형 스택 |
EP22747577.9A EP4360148A1 (de) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Strukturintegrierte elektrochemische zelle und daraus aufgebauter strukturintegrierter stack |
US18/571,347 US20240282981A1 (en) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | Structure-integrated electrochemical cell and structure-integrated stack constructed therefrom |
CN202280044330.3A CN117546318A (zh) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | 结构集成的电化学电池和由其构造的结构集成电池组 |
JP2023578944A JP2024527280A (ja) | 2021-06-22 | 2022-06-22 | 構造的に統合された電気化学的なセルおよび該電気化学的なセルから構築された構造的に統合されたスタック |
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DE102021116066 | 2021-06-22 | ||
DE102021116066.9 | 2021-06-22 |
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WO2022268264A1 true WO2022268264A1 (de) | 2022-12-29 |
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US (1) | US20240282981A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4360148A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2024527280A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20240024817A (de) |
CN (1) | CN117546318A (de) |
DE (1) | DE112022003169A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022268264A1 (de) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0051766A1 (de) | 1980-11-07 | 1982-05-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Haltevorrichtung für elektrische Geräte, insbesondere für Einbruchdetektoren |
DE69905177T2 (de) * | 1999-07-01 | 2003-06-05 | Squirrel Holdings Ltd., George Town | Durch membran getrennter bipolarer mehrzelliger elektrochemischer reaktor |
US20040170893A1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2004-09-02 | Hiroyuki Nakaishi | Cell frame for redox flow cell and redox flow cell |
WO2014131702A1 (de) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-04 | Cellstrom Gmbh | Elastomerer endrahmen einer redox-durchflussbatterie |
EP3311438A1 (de) * | 2015-06-16 | 2018-04-25 | Chrome Plated Power SAS | Leistungsstarke redox-flussbatterie auf basis des criii/crvi-redox-paars und seiner vermittelten regeneration |
WO2022063610A1 (de) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Elektrochemische zelle, insbesondere einer redox-flow-batterie, sowie entsprechender zellstack |
-
2022
- 2022-06-22 KR KR1020237042956A patent/KR20240024817A/ko unknown
- 2022-06-22 CN CN202280044330.3A patent/CN117546318A/zh active Pending
- 2022-06-22 US US18/571,347 patent/US20240282981A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-22 DE DE112022003169.7T patent/DE112022003169A5/de active Pending
- 2022-06-22 EP EP22747577.9A patent/EP4360148A1/de active Pending
- 2022-06-22 JP JP2023578944A patent/JP2024527280A/ja active Pending
- 2022-06-22 WO PCT/DE2022/100460 patent/WO2022268264A1/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0051766A1 (de) | 1980-11-07 | 1982-05-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Haltevorrichtung für elektrische Geräte, insbesondere für Einbruchdetektoren |
DE69905177T2 (de) * | 1999-07-01 | 2003-06-05 | Squirrel Holdings Ltd., George Town | Durch membran getrennter bipolarer mehrzelliger elektrochemischer reaktor |
US20040170893A1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2004-09-02 | Hiroyuki Nakaishi | Cell frame for redox flow cell and redox flow cell |
WO2014131702A1 (de) * | 2013-03-01 | 2014-09-04 | Cellstrom Gmbh | Elastomerer endrahmen einer redox-durchflussbatterie |
EP3311438A1 (de) * | 2015-06-16 | 2018-04-25 | Chrome Plated Power SAS | Leistungsstarke redox-flussbatterie auf basis des criii/crvi-redox-paars und seiner vermittelten regeneration |
WO2022063610A1 (de) * | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-31 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Elektrochemische zelle, insbesondere einer redox-flow-batterie, sowie entsprechender zellstack |
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CN117546318A (zh) | 2024-02-09 |
JP2024527280A (ja) | 2024-07-24 |
KR20240024817A (ko) | 2024-02-26 |
EP4360148A1 (de) | 2024-05-01 |
US20240282981A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 |
DE112022003169A5 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
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