WO2022263758A1 - Dispositif fluidique de filtration d'un fluide et procédé associé - Google Patents
Dispositif fluidique de filtration d'un fluide et procédé associé Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022263758A1 WO2022263758A1 PCT/FR2022/051124 FR2022051124W WO2022263758A1 WO 2022263758 A1 WO2022263758 A1 WO 2022263758A1 FR 2022051124 W FR2022051124 W FR 2022051124W WO 2022263758 A1 WO2022263758 A1 WO 2022263758A1
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- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502761—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip specially adapted for handling suspended solids or molecules independently from the bulk fluid flow, e.g. for trapping or sorting beads, for physically stretching molecules
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- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluidic device for filtering a fluid and an associated filtration method, for example used to filter water, solid pollutants such as plastic microparticles.
- Plastic microparticles are particles whose diameter is less than 5 mm. They can be divided into primary microplastics and secondary microplastics.
- Primary microplastics are manufactured to be microscopic in size, which refers to plastic particles directly added to products, including particles intended for the manufacture of plastic products, cosmetics, and microbeads contained in household products.
- Secondary microplastics result from the fragmentation of large plastic waste through physical and/or chemical degradation.
- microplastics have become a global environmental concern and a growing problem due to the exponential increase in the production of plastics. This has grown steadily on a global scale since the development of the first synthetic polymers in the middle of the 20th century.
- the main consequence of the high production of plastics is the generation of large quantities of this waste which ends up in the environment, mainly in the marine environment. It is estimated that every year, between 4.8 and 12.7 million tons of plastic waste are introduced into the oceans, becoming a major environmental problem. Based on seawater samples taken, it is estimated that microplastics can represent up to 94% of plastic waste.
- Microplastics have been found in virtually all ecosystems, continental and ocean waters, sediments, air and soils. Microplastics are also present in organisms, mainly in aquatic organisms. Water pollution by microplastics is a significant concern due to the potential damage that can exert on both humans and wildlife.
- a fluidic filtration device suitable for filtering a fluid of at least one particle comprising at least one fluidic network of microfluidic channels, said at least one network comprising:
- each particle positioning channel comprising an inlet of fluid to be filtered and an outlet of fluid to be filtered, the inlet of the first positioning channel among the plurality of positioning channels forming the inlet main fluid to be filtered;
- each particle concentration channel extending along a direction of flow of the fluid to be filtered, each concentration channel comprising an inlet for the fluid to be filtered, at least one outlet for the filtered fluid and a particle concentrate output, the particle concentrate output of the last particle concentration channel among the plurality of particle concentration channels forming the main particle contract output and the particle concentrate output of the other concentration channels of particles being in fluid communication with the inlet of fluid to be filtered of the positioning channel, the fluid outlet of each particle positioning channel being in fluid communication with the inlet of fluid to be filtered of the particle concentration channel;
- each filtered fluid collection channel extending from a particle concentration channel and being in fluid communication with the filtered fluid outlet of said particle concentration channel;
- each positioning channel comprising a plurality of surface modifiers present on the internal wall of the positioning channel, said modifiers being arranged and configured to direct the particles towards a position of the entrance of the concentration channel so as to generate a flow of particles in the concentration channel as far as possible from the filtered fluid outlet (14S.1) of the concentration channel;
- each particle concentration channel comprising a plurality of surface modifiers present on the inner wall of the particle concentration channel, the plurality of modifiers comprising a first group of modifiers arranged and configured to move the particles circulating in the concentration channel away from the outlet and to direct them in the direction of the particle concentrate outlet and a second group of surface modifiers arranged and configured to prevent the passage of particles into the filtered fluid collection channel by forming a passage barrier at the level of the outlet of filtered fluid so that the particle concentration increases as the fluid flows through the particle concentration channels;
- hydrodynamic resistance balancing structure configured so that the hydrodynamic resistance of each of the filtered fluid collection channels R is a function solely of the hydrodynamic resistance Ri and of the ratio a between the volume of filtered fluid and the volume of concentrate of particles at the outlet of each of the particle concentration channels, said balancing structure extending in the form of a channel from the main particle concentrate outlet of the particle concentration channel.
- the balancing structure further comprises a plurality of segments of balancing ducts of different dimensions so as to distribute the hydrodynamic resistance Ri over said particle concentration channel and all of the duct segments.
- the balancing conduits are formed by one or more particle concentrate collection conduits.
- At least one filtered fluid collection channel among the plurality of filtered fluid collection channels is extended by a plurality of segments of hydrodynamic resistance distribution ducts of different dimensions so as to distribute its hydrodynamic resistance on the one hand on said at least one filtered fluid collection channel and on the other hand on said plurality of conduit segments.
- said ducts are formed by one or more filtered fluid collection ducts from the network.
- the hydrodynamic resistance Ri of the balancing structure is greater than the largest hydrodynamic resistance R CG among the R CG of the network by a factor of between 5 and 5,000,000, preferably between 500 and 100,000, the resistance R CG being the sum of the hydrodynamic resistances of the positioning channel and of the adjacent particle concentration channel, the channel of positioning being the channel preceding the concentration channel with respect to the direction of fluid flow.
- the filtered fluid collection channel has a width of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m, a height of between 0.1 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m and a length of between 10 ⁇ m and 100 mm.
- said at least one network comprises:
- said at least one network comprises:
- each of the particle concentration channels comprising an inlet, a particle concentrate outlet and a filtered fluid
- each filtered fluid collection channel extending in the extension of a particle concentration channel and being in fluid communication with said particle concentration channel;
- each positioning channel putting the particle concentrate outlet of a particle concentration channel in fluid communication with the particle concentrate inlet of the following particle concentration channel.
- Surface modifiers include studs, chevrons and/or notches.
- Said pads extend from a surface of the inner wall in the direction of the opposite wall and/or up to the surface of the opposite wall.
- the device comprises a plurality of networks organized according to radial symmetry around a conduit for distributing fluid to be filtered to form a microfluidic unit.
- the device comprises a stack of layers, each layer comprising a plurality of microfluidic units, one end of the stack comprising a fluid distribution network and the other end of the stack comprising a filtered fluid collection network and a particle concentrate collection network, said conduit for distributing fluid to be filtered from each fluidic unit passing through the plurality of layers to supply the main inlet of fluid to be filtered from all of the networks forming the microfluidic unit.
- said at least one network is sized so that at least 10% by mass of the particles having a volume of between 4.10 25 and 7.10 9 m 3 present in the fluid to be filtered are collected at the main outlet. of the particle concentrate (7.2) of the network.
- a filtration assembly suitable for filtering a fluid of at least one particle, comprising a plurality of fluidic devices as defined above, said networks being fluidically connected in series and/or in parallel.
- the assembly comprises twenty fluidic devices, each of the devices forming a stack of one thousand layers having a diameter of 30 cm, each of the layers comprising sixty fluidic units, each of the units comprising sixteen networks organized according to a radial symmetry around a conduit for distributing fluid to be filtered capable of circulating with a flow rate of 100 m 3 /s for a pressure of 10 bars.
- a filtration system comprising:
- a leak or obstruction location system configured to generate an alarm signal in the event of a leak
- a suitable for filtering a fluid of at least one particle comprising:
- a pressure difference is provided between the main inlet and the outlets of the device so as to cause said flow rate in said filtration device, the pressure difference being less than 10 bar.
- the method further comprises, after the filtration step, a washing step in which a washing fluid is passed through the channels forming the microfluidic network, by closing the main fluid inlet at filter, and by reversing the direction of the fluid flow circulating in said at least one filtration network by transforming the filtered fluid outlets into filtered fluid inlets.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates a filtration device according to one embodiment comprising a fluid distribution network to be filtered, a fluid filtration network, a particle collection network and a filtered fluid collection network.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a fluidic filtration network according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 3 schematically illustrates another representation of the fluidic network of FIG. 2 with the hydrodynamic resistances associated with each of the filtered fluid collection channels and the hydrodynamic resistance associated with the last particle concentrate collection channel at the outlet of the network.
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a microfluidic unit according to one embodiment comprising twelve fluidic networks of Figure 2 arranged radially around a conduit for distributing fluid to be filtered (a) and an enlarged top view of the area center of the microfluidic unit (b).
- FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a filtration device according to another embodiment, comprising a stack of layers each comprising a plurality of fluidic units, a fluid distribution network to be filtered positioned at one end of the stack, a filtered fluid collection network and a particle concentrate collection network being positioned at the opposite end of the stack.
- Figure 6 schematically illustrates an enlarged view of the particle concentrate outlet zone of the fluidic filtration network of Figure 2 (a), a fluidic unit (b) and a stack of fluidic units fluidically connected to a network particle concentrate collector and a conduit external to the stack.
- Figure 7A shows a perspective and partially exploded view of a filtration device in which the stack of Figure 5 is arranged in a housing according to one embodiment.
- Figure 7B shows a side view of Figure 7A.
- FIG. 8 Figure 8 schematically illustrates a filtration network according to another embodiment
- FIG. 9A shows a sectional view of a portion of the filtration network of Figure 2, highlighting the interface (11) between the outlet of fluid to be filtered from the positioning channel and the inlet of fluid to be filtered. filter from the particle concentration channel, the interface (12) between the filtered fluid outlet of the concentration channel and the filtered fluid inlet of the filtered fluid collection channel, the interface (13) between the filtered fluid outlet to be filtered from the concentration channel and the fluid inlet to be filtered from the positioning channel, with the presence of notches in the positioning channel, the presence of studs and notches in the particle concentration channel according to a mode of production.
- Fig. 9B shows a sectional view of a portion of the filtration network of Figure 2, highlighting the interface (11) between the outlet of fluid to be filtered from the positioning channel and the inlet of fluid to be filtered. filter from the particle concentration channel, the interface (12) between the filtered fluid outlet of the concentration channel and the filtered fluid inlet of the filtered fluid collection channel, the interface (13) between the filtered fluid outlet
- Figure 9B shows a view of Figure 9A, illustrating the flow of particles influenced by the presence of notches and studs in the concentration channel and the presence of notches in the positioning channel according to one embodiment.
- Fig. 10 shows a view of Figure 9A, illustrating the flow of particles influenced by the presence of notches and studs in the concentration channel and the presence of notches in the positioning channel according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 10 schematically represents the various embodiments of surface modifiers produced on the internal wall of the positioning channel and/or on the internal wall of the particle concentration channel.
- FIG. 11 [0039] [Fig. 11] Figure 11 schematically illustrates the general architecture of a filtration system.
- FIG. 12 Figure 12 schematically illustrates a network of fluidic filtration devices.
- Fig. 13 Figure 12 schematically illustrates a network of fluidic filtration devices.
- FIG. 13 Figure 13 schematically illustrates a process for the fluidic filtration of particles.
- FIG. 14A shows a view of FIG. 9A during the implementation of the step of washing by reversing the flow of filtered fluid by closing the main inlet of fluid to be filtered and by transforming the outlets of filtered fluid from the filtered fluid collection channels into filtered fluid inlets.
- Figure 14B shows a view of the device of Figure 7B during the implementation of the washing step by reversing the flow of filtered fluid.
- the term “particle” designates any rigid or soft solid element which may be a plastic, metallic, mineral or biological particle such as bacteria, human, animal, plant cells, plankton or viruses. . It can be in the form of a substantially spherical element, a fiber or a sheet. The element has a volume of less than 5 mm 3 .
- filtering in particular the term “filtering a fluid of at least one particle”, denotes the treatment making it possible to remove all or part of the particles present in the fluid to be filtered. In other words, the water without particles is removed from the fluid to be filtered from the concentration channels so as to obtain, at the end of the filtration, a concentrate of particles.
- length of a channel designates the size of a channel in the main direction of flow of the fluid.
- width of a channel denotes the maximum size of a channel in a direction transverse to the main direction of flow of the fluid.
- the term "height of a channel” denotes the minimum size of a channel in a direction transverse to the main direction of flow of the fluid.
- particle concentrate designates a volume of liquid containing the particles where the volume of the fluid has been divided by at least 1000 with respect to the initial volume of the fluid.
- filtered fluid denotes a volume of liquid whose particle concentration is lower than the concentration of the concentrate.
- a filtered fluid may be entirely free of particles.
- two-dimensional network designates a network whose set of elements can be distributed in a plane, but in a line. More particularly, the term “two-dimensional network of channels” designates a network of channels in which each channel is distributed in the same plane, whatever the orientation of each channel.
- the microfluidic channels of the network of the present disclosure form at least a two-dimensional network of channels.
- three-dimensional network designates a network whose set of elements can be distributed in space, but not in a plane. More specifically, the term “three-dimensional network of channels” designates a network of channels in which each channel is distributed in space but not in a plane, whatever the orientation of each channel.
- hydrodynamic resistance denotes the ratio between the upstream-downstream pressure difference in a channel or more generally a network of channels or a pipe, and between the volume flow rate of the fluid passing through the channel or more generally the network channels or driving.
- the Peclet number Pe makes it possible to characterize the ratio between the transport of a particle by convection and by diffusion, in a microfluidic channel. It is defined by the following relationship (1):
- L c is the characteristic length of the microfluidic channel
- v the advection velocity of the particle 10. It is considered during the implementation of the filtration device of the present disclosure that the characteristic length is equal to the length of a microfluidic channel in the main direction of fluid flow.
- the fluidic device 1 may comprise four fluidic networks 22, 7, 25, 26 fluidically connected together.
- the inlet 23 of the device 1 is connected to a fluidic fluid distribution network 22.
- the fluidic distribution network 22 is adapted to distribute the fluid to be filtered to the fluidic filtration network 7 whose main inlet of fluid to be filtered 7.1 is fluidically connected to the distribution network 22.
- the fluidic filtration network 7 can be a two-dimensional network of microfluidic channels, as represented in FIG. 2, FIG. 8 or a three-dimensional network of microfluidic channels, as represented in FIG.
- fluidic between the filtered fluid distribution network 22 and the filtration network 7 can be implemented, for example by a plurality of conduits connected to a plurality of inlets of the fluidic filtration network.
- the filtered fluid outlet 7.3 from the fluidic filtration network 7 is connected upstream to the fluidic network for collecting filtered fluid 26.
- the outlet for particle concentrate 7.2 from the fluidic filtration network 7 is connected to the fluidic network for collecting particle concentrate 25
- the fluid connection between the fluid filtration network 7 and the filtered fluid collection network can be implemented, for example, by a plurality of filtered fluid outlets of the filtration network connected to a plurality of network inlets filtered fluid collection.
- the fluid connection between the fluid filtration network 7 and the particle concentrate collection network 25 can be implemented by a plurality of particle concentrate outlets connected to a plurality of inlets of the particle collection network.
- the filtered fluid collection network 26 is connected upstream to the filtered fluid outlet 28.
- the particle collection network 25 is connected upstream to the particle outlet 27.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a top view of a set of channels microfluidics.
- the network comprises a main fluid inlet 7.1 to be filtered, a main particle concentrate outlet 7.2 and a plurality of filtered fluid outlets 7.3.
- the network of microfluidic channels 7 comprises three categories of channels according to their function in the implementation of the filtration of the fluid.
- the network includes a plurality of particle placement channels 4, a plurality of particle concentration channels 5, and a plurality of filtered fluid collection channels 6.
- the particle concentration channels 5 and the filtered fluid collection channels 6 extend along a main direction of fluid flow. More precisely, the particle concentration channels 5 extend along the main direction of fluid flow and are arranged parallel to each other. Each filtered fluid collection channel 6 extends in the extension of a particle concentration channel and is in fluid communication with the particle concentration channel. The length of each filtered fluid collection channel gradually decreasing in the direction of the main fluid inlet 7.1 towards the main particle concentrate outlet 7.2.
- the example of the network shown in Figure 2 here includes nine positioning channels 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, nine particle concentration channels 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8, 5.9 and eight filtered fluid collection channels 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8.
- the number of channels forming the microfluidic network is not limiting.
- the particle concentration channels are successively interconnected fluidically via a positioning channel.
- Each positioning channel comprises a fluid inlet 13E to be filtered and a fluid outlet 13S to be filtered.
- the 13E input and the 13S output are shown only on the first positioning channel 4.1.
- the term “first” designates the rank of the channel with respect to the main fluid inlet to be filtered from the network.
- the inlet 13E of this first positioning channel is connected downstream to the outlet of fluid to be filtered from a duct for distributing fluid to be filtered 2.
- the inlet 13E of this first positioning channel thus also forms the main inlet of fluid to be filtered 7.1 from the network.
- Each concentration channel includes a fluid inlet 14E to be filtered and two outlets, a first filtered fluid outlet 14S.1 and a second particle concentrate outlet 14S.2.
- Each filtered fluid collection channel also includes a filtered fluid inlet 9E and a filtered fluid outlet 9S.
- Each particle concentration channel is connected downstream with respect to the direction of fluid flow to the outlet of the fluid to be filtered from the positioning channel.
- the fluid inlet 14E of the particle concentration channel 5.1 is in fluid communication with the fluid outlet 13S positioning channel 4.1.
- the first filtered fluid outlet 14S.1 of the particle concentration channel 5.1 is in fluid communication with the filtered fluid inlet 9E of the filtered fluid collection channel 6.1.
- the second particle concentrate outlet 14S.2 of the particle concentration channel 5.1 is connected upstream to the fluid inlet to be filtered of the positioning channel referenced 4.2.
- the particles 10 are represented by white dots and flow from the main inlet 7.1 of the network to the main particle concentrate outlet 7.2.
- the fluid to be filtered is filtered by flowing successively through the particle concentration channels which retain the particles. Therefore, the particle concentration increases as the fluid flows through the particle concentration channels.
- the outlet of the last particle concentration channel 5.9 forms the main particle concentrate outlet 7.2 which is connected upstream to the inlet of a particle collecting pipe 3.
- the fluid filtered in output of each filtered fluid collection channel 6 is collected by a filtered fluid collection channel 8.
- Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of a portion of the filtration network of Figure 2. More specifically, the enlarged view only shows the first two positioning channels 4.1, 4.2, the first two particle concentration channels 5.1, 5.2 and the first filtered fluid collection channel 6.1.
- the first positioning channel 4.1 comprises a fluid inlet 13E to be filtered and a fluid outlet 13S to be filtered.
- the first concentration channel 5.1 includes a fluid inlet to be filtered, a filtered fluid outlet 14S.1 and a particle concentrate outlet 14S.2.
- the filtered fluid collection channel 6.1 includes a filtered fluid inlet 9E.
- Output 13S is connected to input 14E, forming an interface 11, materialized by a dotted line, between the first positioning channel 4.1 and the first particle concentration channel 5.1.
- Output 14S.1 is connected to input 9E forming an interface 12 between the first concentration channel and the first filtered fluid collection channel.
- the 14S.2 output is connected to the input of the second positioning channel forming an interface 13 the interface between the first concentration channel and the second positioning channel.
- the concentration channel includes a plurality of surface modifiers present on the wall internal of the channel of concentration.
- the plurality of modifiers includes a first group of modifiers arranged and configured to direct particles flowing in the concentration channel away from the outlet 14S.1 and towards the particle concentrate outlet 14S.2 and a second group of modifiers surface arranged and configured to prevent the passage of particles in the filtered fluid collection channel by forming a passage barrier at the interface 12, as shown in an enlarged view of Figure 2.
- the positioning channel also comprises a plurality of surface modifiers present on the internal wall of the positioning channel. These modifiers are arranged and configured to direct and/or orient the particles towards a position of the concentration channel inlet furthest possible from the filtered fluid outlet, so as to force the particles to move into an area bottom of the concentration channel.
- the control of the distribution of the volume of filtered fluid and of the path of the particles can be achieved by balancing the hydrodynamic resistances carried by the structure of the network, and in particular carried by each of the channels forming the network.
- the hydrodynamic resistance R e N of all the channels forming the network can be defined by the following relationship (2) :
- RCG is the sum of the hydrodynamic resistances of the positioning channel (Rc) and of the particle concentration channel (RG), the positioning channel being the channel preceding the concentration channel with respect to the direction of the flow of the fluid.
- RCG is the sum of the resistances of the positioning channel 4.1 and of the concentration channel 5.1.
- RCG changes depending on the geometry and characteristics of the positioning channels and the concentration as well as the Reynolds number in the channels.
- the parameter a is the ratio between the volume of the particle concentrate Q at the outlet of the particle concentration channel and the volume of the filtered fluid at the outlet of the particle concentration channel Qout.
- i is the resistance carried by the last particle concentration channel carrying the main particle concentrate output. In FIG. 2, the last particle concentration channel which carries the resistance Ri is referenced 5.9.
- the inventors of the present invention have determined from the relationship (2) that when Ri is greater than the largest resistance R CG among the R CGs of the network by a certain factor, the distribution a does not change. regardless of the resistance R CG , in particular when Ri is greater than R CG by a factor of between 5 and 5,000,000, preferably between 500 and 100,000. In the case where the network comprises different R CGs , they have determined that Ri must be greater than the largest resistance R CG . In this way, the resistance R CG is made negligible compared to the resistance Ri in relation (2).
- the filtration network of the present disclosure comprises a balancing structure 11 which extends from the particle concentration channel which carries the resistance Ri.
- this balancing structure extends in the form of a channel from the main concentrate outlet of the particle concentration channel referenced 5.9.
- the balancing structure 11 is connected downstream to the particle concentrate outlet of the particle concentration channel 5.9 and upstream to the particle concentrate collection pipe 3.
- the resistance Ri is thus distributed on the one hand over the channel concentration of particles 5.9 and on the channel forming the balancing structure 11.
- the outlet of the balancing structure 11 forms the main outlet of the particle concentrate 7.2. It is possible to adjust the dimension of this balancing structure in order to be able to define a resistance Ri sufficiently large to make the resistance RCG negligible.
- R is the hydrodynamic resistance of the filtered fluid collection channel, i being an integer between 2 and N. It follows from relation (2) that it is also possible to determine the resistance of each of the filtered fluid collection channels by defining a resistance Ri greater than RCG so that the resistance R, is a function only from the a and Ri distribution . Thus, from these resistances R i , it is therefore possible to establish a balancing of hydrodynamic resistance so as to obtain a stable filtration microfluidic network.
- a radial architecture can be used to arrange a plurality of microfluidic networks around a pipe 2 for distributing fluid to be filtered.
- FIG. 4 it is thus possible to arrange sixteen microfluidic networks 7 of FIG. 2 around the primary channel 12.
- This architecture thus forms a microfluidic unit 30.
- the conduit 2 is fluidically connected to all of the inlets of the networks, thus making it possible to distribute the fluid to be filtered to all of the sixteen networks as shown by the enlarged view of the central zone of the microfluidic unit.
- the filtered fluid collection outlets 9 of the sixteen networks can be fluidically connected together to at least one filtered fluid collection conduit 8.
- the particle concentrate outlets of the networks can be fluidically connected together to at least one concentrate collection conduit of particles 3.
- This radial architecture makes it possible to maximize the surface density occupied by the filtration networks on a layer.
- each layer 31 comprises for example six microfluidic units. You can also stack the layers on top of each other.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a stack 16 of twenty-two layers, each comprising six microfluidic units.
- the distribution ducts 2 of fluid to be filtered pass successively through the layers to distribute the fluid to be filtered to the various networks.
- the particle concentrate 3 and filtered fluid 8 collection conduits successively pass through the layers to respectively collect the particle concentrate from each layer and the filtered fluid from each layer.
- the stack of layers 16 may comprise a network of fluid distribution channels to be filtered 22, a particle concentrate collection network 25 and a filtered fluid collection network 26. These networks may take the form layers of channels positioned at the ends of the stack. Thus, the first layer of the stack forms a network of fluid distribution channels and the last two layers of the stack respectively form a network for collecting filtered fluid and a network for collecting particles.
- the network of distribution channels for the fluid to be filtered makes it possible to connect an inlet conduit for the fluid to be filtered 23 to the distribution conduits 2 passing through the stack.
- the network of particle concentrate collection channels 25 makes it possible to connect a particle concentrate collection conduit 27 to the collection of concentrate 3 passing successively through the stack.
- the network of filtered fluid collection channels 26 makes it possible to connect a filtered fluid collection conduit 28 to the filtered fluid collection channels 8 passing successively through the stack.
- the balancing structure 11 of the hydrodynamic resistances has the function of balancing, or distributing in an optimal manner the hydrodynamic resistances of all the microfluidic channels of the network 7. It is arranged in the extension of the last particle concentration channel with respect to the direction of fluid flow. This last particle concentration channel thus also forms a particle concentrate collection channel, the outlet of which also forms the main outlet of the particle concentrate of the network 7.2. As illustrated by the network example of FIG. 2 and the image (a) of FIG. 6 which represents an enlarged view of this exit zone of the particle concentrate of FIG. 2, the balancing structure 11 s extends from the last particle concentration channel referenced 5.9. In Figure 6, part of this balancing structure is shown as a channel. The hydrodynamic resistance Ri is thus distributed on the one hand over the channel 5.9 and on the other hand over the balancing structure 11.
- the balancing structure comprises a plurality of segments of balancing conduits of different dimensions so as to be able to distribute the hydrodynamic resistance Ri over all of the segments of conduits.
- part of the balancing ducts are advantageously formed by a particle concentrate collection duct 3 connected downstream to the outlet network's main particle concentrate 7.2.
- the hydrodynamic resistance Ri is distributed over the particle concentrate collection channel 5.9 and the particle concentrate collection conduit 3.
- part of the ducts of the balancing structure is also formed by the ducts of the particle concentrate collection network 25 which located at the end of the stack 16.
- the hydrodynamic resistance Ri is distributed over the particle concentrate collection channel 5.9, the particle concentrate collection conduit 3 and the particle concentrate collection network 25.
- part of the ducts of the balancing structure is formed by a duct 29 arranged outside the network.
- the hydrodynamic resistance Ri is in this case distributed over the particle concentrate collection channel 5.9, the particle concentrate collection pipe 3, the particle concentrate collection network 25 and the pipe 29.
- these duct segments may be present and form part of the network 7.
- some of these ducts are in particular formed by the filtered fluid collection duct passing through the stack and/or by the collection duct(s) of filtered fluid from the network 26 located at the end of the stack 16.
- these segments can be formed by pipes arranged outside the network 7, as in the example illustrated in the image (c ) in Figure 6.
- the shape of the section of a positioning channel, a particle concentration channel and a filtered fluid collection channel can be circular, rectangular or any other geometric shape.
- the length of a filtered fluid collection channel can be between 0.01 mm and 100 mm, preferentially between 0.1 mm and 50 mm and preferentially between 1 mm and 20 mm.
- the width of a filtered fluid collection channel can be between 0.1 ⁇ m and 2000 ⁇ m, preferentially between 5 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m and preferentially between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the height of the filtered fluid collection channel can be between 0.1 ⁇ m and 2000 ⁇ m, preferentially between 5 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m and preferentially between 100 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- a microfluidic channel can have several heights.
- the length of a particle concentration channel can be between 10 and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1,000 ⁇ m and preferably between 200 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the width of the particle concentration channel can be between 50 and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferentially between 100 ⁇ m and 5,000 ⁇ m and preferentially between 500 ⁇ m and 1,200 ⁇ m.
- the height of the particle concentration channel can be between 50 and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferentially between 100 ⁇ m and 5,000 ⁇ m and preferentially between 400 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m.
- the length of a positioning channel can be between 10 and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferably between 50 ⁇ m and 1,000 ⁇ m and preferably between 200 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
- the width of the positioning channel can be between 50 ⁇ m and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferentially between 100 ⁇ m and 5,000 ⁇ m and preferentially between 500 ⁇ m and 1,200 ⁇ m. pm.
- the height of the positioning channel can be between 50 and 10,000 ⁇ m, preferentially between 100 ⁇ m and 5,000 ⁇ m and preferentially between 400 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m.
- microfluidic channels can be made of PDMS, PFPE, or any other known material suitable for the microfabrication of microfluidic channels.
- Microfabrication techniques can be printing by UV lithography or 3D printing technologies to produce the patterns.
- the filtration network in the form of a stack 16 of Figure 5 can be positioned inside a box.
- the housing comprises a receptacle 32 in which the stack 16 is positioned and a cap 35 which is intended to close the receptacle 32.
- the cap comprises a connector 33 for distributing fluid to be filtered connected to the pipe from the fluid inlet to filter 23 from the stack.
- the receptacle 32 comprises a filtered fluid outlet connector 34 connected to the filtered fluid collection conduit 28 of the stack 16.
- the receptacle 32 comprises a concentrate outlet connector 35 connected to the outlet of the filtered fluid collection conduit 27 stacking.
- the network of microfluidic channels 100 also comprises three categories of channels according to their function in the implementation of the filtration of the fluid
- the network 100 comprises a plurality of positioning channels 104.1, 104.2, 104.3, 104.4, 104.5, 104.6, 104.7, 104.8 , 104.9, a plurality of particle concentration channels
- the network includes a main fluid inlet 100.1, a main particle concentrate outlet 100.2, and a plurality of filtered fluid outlets 100.3, 100.4.
- the example network shown in Figure 8 here includes nine positioning channels, ten particle concentration channels, and twenty filtered fluid collection channels. The number of channels forming the microfluidic network is not limiting.
- the concentration channels 105 extend along a main direction of fluid flow and arranged one after the other.
- Each of the filtered fluid collection channels 106 extends from a particle concentration channel and is in fluid communication with the particle concentration channel.
- Each positioning channel comprises a fluid inlet to be filtered and a fluid outlet to be filtered.
- input 113E and output 113S are shown only on the first positioning channel 104.1.
- the inlet 113E of this first positioning channel is connected downstream to the outlet of the fluid to be filtered from a distribution duct of fluid to be filtered 102.
- the inlet 113E of this first positioning channel thus forms the main inlet of fluid to be filtered 100.1 of the network.
- Each concentration channel comprises a fluid inlet 114E to be filtered and three outlets, two filtered fluid outlets 114S.1, 114S.2, a third particle concentrate outlet 114S.3.
- Each filtered fluid collection channel also includes a filtered fluid inlet 109E and a filtered fluid outlet 109S.
- Each particle concentration channel is connected downstream with respect to the direction of fluid flow to the fluid to be filtered outlet of the positioning channel.
- fluid inlet 114E of particle concentration channel 105.1 is in fluid communication with fluid outlet 113S of positioning channel 104.1.
- the first filtered fluid outlet 114S.1 of the particle concentration channel 105.1 is in fluid communication with the filtered fluid inlet 109E of the filtered fluid collection channel 106.1.
- the second filtered fluid outlet 114S.2 of the particle concentration channel 105.1 is in fluid communication with the filtered fluid inlet 109E of another filtered fluid collection channel.
- the third particle concentrate outlet 114S.3 of the particle concentration channel is connected upstream to the fluid inlet to be filtered of the next positioning channel referenced 104.2.
- particles 10 are represented by white dots and flow from the main network inlet 100.1 to the main particle concentrate outlet 100.2.
- the fluid to be filtered is filtered by flowing successively through the positioning channels and the particle concentration channels which retain the particles.
- the outlet of the last particle concentration channel 105.10 forms the main particle concentrate outlet 100.2 which is connected upstream to the inlet of a particle collector pipe 103.
- the fluid filtered in Output from each filtered fluid collection channel 106 is collected by two filtered fluid collection channels 108.1, 108.2.
- the network further comprises a structure for stabilizing the hydrodynamic resistances 111 which extends from the last particle concentration channel 105.10.
- This structure 111 is configured in such a way as to counterbalance the hydrodynamic resistances of the microfluidic channels of the network, in other words to make the resistance RCG negligible compared to the resistance Ri.
- the shape of the internal wall of the positioning channel and of the particle concentration channel does not cause the Reynolds number to vary.
- the internal walls of the positioning channels and of the concentration channels are structured and modified in order to increase the filtration efficiency. These modifications were made possible thanks to the presence of the stabilization structure.
- the internal wall of the particle concentration channel may comprise a plurality of surface modifiers which are arranged and configured to direct the particles circulating in the concentration channel away from the outlet of filtered fluid and to deflect them. direct towards the particle concentrate outlet, and to block the passage of the particles in order to prevent them from moving towards the entrance of the filtered fluid collection channels.
- the internal wall of the positioning channel comprises a plurality of modifiers which are arranged and configured to direct the particles towards a desired positioning with respect to the entrance of the particle concentration channel in order to force them to flow in a lower zone of the concentration channel so as to move them away from the filtered fluid inlet of the filtered fluid collection channels.
- These modifiers also allow particles to be aligned with the direction of fluid flow to make it easier to move particles through concentration channels.
- FIG. 9A represents the enlarged view of the filtration network of FIG.
- FIG. 9A the interface between the first positioning channel 4.1 and the first particle concentration channel 5.1 is represented by a dotted line and referenced 11
- the interface between the first concentration channel 5.1 and the first collection channel of filtered fluid 6.1 is represented by a dotted line and referenced 12
- the interface between the first concentration channel 5.1 and the second positioning channel 4.2 is represented by a dotted line and referenced 13.
- the concentration channel includes a plurality of surface modifiers present on the inner wall of the concentration channel.
- the plurality of modifiers includes a first group of modifiers arranged and configured to direct particles flowing in the concentration channel away from the outlet 14S.1 and towards the particle concentrate outlet 14S.2 and a second group of modifiers surface arranged and configured to prevent the passage of particles in the filtered fluid collection channel by forming a passage barrier at the interface 12.
- the positioning channel also comprises a plurality of surface modifiers present on the internal wall of the positioning channel. These modifiers are arranged and configured to direct and orient the particles towards a position of the entrance of the concentration channel so as to generate a flow of particles only in a lower zone of the concentration channel, and thus to move the particles from the filtered fluid outlet of the concentration channel.
- the positioning channel 4.2 comprises surface modifiers in the form, for example, of notches 40 which make it possible to direct the particles in the direction of a position of the entrance to the concentration channel so as to force the particles to move into a lower region of the concentration channel, and to move the particles away from the filtered fluid inlet from the filtered fluid collection channel as illustrated in Figure 9B.
- the particles are therefore guided to move in the lower part of the channel of concentration channel to go towards the exit of concentrate.
- the concentration channel 5.1 comprises a first group of modifiers in the form, for example, of notches 41 whose function is to keep the particles circulating in the concentration channel away from the outlet 14S.1 and to direct them in the direction of the particle concentrate outlet14S.2.
- the channel also includes a second group of modifiers in the form of pads 42 which form a barrier at the interface 12 to prevent particles from heading towards the filtered fluid inlet of the filtered fluid collection channel 6.1 .
- the combination of functions performed by all the modifiers ensures particle-free fluid withdrawal from each concentration channel and the ability to increasingly concentrate the particle concentrate as the fluid flows through concentration channels.
- the shapes of the surface modifiers are not limiting. They may include studs, chevrons, notches, or a combination of these shapes. According to an exemplary embodiment, the studs extend from a surface of the internal wall in the direction of the opposite wall and/or up to the surface of the opposite wall.
- the studs have a height of between 50 and 500 ⁇ m and are spaced apart by a distance of between 10 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the pads may have a height substantially equal to the height of the channel.
- the studs can form a partial height of the channel.
- the notches have a dimension comprised between 10 and 250 ⁇ m and spaced apart by a distance comprised between 10 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the notches can be in the form of a projection 41 from the internal wall of the concentration channel or in the form of a depression 40 from the internal wall of the positioning channel.
- FIG. 10 schematically illustrates the various possible examples of surface modifiers, in the form of studs, notches or chevrons.
- FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the general architecture of a filtration system.
- the system 300 comprises a frame 69, which comprises at least one fluidic filtration device 1.
- the system may comprise downstream of the filtration device 1 an ultrasonic radiation system to determine the nature of the polymer of the particles 49, 51 and an optical system 50 configured to characterize the particles present in the fluid at the outlet of the filtration device 1.
- the filtration system Upstream of the filtration device 1, the filtration system comprises a temperature measurement system 47 which makes it possible to measure the temperature of the fluid, a system of geolocation 48 which makes it possible to locate the filtration device when it is implemented in a natural environment, a system for measuring the pH of the fluid 56, a flow regulator 55 which makes it possible to control the flow rate of the fluid in the filtration and a pressure regulator 57.
- the flow regulator 55 makes it possible to adjust the flow so as to cause a flow of fluid in the filtration system co mtaken between 0.1 L.min 1 and 1 e 8 L.min 1 .
- the pressure regulator 57 can control a fluid flow rate by pressure difference inside the fluidic device. Upstream of the inlet of the fluid to be filtered from the device, the system comprises a prefiltration system of the membrane filter type or centrifugal filter 42 so as to leave only particles having a diameter suitable for being filtered in the filtration device.
- the system comprises a particle treatment system 43 located at the outlet of the filtration device in order to treat the particles with an enzymatic solution for example.
- the system comprises a selector valve 53 at the input and a selector valve 54 at the output.
- the selection valve 53 makes it possible to control the entry of fluid to be filtered 60, the entry of acid/enzymatic solution 61 and the exit of washing 62.
- the selector valve 54 controls the particle outlet 63, the acid/enzyme solution outlet 64, the wash fluid inlet 65, the filtered fluid outlet 66, the acid/enzyme solution outlet 67 and the inlet of the washing fluid 68.
- the two selector valves 53, 54 are adapted to redirect the various fluids upstream and downstream of the fluidic device 1 to allow recirculation of the fluid.
- the system includes a servo system 52 which makes it possible to stop the filtration if necessary.
- the system comprises a control unit which is electrically connected to the flow regulator, to the pressure regulator, to the selection valves.
- the control unit can for example be a computer comprising a microprocessor, a memory and a display unit.
- Data communications between the control unit and the components of the filtration system can be implemented by a wireless data transmission system. The data enables closed-loop control of fluid recirculations in the system.
- a filtration assembly can comprise several fluidic devices 1.
- the different fluidic devices 1 can be arranged in parallel, as illustrated in FIG. 12.
- the assembly can treat a fluid at a flow rate higher than a system comprising a single fluidic device 1.
- different fluidic devices can be connected in series.
- An assembly may for example comprise between two and twenty fluidic devices, preferably between three and ten fluidic devices.
- FIG. 12 schematically illustrates a system comprising eight fluidic devices fluidically connected in parallel.
- a fluid to be filtered comprising particles is introduced at the inlet of the system 36.
- a network of fluidic connections connects the inlet 36 to each of the inlets of the devices 1 .
- the filtered fluid is collected at the outlet of the devices.
- a network of fluidic connectors makes it possible to connect each of the filtered fluid outlets of the devices to the outlet 37.
- the particle concentrate is collected at the outlet of the devices.
- a network of fluidic connectors makes it possible to connect each of the particle concentrate outlets of the devices to the outlet 38.
- the filtration assembly may comprise twenty fluidic devices which are connected together in parallel or in series.
- Each device comprises one thousand fluidic layers which have a diameter of 30 cm which can operate with an inlet pressure of 1 bar and with a flow rate of 1 m 3 /s.
- Each layer comprises sixty fluidic units. Each unit comprising sixteen networks.
- Such fluidic assembly can process a fluid with a flow rate of 100 m 3 /s for a pressure of 10 bars.
- the method 200 for filtering a fluid comprising particles can comprise several steps.
- a fluid is passed through a network of microfluidic channels 7 at a flow rate of the fluid to be filtered.
- the speed of the fluid flow or its flow rate can be controlled by a pressure regulator.
- the flow rate value can be calculated according to the geometry of the different channels of the network and according to the applied pressure.
- a flow of fluid is controlled, the flow rate of the fluid to be filtered being between 1 m 3 /s to 100 m 3 /s.
- the flow rate is chosen so that the Péclet number of the particle in the flow of the fluid traversing the length of said particle concentration channel in the direction of the flow is between 27.10 2 and 25.10 20 .
- a pressure difference of less than 10 bars between the main inlet and the outlets of the device is controlled so as to cause an appropriate flow rate in said filtration device.
- the washing of the microfluidic channels is controlled as described above and illustrated in FIG. 11.
- the washing step 202 can be carried out several times during the process of filtration of a given volume of fluid to be filtered by interrupting the filtration process. This regular washing makes it possible to maintain the filtration quality of the device. It is thus possible to adjust the number of washes according to the volume of fluid to be filtered.
- the fluid to be filtered is recirculated in the filtration device.
- the recirculation can be implemented by causing the fluid to recirculate in the same direction as during the first circulation of the fluid, or in the opposite direction.
- the washing step 202 consists in reversing the direction of the flow in the filtration device. For this, the main fluid inlet to be filtered is closed. The direction of circulation of the flow of fluid circulating in the filtration network is reversed. In other words, the filtered fluid outlets of the channels are transformed into filtered fluid inlets. Thus, all the particles blocked in the concentration channels by the presence of the surface modifiers, for example the pads at the level of the filtered fluid outlet, are unblocked under the effect of the flow of fluid coming from the filtered fluid collection channels .
- FIG. 14A represents an enlarged view of the filtration network of FIG. 2, showing by way of example the first positioning channel 4.1, the first particle concentration channel 5.1, the second particle concentration channel 5.2, the first filtered fluid collection channel 6.1 connected to the filtered fluid outlet 14S.1 of the first concentration channel and the second positioning channel 4.2 connected to the concentrate outlet 14S.2 of the first particle concentration channel.
- the main fluid inlet to be filtered is closed.
- the direction of fluid flow shown in Figure 14A by an arrow is reversed so that the filtered fluid outlet from the filtered fluid collection channel is transformed as part of the washing into the filtered fluid inlet.
- the particles 10 represented by white dots which are trapped in the concentration channel 5.1 by the presence of surface modifiers, for example pads 42, located at the level of the filtered fluid outlet 14S.1 of the particle concentration channel 5.1, at the interface 1.2 between the particle concentration channel 5.1 and the filtered fluid collection channel 6.1, are unblocked and are moved in the direction of the second particle concentration channel 5.2
- FIG. 14B represents an overall view of the box in which a stack of layers 16 is positioned.
- the fluid inlet to be filtered at the level of the connector 33 is closed.
- the direction of the flow is reversed at the filtered fluid outlet connector 34 so as to transform the filtered fluid outlet into a filtered fluid inlet in order to clean all the filtration networks by unblocking the particles trapped at the level of the studs in each of the concentration channels and direct them to the particle contract output.
- the concentration of microparticles in a volume of water in a fluidic concentration device has been implemented.
- the distribution a corresponds to the ratio between the volume of filtered fluid at the outlet of the particle concentration channel and the volume of particle concentrate at the outlet of the particle concentration channel.
- Devices with channel geometries such as RI/RCG ⁇ 100 and RI/RCG > 100 have been defined. In these channels, one or two surface modifiers, in the form of a stud and a notch, were then added.
- RI/RCG ⁇ 100 the variations of the distribution a at each branch fluctuate enormously, presenting a standard deviation of 236%, whereas when RI/RCG > 100, this standard deviation is only 25%.
- concentration channels three pillars 50 microns in diameter, crossing the channel entirely, were placed with a distance of 50 microns between each. Spherical particles larger than 150 microns were correctly routed to the microparticle collection channel at 100%, while particles smaller than 150 microns were only 75% correctly routed.
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EP22735025.3A EP4355490A1 (fr) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-06-13 | Dispositif fluidique de filtration d'un fluide et procédé associé |
US18/569,640 US20240269674A1 (en) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-06-13 | Fluidic device for filtering a fluid, and associated method |
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FR2106269A FR3123810A1 (fr) | 2021-06-14 | 2021-06-14 | Dispositif fluidique de filtration d’un fluide et procédé associé |
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2021
- 2021-06-14 FR FR2106269A patent/FR3123810A1/fr active Pending
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2022
- 2022-06-13 US US18/569,640 patent/US20240269674A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-13 WO PCT/FR2022/051124 patent/WO2022263758A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2022-06-13 EP EP22735025.3A patent/EP4355490A1/fr active Pending
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US20080023399A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2008-01-31 | Inglis David W | Apparatus and method for continuous particle separation |
EP3318328A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-05-09 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Equipement de tri de particules présentes dans un échantillon fluidique |
US20200110020A1 (en) * | 2018-10-03 | 2020-04-09 | Verily Life Sciences Llc | Systems and methods for maintaining constant volumetric flow rates in a fluid channel |
US20200156072A1 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-21 | Bor-Ran LI | Microfluidic chip for sorting sperm and sperm sorting method |
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US20240269674A1 (en) | 2024-08-15 |
EP4355490A1 (fr) | 2024-04-24 |
FR3123810A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 |
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