WO2022263656A1 - Natural garlic extract composition for treatment of processionary caterpillar pests - Google Patents

Natural garlic extract composition for treatment of processionary caterpillar pests Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022263656A1
WO2022263656A1 PCT/EP2022/066610 EP2022066610W WO2022263656A1 WO 2022263656 A1 WO2022263656 A1 WO 2022263656A1 EP 2022066610 W EP2022066610 W EP 2022066610W WO 2022263656 A1 WO2022263656 A1 WO 2022263656A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
oil
total weight
caterpillar
diallyl
extract
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PCT/EP2022/066610
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French (fr)
Inventor
Gijs VORSTMAN
Original Assignee
Natuurlijk Schoon B.V.
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Publication of WO2022263656A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022263656A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04—Insecticides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to a natural composition and method for the treatment of caterpillar pests, more particulary processiffy caterpillar pests, using said natural composition.
  • Thaumetopoeiae Processibly caterpillars
  • Thaumetopoeiae Processibly caterpillars
  • Thaumetopoeiae mainly two Thaumetopoeiae species are of interest as it comes to nuisance for humans and other mammals: Thaumetopoea pityocampa (the pine processducy pine caterpillar), and Thaumetopoea processionea (the oak processducy caterpillar) .
  • the oak processiffy caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea) is the larva of a moth.
  • the caterpillar's stinging hairs may cause nuisance in that the stinging hairs can cause health problems varying from itching and rash to allergic reactions.
  • the brown-tail moth caterpillar (Euproctis chrysorrhoea) mainly exists in various dune regions of the Netherlands where he accidentally landed from Massachusetts in 1897.
  • the caterpillar is found on the sea buckthorn and in addition to hawthorn, blackthorn and fruit trees.
  • the garlic extract herein is simply obtained by crushing garlic cloves and extracting the pulp with a mixture of water/ethanol.
  • the extract is also obtained by extraction from dried crushed and ground garlic cloves in water/methanol.
  • the efficacy of the extract was tested on inoculated plates with p.digitarium and p. Italicum. Also several tests were performed on fruits wound-inoculated with the spores.
  • the extracts were also combined with cooking oil. This publication is concerned with the treatment of crops rather than prevention of nuisance of pests of caterpillars to humans.
  • D3 is directed to the insecticidal properties of garlic. It gives a compilation of the information available on its potency against insect pests. Various ways to obtain the garlic products are described including, intact cloves, grated cloves and its volatiles, steam distillation to form garlic oil or extraction from methanol, peteroleum ether, water, benzene, ether, hexane or acetone, but also synthetic oil is described. None of the literature found in this study concerns the use of pesticide for caterpillars, let alone treatment of venom hair containing-caterpillars.
  • EP 3610727 relates to a biocidal composition
  • a biocidal composition comprising diallylsulfides as a biocidal agent.
  • the composition is characterized by surface active agents.
  • the biocidal composition comprises at least one allyl sulfide, a polar diluent, surface active agents, a C4-C9 alkanol, at least one non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value between 9.5 and 17, and at least one anionic surfactant.
  • the described biocidal compositions are effective in treatment of crops against mites, lepidopterous larvae, and thrips. In the description it is indicated that the composition is effective against different lepidopterous species affecting horticultural crops. This publication is concerned with the treatment of crops rather than prevention of nuisance of pests of caterpillars to humans.
  • GB 2413494 is directed to a composition for the control of slugs or butterfly and moth larvae comprises a mixture of salicylaldehyde and a suitable surfactant.
  • the same composition together with garlic extract may also be used to control earthworms.
  • the composition may be applied as a mixture or dispersion in water.
  • the composition of D5 is used for controlling pests in agricultural fields.
  • the pests may concern slugs, caterpillars and worms.
  • This publication is concerned with the treatment of crops rather than prevention of nuisance of pests of caterpillars to humans.
  • NL 1043323 is directed to the treatment of pests of processiffy caterpillars and the mitigation of the nuisance of its venom-containing hairs. It describes a composition comprising 50-70 wt% citric acid, 20-30 wt% acetic acid and gum (guar gom, xantane gum or locust bean gum).
  • Garlic extract may optionally be added to the composition as an additive.
  • the gum is added as a thickener.
  • the garlic extract when present is present in an amount of 3-10 wt%. In the example 5 wt% is used.
  • EP 0945066 is directed to a composition comprising garlic extract and essential oil.
  • the garlic extract can be obtained by blending and mixing garlic cloves with water, oil or organic solvents. The mixture is then filtered to obtain garlic extract.
  • the composition is used to treat plants for mildew, white fly, red spider mites and some fungi spores.
  • composition of D7 is used to protect crops rather than mitigating the nuisance of venom-containing caterpillars for humans and pets.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a natural composition suitable for use as a biocide comprising garlic extract and a vegetable oil containing carrier.
  • the garlic extract may be present in an amount of between 0.01 to 5 % (w/w) based on the total weight of the composition .
  • Garlic extracts that combinedly comprise at least 50 % ( w/w) of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are suitable for use.
  • garlic extracts are used which comprise at least 75%, or more preferably at least 85 % , or most preferably at least 98%, of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing components, based on the total weight of the extract.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 20 % (w/w) diallyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 16 % (w/w) diallyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 14 % (w/w) allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 4 % (w/w) allyl methyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • diallyl sulfide Preferably in addition to the diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide, also diallyl sulfide is present, preferably in an amount of at least 1.5 %( w/w), , based on the total weight of the extract.
  • garlic extracts that comprise:
  • the vegetable oil containing carrier may comprise rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, linseed oil, or a combination hereof.
  • the composition comprises a vegetable oil- containing carrier, which comprises soft soap, preferably up to 1 % w/w based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the vegetable oil containing carrier is chosen so that it is sprayable, but has a viscosity and adherence that is sufficient to remain adhered to the nest.
  • a option is to increase the temperature of the natural composition prior to spraying and have it cool and thicken after being sprayed on the nest.
  • the natural composition also comprises a small amount of natural soap.
  • up to 1 % w/w natural soap may be present based on the total weight of the natural composition.
  • the disclosure further pertains to a method for treating caterpillar pests, by a natural composition according to the present disclosure is sprayed on the caterpillar nest.
  • the disclosure is further directed to the use of the natural composition according to the disclosure for treatment of caterpillar pests, preferably venom hair-containing caterpillars, more preferably processducy caterpillar pests such as oak processducy caterpillar pests and pine processiffy caterpillar pests.
  • caterpillar pests preferably venom hair-containing caterpillars, more preferably processducy caterpillar pests such as oak processducy caterpillar pests and pine processiffy caterpillar pests.
  • the present disclosure is directed to a natural composition suitable for use as a pesticide comprising garlic extract and a vegetable oil containing carrier.
  • the garlic extract may be present in an amount of between 0.01 to 2 % (w/w) based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Garlic extracts that combinedly comprise at least 50 % ( w/w) of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are suitable for use.
  • garlic extracts are used which comprise at least 75%, or more preferably at least 85 %, or most preferably at least 98%, of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing components, based on the total weight of the extract.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 20 % (w/w) diallyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 16 % (w/w) diallyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 14 % (w/w) allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • the garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 4 % (w/w) allyl methyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
  • diallyl sulfide Preferably in addition to the diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide, also diallyl sulfide is present, preferably in an amount of at least 1.5 %( w/w), , based on the total weight of the extract.
  • garlic extracts that comprise:
  • garlic extract refers to a composition that has been obtained by either distillation or extraction from garlic.
  • the techniques for creating garlic extraction by steam distillation or extraction are known in the art and need no further elucidation here
  • Distillation preferably is conducted using steam distillation, or hydrodistillation. With these methods extracts can be obtained with sufficient combined percentage of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, and allyl methyl trisulfide to guarantee the activity of the natural composition.
  • the garlic extract may also contain extracts from other allium species such as onions.
  • Other allium species also comprise diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, and allyl methyl trisulfide which are considered the active ingredients of the natural composition.
  • These extracts from other allium species may also be obtained by extraction of distillation.
  • both the garlic and other allium species are distilled simultaneously. In general the extracts form garlic are considered to have a more agreeable odor than for instance onions. Therefore, garlic extract that originates from solely garlic is preferred.
  • the active ingredients will paralyze the nerve system of the caterpillar and subsequently cause heart failure and death of the caterpillar.
  • the active ingredients of allium species are part of its natural defense mechanism. Upon attack by an insect the active ingredients exposed will deter the insect.
  • the composition contains no ingredients that render the composition non- compostable or non-degradable. This for instance, implicates that no non-degradable solvents are used in the preparation of the garlic extract. Preferably only techniques are used wherein no additional solvents are necessary.
  • the vegetable oil containing carrier may comprise rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, linseed oil, or a combination hereof.
  • the carrier serves as a vehicle to formulate the garlic extract. In addition to that, the carrier will spread on the nest as a coating and prevents the stinging hairs of the caterpillar of being blown in the air after treatment, still causing nuisance to by-passers.
  • the vegetable oil containing carrier is chosen so that it is sprayable, but solidifies at ambient temperature.
  • One option is to increase the temperature of the natural composition prior to spraying and have it cool and solidify after being sprayed on the nest.
  • the temperature of the natural composition may be increased to a temperature of between 25 and 50 degrees celcius, preferaby between 30-45 °C, most preferably to 35-40 °C.
  • a natural composition with a temperature approximately equal to the ambient temperature outdoors is suitable.
  • the carrier should be chosen that it has the proper viscosity for spraying and preferably such a viscosity that it forms an adherent coating on the nest after application. It was found that rapeseed oil and palm oil are very suitable carrier material with respect to their melting points and viscosity properties.
  • the composition of the vegetable-oil carrier material may easily be adjusted by the person skilled in the art to the desired properties depending on the weather conditions.
  • additives may be added to improve the physical properties of the carrier material and, thus the resulting natural composition, as long as these additives do not interfere with the decompostable and degradable nature of the composition.
  • suitable additives are emulsifyers, surfactants, organic solvents, and anti oxidants.
  • the additive may be present in an amount ranging from 0 to 5 % w/w, based on the total weight of the natural composition.
  • a preferred additive that may be present in the vegetable oil containing carrier is soft soap.
  • Soft soap does not diminish the decomposable nature of the composition, but at the same time is thought to increase the accessibility of the garlic extract into the caterpillar's pores.
  • the composition preferably comprises up to 1 % w/w of soft soap, based on the total weight of the composition.
  • Any additive may be added to the vegetable oil- containing carrier in any order of addition. Any additive may also be added to the combined composition of vegetable oil and garlic extract.
  • the disclosure further pertains to a method for treating processiffy caterpillar pests.
  • a natural composition according to the present disclosure is sprayed or poured on the caterpillar nest.
  • the caterpillar present will be killed, while the composition forms a coating on the nest so as stick the stinging hairs onto the coating.
  • the nest may be physically removed.
  • it is also possible to leave the treated nest since we have found that the treated nest may suitable serve as feed and housing for insect and birds.
  • the disclosure is further directed to the use of the natural composition according to the disclosure for treatment of caterpillar pests, preferably processiffy caterpillar pests such as oak processducy caterpillar pests and pine processiffy caterpillar pests. It was found that the natural composition is also effective for other processiffy caterpillars such as the brown-tail moth caterpillar.
  • caterpillar pests preferably processiffy caterpillar pests such as oak processducy caterpillar pests and pine processiffy caterpillar pests. It was found that the natural composition is also effective for other processiffy caterpillars such as the brown-tail moth caterpillar.
  • Natural composition according to the invention was prepared by combining garlic extract, obtained from steam distillation of garlic, rapeseed oil and 0.5wt% soft soap to form a composition comprising 0.5 garlic extract, 99 % vegetable oil, and 0.5 % soft soap
  • nests were treated that were present in 5 oak trees.
  • the average size of the nests was about 25x25cm.
  • Each nest was sprayed with approx. 200-250 milliliters of natural composition. Depending on the size of the nest, more or less spraying is done until the entire nest was covered. Since the substance consists of 99% vegetable oil, it is easily discernible when the entire nest is covered .
  • the natural composition was tested on a larger scale. Now 23 trees were involved with 40 caterpillar nests.
  • Each nest was sprayed with approx. 200-250 milliliters of natural composition. Depending on the size of the nest, more or less spraying was done until the entire nest was covered. Since the substance consisted of 99% vegetable oil, it was easily discernible when the entire nest was covered.

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Abstract

The present disclosure is directed to a natural composition comprising garlic extract and a vegetable oil-containing carrier. Said natural composition may be used as pesticide against caterpillar pests, more particularly processionary caterpillar pests such as oak processionary caterpillar pests and pine processionary caterpillar pests.

Description

NATURAL GARLIC EXTRACT COMPOSITION FOR TREATMENT OF PROCESSIONARY CATERPILLAR PESTS
FIELD
The present disclosure is directed to a natural composition and method for the treatment of caterpillar pests, more particulary processionary caterpillar pests, using said natural composition.
BACKGROUND
Processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoeiae) have become more and more of a pest over the past years. Due to climate change these types of caterpillars have spread from originally the south of Europe to Northen Europe. In Europe, mainly two Thaumetopoeiae species are of interest as it comes to nuisance for humans and other mammals: Thaumetopoea pityocampa (the pine processionary pine caterpillar), and Thaumetopoea processionea (the oak processionary caterpillar) .
The oak processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea processionea) is the larva of a moth. The caterpillar's stinging hairs may cause nuisance in that the stinging hairs can cause health problems varying from itching and rash to allergic reactions.
In addition to the oak processionary caterpillar, there is also nuisance in several other countries from the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). This caterpillar species is mainly found in Southern Europe, Central Europe and North Africa. Beside the fact that it is responsible for most of the defoliation of southern Europe, contact with the pine processionary caterpillar'' s stinging hairs give the same reaction as contact with the stinging hairs of the oak processionary caterpillar. In recent years, the pine processionary caterpillar has advanced further north to the north of France and Germany.
The brown-tail moth caterpillar (Euproctis chrysorrhoea) mainly exists in various dune regions of the Netherlands where he accidentally landed from Massachusetts in 1897. The caterpillar is found on the sea buckthorn and in addition to hawthorn, blackthorn and fruit trees.
Exposure to these stinging hairs of the hybrid satin caterpillar creates a similar reaction to the stinging hairs of the oak processionary caterpillar.
As with the processionary caterpillars, these stinging hairs retain irritant effect for years.
Several other known caterpillars have venom in their hairs, that may create nuisance for humans and other mammals.
Several treatments have been proposed to combat the caterpillars pests, but most of them have proven either inefficient, not selective enough and/or detrimental to the environment . The fact that the stinging hairs remain irritant for years enhances the problems encountered when fighting caterpillars pests. For instance, when manually removing the nests by for instance vacuum sucking and subsequently incinerating the nests, the stinging hairs tend to spread through the air. It also poses health hazards for operators removing the nests. Another approach is to provide caterpillars with nematodes that penetrate the caterpillars which kills them. The problem here is that the nematodes are not selective and also other types of caterpillars are killed, impoverishing biodiversity. With the natural composition according to the present invention caterpillar pests such as processionary caterpillar pests, can be treated effectively and selectively without posing hazards to humans and animals such as operators treating the pests or by-passers, or the environment.
In Obagwu J. ET AL: "Control of citrus green and blue molds with garlic extracts ",European Journal of Plant Pathology, part 109, nr. 3, 31 March 2003, pp. 221-225, is directed to the treatment of citrus fruits with water and ethanol extracts of garlic to control citrus green and blue molds.
The garlic extract herein is simply obtained by crushing garlic cloves and extracting the pulp with a mixture of water/ethanol. The extract is also obtained by extraction from dried crushed and ground garlic cloves in water/methanol. The efficacy of the extract was tested on inoculated plates with p.digitarium and p. Italicum. Also several tests were performed on fruits wound-inoculated with the spores. The extracts were also combined with cooking oil. This publication is concerned with the treatment of crops rather than prevention of nuisance of pests of caterpillars to humans.
Reena singh et al: "insecticidal properties of garlic, allium sativum - a review",journal of medicinal and aromatic plant sciences,unknown, in, part 25, nr. 4, 1 December 2003, pp.
1024-1038, D3 is directed to the insecticidal properties of garlic. It gives a compilation of the information available on its potency against insect pests. Various ways to obtain the garlic products are described including, intact cloves, grated cloves and its volatiles, steam distillation to form garlic oil or extraction from methanol, peteroleum ether, water, benzene, ether, hexane or acetone, but also synthetic oil is described. None of the literature found in this study concerns the use of pesticide for caterpillars, let alone treatment of venom hair containing-caterpillars.
EP 3610727 relates to a biocidal composition comprising diallylsulfides as a biocidal agent. The composition is characterized by surface active agents. The biocidal composition comprises at least one allyl sulfide, a polar diluent, surface active agents, a C4-C9 alkanol, at least one non-ionic surfactant with an HLB value between 9.5 and 17, and at least one anionic surfactant. The described biocidal compositions are effective in treatment of crops against mites, lepidopterous larvae, and thrips. In the description it is indicated that the composition is effective against different lepidopterous species affecting horticultural crops. This publication is concerned with the treatment of crops rather than prevention of nuisance of pests of caterpillars to humans.
GB 2413494 is directed to a composition for the control of slugs or butterfly and moth larvae comprises a mixture of salicylaldehyde and a suitable surfactant. The same composition together with garlic extract may also be used to control earthworms. The composition may be applied as a mixture or dispersion in water.
The composition of D5 is used for controlling pests in agricultural fields. The pests may concern slugs, caterpillars and worms. This publication is concerned with the treatment of crops rather than prevention of nuisance of pests of caterpillars to humans. NL 1043323 is directed to the treatment of pests of processionary caterpillars and the mitigation of the nuisance of its venom-containing hairs. It describes a composition comprising 50-70 wt% citric acid, 20-30 wt% acetic acid and gum (guar gom, xantane gum or locust bean gum). Garlic extract may optionally be added to the composition as an additive. The gum is added as a thickener. The garlic extract when present is present in an amount of 3-10 wt%. In the example 5 wt% is used.
EP 0945066 is directed to a composition comprising garlic extract and essential oil. The garlic extract can be obtained by blending and mixing garlic cloves with water, oil or organic solvents. The mixture is then filtered to obtain garlic extract. The composition is used to treat plants for mildew, white fly, red spider mites and some fungi spores.
The composition of D7 is used to protect crops rather than mitigating the nuisance of venom-containing caterpillars for humans and pets.
SUMMARY
To this end the present disclosure is directed to a natural composition suitable for use as a biocide comprising garlic extract and a vegetable oil containing carrier.
The garlic extract may be present in an amount of between 0.01 to 5 % (w/w) based on the total weight of the composition .
Garlic extracts that combinedly comprise at least 50 % ( w/w) of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are suitable for use. Preferably garlic extracts are used which comprise at least 75%, or more preferably at least 85 %, or most preferably at least 98%, of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing components, based on the total weight of the extract.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 20 % (w/w) diallyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 16 % (w/w) diallyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 14 % (w/w) allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 4 % (w/w) allyl methyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
Preferably in addition to the diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide, also diallyl sulfide is present, preferably in an amount of at least 1.5 %( w/w), , based on the total weight of the extract.
Especially preferred are garlic extracts that comprise:
1.9-9.5 % diallyl sulfide, - 20.8-27.9% diallyl disulfide,
16.8-33.4% diallyl trisulfide,
4.4-8.3% allyl methyl disulfide 14.5-19.2% allyl methyl trisulfide, all based on the total weight of the extract.
The vegetable oil containing carrier may comprise rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, linseed oil, or a combination hereof.
In one embodiment the composition comprises a vegetable oil- containing carrier, which comprises soft soap, preferably up to 1 % w/w based on the total weight of the composition.
In one embodiment the vegetable oil containing carrier is chosen so that it is sprayable, but has a viscosity and adherence that is sufficient to remain adhered to the nest. A option is to increase the temperature of the natural composition prior to spraying and have it cool and thicken after being sprayed on the nest.
Optionally the natural composition also comprises a small amount of natural soap. In the natural composition up to 1 % w/w natural soap may be present based on the total weight of the natural composition.
The disclosure further pertains to a method for treating caterpillar pests, by a natural composition according to the present disclosure is sprayed on the caterpillar nest.
The disclosure is further directed to the use of the natural composition according to the disclosure for treatment of caterpillar pests, preferably venom hair-containing caterpillars, more preferably processionary caterpillar pests such as oak processionary caterpillar pests and pine processionary caterpillar pests.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure is directed to a natural composition suitable for use as a pesticide comprising garlic extract and a vegetable oil containing carrier.
The garlic extract may be present in an amount of between 0.01 to 2 % (w/w) based on the total weight of the composition.
Garlic extracts that combinedly comprise at least 50 % ( w/w) of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are suitable for use. Preferably garlic extracts are used which comprise at least 75%, or more preferably at least 85 %, or most preferably at least 98%, of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing components, based on the total weight of the extract.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 20 % (w/w) diallyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 16 % (w/w) diallyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 14 % (w/w) allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective. The garlic extracts with the suitable percentage of the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compounds that comprise at least 4 % (w/w) allyl methyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract, are considered effective.
Preferably in addition to the diallyl sulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide, also diallyl sulfide is present, preferably in an amount of at least 1.5 %( w/w), , based on the total weight of the extract.
Especially preferred are garlic extracts that comprise:
1.9-9.5 % diallyl sulfide,
- 20.8-27.9% diallyl disulfide,
16.8-33.4% diallyl trisulfide,
4.4-8.3% allyl methyl disulfide 14.5-19.2% allyl methyl trisulfide, all based on the total weight of the extract.
Within the context of the present description the term garlic extract refers to a composition that has been obtained by either distillation or extraction from garlic. The techniques for creating garlic extraction by steam distillation or extraction are known in the art and need no further elucidation here
Distillation preferably is conducted using steam distillation, or hydrodistillation. With these methods extracts can be obtained with sufficient combined percentage of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, and allyl methyl trisulfide to guarantee the activity of the natural composition. Beside garlic, the garlic extract may also contain extracts from other allium species such as onions. Other allium species also comprise diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, and allyl methyl trisulfide which are considered the active ingredients of the natural composition. These extracts from other allium species may also be obtained by extraction of distillation. Optionally, both the garlic and other allium species are distilled simultaneously. In general the extracts form garlic are considered to have a more agreeable odor than for instance onions. Therefore, garlic extract that originates from solely garlic is preferred.
Not wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that the active ingredients will paralyze the nerve system of the caterpillar and subsequently cause heart failure and death of the caterpillar. The active ingredients of allium species are part of its natural defense mechanism. Upon attack by an insect the active ingredients exposed will deter the insect. With the term "natural" is meant that the composition contains no ingredients that render the composition non- compostable or non-degradable. This for instance, implicates that no non-degradable solvents are used in the preparation of the garlic extract. Preferably only techniques are used wherein no additional solvents are necessary.
The vegetable oil containing carrier may comprise rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, linseed oil, or a combination hereof. The carrier serves as a vehicle to formulate the garlic extract. In addition to that, the carrier will spread on the nest as a coating and prevents the stinging hairs of the caterpillar of being blown in the air after treatment, still causing nuisance to by-passers.
In one embodiment the vegetable oil containing carrier is chosen so that it is sprayable, but solidifies at ambient temperature. One option is to increase the temperature of the natural composition prior to spraying and have it cool and solidify after being sprayed on the nest. The temperature of the natural composition may be increased to a temperature of between 25 and 50 degrees celcius, preferaby between 30-45 °C, most preferably to 35-40 °C. In general, a natural composition with a temperature approximately equal to the ambient temperature outdoors is suitable. It goes without saying that the carrier should be chosen that it has the proper viscosity for spraying and preferably such a viscosity that it forms an adherent coating on the nest after application. It was found that rapeseed oil and palm oil are very suitable carrier material with respect to their melting points and viscosity properties. The composition of the vegetable-oil carrier material may easily be adjusted by the person skilled in the art to the desired properties depending on the weather conditions.
Further, additives may be added to improve the physical properties of the carrier material and, thus the resulting natural composition, as long as these additives do not interfere with the decompostable and degradable nature of the composition. Examples of suitable additives are emulsifyers, surfactants, organic solvents, and anti oxidants. Depending on the type of additive the additive may be present in an amount ranging from 0 to 5 % w/w, based on the total weight of the natural composition.
A preferred additive that may be present in the vegetable oil containing carrier, is soft soap. Soft soap does not diminish the decomposable nature of the composition, but at the same time is thought to increase the accessibility of the garlic extract into the caterpillar's pores. The composition preferably comprises up to 1 % w/w of soft soap, based on the total weight of the composition.
Any additive may be added to the vegetable oil- containing carrier in any order of addition. Any additive may also be added to the combined composition of vegetable oil and garlic extract.
The disclosure further pertains to a method for treating processionary caterpillar pests. Herein a natural composition according to the present disclosure is sprayed or poured on the caterpillar nest. As explained above, the caterpillar present will be killed, while the composition forms a coating on the nest so as stick the stinging hairs onto the coating. After treatment and optionally hardening, the nest may be physically removed. However it is also possible to leave the treated nest, since we have found that the treated nest may suitable serve as feed and housing for insect and birds.
This had advantages because it restores the natural balance and increased biodiversity.
As mentioned-above, it is preferred to use a carrier material that forms a non-dripping coating.
The disclosure is further directed to the use of the natural composition according to the disclosure for treatment of caterpillar pests, preferably processionary caterpillar pests such as oak processionary caterpillar pests and pine processionary caterpillar pests. It was found that the natural composition is also effective for other processionary caterpillars such as the brown-tail moth caterpillar.
The present disclosure is further illustrated by means of the following examples which merely serve for illustrative purposes and may not be construed as limitative.
EXAMPLES Example 1
Natural composition according to the invention was prepared by combining garlic extract, obtained from steam distillation of garlic, rapeseed oil and 0.5wt% soft soap to form a composition comprising 0.5 garlic extract, 99 % vegetable oil, and 0.5 % soft soap
In a regional forest 13 nests were treated that were present in 5 oak trees. The average size of the nests was about 25x25cm. Each nest was sprayed with approx. 200-250 milliliters of natural composition. Depending on the size of the nest, more or less spraying is done until the entire nest was covered. Since the substance consists of 99% vegetable oil, it is easily discernible when the entire nest is covered .
Immediately after application of the natural composition, a pleasant garlic odor was present that could be detected up to about 25 meters away by by-passers. This odor intensity decreased by the hour and after about 6-8 hours the odor was only perceptible in the immediate vicinity (about 2 meters).
After two days the nest were checked and showed no sign of life. The nests were well "encapsulated" by the oil, and no loose hair could be detected. The garlic odor was vanished. After 6 days including heavy rains, the nest were still in tact as incapsulated nests, still gave no sign of life.
The natural composition according to the invention was found to be effective against the caterpillars while the spread if the hairs could be avoided. Example 2
The natural composition was tested on a larger scale. Now 23 trees were involved with 40 caterpillar nests.
Each nest was sprayed with approx. 200-250 milliliters of natural composition. Depending on the size of the nest, more or less spraying was done until the entire nest was covered. Since the substance consisted of 99% vegetable oil, it was easily discernible when the entire nest was covered.
After two days the nest were checked and showed no sign of life. The nests were well "encapsulated" by the oil, and no loose hair could be detected. The garlic odor was vanished. After 4 days, the nest were still intact as incapsulated nests, still gave no sign of life.
After two weeks the nest still did not show any sign of life. It was decided to leave the nests. After a month the nests appear to decay and several seemed to be eaten by birds. According to regional environmental services no additional bird mortality occurred.
These results show that the natural composition according to the invention not only is effective against processionary caterpillar pests, but only provides a natural solution that poses no hazards to humans and animals such as operators treating the pests or by-passers, or the environment.

Claims

Claims
1. Natural composition suitable for use as pesticide for caterpillars, comprising garlic extract, a vegetable oil- containing carrier, wherein the garlic extract according to claim 1 is present in an amount of between 0.01 to 5 % (w/w) based on the total weight of the composition, and combinedly comprises at least 50 % ( w/w) of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract.
2. Garlic extract according to claim 3 which comprises at least 75%, preferably at least 85 %, or most preferably at least 98%, of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract.
3. Garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises at least 20 % (w/w) diallyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract.
4. Garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises at least 16 % (w/w) diallyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract.
5. Garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises at least 14 % (w/w) allyl methyl trisulfide, based on the total weight of the extract.
6. The garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises at least 4 % (w/w) allyl methyl disulfide, based on the total weight of the extract.
7. Garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims which comprises:
1.9-9.5 % diallyl sulfide,
- 20.8-27.9% diallyl disulfide,
16.8-33.4% diallyl trisulfide,
4.4-8.3% allyl methyl disulfide 14.5-19.2% allyl methyl trisulfide, all based on the total weight of the extract.
8. Garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the vegetable oil-containing carrier comprises rapeseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, linseed oil, or a combination hereof.
9. Garlic extract according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the vegetable oil-containing carrier comprises soft soap, preferably up to 1 % w/w soft soap, based on the total weight of the composition.
10. Method for treating caterpillar pests, wherein a natural composition comprising a garlic extract and a vegetable-oil carrier is sprayed or poured on the caterpillar nest.
11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the vegetable oil-containing carrier comprises soft soap, preferably up to 1% w/w based on the total weight of the composition.
12. Method according to claim 12, wherein the caterpillar is a venom hair-containing caterpillar, preferably a processionary caterpillar, more preferably an oak processionary caterpillar. 13. Use of the natural composition according to any one of the preceding claims 1-11 for treatment of caterpillar pests, preferably processionary caterpillar pests, more preferably oak processionary caterpillar pests.
PCT/EP2022/066610 2021-06-17 2022-06-17 Natural garlic extract composition for treatment of processionary caterpillar pests WO2022263656A1 (en)

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Citations (4)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0945066A1 (en) 1998-03-26 1999-09-29 Safergro Laboratories, Inc. Natural pesticide containing garlic
GB2413494A (en) 2004-04-26 2005-11-02 Yoram Tsivion Pest control agent
EP3610727A1 (en) 2017-03-01 2020-02-19 Seipasa S.A. Biocide composition
NL1043323B1 (en) 2019-07-04 2021-02-02 Hartman Heidbuurt Beheer Pesticide against caterpillars, in particular procession caterpillars

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