WO2022262572A1 - 一种防水卷材及其制备方法与施工方法和隧道防水系统 - Google Patents

一种防水卷材及其制备方法与施工方法和隧道防水系统 Download PDF

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WO2022262572A1
WO2022262572A1 PCT/CN2022/096283 CN2022096283W WO2022262572A1 WO 2022262572 A1 WO2022262572 A1 WO 2022262572A1 CN 2022096283 W CN2022096283 W CN 2022096283W WO 2022262572 A1 WO2022262572 A1 WO 2022262572A1
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layer
coiled material
weight
adhesive
waterproof coiled
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PCT/CN2022/096283
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
熊玉钦
王超群
陈楠
李凯
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北京东方雨虹防水技术股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022262572A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022262572A1/zh
Priority to US18/542,283 priority Critical patent/US20240117134A1/en

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    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
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    • C09D125/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
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    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
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Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of waterproofing, and in particular relates to a waterproof coiled material, a preparation method and a construction method of the waterproof coiled material, and a tunnel waterproofing system.
  • the method of setting a waterproof layer between the shotcrete layer and the secondary lining is generally used to solve the waterproof problem of the composite lining.
  • the waterproof layer constructed usually adopts PVC, EVA, ECB, LDPE and other waterproof boards. These traditional flashings have a smooth surface and cannot form an effective bite with the secondary lined concrete. Once the waterproof membrane is damaged or the welding is not firm, there will be a phenomenon of "water channeling" between the waterproof layer and the second lining concrete, and then enter the tunnel through concrete cracks and gaps.
  • the gasket anchor welding method is the main method, and the welding methods are divided into hot air welding, ultrasonic welding and electromagnetic welding.
  • the current construction technology it is necessary to weld from the back to fix the coil. Due to the large size of the coil, for the tunnel vault, the construction process of welding from the back of the coil is very complicated and time-consuming, and the technical requirements for the operators are also high.
  • Electromagnetic welding can be operated on the front of the coil to achieve welding with the gasket, which is more convenient for workers to operate.
  • the front operation requires the waterproof board to be transparent or translucent, so that the position of the gasket can be accurately found through the material.
  • the existing commercially available pre-laid polymer self-adhesive film rolls are all light-colored or even white, which do not meet the operating requirements. Especially when the existing whiteness value is greater than 65%, it is simply impossible to see the spacer under tunnel light conditions.
  • the pre-paved waterproof materials reported in relevant literature or patents do not mention light transmittance and visibility, and the focus is on how the anti-adhesion layer can achieve isolation, reflection, and anti-adhesion with the post-cast concrete.
  • the inventor of the present invention found that the pre-laid anti-adhesive polymer self-adhesive film waterproof coiled material replaces the traditional waterproof board, which can effectively solve the problem of "water channeling" between the waterproof layer and the second lining concrete. "question. It is further designed as a coil with a certain degree of transparency, through which the gasket can be positioned accurately, and the sheet and the gasket are hot-melt welded by electromagnetic welding, thereby solving the problem of fixing the front construction. Based on this, the present invention has been accomplished.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and provide a visual waterproof membrane, that is, the light can pass through the see-through gasket of the membrane. Isowarm color spacers have good visibility.
  • the present invention provides a waterproof roll material, which includes a resin sheet layer, a non-bitumen-based polymer self-adhesive layer and an interface bonding layer arranged in sequence, wherein the waterproof roll material
  • the light transmittance is ⁇ 45%, preferably 60-70%; the thickness of the resin sheet layer is 0.2-2.0mm, and the light transmittance is ⁇ 55%.
  • the light transmittance of the coil in the preferred range can achieve the best performance and convenient construction.
  • each layer preferably satisfies the following conditions, the thickness of the resin sheet layer is 0.5-1.5 mm, and the light transmittance is ⁇ 70%.
  • the thickness of the non-bitumen-based polymer self-adhesive adhesive layer is 0.1-1.0mm, preferably 0.15-0.5mm, and its light transmittance is ⁇ 80%, such as 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%. , 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, preferably ⁇ 90%, for example 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%.
  • the coating weight of the interface bonding layer is 20-150g/m 2 , and its light transmittance is ⁇ 55%.
  • the above thicknesses are preferred, and on the premise of satisfying the overall light transmittance, those skilled in the art can adjust the thicknesses of related components according to application requirements.
  • the resin sheet layer is made of a polyolefin resin composition, and based on the total weight of the polyolefin resin composition, the polyolefin resin composition includes the following components: 0.05-2% by weight Light stabilizer, 0.2-5% by weight antioxidant, 0.05-2% by weight UV absorber and 95-99.7% by weight polyolefin resin; more preferably, based on the total weight of the polyolefin resin composition,
  • the polyolefin resin composition comprises the following components: 0.1-1% by weight of light stabilizer, 0.2-3% by weight of antioxidant, 0.5-1% by weight of ultraviolet absorber and 95-99.2% by weight of polyolefin resin.
  • the selection of the polyolefin resin is relatively broad, which can be polyethylene, vinyl copolymer, polypropylene, propylene-based copolymer, poly-1-butene, poly-4-methyl-1-pentene, cycloolefin polymer At least one of the compounds; the vinyl copolymer is preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid or acrylate copolymer.
  • the polyolefin resin is polyethylene; preferably a mixture of linear low-density polyethylene resin and medium-high density polyethylene resin, based on the total weight of polyolefin resin, linear low-density polyethylene resin
  • the content of the resin is 35-75% by weight, and the content of the medium and high density polyethylene resin is 25-65% by weight.
  • the linear low density polyethylene resin has a density of 0.915-0.935g/cm 3 , preferably a density of 0.920-0.935g/cm 3 ; a melt index I 2.16 of 0.1-8g/10min, preferably a melt index I 2.16 is 0.2-3g/10min.
  • the aforementioned linear low-density polyethylene resins are commercially available, for example, brand name: LLDPE-7042 (Qilu), brand name: Dowlex 2045G.
  • the medium and high density polyethylene resin has a density of 0.938-0.968g/cm 3 , preferably a density of 0.938-0.948g/cm 3 ; a melt index I 2.16 of 0.1-8g/10min, preferably a melt index of I 2.16 is 0.2-3g/10min.
  • the above medium and high density polyethylene resins are commercially available, for example, brand: ENABLE 4009MC, brand: HDPE TR144.
  • the light stabilizer is preferably a hindered amine light stabilizer, more preferably 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyl Benzyl)-2'-n-butylmalonate bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester, bis(1,2,2,6,6-penta Methyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,2,3,4-butane tetracarboxylate at least one of .
  • a hindered amine light stabilizer more preferably 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyl Benzyl)-2'-n-butylmalonate bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl) ester, bis(1,2,2,6,6-penta Methyl-4-piperidinyl) sebacate, te
  • light stabilizer can be obtained commercially, specifically, described light stabilizer can be selected from UV-237, UV-531, UV-360, BASF light stabilizer UV783, BASF light stabilizer 2020 (Chimassorb 2020), BASF light stabilizer At least one of stabilizer 622SF, BASF light stabilizer UV791.
  • the antioxidant is preferably selected from pentaerythritol tetrakis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy)phenylpropionate and/or 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6 - Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)benzene.
  • the above antioxidants are commercially available, for example, Thanox B225 and Thanox 1010 from Tianjin Lianlong New Material Co., Ltd.
  • the ultraviolet absorber is preferably selected from hydroxyphenyl triazine ultraviolet absorbers and/or benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers, and the hydroxyphenyl triazine ultraviolet absorbers are preferably 2,4- Bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxyphenyl)-s-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4- Hexyloxy-3-methylphenyl)-s-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)phenyl]-4,6-diphenyl-s- At least one of triazine, 2-[[2-hydroxy-4-[1-(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)ethoxy]phenyl]]-4,6-diphenyl-s-triazine A kind;
  • the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber is 2-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-
  • the preparation method of the polyolefin resin composition comprises: adding light stabilizer, antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber and polyolefin resin into the mixer in sequence for high-speed stirring for 10-15 minutes, mixing the The raw material is extruded by a single screw, and then calendered by three rollers, cooled, shaped, and rolled.
  • the temperature of the extruder is set at: 190-200-220-220-220°C.
  • the adhesive material of the non-asphalt-based polymer self-adhesive adhesive layer can be various non-asphalt-based polymer self-adhesive adhesives that meet the above requirements, such as non-asphalt-based polymer self-adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesives, specifically preferably For EVA hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive, SIS hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive, butyl rubber based adhesive, polyisobutylene based adhesive, acrylic based adhesive, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer adhesive, styrene- Isoprene-styrene (SIS)-based adhesives, styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS)-based adhesives, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-based adhesives, One or more of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) based adhesives.
  • EVA hot melt pressure sensitive adhesive SIS hot melt pressure
  • the material of the non-bitumen-based polymer self-adhesive adhesive layer includes a non-bitumen-based polymer elastomer, naphthenic oil, tackifying resin, ultraviolet absorber and antioxidant; preferably, Based on the total weight of the non-bitumen-based polymer self-adhesive adhesive layer, the content of the non-bitumen-based polymer elastomer is 30-48% by weight, the content of naphthenic oil is 5-15% by weight, and the content of the tackifying resin is 45-60% by weight, the content of the ultraviolet absorber is 0.1-2% by weight, and the content of the antioxidant is 0.1-2% by weight.
  • the naphthenic oil, tackifying resin, ultraviolet absorber and antioxidant can all be conventional choices in the art.
  • the interface bonding layer is a paint layer, preferably, the raw materials of the interface bonding layer include the following components in mass percentage:
  • the first filler is nano-scale inorganic particles, at least one selected from nano-silica, nano-rutile titanium dioxide, nano-zinc oxide, nano-antimony-doped tin dioxide, nano-alumina, nano-zirconia, and nano-calcium carbonate ;
  • the second filler is selected from at least one of barium sulfate, calcium carbonate, quartz powder, aluminum silicate, silicon micropowder and glass powder;
  • the emulsion is acrylic polymer emulsion, methacrylic acid polymer emulsion, acrylic acid-methacrylic acid copolymer emulsion, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer emulsion, pure acrylic emulsion, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion and polyacetic acid At least one of vinyl ester emulsions.
  • the waterproof coiled material may include an isolation film layer as required, and the isolation film layer is arranged on the other side of the interface bonding layer.
  • the single or both ends of the waterproof coiled material are preferably provided with welded edges or self-adhesive lapped edges.
  • the setting method of the double-ended upper surface, lower surface or upper and lower surfaces can be selected.
  • the present invention has no particular limitation on the width and length of the welded side or the lapped side.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned waterproof coiled material, comprising the following steps:
  • the obtained material has a three-layer structure as a whole, including a sheet material layer, an adhesive layer, and an interface bonding layer.
  • the raw material of the resin sheet layer is melted and extruded through a single-screw extruder, and the extruded high-temperature melt is calendered by a three-roll calender to reach a set thickness, and formed sheet; then it is unwound through the unwinding drum, and the unrolled sheet is conveyed between the glue roller and the pressing roller through the guide roller, and the glue roller rotates to remove the non-bitumen-based polymer on the surface of the glue roller Self-adhesive hot melt adhesive is applied to one surface of the sheet; then, adjust the interface bonding layer slurry according to the formula to make it evenly mixed, take an appropriate amount of slurry and evenly coat the glue-coated semi-finished sheet, and wait for coating layer is dried to obtain the waterproof membrane.
  • the waterproof coiled material of the present invention is very convenient for construction.
  • the construction method includes the following steps: the construction is carried out by using the pre-laying anti-adhesive method, the coiled material and the base layer are laid empty, and there is no need to apply a protective layer after laying, and they are directly tied Rebar, then poured structural concrete.
  • the method may include the following steps: adopt the pre-paved anti-adhesive method for construction, fix the coiled material on the concrete of the first lining through the gasket, directly bind the steel bars without applying a protective layer after laying, and then The structural concrete is poured, and the membrane and the secondary lining concrete form a full bond.
  • the pads suitable for this construction method are preferably warm in color, such as orange or red.
  • the present invention also provides a waterproof system for a tunnel, which includes a primary support layer, a geotextile liner layer, a transparent or translucent waterproof coil layer, and a secondary lining layer from the inside to the outside. Nail gaskets are fixed on the primary support layer; the waterproof coiled material layer is a layer formed by the above-mentioned waterproof coiled material.
  • the color of the nailing gasket is preferably warm, such as orange or red.
  • the gasket When laying the waterproof coiled material of the present invention, the gasket can be quickly positioned, and the fixed coiled material is fixed by the front operation, and the construction speed is fast. Compared with welding and fixing from the back, the time can be saved by two-thirds, thereby greatly improving the construction efficiency. Efficiency and reduced technical requirements for operators.
  • the subsequent construction process can be carried out normally, and people can walk on it.
  • the interface bonding layer will not become discolored and white when exposed to water, nor will it lose its isolation effect, and, in the presence of blasting dust, it can still achieve full adhesion to concrete.
  • the waterproof coiled material of the present invention can be bonded to concrete above 1.5N/mm, first soaked in water and then bonded to concrete above 1.5N/mm, first bonded to concrete and then soaked in water to above 2.0N/mm, in the tunnel It can be welded with double lap joints, and the light transmittance of the coil will not change due to moisture absorption when it is constructed in a humid environment in the tunnel.
  • Figure 1 shows the naked eye observation results of waterproof membranes with different transparency on the red gasket under tunnel light conditions. From top to bottom, the transparencies of the three membranes are 40%, 45% and 65%, respectively. Under the condition of tunnel light, the red spacer is completely unrecognizable when the light transmittance is 40%. The position of the gasket; when the light transmittance is 45%, the position of the gasket can be judged, which can meet the requirements of subsequent operations; when the light transmittance is 65%, the position of the gasket is clearly visible.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a tunnel waterproofing system according to the present invention. Among them: 1-primary support layer, 2-geotextile liner layer, 3-waterproof membrane layer, 4-secondary lining layer, 5-nail gasket.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a waterproof membrane layer adopted in the present invention. Among them: 6-resin sheet layer, 7-non-asphalt-based polymer self-adhesive layer, 8-interface bonding layer, 9-isolation film layer.
  • test methods for sheet and bonding related properties shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 23457-2017.
  • the temperature of the extruder is set at 190 -200-220-220-220°C.
  • the polyolefin resin is a mixture of linear low-density polyethylene resin and medium-high density polyethylene resin.
  • the extruded high-temperature melt is calendered by a three-roll calender to reach a set thickness to form a sheet.
  • the composition, thickness and light transmittance of the resin sheet layer are shown in Table 1, wherein the content of linear low-density polyethylene and medium-high-density polyethylene is based on the total weight of the polyolefin resin (ie, the sum of the two).
  • the resin sheet prepared in step 1 is unwound through the unwinding drum, and the unrolled sheet is conveyed between the glue roller and the pressure roller through the guide roller, and the glue roller rotates to remove the hot melt on the surface of the glue roller.
  • Glue was applied to one surface of the sheet to form a non-bitumen-based polymer self-adhesive layer.
  • the composition, thickness and light transmittance of the self-adhesive layer are shown in Table 2.
  • the composition, thickness and light transmittance of the interface bonding layer are shown in Table 3, and the numbers in the table represent parts by weight.
  • the first filler is nano-silica NANOPAL C 750
  • the second filler is calcium carbonate OMYACARB 2T
  • the emulsion is styrene-acrylic emulsion PRIMAL TM AS-8000 and pure acrylic emulsion PRIMAL TM MC-76LO.
  • This embodiment is used to illustrate a tunnel waterproofing system provided by the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, it includes an initial support layer 1, a geotextile backing layer 2, and a transparent or translucent waterproof membrane from the inside to the outside. Layer 3, secondary lining layer 4, the waterproof coiled material layer 3 is fixed on the primary support layer 1 by nailing gaskets 5.
  • the waterproof membrane layer 3 is provided with a resin sheet layer 6, a non-bitumen-based macromolecular self-adhesive adhesive layer 7, and an interface combination in sequence from bottom to top.
  • the light transmittance of the waterproof membrane layer 3 is 73%.
  • the resin sheet layer 6 is a polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 0.75 mm and a light transmittance of 80%.
  • the non-bitumen-based polymer self-adhesive adhesive layer 7 is SIS hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive with a thickness of 0.35 mm and a light transmittance of 91%.
  • the interface bonding layer 8 is an acrylic polymer emulsion coating with a coating weight of 30g/m 2 and a light transmittance of 82%.
  • the isolation film layer 9 is a PE isolation film. The color of the nail spacer 5 is red.
  • the invention can accurately position the gasket through the coil under the light environment of the tunnel, so that the electromagnetic welding machine can weld and fix the coil and the gasket from the front, and the construction speed is fast. Compared with welding and fixing from the back, the time can be saved by three times. 2/1, thus greatly improving the construction efficiency and reducing the technical requirements for operators.

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Abstract

本发明属于防水技术领域，涉及一种防水卷材及其制备方法与施工方法和隧道防水系统。所述防水卷材包括依次设置的树脂片材层、非沥青基高分子自粘胶层和界面结合层，其中，所述防水卷材的透光率≥45％。本发明提供一种可视化的防水卷材，即光线可以穿过卷材透视垫片，当卷材的透光率≥45％时，对于橘色、红色等暖色垫片具有良好的可视性。

Description

一种防水卷材及其制备方法与施工方法和隧道防水系统 技术领域
本发明属于防水技术领域，具体地，涉及一种防水卷材，以及该防水卷材的制备方法及施工方法和一种隧道防水系统。
背景技术
自隧道采用矿山法或新奥法施工以来，一般采用在喷混凝土层和二次衬砌之间设置防水层的方法来解决复合式衬砌的防水问题。构筑的防水层通常采用PVC、EVA、ECB、LDPE等防水板。这些传统的防水板表面光滑，无法与二衬混凝土形成有效咬合。一旦防水卷材破损，或焊接不牢靠，防水层和二衬混凝土之间就会出现“窜水”现象，进而透过混凝土裂纹、缝隙进入隧道内部。
近年来有些隧道采用自粘型高分子防水卷材，相对于单层高分子防水板而言，看似防水效果有所提升，其实不然。防水施工完毕要绑扎钢筋，台车移动的周期中，必须先撕掉自粘卷材表面的隔离膜，在此过程中卷材极易粘接到作业人员身体和衣服，并且，隧道爆破出渣土等过程的灰尘也会直接吸附在胶膜表面成为隔离层，失去和后浇混凝土的粘接能力；个别情境下，在浇筑混凝土时卷材的隔离膜没有被去除，则彻底失去和混凝土的粘接效果，与传统防水板面临同样问题。一旦出现“窜水”，很难锁定渗漏位置，使得后续查漏、修补等工作十分困难。
此外，在隧道中铺设防水板或卷材需要预先铺设垫片，以实现其与一衬混凝土的固定。对于PE、EVA防水板在隧道中铺设以垫片锚固焊接法为主，焊接的方法又分为热风焊、超声焊和电磁焊。目前的施工工艺中，均需从背面焊接以固定卷材。由于卷材尺寸较大，对于隧道拱顶来说，从卷 材背面焊接的施工工艺非常复杂耗时，对操作人员的技术要求也较高。电磁焊可以支持在卷材正面操作以实现与垫片的焊接，比较方便工人操作。但正面操作需要求防水板是透明或者半透明的，以便透过材料准确找到垫片的位置。然而现有的市售预铺高分子自粘胶膜卷材均为浅色甚至白色，不符合操作要求。特别是当现有白度值大于65％时，根本不可能在隧道光线条件下看到垫片。相关文献或专利报道的预铺防水材料也均未提及透光率和可视性，其关注重点都是反粘层如何起到隔离、反射以及与后浇混凝土反粘的实现。
因此，目前尚未有可以在隧道的光线环境下，透过卷材准确定位垫片，从而实现电磁焊机从正面焊接固定卷材和垫片的市售预铺产品或相关文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的发明人经在防水技术领域的多年研究，发现将预铺反粘高分子自粘胶膜防水卷材取代传统的防水板，可以有效地解决防水层和二衬混凝土之间“窜水”问题。将其进一步设计为具有一定透明度的卷材，可透过卷材准确定位垫片，并通过电磁焊将片材与垫片热熔焊接，从而解决正面施工固定的问题。基于此，完成了本发明。
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述问题，提供一种可视化的防水卷材，即光线可以穿过卷材透视垫片，当卷材的透光率≥45％时，对于橘色、红色等暖色垫片具有良好的可视性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供一种防水卷材，所述防水卷材包括依次设置的树脂片材层、非沥青基高分子自粘胶层和界面结合层，其中，所述防水卷材的透光率≥45％，优选透光率为60-70％；所述树脂片材层的厚度为0.2-2.0mm，其透光率≥55％。在优选范围内的卷材透光率可达到性能与便捷施工的最佳。
在满足上述透光率的前提下，各层优选满足下述条件，所述树脂片材层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm，其透光率≥70％。所述非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm，优选为0.15-0.5mm，其透光率≥80％，例如为81％、82％、83％、84％、85％、86％、87％、88％、89％，优选≥90％，例如为91％、92％、93％、94％、95％。所述界面结合层的涂层重量为20-150g/m 2，其透光率≥55％。以上厚度均为优选，在满足整体透光率的前提下，本领域技术人员可以根据应用需要对相关组成的厚度进行调整。
根据本发明，优选地，所述树脂片材层由聚烯烃树脂组合物制得，以聚烯烃树脂组合物的总重量计，所述聚烯烃树脂组合物包括以下组分：0.05-2重量％的光稳剂、0.2-5重量％的抗氧剂、0.05-2重量％的紫外线吸收剂和95-99.7重量％的聚烯烃树脂；更优选地，以聚烯烃树脂组合物的总重量计，所述聚烯烃树脂组合物包括以下组分：0.1-1重量％的光稳剂、0.2-3重量％的抗氧剂、0.5-1重量％的紫外线吸收剂和95-99.2重量％的聚烯烃树脂。
其中，所述聚烯烃树脂的选择较为宽泛，可以为聚乙烯、乙烯基共聚物、聚丙烯、丙烯基共聚物、聚1-丁烯、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯、环烯烃聚合物中的至少一种；所述乙烯基共聚物优选为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸或丙烯酸酯共聚物。
根据本发明一种优选实施方式，所述聚烯烃树脂为聚乙烯；优选为线性低密度聚乙烯树脂和中高密度聚乙烯树脂的混合物，以聚烯烃树脂的总重量计，线性低密度聚乙烯树脂的含量为35-75重量％，中高密度聚乙烯树脂的含量为25-65重量％。
更优选地，所述线性低密度聚乙烯树脂的密度为0.915-0.935g/cm 3，优选密度为0.920-0.935g/cm 3；熔体指数I 2.16为0.1-8g/10min，优选熔体指数I 2.16为0.2-3g/10min。上述线性低密度聚乙烯树脂可商购获得，例如，牌号：LLDPE-7042(齐鲁)、牌号：Dowlex 2045G。
更优选地，所述中高密度聚乙烯树脂的密度为0.938-0.968g/cm 3，优选密度为0.938-0.948g/cm 3；熔体指数I 2.16为0.1-8g/10min，优选熔体指数I 2.16为0.2-3g/10min。上述中高密度聚乙烯树脂可商购获得，例如，牌号：ENABLE 4009MC、牌号：HDPE TR144。
由于运输、储存和施工是在可见光环境，因此需要短暂的暴露期，所述光稳剂优选为受阻胺类光稳定剂，更优选为2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2’-正丁基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯中的至少一种。
上述光稳定剂可商购获得，具体地，所述光稳定剂可选自UV-237、UV-531、UV-360、巴斯夫光稳定剂UV783、巴斯夫光稳定剂2020(Chimassorb 2020)、巴斯夫光稳定剂622SF、巴斯夫光稳定剂UV791中的至少一种。
根据本发明，所述抗氧剂优选选自四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯和/或1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基)苯。上述抗氧剂可商购获得，例如，购自天津立安隆新材料股份有限公司的Thanox B225，和Thanox 1010。
根据本发明，所述紫外线吸收剂优选选自羟基苯基三嗪类紫外线吸收剂和/或苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂，所述羟基苯基三嗪类紫外线吸收剂优选为2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-正辛基氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-己氧基-3-甲基苯基)-s-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-乙基己氧基)苯基]-4,6-二联苯基-s-三嗪、2-[[2-羟基-4-[1-(2-乙基己氧基羰基)乙氧基]苯基]]-4,6-二苯基-s-三嗪中的至少一种；所述苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂为2-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和/或2-(5-氯-2-苯并三唑基)-6-叔丁基对甲酚。上述紫外线吸收剂可商购获得，例如，购自巴斯夫的Tinuvin 326。
根据本发明，所述聚烯烃树脂组合物制备方法包括：将光稳剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂与聚烯烃树脂按照顺序加入到混合机中进行高速搅拌， 持续10-15min，将混合后的物料经过单螺杆挤出，经过三辊压延、冷却、定型、收卷，挤出机温度设置为：190-200-220-220-220℃。
本发明中，所述非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的胶材料可以为满足上述要求的各种非沥青基高分子自粘胶，例如为非沥青基高分子自粘压敏胶，具体优选为EVA热熔压敏胶、SIS热熔压敏胶、丁基橡胶基粘合剂、聚异丁烯基粘合剂、丙烯酸基粘合剂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物粘合剂、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯(SIS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯(SEBS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)基粘合剂的一种或多种。
根据本发明另一种实施方式，所述非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的材料包括非沥青基高分子弹性体、环烷油、增粘树脂、紫外吸收剂和抗氧剂；优选地，以非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的总重量为基准，非沥青基高分子弹性体的含量为30-48重量％，环烷油的含量为5-15重量％，增粘树脂的含量为45-60重量％，紫外吸收剂的含量为0.1-2重量％，抗氧剂的含量为0.1-2重量％。所述环烷油、增粘树脂、紫外吸收剂和抗氧剂均可为本领域的常规选择。
根据本发明，所述界面结合层为涂料层，优选地，所述界面结合层的原料包括以质量百分含量计的以下组分：
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000002
所述第一填料为纳米级无机粒子，选自纳米二氧化硅、纳米金红石型二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米掺锑二氧化锡、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆、纳米碳酸钙中的至少一种；
所述第二填料选自硫酸钡、碳酸钙、石英粉、硅酸铝、硅微粉和玻璃粉中的至少一种；
所述乳液为丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、甲基丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸共聚物乳液、苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物乳液、纯丙乳液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液和聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中的至少一种。
根据本发明，根据需要所述防水卷材可包括隔离膜层，所述隔离膜层设置于所述界面结合层的另一侧。
所述防水卷材的单端或双端优选设置有焊接边或自粘搭接边。当设置为双端自粘搭接边时，可选择双端上表面、下表面或上下表面的设置方式。本发明对焊接边或搭接边的宽度和长度没有特别限定。
本发明还提供上述防水卷材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.将树脂片材层原料熔融挤出、压光、成型，得到树脂片材；
S2.将热熔的非沥青基高分子自粘胶涂至树脂片材的一个表面，形成自粘胶层；
S3.将界面结合层原料均匀涂布在步骤S2所得片材的自粘胶层表面上，干燥后形成界面结合层。得到的材料整体为三层结构，包括片材层、胶层、界面结合层。
根据本发明一种具体实施方式，首先，将树脂片材层原料经单螺杆挤出机熔融挤出，并通过三辊压光机将挤出的高温熔体压光并达到设定厚度，成型片材；然后将其通过放卷筒进行放卷，通过导辊将放卷的片材输送至 涂胶辊和压辊之间，涂胶辊旋转将涂胶辊表面上的非沥青基高分子自粘热熔胶涂至片材的一表面上；然后，按配方调好界面结合层浆料，使其混合均匀，取适量浆料均匀涂布在涂好胶的半成品片材上，待涂层干燥，即得所述防水卷材。
本发明的防水卷材非常便于施工，根据一种具体实施方式，施工方法包括以下步骤：采用预铺反粘法进行施工，卷材与基层空铺，铺设完毕后无需施做保护层，直接绑扎钢筋，然后浇筑结构混凝土。
在隧道中施工时，该方法可包括以下步骤：采用预铺反粘法进行施工，通过垫片将卷材固定在一衬的混凝土上，铺设完毕后无需施做保护层，直接绑扎钢筋，然后浇筑结构混凝土，卷材与二衬混凝土形成满粘。
与该施工方法相适应的所述垫片优选为暖色，例如为橘色或红色。
本发明还提供一种隧道防水系统，从内至外依次包括初期支护层、土工布衬垫层、透明或半透明的防水卷材层、二次衬砌层，所述防水卷材层通过射钉垫片固定在所述初期支护层上；所述防水卷材层为上述防水卷材形成的层。
如前所述，所述射钉垫片的颜色优选为暖色，例如为橘色或红色。
本发明的防水卷材具有以下优点：
1、耐污染，施工现场整洁美观。不存在颗粒产品施工现场脱落、影响搭接边焊接的情况。在隧道施工现场受到粉尘、潮气、明水、砂石搅拌多种环境因素等影响，白色的卷材产品非常容易受到污染，造成施工现场的不整洁不美观，本发明的防水卷材具有透视效果，能够更好地与混凝土隧道融为一体，保持施工现场的整洁干净。
2、本发明的防水卷材在铺设时，可快速定位垫片，采用正面操作固定卷材，施工速度快，与从背面焊接固定相比，时间可以节省三分之二，从而大幅度提高施工效率，并且降低了对操作人员的技术要求。
3、便于维修。卷材单道设防即可满足一级防水要求，由于设置了界面 结合层，一方面，铺设完毕后，无需施做保护层，直接绑扎钢筋，浇筑结构混凝土即可；另一方面，界面结合层不影响自粘胶层与结构混凝土的满粘接，真正实现了复合防水体系，最大程度地避免了渗漏水以及窜水情况的出现，降低维护修理费用。
4、与自粘型的防水板相比，撕开任选设置的隔离膜后可正常上人施工后续工序，可上人行走。界面结合层遇水不会变色发白，也不会失去隔离效果，并且，在有爆破灰尘的情况下，依然可以实现与混凝土的满粘。
5、本发明的防水卷材可以与混凝土粘接1.5N/mm以上，先泡水再粘接混凝土达1.5N/mm以上，先粘接混凝土再泡水达2.0N/mm以上，在隧道内可双搭接边焊接，并且，在隧道内潮湿环境下施工，卷材的透光率不因吸湿而发生变化。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
通过结合附图对本发明示例性实施方式进行更详细的描述。
图1示出了在隧道光线条件下、不同透明度的防水卷材在红色垫片上的肉眼观察结果。自上而下，三个卷材的透明度分别为40％，45％和65％，在隧道光线条件下，以肉眼透过卷材看红色垫片，当透光率为40％时完全无法识别垫片的位置；当透光率为45％时，已可判断垫片位置，能够满足后续操作要求；当透光率为65％时，垫片的位置清晰可见。
图2为本发明一种隧道防水系统的结构示意图。其中：1-初期支护层，2-土工布衬垫层，3-防水卷材层，4-二次衬砌层，5-射钉垫片。
图3为本发明采用的一种防水卷材层的结构示意图。其中：6-树脂片材层，7-非沥青基高分子自粘胶层，8-界面结合层，9-隔离膜层。
具体实施方式
下面将更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。虽然以下描述了本发明的优选实施方式，然而应该理解，可以以各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。
以下实施例中各参数的测试方法如下：
一、涂层厚度测试方法
1、仪器设备
光学显微镜、裁刀、钢尺
2、操作步骤
首先用裁刀将片材裁成细条：长20mm～30mm，宽2mm～3mm；然后将样品垂直放到显微镜的载物台上，横截面朝上，放大至合适的倍数(一般为50倍左右)拍照，并测量涂层厚度。
二、透光率测试方法，依据GB/T2410-2008
1、仪器设备
透光率/雾度测定仪(型号：WGT-S)、裁刀
工作环境条件：(1)环境温度5℃-35℃，(2)相对湿度不大于85％。
2、操作步骤
将样品裁成规定尺寸：50mm×50mm；透光率测定仪(WGT-S)开机预热30min，然后将样品拉平放置到仪器的样品架上并固定，放置夹具时应注意贴近积分球，使涂层面正对光的入射方向进行测试。每个样品测试3个点，每测完一组样品测空白一次，完成后，再按测试钮，测下一组样品。结果取其算数平均值。
三、片材以及粘接相关性能测试方法按照GB/T 23457-2017进行。
通过以下实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。
1、树脂片材的制备：
将光稳剂、抗氧剂、紫外线吸收剂和聚烯烃树脂混合加入到混合机中进行高速搅拌，持续10-15min，将混合后的物料经过单螺杆挤出，挤出机温度设置为：190-200-220-220-220℃。所述聚烯烃树脂为线性低密度聚乙烯树脂和中高密度聚乙烯树脂的混合物。
通过三辊压光机将挤出的高温熔体压光并达到设定厚度，成型片材。树脂片材层的组分、厚度和透光率示于表1中，其中，线性低密度聚乙烯和中高密度聚乙烯的含量以聚烯烃树脂的总重量(即二者总和)计。
表1
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000004
2、非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的制备
将步骤1制得的树脂片材通过放卷筒进行放卷，通过导辊将放卷的片材输送至涂胶辊和压辊之间，涂胶辊旋转将涂胶辊表面上的热熔胶涂至片材的一表面上，形成非沥青基高分子自粘胶层，自粘胶层的组分、厚度和透光率示于表2中。
表2
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000006
3、界面结合层的制备
按以下界面结合层配方调好浆料，使其混合均匀，取适量浆料倒在步骤2得到的胶层上，涂布均匀，等待涂层自然干燥，形成界面结合层。界面结合层的组分、厚度和透光率示于表3中，表中数字代表重量份。第一填料为纳米二氧化硅NANOPAL C 750，第二填料为碳酸钙OMYACARB 2T，乳液为苯丙乳液PRIMAL TM AS-8000和纯丙乳液PRIMAL TMMC-76LO。
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-000009
实施例13
本实施例用于说明本发明所提供的一种隧道防水系统，如图2所示，从内至外依次包括初期支护层1、土工布衬垫层2、透明或半透明的防水卷材层3、二次衬砌层4，所述防水卷材层3通过射钉垫片5固定在初期支护层1上。
其中透明或半透明的防水卷材层3，如图3所示，该防水卷材层3自下而上依次设置有树脂片材层6、非沥青基高分子自粘胶层7、界面结合层8、隔离膜层9。防水卷材层3的透光率为73％。树脂片材层6为聚乙烯类片材，厚度为0.75mm，透光率为80％。非沥青基高分子自粘胶层7为SIS热熔压敏胶，厚度为0.35mm，其透光率为91％。界面结合层8为丙烯酸类聚合物乳液系涂层，涂层重量为30g/m 2，其透光率为82％。隔离膜层9为PE隔离膜。射钉垫片5的颜色为红色。
本发明可以在隧道的光线环境下，透过卷材准确定位垫片，从而实现电磁焊机从正面焊接固定卷材和垫片，施工速度快，与从背面焊接固定相比，时间可以节省三分之二，从而大幅度提高施工效率，并且降低了对操作人员的技术要求。
以上已经描述了本发明的各实施例，上述说明是示例性的，并非穷尽性的，并且也不限于所披露的各实施例。在不偏离所说明的各实施例的范围和精神的情况下，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说许多修改和变更都是显而易见的。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种防水卷材，其特征在于，所述防水卷材包括依次设置的树脂片材层、非沥青基高分子自粘胶层和界面结合层，其中，所述防水卷材的透光率≥45％，优选透光率为60-70％；所述树脂片材层的厚度为0.2-2.0mm，其透光率≥55％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的防水卷材，其中，所述树脂片材层的厚度为0.5-1.5mm，其透光率≥70％；
    所述非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm，优选为0.15-0.5mm，其透光率≥80％，优选≥90％；
    所述界面结合层的涂层重量为20-150g/m 2，其透光率≥55％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的防水卷材，其中，所述树脂片材层由聚烯烃树脂组合物制得，以聚烯烃树脂组合物的总重量计，所述聚烯烃树脂组合物包括以下组分：0.05-2重量％的光稳剂、0.2-5重量％的抗氧剂、0.05-2重量％的紫外线吸收剂和95-99.7重量％的聚烯烃树脂；优选地，以聚烯烃树脂组合物的总重量计，所述聚烯烃树脂组合物包括以下组分：0.1-1重量％的光稳剂、0.2-3重量％的抗氧剂、0.5-1重量％的紫外线吸收剂和95-99.2重量％的聚烯烃树脂。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的防水卷材，其中，所述聚烯烃树脂为聚乙烯、乙烯基共聚物、聚丙烯、丙烯基共聚物、聚1-丁烯、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯、环烯烃聚合物中的至少一种；所述乙烯基共聚物优选为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸或丙烯酸酯共聚物。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的防水卷材，其中，所述聚烯烃树脂为聚乙烯； 优选为线性低密度聚乙烯树脂和中高密度聚乙烯树脂的混合物，以聚烯烃树脂的总重量计，线性低密度聚乙烯树脂的含量为35-75重量％，中高密度聚乙烯树脂的含量为25-65重量％；
    优选地，所述线性低密度聚乙烯树脂的密度为0.915-0.935g/cm 3，优选密度为0.920-0.935g/cm 3；熔体指数I 2.16为0.1-8g/10min，优选熔体指数I 2.16为0.2-3g/10min；
    优选地，所述中高密度聚乙烯树脂的密度为0.938-0.968g/cm 3，优选密度为0.938-0.948g/cm 3；熔体指数I 2.16为0.1-8g/10min，优选熔体指数I 2.16为0.2-3g/10min。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的防水卷材，其中，所述光稳剂为受阻胺类光稳定剂，优选为2-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2’-正丁基丙二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯中的至少一种；
    所述抗氧剂选自四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸季戊四醇酯和/或1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基)苯；
    所述紫外线吸收剂选自羟基苯基三嗪类紫外线吸收剂和/或苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂，所述羟基苯基三嗪类紫外线吸收剂优选为2,4-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-6-(2-羟基-4-正辛基氧基苯基)-s-三嗪、2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-己氧基-3-甲基苯基)-s-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-乙基己氧基)苯基]-4,6-二联苯基-s-三嗪、2-[[2-羟基-4-[1-(2-乙基己氧基羰基)乙氧基]苯基]]-4,6-二苯基-s-三嗪中的至少一种；所述苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂为2-(5-氯-2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚和/或2-(5-氯-2-苯并三唑基)-6-叔丁基对甲酚。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的防水卷材，其中，所述非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的材料包括非沥青基高分子弹性体、环烷油、增粘树脂、紫外吸收剂 和抗氧剂；优选地，以非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的总重量为基准，非沥青基高分子弹性体的含量为30-48重量％，环烷油的含量为5-15重量％，增粘树脂的含量为45-60重量％，紫外吸收剂的含量为0.1-2重量％，抗氧剂的含量为0.1-2重量％。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的防水卷材，其中，所述非沥青基高分子自粘胶层的材料为非沥青基高分子自粘压敏胶，所述非沥青基高分子自粘压敏胶优选为EVA热熔压敏胶、SIS热熔压敏胶、丁基橡胶基粘合剂、聚异丁烯基粘合剂、丙烯酸基粘合剂、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物粘合剂、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯基粘合剂、苯乙烯-乙烯-丁烯-苯乙烯基粘合剂、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯基粘合剂和苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶基粘合剂的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的防水卷材，其中，所述界面结合层的原料包括以质量百分含量计的以下组分：
    Figure PCTCN2022096283-appb-100001
    所述第一填料为纳米级无机粒子，选自纳米二氧化硅、纳米金红石型二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌、纳米掺锑二氧化锡、纳米氧化铝、纳米氧化锆、 纳米碳酸钙中的至少一种；
    所述第二填料选自硫酸钡、碳酸钙、石英粉、硅酸铝、硅微粉和玻璃粉中的至少一种；
    所述乳液为丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、甲基丙烯酸类聚合物乳液、丙烯酸-甲基丙烯酸共聚物乳液、苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物乳液、纯丙乳液、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物乳液和聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中的至少一种。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的防水卷材，其中，所述防水卷材包括隔离膜层，所述隔离膜层设置于所述界面结合层的另一侧。
  11. 根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的防水卷材，其中，所述防水卷材的单端或双端设置有焊接边或自粘搭接边。
  12. 权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的防水卷材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    S1.将树脂片材层原料熔融挤出、压光、成型，得到树脂片材；
    S2.将热熔的非沥青基高分子自粘胶涂至树脂片材的一个表面，形成带自粘胶层的片材；
    S3.将界面结合层原料均匀涂布在步骤S2所得片材的自粘胶层表面上，干燥后形成界面结合层。
  13. 权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的防水卷材的施工方法，包括以下步骤：采用预铺反粘法进行施工，卷材与基层空铺，铺设完毕后无需施做保护层，直接绑扎钢筋，然后浇筑结构混凝土。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的施工方法，其中，在隧道中施工时，该方 法包括以下步骤：采用预铺反粘法进行施工，通过垫片将卷材固定在一衬的混凝土上，铺设完毕后无需施做保护层，直接绑扎钢筋，然后浇筑结构混凝土，卷材与二衬混凝土形成满粘。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的施工方法，其中，所述垫片为暖色，优选为橘色或红色。
  16. 一种隧道防水系统，其特征在于，从内至外依次包括初期支护层(1)、土工布衬垫层(2)、透明或半透明的防水卷材层(3)、二次衬砌层(4)，所述防水卷材层(3)通过射钉垫片(5)固定在所述初期支护层(1)上；所述防水卷材层(3)为权利要求1-11中任意一项所述的防水卷材形成的层。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的隧道防水系统，其中，所述射钉垫片(5)的颜色为暖色。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的隧道防水系统，其中，所述射钉垫片(5)的颜色为橘色或红色。
PCT/CN2022/096283 2021-06-18 2022-05-31 一种防水卷材及其制备方法与施工方法和隧道防水系统 WO2022262572A1 (zh)

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