WO2022257308A1 - 一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法 - Google Patents

一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法 Download PDF

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WO2022257308A1
WO2022257308A1 PCT/CN2021/122533 CN2021122533W WO2022257308A1 WO 2022257308 A1 WO2022257308 A1 WO 2022257308A1 CN 2021122533 W CN2021122533 W CN 2021122533W WO 2022257308 A1 WO2022257308 A1 WO 2022257308A1
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design
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宋学官
周长安
李昆鹏
何西旺
李清野
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大连理工大学
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/27Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/04Constraint-based CAD
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/06Multi-objective optimisation, e.g. Pareto optimisation using simulated annealing [SA], ant colony algorithms or genetic algorithms [GA]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08Fluids
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/08Thermal analysis or thermal optimisation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of fuel assembly design, and relates to a joint simulation-based fuel assembly multidisciplinary structure design optimization method, which is used to improve the optimization efficiency of the fuel assembly structure while meeting the design requirements, and is applicable to various sheet fuel assemblies Optimization of mechanical structure.
  • the fuel assembly is the core component of the nuclear reactor, and its performance directly affects the normal operation of the nuclear reactor.
  • its working environment is particularly harsh, and it has been under the working conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and high flow rate coolant for a long time, which seriously affects the safety of the fuel assembly. reliability. Therefore, when the fluid, solid, and thermal characteristics have an important impact on the performance of fuel assemblies, the development of a new optimization method for structural design under multi-disciplinary coupling conditions is of great importance in ensuring the normal operation of fuel assemblies and improving their service life. important meaning.
  • Invention patent CN201910166484.X proposes a fuel assembly positioning grid optimization method and device, but the optimization process does not consider the working state of the multidisciplinary coupling of fuel assemblies, and the optimization method has not been carefully compared and verified.
  • the traditional optimization method is usually completed by the method of experimental design. Although this method can improve the optimization efficiency to a certain extent, the selection of the design variables is discrete, and the optimal solution cannot be accurately found.
  • the present invention adopts the approximate model technology on the basis of the test design, can better solve the shortcomings caused by the traditional optimization method, and can find the optimal solution more accurately.
  • adopting an optimization method based on ISIGHT co-simulation can greatly reduce the disadvantages of high time and cost caused by continuous manual adjustment and update of geometric models and manual setting of numerical simulation calculation parameters, and can greatly shorten the optimization cycle.
  • the fuel assembly cools and dissipates heat through the rapid flow of the cooling medium.
  • the heating power of the fuel core of the fuel assembly is unevenly distributed, and the width of each flow channel has a very important influence on the heat dissipation of the fuel core. Therefore, this The invention selects the width of each flow channel as the design parameter, integrates NX, ICEM CFD, FLUENT, and ABAQUS in the optimization software ISIGHT, and realizes a joint simulation platform for fuel assembly structure optimization.
  • the optimal design of the fuel assembly is carried out in this way, so as to obtain the optimal flow channel size.
  • the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: to overcome the defect that the traditional optimization method cannot accurately find the optimal solution, and at the same time overcome the problems of high time cost and low optimization efficiency caused by continuously manually adjusting the geometric model and setting numerical simulation calculation parameters , proposed a multi-disciplinary structural design optimization method for fuel assemblies based on co-simulation, which is used to improve the optimization efficiency of structural design of fuel assemblies under complex fluid, solid, and thermal multi-disciplinary coupling conditions, and is applicable to various sheet fuel assemblies Optimization of mechanical structure.
  • a multidisciplinary structural design optimization method for fuel assemblies based on co-simulation which takes fuel assemblies as the research object, and aims at the structural optimization requirements and design of experiments (DOE) efficiency of fuel assemblies under fluid, solid, and thermal multidisciplinary coupling conditions Low problem, by determining the appropriate optimal design parameters, using Kriging (Kriging) to establish an approximate model, combined with the use of adaptive simulated annealing (ASA), multi-island genetic algorithm (MIGA), Hawke-Keves Direct search method (Hooke-Jeeves), continuous quadratic programming method (NLPQLP), generalized reduced gradient method (LSGRG) and other optimization algorithms, based on the fast optimization characteristics of ISIGHT, realized the sheet-shaped
  • ASA adaptive simulated annealing
  • MIGA multi-island genetic algorithm
  • Hooke-Jeeves Hawke-Keves Direct search method
  • NLPQLPQLP continuous quadratic programming method
  • LSGRG generalized reduced gradient method
  • the optimized design of the fuel assembly structure effectively solves
  • the fuel assembly multidisciplinary structural design optimization method includes the following steps:
  • the first step is to build a fuel assembly co-simulation platform based on ISIGHT software integrating NX, ICEM CFD, FLUENT, and ABAQUS.
  • the simulation platform includes a geometric model update module, a grid update module, a flow heat transfer calculation module, a solid mechanics calculation module, data
  • the processing modules are as follows:
  • NX which includes 8 flow channels, 7 fuel cores, 7 aluminum claddings, and 1 tooth plate. Parameterize the size of the width of the 8 runners of the fuel assembly, export the NX expression file in .EXP format, record the NX operation record file in .VB format, and output the geometric model file in .STP format;
  • the third is to store the highest node temperature of each aluminum cladding
  • R av (sum(R 1 , R 2 , . . . , R 8 ))/8.
  • the second step is to determine the design parameters, optimization objectives, and constraints of the optimization model, and select the appropriate experimental design method, approximate model, and optimization algorithm, as follows:
  • the width has a very important influence on the heat dissipation of the fuel core, and it is necessary to determine the most effective flow channel width for the heat dissipation of the fuel assembly.
  • the experimental design method is selected as the "Latin hypercube" experimental design method, which can ensure full coverage of the selected range of each design variable (L 1 , L 2 , . . . , L 8 ).
  • the purpose of designing experiments is to select different combinations of design parameters And calculate the under each set of design parameter combination Equivalence, the combination of each set of design parameters and the calculated The equivalent is one sample.
  • the selected design parameter combination of the experimental design For discrete data, the experimental design determines that different samples are the key premise to ensure the accurate establishment of the approximate model.
  • the approximate model is established based on the above samples after adopting the "Latin Hypercube" experimental design method to select 80 groups of samples.
  • the purpose of the approximate model is to "continuously" the discrete design variables, using In the subsequent use of optimization calculation
  • Described approximation model selects Kriging approximation model, and described Kriging approximation model has better approximation effect when designing parameters within 10, and described approximation model adopts R 2 to verify the accuracy of approximation model.
  • the optimization algorithm is a calculation method for predicting the optimal value after the Kriging approximate model is established, and the optimization algorithm selects "Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA)", and the “Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA)” It is a global optimization algorithm, which can effectively prevent the optimization result from falling into a local optimal solution.
  • the optimal solution is a set of predicted values of design parameters L ′ 1 , L′ 2 , . . .
  • the third step after the first step and the second step are all prepared, run the fuel assembly co-simulation platform to perform relevant optimization operations, and use the optimization algorithm to obtain L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 corresponding to predicted value of Actual values corresponding to L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 obtained through numerical calculation Compare and analyze the performance of the optimized fuel assembly. details as follows:
  • step 1.1 the width of each flow channel has been parameterized, so the width of each flow channel is set to L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 , and the geometric model is updated in sequence module, grid update module, flow heat transfer calculation module, solid mechanics calculation module, and data processing module to obtain real calculation data when the design parameters are L′ 1 , L′ 2 ,...,L′ 8 Wait.
  • step 3.3 If the error ⁇ described in step 3.3) is less than 10%, all meet the requirements, it is considered that the design parameters obtained after optimization are L' 1 , L' 2 , ..., L' 8 are acceptable; if the error described in step 3.2) is greater than 10%, or If any value in does not meet the requirements, it is considered that the design parameters obtained after optimization are L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 are unacceptable, and the optimization process needs to be corrected.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the present invention adopts the fuel assembly optimization method design method based on ISIGHT co-simulation, fully exerts the advantages of NX, ICME CFD, FLUENT, and ABAQUS in their respective fields, and compares manual adjustment and update geometric models and settings when optimizing solutions Numerical simulation calculation parameters can greatly reduce the time cost, and the method of approximate model optimization can also improve the accuracy and reliability of the optimized design.
  • the present invention obtains by error analysis after establishing an approximate model R av ,
  • the R2 errors of S max were 0.99806, 0.99725, 0.91674, and 0.98714, respectively, indicating that the fitting degree is very good, and the approximate model can be used instead of the real model for optimization.
  • the present invention adopts the Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (Multi-Island GA) optimization algorithm, and the prediction results R' av , S' max , with actual calculation results
  • the verification can effectively avoid problems such as the prediction value obtained by the optimization algorithm falling into a local optimal solution and the optimization result being unreliable.
  • the present invention carries out digital calculation and verification based on the ISIGHT co-simulation fuel assembly optimization method design method, which can provide a theoretical basis for the experiment, reduce the excessively high experimental cost caused by blind experiments, and improve the efficiency of flake fuel. The overall performance of the component.
  • Fig. 1 (a) is the schematic diagram of three-dimensional model of fuel assembly of the present invention
  • Figure 1(b) is a cross-sectional view of the fuel assembly
  • Fig. 2 is method flowchart of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is the construction diagram of the ISIGHT co-simulation optimization platform
  • Fig. 4 is the Multi-Island GA optimization process figure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model of a fuel assembly of the present invention, including a fluid domain 1 , a fuel core 2 , a tooth plate 3 , and an aluminum cladding 4 .
  • the fuel core is placed in the core of the aluminum cladding; the aluminum cladding is fixed through the slot of the tooth plate; the fluid medium in the fluid domain flows rapidly from the flow channel between the aluminum cladding to achieve the effect of cooling.
  • Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the fuel assembly structure optimization design method based on ISIGHT co-simulation.
  • a joint simulation platform is built by integrating NX, ICEM CFD, FLUENT and ABAQUS through ISIGHT.
  • NX can parameterize the size and characteristics of the fuel assembly through parametric modeling, and its output format is the general 3D geometric model file of .STP.
  • ICME CFD can mesh the 3D geometric model, and its output format is .
  • Grid file FLUENT can perform grid assembly on the .MSH grid file, and perform numerical simulation calculations on the flow and heat dissipation of the cooling medium, and output the calculated hydrostatic pressure, temperature and other data in a file format of .VRP
  • ABAQUS is used for data input; ABAQUS can perform numerical simulation calculations on solid parts such as fuel assembly tooth plate, aluminum cladding and fuel core based on the hydrostatic pressure, temperature and other data output by FLUENT, and the maximum Mises stress of the output solid part is in The format is in a .TXT file.
  • the design parameters, optimization goals, and constraints are determined, and then the sample points are selected through the design of experiments (DOE), and the approximate model is established on the basis of the experimental design, and the accuracy of the approximate model is tested by R2. If the requirements are met, the optimization algorithm is used for optimization prediction. If the accuracy does not meet the requirements, new sample points need to be determined, and the approximate model is rebuilt until the R2 test is qualified. After the optimization algorithm is optimized, it is necessary to judge whether the predicted optimization results and the actual calculation results meet the relevant requirements. If the requirements are met, the optimization results are desirable. If the requirements are not met, it is necessary to determine new sample points and reconstruct the approximation. Model, on the basis of the R2 test is qualified until whether the predicted optimization results and the actual calculation results meet the relevant requirements.
  • Figure 3 is a construction diagram of the optimization platform for fuel assembly structure design optimization method based on ISIGHT co-simulation, including model update 1, model update 2, grid update 1, grid update 2, grid update 3, grid update 4, flow Heat transfer, solid mechanics 8 SIMCODE components, data processing 1, data processing 2 two calculator components, Optimization optimization component.
  • the SIMCODE component is used to drive NX to update the geometric model, drive ICEM CFD to perform grid division, drive FLUENT to perform flow heat transfer numerical calculation, and drive ABAQUS to perform solid mechanics simulation calculation; data processing 1 and data processing 2 are respectively used to process FLUENT With the data output by ABAQUS; Optimization is used to establish an approximate model and optimize it through an optimization algorithm.
  • Figure 4 shows the optimization process of the multi-island genetic algorithm (Multi-Island GA) optimization algorithm.
  • This algorithm is a global optimization algorithm, and the optimization process has a total of 27,000 iterations.
  • Table 1 is the data mapping relationship diagram of the invention, which specifically shows L' 1 , L' 2 , ..., L' 8 and L' 1 , L' 2 ,..., L' 8 , R′ av , S′ max , The relationship between.
  • Table 2 shows the usage corresponding to each format file, including different types such as 3D geometry files, grid files, batch files, macro files, and data files.
  • Table 3 is the comparison of data results before and after optimization, and the improvement of each index can be obtained from this table.
  • a multidisciplinary structural design optimization method for fuel assemblies based on co-simulation includes the following steps:
  • the first step is to build a fuel assembly co-simulation platform based on ISIGHT software integrating NX, ICEM CFD, FLUENT, and ABAQUS.
  • the simulation platform includes a geometric model update module, a grid update module, a flow heat transfer calculation module, a solid mechanics calculation module, data
  • the processing modules are as follows:
  • NX which includes 8 flow channels, 7 fuel cores, 7 aluminum claddings, and 1 tooth plate. Parameterize the size of the width of the 8 runners of the fuel assembly, export the NX expression file in .EXP format, record the NX operation record file in .VB format, and output the geometric model file in .STP format;
  • the third is to store the highest node temperature of each aluminum cladding
  • R av (sum(R 1 , R 2 , . . . , R 8 ))/8.
  • the second step is to determine the design parameters, optimization objectives, and constraints of the optimization model, and select the appropriate experimental design method, approximate model, and optimization algorithm, as follows:
  • the width has a very important influence on the heat dissipation of the fuel core, and it is necessary to determine the most effective flow channel width for the heat dissipation of the fuel assembly.
  • the experimental design method is selected as the "Latin hypercube" experimental design method, which can ensure full coverage of the selected range of each design variable (L 1 , L 2 , . . . , L 8 ).
  • the purpose of designing experiments is to select different combinations of design parameters And calculate the under each set of design parameter combination Equivalence, the combination of each set of design parameters and the calculated The equivalent is one sample.
  • the selected design parameter combination of the experimental design For discrete data, the experimental design determines that different samples are the key premise to ensure the accurate establishment of the approximate model. Table 3 shows the initial 80 sets of design parameter combinations determined by the "Latin Hypercube" experimental design method
  • the approximate model is established based on the above samples after adopting the "Latin Hypercube" experimental design method to select 80 groups of samples.
  • the purpose of the approximate model is to "continuously" the discrete design variables, using Then use the optimization algorithm to predict the optimal solution.
  • Described approximation model selects Kriging approximation model, and described Kriging approximation model has better approximation effect when designing parameters within 10, and described approximation model adopts R 2 to verify the accuracy of approximation model.
  • the optimization algorithm is a calculation method for predicting the optimal value after the Kriging approximate model is established, and the optimization algorithm selects "Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA)", and the “Multi-Island Genetic Algorithm (MIGA)” It is a global optimization algorithm, which can effectively prevent the optimization result from falling into a local optimal solution.
  • the optimal solution is a set of predicted values of design parameters L ′ 1 , L′ 2 , . . .
  • the third step after the first step and the second step are all prepared, run the fuel assembly co-simulation platform to perform relevant optimization operations, and use the optimization algorithm to obtain L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 corresponding to predicted value of Actual values corresponding to L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 obtained through numerical calculation Compare and analyze the performance of the optimized fuel assembly. details as follows:
  • step 1.1 the width of each flow channel has been parameterized, so the width of each flow channel is set to L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 , and the geometric model is updated in sequence module, grid update module, flow heat transfer calculation module, solid mechanics calculation module, and data processing module to obtain real calculation data when the design parameters are L′ 1 , L′ 2 ,...,L′ 8 Wait.
  • step 3.3 If the error ⁇ described in step 3.3) is less than 10%, all meet the requirements, it is considered that the design parameters obtained after optimization are L' 1 , L' 2 , ..., L' 8 are acceptable; if the error described in step 3.2) is greater than 10%, or If any value in does not meet the requirements, it is considered that the design parameters obtained after optimization are L′ 1 , L′ 2 , ..., L′ 8 are unacceptable, and the optimization process needs to be corrected.

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Abstract

一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,属于燃料组件设计领域。该方法以燃料组件为研究对象,针对燃料组件在流、固、热多学科耦合工况下结构的优化需求和试验设计效率低的问题,通过确定合适的优化设计参数,建立近似模型,同时结合优化算法,基于ISIGHT的快速优化特点,实现含有多条窄流道的片状燃料组件结构优化设计,能够有效解决该结构温度分布不均匀的问题。该方法基于ISIGHT集成NX、ICEM CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS搭建联合仿真平台,在多次计算中不需要反复手动对软件进行操作设置,在满足设计需求的同时可以大幅度节约时间成本,缩短优化周期,具有稳定、高效的特点。

Description

一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法 技术领域
本发明属于燃料组件设计领域,涉及一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,用于在满足设计要求的同时也可以提高燃料组件结构的优化效率,适用于各种片状燃料组件机械结构的优化。
背景技术
燃料组件是核反应堆的核心部件,其性能直接影响了核反应堆的正常工作,然而其工作环境尤为苛刻,长期处于高温、高压、高流速冷却液冲刷的工作条件下,严重影响了燃料组件的安全性、可靠性。因此,在流、固、热特性对燃料组件工作性能有重要影响的情况下,研发一种适用多学科耦合工况下结构设计的新型优化方法,对保证燃料组件正常工作、提高使用寿命方面具有重要意义。
发明专利CN201910166484.X提出了一种燃料组件的定位格架优化方法及装置,但其优化过程没有考虑燃料组件多学科耦合作用的工作状态,且优化方法没有经过周密的对比验证。
传统的优化方法通常是通过试验设计的方法完成的,这种方法虽然能够在一定程度上提高优化效率,但是其设计变量的选择是离散的,无法精确的寻找到最优解。本发明在试验设计的基础上,采用近似模型技术,可以较好的解决传统优化方法所带来的不足,可以更加准确的寻找最优解。并且,采用一种基于ISIGHT联合仿真的优化方法可以大大缩短因为不断手动调整更新几何模型、手动设置数值仿真计算参数所带来的时间成本高昂的缺点,可以大大缩短优化周期。
该燃料组件是通过冷却介质快速流动的方式对燃料组件进行冷却散热,该燃料组件的燃料芯体发热功率分布不均匀,各个流道的宽度对燃料芯体的散热有十分重要的影响,故本发明选取各个流道的宽度作为设计参数,将NX、ICEM CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS集成在优化软件ISIGHT中,实现一种燃料组件结构优化的联合仿真平台,在试验设计的基础上通过构建近似模型的方式对燃料组件进行优化设计,从而得到最优的流道尺寸。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是:克服传统优化方法无法精确的寻找到最优解的缺陷,同时克服不断手动调整几何模型、设置数值仿真计算参数所带来的时间成本高昂,优化效率低下的问题,提出一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,用于提高燃料组件在流、固、热多学科耦合的复杂工况下结构设计的优化效率,适用于各种片状燃料组件机械结构的优化。
本发明解决上述问题采用的技术方案是:
一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,该方法以燃料组件为研究对象, 针对燃料组件在流、固、热多学科耦合工况下结构的优化需求和试验设计(DOE)效率低的问题,通过确定合适的优化设计参数,利用克里金法(Kriging)建立近似模型,同时结合利用自适应模拟退火法(ASA)、多岛遗传算法(MIGA)、霍克-基维斯直接搜索法(Hooke-Jeeves)、连续二次规划法(NLPQLP)、广义约简梯度法(LSGRG)等优化算法的方式,基于ISIGHT的快速优化特点,实现了含有多条窄流道的片状燃料组件结构优化设计,有效解决了该结构温度分布不均匀的问题。
所述燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法包括如下步骤:
第一步,基于ISIGHT软件集成NX、ICEM CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS搭建燃料组件联合仿真平台,该仿真平台内包括几何模型更新模块、网格更新模块、流动传热计算模块、固体力学计算模块、数据处理模块具体如下:
1.1)在NX中建立燃料组件的几何模型,该几何模型共包括8个流道、7个燃料芯体、7个铝包层、1个齿板。对燃料组件8个流道宽度的尺寸进行参数化设置,导出.EXP格式的NX表达式文件,录制.VB格式的NX操作记录文件,输出格式为.STP的几何模型文件;
1.2)建立利用NX执行几何模型更新模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,将步骤1.1)得到的.EXP格式的NX表达式文件中的流道宽度参数写入ISIGHT作为设计参数,驱动NX进行几何模型更新,输出更新后的格式为.STP通用几何模型文件,实现ISIGHT和NX两个软件之间的集成。
1.3)将ICEM CFD网格划分流程保存为.RPL格式的宏文件;
1.4)建立利用ICEM CFD执行网格更新模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,读取格式为.STP通用三维几何模型文件,驱动ICEM CFD进行网格更新,输出更新后的格式为.MSH的网格文件,实现ISIGHT和ICEM CFD两个软件之间的集成。
1.5)将FLUENT流动传热计算过程保存为.JOU格式的宏文件;
1.6)建立利用FLUENT执行流动传热数值计算模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,读取格式为.MSH文件的网格文件、格式为.C的UDF文件,驱动FLUENT进行流动传热数值计算,将求解计算完成后的数据储存在格式为.VRP的文本文件中,实现ISIGHT和FLUENT两个软件之间的集成。其中,共包括4个.VRP文本文件,其一储存着各个流道的综合指标R i(i=1,2,...,8),其二储存着各个燃料芯体的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000001
其三储存着各个铝包层的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000002
其四储存着各个流道壁面的最大流体静压P i(i=1,2,...,8)。
1.7)基于ISIGHT软件集成CALCULATOR组件,建立数据处理模块,利用该组件中的 max、stdDev、sum函数对步骤1.6提取的数据R i
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000003
P i进行处理,计算以下数据:
所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000004
所有燃料芯体最高节点温度标准差
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000005
所有铝包层的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000006
所有流道的壁面最大流体静压P max,P max=max(P 1,P 2,...,P 8);
各个流道综合指标平均值R av,R av=(sum(R 1,R 2,...,R 8))/8。
1.8)将ABAQUS固体力学计算过程保存为.PY格式的宏文件;
1.9)建立利用ABAQUS执行固体力学计算模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,将经过CALCULATOR组件计算得到的所有流道的壁面最大流体静压P max与所有铝包层的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000007
写入ISIGHT作为中间变量传输给ABAQUS,读取格式为.STP的三维几何模型文件,驱动ABAQUS进行固体力学计算,将求解计算完成后的数据储存在格式为.TXT的文本文件中,实现ISIGHT和ABAQUS两个软件之间的集成。.TXT文本文件中储存着各个燃料芯体最大Mises等效应力
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000008
齿板最大Mises等效应力S θ、各个铝包层最大Mises等效应力
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000009
1.10)基于ISIGHT软件集成CALCULATOR组件,建立数据处理模块,利用该组件中的max函数对步骤1.9所提取的数据
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000010
S θ
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000011
进行处理,计算以下数据:
燃料组件整体最大Mises应力S max,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000012
第二步,确定优化模型的设计参数、优化目标、约束条件,选取合适的试验设计方法、近似模型、优化算法,具体如下:
2.1)所述设计参数的选取为各个流道的宽度L i(i=1,2,...,8),,其原因是燃料组件的燃料芯体发热功率分布不均匀,各个流道的宽度对燃料芯体的散热有十分重要的影响,需要确定对燃料组件散热最有效的流道宽度。
2.2)如前所述,燃料芯体发热功率分布不均匀,这种不均匀性将导致燃料芯体温度分布的不均匀,各个燃料芯体之间的温度梯度过大将会大大缩减燃料组件整体的使用寿命,我们通常使用标准差来描述数据分布的不均匀性,故所述优化目标的选取通过函数描述为:
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000013
其中:
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000014
为各个燃料芯体最高节点温度标准差,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000015
为第i个燃 料芯体的最高节点温度,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000016
为各个燃料芯体最高节点温度的平均值,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000017
L 1,L 2,...,L 8为各个流道的宽度;
2.3)除燃料芯体温度分布不均会对燃料组件使用寿命有重要影响外,各个流道的综合指标平均值R av、燃料组件整体最大Mises应力S max、所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000018
对使用寿命也有一定影响,并希望R av尽可能大、S max尽可能小、
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000019
尽可能小,但以上三个指标的影响相对
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000020
而言较小,可将R av、S max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000021
设定为约束条件。此外,由燃料组件的放置空间条件限制,各个流道的宽度也应作为约束。
所述约束条件描述为:
-R av≤-R 0
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000022
S max≤S 0
2≤L 1,L 2...,L 8≤3
其中:
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000023
为所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度;S max为燃料组件流-热-力耦合作用下最大Mises等效应力;R 0为各个流道平均综合指标最低许用值;T 0为燃料组件最高许用温度;S 0为燃料组件最高许用应力。
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000024
表示各个流道综合指标平均值;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000025
表示第个流道的综合指标,Nu i为第i个流道的努赛尔数,Nu 0为参考流道的努赛尔数,f i表示第i个流道的达西摩擦系数,f 0表示参考流道的达西摩擦系数;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000026
Δp i为第i个流道出入口压降(Pa),D i为第 i个流道水力直径(m),ρ i为第 i个流道中冷却液的平均密度(kg/m 3),U i为第i个流道入口速度(m/s),L为各个流道的长度(m);
2.4)所述试验设计方法选取为“拉丁超立方”试验设计方法,这种方法能够保证每一个设计变量(L 1,L 2,...,L 8)选取范围的全覆盖。进行试验设计的目的是选取不同的设计参数组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000027
并计算每一组设计参数组合下的
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000028
等值,每组设计参数组合与计算所得的
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000029
等值为一个样本。所述的样本数量选定为80,即j=1,2,...,80。所述试验设计所选取的设计参数组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000030
为离散数据,所述试验设计确定不同的样本是保证近似模型建立准确的关键前提。
2.5)所述的近似模型是在采用“拉丁超立方”试验设计方法选定80组样本后,基于以上样本所建立的,所述近似模型的用途是将离散的设计变量“连续化”,用于后续利用优化算
法预测最优解。所述近似模型选取Kriging近似模型,所述的Kriging近似模型在10个以内设计参数时具有较好的近似效果,所述的近似模型采用R 2验证近似模型的准确性。
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000031
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000032
表示回归平方和;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000033
表示总平方和;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000034
为响应的平均值;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000035
为在设计点上的预测值;y i为响应真实值;k为样本点个数。
2.6)所述优化算法是在建立Kriging近似模型后预测最优值的一种计算方法,所述优化算法选取“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”,所述的“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”是一种全局寻优算法,可以有效避免寻优结果陷入局部最优解。所述的最优解是利用“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”得到的一组设计参数预测值L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,在L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8设计参数下所对应的R′ av、S′ max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000036
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000037
亦是预测值,2≤L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8≤3,且L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是区间[2,3]之间任意实数,未必属于试验设计选取的组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000038
第三步,第一步和第二步均准备完毕后,运行燃料组件联合仿真平台进行相关的优化操作,将利用优化算法得到的L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8对应的预测值
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000039
与经数值计算得到L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8对应的实际值
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000040
进行对比,分析优化后燃料组件的性能。具体如下:
3.1)以“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”寻优后得到一组预测的最优设计参数L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,在该组设计参数下,与其对应的R′ av、S′ max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000041
满足-R′ av≤R 0、S′ max≤S 0
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000042
为近似模型中的最小值。
3.2)如步骤1.1)所述,各个流道的宽度已经被参数化,故将各个流道的宽度分别设置为L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,依次执行几何模型更新模块、网格更新模块、流动传热计算模块、固体力学计算模块、数据处理模块,得到在设计参数为L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8时的真实计算数据
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000044
等。
3.3)判断
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000045
数据是否满足
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000046
并计算
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000047
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000048
之间的误差σ,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000049
3.4)步骤3.3)中所述的误差σ若小于10%,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000050
均满足要求,则认为优化后所得到的设计参数是L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是可以接受的;若步骤3.2)中所述的误差大于10%,或者
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000051
中任意数值不满足要求则认为优化后所得到的设计参数是L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是无法接受的,需要对优化流程进行修正。
3.5)所述的优化流程修正是通过增加试验设计样本的方式进行的,即在之前80组样本 的基础上新增样本,重构近似模型,重新利用优化算法进行寻优,重新将算法预测值与实际计算值比较,直到符合步骤3.2)、3.3)得标准为止。
本发明与现有技术相比,至少具有如下的有益效果:
(1)本发明采用了基于ISIGHT联合仿真的燃料组件优化方法设计方法,充分发挥了NX、ICME CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS在各自领域的优势,在优化求解时相较于手动调整更新几何模型、设置数值仿真计算参数可以极大缩短时间成本,利用近似模型优化的方法亦可以提高优化设计的准确性和可靠性。
(2)本发明在建立近似模型后通过误差分析得到
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000052
R av
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000053
S max的R 2误差分别为0.99806、0.99725、0.91674、0.98714,表明拟合度很好,可以用近似模型代替真实模型用于优化。
(3)本发明采用了多岛遗传算法(Multi-Island GA)优化算法,将各个优化算法的预测结果R′ av、S′ max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000054
与实际计算结果
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000055
进行验证,可以有效避免寻优算法得到的预测值陷入局部最优解、优化结果不可靠等问题。
(4)本发明通过基于ISIGHT联合仿真的燃料组件优化方法设计方法进行数字计算验证,可以为实验提供响应的理论依据,降低因盲目实验而带来的过高的实验成本,可以提高片状燃料组件的整体性能。
附图说明
图1(a)为本发明的燃料组件三维模型示意图;
图1(b)为燃料组件截面图;
图2为本发明的方法流程图;
图3为ISIGHT联合仿真优化平台搭建图;
图4为本发明的Multi-Island GA优化过程图;
图中:1流体域;2燃料芯体;3齿板;4铝包层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式进一步说明本发明,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。本发明不应局限于本实施例,其余利用本方法而实现的多学科耦合优化设计都在本发明的保护范围之内。
图1为本发明的燃料组件三维模型示意图,包括流体域1、燃料芯体2、齿板3、铝包层4。其中燃料芯体内置于铝包层芯部;铝包层通过齿板卡槽进行固定;流体域中的流体介质从铝包层之间的流道快速流动而达到冷却降温的作用。
图2为基于ISIGHT联合仿真的燃料组件结构优化设计方法流程图。根据燃料组件优化设计的实际情况,通过ISIGHT集成NX、ICEM CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS搭建联合仿真平 台。NX可以通过参数化建模使燃料组件的尺寸和特征参数化,其输出格式为.STP的通用三维几何模型文件,ICME CFD可对三维几何模型进行网格划分,其输出格式为.MSH的网格文件;FLUENT可对.MSH网格文件进行网格装配,并对冷却介质的流动散热情况进行数值仿真计算,并将计算完成后的流体静压、温度等数据输出在格式为.VRP的文件中,供ABAQUS进行数据输入;ABAQUS可基于FLUENT输出的流体静压、温度等数据对燃料组件齿板、铝包层、燃料芯体等固体部分进行数值仿真计算,输出固体部分的最大Mises应力在格式为.TXT文件中。在联合仿真平台搭建完成后,确定设计参数、优化目标、约束条件,而后通过试验设计(DOE)选取样本点,在试验设计的基础上建立近似模型,并用R 2检验近似模型精度,若其精度满足要求则用优化算法进行寻优预测,若其精度不满足要求则需要确定新的样本点,重新构建近似模型直到R 2检验合格为止。在优化算法寻优完成后,要判断其预测的优化结果与实际计算结果是否满足相关要求,若满足要求则说明优化结果是可取的,若不满足要求则需要确定新的样本点,重新构建近似模型,在R 2检验合格的基础上直到预测的优化结果与实际计算结果是否满足相关要求为止。
图3为基于ISIGHT联合仿真的燃料组件结构设计优化方法优化平台搭建图,其中包括模型更新1、模型更新2、网格更新1、网格更新2、网格更新3、网格更新4、流动传热、固体力学8个SIMCODE组件,数据处理1、数据处理2两个计算器组件,Optimization优化组件。其中SIMCODE组件分别用于驱动NX进行几何模型更新、驱动ICEM CFD进行网格划分、驱动FLUENT进行流动传热数值计算、驱动ABAQUS进行固体力学仿真计算;数据处理1、数据处理2分别用于处理FLUENT与ABAQUS所输出的数据;Optimization用来建立近似模型并通过优化算法进行寻优。
图4为多岛遗传算法(Multi-Island GA)寻优算法的寻优历程,该算法为全局优化算法,寻优过程共迭代27000次。
表1为该发明数据映射关系图,其具体表明了L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000056
L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000057
R′ av、S′ max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000058
之间的关系。
表1 本发明的数据映射关系图
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000059
表2为每种格式文件所对应的用途,包括三维几何文件、网格文件、批处理文件、宏文件、数据文件等不同的类型。
表2 各文件格式及用途
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000060
表3为优化前后数据结果对比,由该表可得出各个指标的改善情况。
表3
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000061
参照图1至图4,一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,共包括如下步骤:
第一步,基于ISIGHT软件集成NX、ICEM CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS搭建燃料组件联合仿真平台,该仿真平台内包括几何模型更新模块、网格更新模块、流动传热计算模块、固 体力学计算模块、数据处理模块具体如下:
1.1)在NX中建立燃料组件的几何模型,该几何模型共包括8个流道,7个燃料芯体,7个铝包层,1个齿板。对燃料组件8个流道宽度的尺寸进行参数化设置,导出.EXP格式的NX表达式文件,录制.VB格式的NX操作记录文件,输出格式为.STP的几何模型文件;
1.2)建立利用NX执行几何模型更新模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,将步骤1.1)得到的.EXP格式的NX表达式文件中的流道宽度参数写入ISIGHT作为设计参数,驱动NX进行几何模型更新,输出更新后的格式为.STP通用几何模型文件,实现ISIGHT和NX两个软件之间的集成。
1.3)将ICEM CFD网格划分流程保存为.RPL格式的宏文件;
1.4)建立利用ICEM CFD执行网格更新模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,读取格式为.STP通用三维几何模型文件,驱动ICEM CFD进行网格更新,输出更新后的格式为.MSH的网格文件,实现ISIGHT和ICEM CFD两个软件之间的集成。
1.5)将FLUENT流动传热计算过程保存为.JOU格式的宏文件;
1.6)建立利用FLUENT执行流动传热数值计算模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,读取格式为.MSH文件的网格文件、格式为.C的UDF文件,驱动FLUENT进行流动传热数值计算,将求解计算完成后的数据储存在格式为.VRP的文本文件中,实现ISIGHT和FLUENT两个软件之间的集成。其中,共包括4个.VRP文本文件,其一储存着各个流道的综合指标R i(i=1,2,...,8),其二储存着各个燃料芯体的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000062
其三储存着各个铝包层的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000063
其四储存着各个流道壁面的最大流体静压P i(i=1,2,...,8)。
1.7)基于ISIGHT软件集成CALCULATOR组件,建立数据处理模块,利用该组件中的max、stdDev、sum函数对步骤1.6提取的数据R i
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000064
P i进行处理,计算以下数据:
所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000065
所有燃料芯体最高节点温度标准差
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000066
所有铝包层的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000067
所有流道的壁面最大流体静压P max,P max=max(P 1,P 2,...,P 8);
各个流道综合指标平均值R av,R av=(sum(R 1,R 2,...,R 8))/8。
1.8)将ABAQUS固体力学计算过程保存为.PY格式的宏文件;
1.9)建立利用ABAQUS执行固体力学计算模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,将经过CALCULATOR组件计算得到的所有流道的壁面最大 流体静压P max与所有铝包层的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000068
写入ISIGHT作为中间变量传输给ABAQUS,读取格式为.STP的三维几何模型文件,驱动ABAQUS进行固体力学计算,将求解计算完成后的数据储存在格式为.TXT的文本文件中,实现ISIGHT和ABAQUS两个软件之间的集成。.TXT文本文件中储存着各个燃料芯体最大Mises等效应力
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000069
齿板最大Mises等效应力S θ、各个铝包层最大Mises等效应力
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000070
1.10)基于ISIGHT软件集成CALCULATOR组件,建立数据处理模块,利用该组件中的max函数对步骤1.9所提取的数据
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000071
S θ
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000072
进行处理,计算以下数据:
燃料组件整体最大Mises应力S max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000073
第二步,确定优化模型的设计参数、优化目标、约束条件,选取合适的试验设计方法、近似模型、优化算法,具体如下:
2.1)所述设计参数的选取为各个流道的宽度L i(i=1,2,...,8),,其原因是燃料组件的燃料芯体发热功率分布不均匀,各个流道的宽度对燃料芯体的散热有十分重要的影响,需要确定对燃料组件散热最有效的流道宽度。
2.2)如前所述,燃料芯体发热功率分布不均匀,这种不均匀性将导致燃料芯体温度分布的不均匀,各个燃料芯体之间的温度梯度过大将会大大缩减燃料组件整体的使用寿命,我们通常使用标准差来描述数据分布的不均匀性,故所述优化目标的选取通过函数描述为:
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000074
其中:
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000075
为各个燃料芯体最高节点温度标准差,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000076
为第i个燃料芯体的最高节点温度,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000077
为各个燃料芯体最高节点温度的平均值,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000078
L 1,L 2,...,L 8为各个流道的宽度;
2.3)除燃料芯体温度分布不均会对燃料组件使用寿命有重要影响外,各个流道的综合指标平均值R av、燃料组件整体最大Mises应力S max、所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000079
对使用寿命也有一定影响,并希望R av尽可能大、S max尽可能小、
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000080
尽可能小,但以上三个指标的影响相对
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000081
而言较小,可将R av、S max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000082
设定为约束条件。此外,由燃料组件的放置空间条件限制,各个流道的宽度也应作为约束。
所述约束条件描述为:
-R av≤-R 0
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000083
S max≤S 0
2≤L 1,L 2...,L 8≤3
其中:
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000084
为所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度;S max为燃料组件流-热-力耦合作用下最大Mises等效应力;R 0为各个流道平均综合指标最低许用值;T 0为燃料组件最高许用温度;S 0为燃料组件最高许用应力。
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000085
表示各个流道综合指标平均值;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000086
表示第个流道的综合指标,Nu i为第i个流道的努赛尔数,Nu 0为参考流道的努赛尔数,f i表示第i个流道的达西摩擦系数,f 0表示参考流道的达西摩擦系数;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000087
Δp i为第i个流道出入口压降(Pa),D i为第i个流道水力直径(m),ρ i为第 i个流道中冷却液的平均密度(kg/m 3),U i为第i个流道入口速度(m/s),L为各个流道的长度(m);
2.4)所述试验设计方法选取为“拉丁超立方”试验设计方法,这种方法能够保证每一个设计变量(L 1,L 2,...,L 8)选取范围的全覆盖。进行试验设计的目的是选取不同的设计参数组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000088
并计算每一组设计参数组合下的
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000089
等值,每组设计参数组合与计算所得的
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000090
等值为一个样本。所述的样本数量选定为80,即j=1,2,...,80。所述试验设计所选取的设计参数组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000091
为离散数据,所述试验设计确定不同的样本是保证近似模型建立准确的关键前提。表3为“拉丁超立方”试验设计方法确定的初始80组设计参数组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000092
表4
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000093
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000094
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000095
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000096
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000097
2.5)所述的近似模型是在采用“拉丁超立方”试验设计方法选定80组样本后,基于以上样本所建立的,所述近似模型的用途是将离散的设计变量“连续化”,用于后续利用优化算法预测最优解。所述近似模型选取Kriging近似模型,所述的Kriging近似模型在10个以内设计参数时具有较好的近似效果,所述的近似模型采用R 2验证近似模型的准确性。
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000098
其中,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000099
表示回归平方和;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000100
表示总平方和;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000101
为响应的平均值;
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000102
为在设计点上的预测值;y i为响应真实值;k为样本点个数。
2.6)所述优化算法是在建立Kriging近似模型后预测最优值的一种计算方法,所述优化算法选取“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”,所述的“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”是一种全局寻优算法,可以有效避免寻优结果陷入局部最优解。所述的最优解是利用“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”得到的一组设计参数预测值L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,在L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8设计参数下所对应的R′ av、S′ max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000103
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000104
亦是预测值,2≤L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8≤3,且L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是区间[2,3]之间任意实数,未必属于试验设计选取的组合
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000105
第三步,第一步和第二步均准备完毕后,运行燃料组件联合仿真平台进行相关的优化操作,将利用优化算法得到的L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8对应的预测值
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000106
与经数值计算得到L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8对应的实际值
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000107
进行对比,分析优化后燃料组件的性能。具体如下:
3.1)以“多岛遗传算法(MIGA)”寻优后得到一组预测的最优设计参数L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,在该组设计参数下,与其对应的R′ av、S′ max
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000108
满足-R′ av≤R 0、S′ max≤S 0
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000109
为近似模型中的最小值。
3.2)如步骤1.1)所述,各个流道的宽度已经被参数化,故将各个流道的宽度分别设置为L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,依次执行几何模型更新模块、网格更新模块、流动传热计算模块、固体力学 计算模块、数据处理模块,得到在设计参数为L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8时的真实计算数据
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000110
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000111
等。
3.3)判断
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000112
数据是否满足
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000113
并计算
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000114
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000115
之间的误差σ,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000116
3.4)步骤3.3)中所述的误差σ若小于10%,
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000117
均满足要求,则认为优化后所得到的设计参数是L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是可以接受的;若步骤3.2)中所述的误差大于10%,或者
Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-000118
中任意数值不满足要求则认为优化后所得到的设计参数是L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是无法接受的,需要对优化流程进行修正。
3.5)所述的优化流程修正是通过增加试验设计样本的方式进行的,即在之前80组样本的基础上新增样本,重构近似模型,重新利用优化算法进行寻优,重新将算法预测值与实际计算值比较,直到符合步骤3.2)、3.3)得标准为止。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    第一步,集成NX、ICEM CFD、FLUENT、ABAQUS搭建燃料组件联合仿真平台,该仿真平台内包括几何模型更新模块、网格更新模块、流动传热计算模块、固体力学计算模块、数据处理模块,具体如下:
    1.1)在NX中建立燃料组件的几何模型,该几何模型共包括8个流道、7个燃料芯体、7个铝包层、1个齿板;对燃料组件8个流道宽度的尺寸进行参数化设置,导出.EXP格式的NX表达式文件,录制.VB格式的NX操作记录文件,输出格式为.STP的几何模型文件;
    1.2)建立利用NX执行几何模型更新模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,将步骤1.1)得到的.EXP格式的NX表达式文件中的流道宽度参数写入ISIGHT作为设计参数,驱动NX进行几何模型更新,输出更新后的格式为.STP通用几何模型文件,实现ISIGHT和NX之间的集成;
    1.3)将ICEM CFD网格划分流程保存为.RPL格式的宏文件;
    1.4)建立利用ICEM CFD执行网格更新模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,读取格式为.STP通用三维几何模型文件,驱动ICEM CFD进行网格更新,输出更新后的格式为.MSH的网格文件,实现ISIGHT和ICEM CFD两个软件之间的集成;
    1.5)将FLUENT流动传热计算过程保存为.JOU格式的宏文件;
    1.6)建立利用FLUENT执行流动传热数值计算模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,读取格式为.MSH文件的网格文件、格式为.C的UDF文件,驱动FLUENT进行流动传热数值计算,将求解计算完成后的数据储存在格式为.VRP的文本文件中,实现ISIGHT和FLUENT两个软件之间的集成;其中,共包括4个.VRP文本文件,储存以下内容:各个流道的综合指标R i(i=1,2,...,8)、各个燃料芯体的最高节点温度
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100001
    (i=1,2,...,7)、各个铝包层的最高节点温度
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100002
    各个流道壁面的最大流体静压P i(i=1,2,...,8);
    1.7)集成CALCULATOR组件,建立数据处理模块,利用该组件中的max、stdDev、sum函数对步骤1.6提取的数据R i
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100003
    P i进行处理,计算以下数据:
    所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100004
    所有燃料芯体最高节点温度标准差
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100005
    所有铝包层的最高节点温度
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100006
    所有流道的壁面最大流体静压P max,P max=max(P 1,P 2,...,P 8);
    各个流道综合指标平均值R av,R av=(sum(R 1,R 2,...,R 8))/8;
    1.8)将ABAQUS固体力学计算过程保存为.PY格式的宏文件;
    1.9)建立利用ABAQUS执行固体力学计算模块的批处理文件,并将该批处理文件导入ISIGHT通用组件SIMCODE中,将经过CALCULATOR组件计算得到的所有流道的壁面最大流体静压P max与所有铝包层的最高节点温度
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100007
    写入ISIGHT作为中间变量传输给ABAQUS,读取格式为.STP的三维几何模型文件,驱动ABAQUS进行固体力学计算,将求解计算完成后的数据储存在格式为.TXT的文本文件中,实现ISIGHT和ABAQUS两个软件之间的集成;.TXT文本文件中储存:各个燃料芯体最大Mises等效应力
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100008
    齿板最大Mises等效应力S θ、各个铝包层最大Mises等效应力
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100009
    1.10)集成CALCULATOR组件,建立数据处理模块,利用该组件中的max函数对步骤1.9所提取的数据
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100010
    S θ
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100011
    进行处理,计算以下数据:
    燃料组件整体最大Mises应力S max
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100012
    第二步,确定优化模型的设计参数、优化目标、约束条件,选取合适的试验设计方法、近似模型、优化算法,具体如下:
    2.1)所述设计参数为各个流道的宽度L i(i=1,2,...,8);
    2.2)所述优化目标通过函数描述为:
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100013
    其中:
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100014
    为各个燃料芯体最高节点温度标准差,
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100015
    为第i个燃料芯体的最高节点温度,
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100016
    为各个燃料芯体最高节点温度的平均值,
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100017
    L 1,L 2,...,L 8为各个流道的宽度;
    2.3)所述约束条件为R av、S max
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100018
    各个流道的宽度;
    所述约束条件描述为:
    -R av≤-R 0
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100019
    S max≤S 0
    2≤L 1,L 2...,L 8≤3
    其中:
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100020
    为所有燃料芯体的最高节点温度;S max为燃料组件流-热-力耦合作用下最大Mises等效应力;R 0为各个流道平均综合指标最低许用值;T 0为燃料组件最高许用温度;S 0为燃料 组件最高许用应力;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100021
    表示各个流道综合指标平均值;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100022
    表示第i个流道的综合指标,Nu i为第i个流道的努赛尔数,Nu 0为参考流道的努赛尔数,f i表示第i个流道的达西摩擦系数,f 0表示参考流道的达西摩擦系数;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100023
    Δp i为第i个流道出入口压降(Pa),D i为第i个流道水力直径(m),ρ i为第i个流道中冷却液的平均密度(kg/m 3),U i为第i个流道入口速度(m/s),L为各个流道的长度(m);
    2.4)采用试验设计方法选取不同的设计参数组合
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100024
    并计算每一组设计参数组合下的
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100025
    等值,每组设计参数组合与计算所得的
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100026
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100027
    等值为一个样本;
    2.5)所述的近似模型是在采用步骤2.4)试验设计方法选定样本后,基于以上样本所建立的,将离散的设计变量“连续化”,用于后续利用优化算法预测最优解;
    2.6)所述优化算法要求能够有效避免寻优结果陷入局部最优解,最优解是利用优化算法得到的一组设计参数预测值L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,其中2≤L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8≤3;在L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8设计参数下所对应的R′ av、S′ max
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100028
    亦是预测值,;
    第三步,运行燃料组件联合仿真平台,进行优化操作,将利用优化算法得到的L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8对应的预测值
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100029
    与经数值计算得到L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8对应的实际值
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100030
    进行对比,分析优化后燃料组件的性能;具体如下:
    3.1)以步骤2.6)优化算法寻优后得到一组预测的最优设计参数L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,在该组设计参数下,与其对应的R′ av、S′ max
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100031
    满足-R′ av≤R 0、S′ max≤S 0
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100032
    为近似模型中的最小值;
    3.2)将各个流道的宽度分别设置为L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8,依次执行几何模型更新模块、网格更新模块、流动传热计算模块、固体力学计算模块、数据处理模块,得到在设计参数为L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8时的真实计算数据
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100033
    3.3)判断
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100034
    数据是否满足
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100035
    并计算
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100036
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100037
    之间的误差σ,
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100038
    3.4)步骤3.3)中所述的误差σ若小于10%,
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100039
    均满足要求,则认为优化后所得到的设计参数是L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是可以接受的;若步骤3.2)中所述的误差大于10%, 或者
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100040
    中任意数值不满足要求则认为优化后所得到的设计参数是L′ 1,L′ 2,...,L′ 8是无法接受的,需要对优化流程进行修正;
    3.5)所述的优化流程修正是通过增加试验设计样本的方式进行的,即在之前样本的基础上新增样本,重构近似模型,重新利用优化算法进行寻优,重新将算法预测值与实际计算值比较,直到符合步骤3.2)、3.3)得标准为止。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,其特征在于,步骤2.4)中所述试验设计方法为“拉丁超立方”试验设计方法。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,其特征在于,步骤2.5)中,所述近似模型选取Kriging近似模型,所述的近似模型采用R 2验证近似模型的准确性;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100041
    其中,
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100042
    表示回归平方和;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100043
    表示总平方和;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100044
    为响应的平均值;
    Figure PCTCN2021122533-appb-100045
    为在设计点上的预测值;y i为响应真实值;k为样本点个数。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于联合仿真的燃料组件多学科结构设计优化方法,其特征在于,步骤2.6)中,所述优化算法选取多岛遗传算法MIGA。
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