WO2022253128A1 - 用于无线通信的电子设备和方法、计算机可读存储介质 - Google Patents

用于无线通信的电子设备和方法、计算机可读存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022253128A1
WO2022253128A1 PCT/CN2022/095532 CN2022095532W WO2022253128A1 WO 2022253128 A1 WO2022253128 A1 WO 2022253128A1 CN 2022095532 W CN2022095532 W CN 2022095532W WO 2022253128 A1 WO2022253128 A1 WO 2022253128A1
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Prior art keywords
base station
lis
electronic device
user equipment
station side
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PCT/CN2022/095532
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沈弘
吴志坤
孙晨
Original Assignee
索尼集团公司
沈弘
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Application filed by 索尼集团公司, 沈弘 filed Critical 索尼集团公司
Priority to CN202280037581.9A priority Critical patent/CN117413470A/zh
Publication of WO2022253128A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022253128A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/046—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
    • H04B7/0473—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account taking constraints in layer or codeword to antenna mapping into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/04013—Intelligent reflective surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0868—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining
    • H04B7/088—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • H04B7/1555—Selecting relay station antenna mode, e.g. selecting omnidirectional -, directional beams, selecting polarizations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to beam training in wireless communication assisted by a large intelligent surface (LIS). More particularly, it relates to an electronic device and method for wireless communication and a computer-readable storage medium.
  • LIS large intelligent surface
  • LIS is an artificial electromagnetic material composed of a large number of passive reflective elements, which can flexibly control the direction of the reflected beam by setting the phase of the reflective elements, so as to obtain an ideal electromagnetic propagation environment with limited power consumption.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a LIS-based auxiliary communication mode.
  • LIS-assisted wireless communication beam training needs to be performed on the direct link between the base station and user equipment and the reflective link between the base station and user equipment via LIS, which causes a large training overhead.
  • an electronic device for wireless communication including: a processing circuit configured to: determine the first transmit beam direction at the base station side of the direct link of the base station for the user equipment and the direction of the first transmit beam of the base station for the LIS The second transmit beam direction of the base station side of the reflective link; based on the first transmit beam direction of the base station side and the second transmit beam direction of the base station side, determine the first scanning range of the reflective beam of the reflective link of the user equipment for the LIS and the user equipment. receiving a second scan range of the beam; and performing control to perform beam training of a reflected link between the LIS and the user equipment based on the first scan range and the second scan range.
  • a method for wireless communication including: determining the first base station side transmit beam direction of the base station for the direct link of the user equipment and the base station side first transmit beam direction of the base station for the LIS reflective link Two transmit beam directions: based on the first transmit beam direction on the base station side and the second transmit beam direction on the base station side, determine the first scan range of the reflected beam of the reflective link of the user equipment and the second scan range of the receive beam of the user equipment by the LIS ; and performing control to perform beam training of the reflection link between the LIS and the user equipment based on the first scan range and the second scan range.
  • an electronic device for wireless communication including: a processing circuit configured to: receive an identification of each receiving beam in a specific scanning range from a base station, and use the receiving beam to receive A reflected beam from the LIS, wherein the received beam and the reflected beam are determined by the base station as one-to-one correspondence; the optimal received beam is determined based on the beam measurement result; and the identification of the optimal received beam is provided to the base station.
  • a method for wireless communication comprising: receiving from a base station an identification of each received beam in a specific scanning range, and using the received beam to receive a reflected beam from an LIS, wherein , the receiving beam and the reflecting beam are determined by the base station as one-to-one correspondence; the optimal receiving beam is determined based on the beam measurement result; and the identification of the optimal receiving beam is provided to the base station.
  • the beam scanning range of the reflective link between the LIS and the user equipment is reduced by using the beam emission direction of the base station relative to the user equipment and the LIS, and the beam training overhead is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an auxiliary communication mode based on LIS
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing functional modules of an electronic device for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of determining the first scanning range and the second scanning range
  • 4 to 6 show schematic diagrams of the process of determining the first transmit beam direction at the base station side by using hierarchical beam training based on a hierarchical codebook
  • Figures 7 to 9 show schematic diagrams of the process of performing beam training on the reflective link between the base station and the LIS using hierarchical beam training based on a hierarchical codebook
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic diagram of determining the second transmit beam direction at the base station side
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a beam pair
  • Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show the schematic diagram of the process of determining the optimal reflection beam of LIS through beam pair scanning
  • Fig. 19 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronic device for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 20 shows a schematic diagram of the information flow between the base station, LIS and UE according to an embodiment of the present application
  • Figure 21 shows a schematic diagram of an example of vertical beam scanning
  • Fig. 22 shows a schematic diagram of the first scanning range and the second scanning range
  • Figure 23 shows a schematic diagram of the first scanning range
  • Fig. 24 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronic device for wireless communication according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 25 shows a flowchart of a method for wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 26 shows a flowchart of a method for wireless communication according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 27 is a block diagram illustrating a first example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the techniques of this disclosure can be applied;
  • FIG. 28 is a block diagram illustrating a second example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the techniques of this disclosure can be applied;
  • 29 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied;
  • FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • FIG. 31 is a block diagram of an exemplary structure of a general-purpose personal computer in which methods and/or apparatuses and/or systems according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
  • the base station needs to assist in realizing the beam scanning of the LIS for channel state measurement, so as to realize the communication between the LIS and the user equipment (User Equipment, UE). Beam training of reflective links between.
  • the exhaustive beam search method it is necessary to search all possible base station transmit beams, LIS reflect beams and UE receive beams, and the beam training overhead is very large.
  • the present application provides a technique capable of reducing training overhead.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 includes: a first determining unit 101 configured to determine the first base station side transmission of the direct link of the base station for the UE. The beam direction and the base station's second transmit beam direction on the base station side of the reflection link of the LIS; the second determination unit 102 is configured to determine the LIS for the UE based on the first transmit beam direction on the base station side and the second transmit beam direction on the base station side A first scan range of a reflected beam of the reflective link and a second scan range of a receive beam of the UE; and a control unit 103 configured to perform control to perform communication between the LIS and the UE based on the first scan range and the second scan range Beam training for reflective links.
  • the first determination unit 101 , the second determination unit 102 and the control unit 103 may be implemented by one or more processing circuits, and the processing circuits may be implemented as a chip or a processor, for example.
  • the processing circuits may be implemented as a chip or a processor, for example.
  • each functional unit in the electronic device shown in FIG. 2 is only a logical module divided according to a specific function realized by it, and is not used to limit a specific implementation manner.
  • the electronic device 100 may be disposed on the base station side or communicably connected to the base station.
  • the base station described in this application may also be a transceiver point (Transmit Receive Point, TRP) or an access point (Access Point, AP).
  • TRP Transmit Receive Point
  • AP Access Point
  • the electronic device 100 may be implemented at the chip level, or may also be implemented at the device level.
  • the electronic device 100 may work as a base station itself, and may also include external devices such as memory, a transceiver (not shown), and the like.
  • the memory can be used to store programs and related data information that the base station needs to execute to implement various functions.
  • the transceiver may include one or more communication interfaces to support communication with different devices (eg, UE, other base stations, etc.), and the implementation form of the transceiver is not specifically limited here.
  • the beam scanning range (namely, the first scanning range and the second scanning range) of the reflective link between the LIS and the UE is narrowed based on the relative positional relationship between the base station, the LIS and the UE, thereby reducing the beam training overhead .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of determining the first scanning range and the second scanning range. in, and represent the departure angle (Angle of Departure) of the first transmit beam on the base station side and the second transmit beam on the base station side respectively
  • the first transmit beam on the base station side is, for example, that the received signal quality transmitted by the base station to the user equipment satisfies the first predetermined condition (for example, at above a predetermined threshold)
  • the second transmitting beam at the base station side is, for example, a transmitting beam whose received signal quality transmitted by the base station to the LIS satisfies a second predetermined condition (for example, above the second predetermined threshold).
  • the first transmit beam on the base station side may be the base station optimal transmit beam for the direct link
  • the second transmit beam on the base station side may be the base station optimal transmit beam for the reflective link.
  • the second determination unit 102 determines the first scan range and the second scan range based on the first transmit beam direction at the base station side and the second transmit beam direction at the base station side according to the geometric positional relationship between the base station, the LIS, and the UE. scope.
  • the first scanning range and the second scanning range are, for example, a group of diagonals of a parallelogram constructed by the base station, LIS and UE respectively.
  • both the first scanning range and the second scanning range have the following angle ranges: the first departure angle corresponding to the first transmit beam direction on the base station side (for example, in the figure )
  • the second departure angle corresponding to the second transmit beam direction on the base station side for example, in the figure )Sum.
  • the LIS and the UE only need to perform beam scanning within the determined first scanning range and the second scanning range, which reduces the number of reflected beams and receiving beams that need to be scanned, and reduces overhead.
  • the first transmit beam direction at the base station side and the second transmit beam direction at the base station side may be determined by the first determining unit 101 .
  • the first determining unit 101 may determine the first transmit beam direction at the base station side by performing beam training on the direct link. For example, the first determining unit 101 determines the optimal transmit beam direction of the base station obtained through beam training as the first transmit beam direction at the base station side.
  • the beam training method may include the aforementioned exhaustive beam search method, which will not be described in detail here.
  • layered beam training based on layered codebooks may also be used to determine the optimal transmit beam direction of the base station, where each codebook layer corresponds to a different beamwidth.
  • FIG. 4 to 6 show schematic diagrams of a process of determining the first transmit beam direction at the base station side by using layered codebook-based layered beam training. It should be understood that Fig. 4 to Fig. 6 are only examples and are not limiting.
  • the base station and UE first use wide beams to perform wide-grained beam training.
  • the UE measures that the beam quality of the transmitted beam C BS,2 is the best, so it sets BSDirectBeam as its identifier 2 and sends it to the base station.
  • the base station then uses the wide beam C BS,2 for transmission and the UE uses the narrow beam for reception, and the UE measures that the beam quality is optimal when using the reception beam C UE,1,3 for reception, so UEDirectBeam is set to Mark 3 for it and send it to the base station.
  • the base station uses narrow beams to transmit and UE uses receiving beams C UE,1,3 to receive, and finally UE measures the best received signal quality for narrow beams C BS,2,2 , so Set BSDirectBeam as its identifier 2 and send it to the base station, and the base station determines the direction of the beam C BS,2,2 as the first transmit beam direction at the base station side based on the identifier.
  • the first transmit beam direction at the base station side may be represented by a beam identifier (or called a beam index).
  • the first determining unit 101 may also determine the second transmit beam direction at the base station side by performing beam training on the reflection link between the base station and the LIS.
  • the beam training method may include the aforementioned exhaustive beam search method or a layered beam training method based on a layered codebook. Since the LIS cannot make measurements and does not have a transmitter to transmit, the LIS cannot feed back any information about the direction of the transmit beam to the base station. However, since the beams used at the LIS are indicated by the base station through the controller, the base station has knowledge of both the base station transmitted beams and the LIS reflected beams. And, the base station also knows the sequence number of the time slot occupied by each pair of the base station transmit beam and the LIS reflect beam.
  • the first determining unit 101 may determine the second transmit beam direction at the base station side based on the time slot sequence number corresponding to when the base station receives the maximum power.
  • the second transmit beam direction at the base station side may also be represented by a beam identifier (or called a beam index).
  • hierarchical beam training based on a hierarchical codebook may also be used, and exemplary processes thereof are shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 .
  • the base station and LIS first use wide beams to perform wide-grained beam training, and the base station measures the maximum received power in time slot 1, thereby determining that the wide transmit beam C BS,1 is optimal.
  • the base station uses the wide beam C BS,1 to transmit and the LIS uses the narrow beam to reflect, and the base station measures the maximum received power in time slot 1 at this time, thereby determining the narrow reflected beam C LIS,1 of the LIS ,2 is optimal.
  • the base station uses a narrow beam for transmission and the LIS uses C LIS,1,2 for reflection, and finally the base station measures the maximum received power in time slot 2 at this time, thereby determining the narrow transmission beam C BS,1 ,2 is optimal, and it is identified as the second transmit beam direction at the base station side.
  • the first determination unit 101 can determine the second transmit beam direction at the base station side based on the geometric position relationship between the base station and the LIS , as shown in Figure 10.
  • the first scanning range and the second scanning range respectively include identifiers of beams to be scanned.
  • the identification can be, for example, a serial number or an index.
  • the set of beam sequence numbers that the LIS needs to scan is
  • ⁇ LIS represents the angular resolution of the reflected beam of LIS
  • ceil() represents the function of rounding up
  • the set of beam numbers that the terminal needs to scan is Among them, ⁇ UE represents the angular resolution of the receiving beam of the UE.
  • the control unit 103 may control the LIS and UE to perform beam training based on the above-mentioned set of beam numbers.
  • the beam training may be an exhaustive beam search method within the above-mentioned set of beam numbers, or a hierarchical beam based on a hierarchical codebook. training method.
  • the layered beam training method here is similar to the layered beam training method described above with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 , the only difference is that the base station controls the reflected beam direction of the LIS through the controller.
  • control unit 103 may also be configured to correspond beams in the first scanning range and beams in the second scanning range one-to-one as beam pairs, and control the LIS and UE to perform beam scanning based on the beam pairs.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a beam pair. Wherein, the reflected beam marked with pair 1 and the received beam marked with pair 1 are a beam pair, and so on. In this way, the beam training overhead can be significantly reduced.
  • the mth beam number pair composed of the LIS reflected beam number and the UE receiving beam number can be expressed as:
  • floor() represents the rounding down function.
  • the base station assigns the reflected beam number and the receiving beam number of each beam pair to the LIS and the UE sequentially through LISReflectBeamInd and UEReflectBeamInd respectively.
  • the UE After the UE completes the measurement of beam pair 1 to beam pair 5, it sets UEReflectbeam as the optimal UE receiving beam sequence number and sends it to the base station, as shown in Figure 12.
  • the base station determines the optimal reflection beam number of the LIS according to the UEReflectbeam and the known beam pair set, and sends it to the LIS controller through signaling LISReflectBeamInd to control the direction of the reflection beam of the LIS, as shown in FIG. 13 .
  • the above-mentioned beam training may also adopt a layered beam training method based on a layered codebook.
  • Fig. 14 to Fig. 18 show the schematic process of the layered beam training.
  • the base station first specifies the LIS wide reflection beam number and the UE wide reception beam number based on the wide beam pair (for example, through LISReflectBeamInd and UEReflectBeamInd respectively).
  • FIG. 14 the base station first specifies the LIS wide reflection beam number and the UE wide reception beam number based on the wide beam pair (for example, through LISReflectBeamInd and UEReflectBeamInd respectively).
  • the UE sets UEReflectbeam as the optimal wide receiving beam sequence number and sends it to the base station.
  • the base station obtains the optimal wide reflection beam number of the LIS according to the received UEReflectbeam and the known wide beam number pair set, and sends it to the LIS controller through the signaling LISReflectBeamInd, and then the LIS sets its reflection according to the signaling beam.
  • narrow beam pair scanning is performed on the basis of the wide beam pair scanning results. After scanning, the UE sets UEReflectbeam as the serial number of the UE's optimal narrow receiving beam, and feeds it back to the base station, as shown in Figure 18.
  • the base station obtains the optimal narrow reflection beam sequence number of the LIS according to the set of UEReflectbeam and known narrow beam sequence number pairs.
  • the base station may send the LIS optimal narrow reflection beam sequence number to the LIS controller through signaling LISReflectBeamInd, so that the LIS sets its reflection beam according to the signaling.
  • the optimal beam pair for the reflective link between the LIS and the UE is finally found. Through this method, the beam training overhead can be further reduced.
  • FIG. 19 shows another block diagram of functional modules of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 100 also includes a communication unit 104 configured to execute Interact with various information between LIS and UE.
  • the communication unit 104 is configured to send signaling to the LIS indicating the operation mode of the LIS, for example, the operation mode of the LIS includes off and on.
  • the communication unit 104 sends a signaling indicating turning off to the LIS to determine the first transmit beam direction on the base station side, and sends a signaling indicating turning on to the LIS to determine the second transmitting beam direction on the base station side and the LIS Beam training of reflective link with UE.
  • the communication unit 104 is further configured to obtain the identification (for example, serial number) of the optimal transmit beam of the base station for the direct link from the UE, and the first determining unit 101 Determine a first transmit beam direction at the base station side based on the optimal transmit beam of the base station.
  • the communication unit 104 may also obtain from the UE the identifier of the optimal receiving beam of the UE for the direct link.
  • the communication unit 104 is further configured to send the identifier of the reflected beam in the first scanning range to the controller of the LIS, and send the identifier of the receiving beam in the second scanning range to the UE, so as to perform beam scanning.
  • the communication unit 104 may send the reflection beam sequence number in the foregoing beam pair to the controller of the LIS, and send the reception beam sequence number in the foregoing beam pair to the UE.
  • the communication unit 104 may send to the UE through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).
  • PDCH physical downlink control channel
  • the communication unit 104 is further configured to receive from the UE the identification of the optimal receiving beam for the reflection link determined by the UE through beam scanning, and determine the optimal reflection beam of the LIS based on the identification and beam pair information.
  • the communication unit 104 may also receive from the UE the identification of the LIS optimal reflection beam for the reflection link determined by the UE through beam scanning, and the control unit 103 determines the optimal reception beam of the UE based on the identification and beam pair information.
  • the communication unit 104 may receive from the UE both the identification of the optimal receiving beam of the UE and the identification of the optimal reflection beam of the LIS for the reflective link.
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic diagram of an information flow between a base station, an LIS and a UE according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the base station gNB
  • the base station first sends a signaling to the LIS indicating that the LIS is closed, and the LIS is closed in response to the signaling.
  • the base station and the UE perform beam training on the direct link, either by using an exhaustive beam search method or by using a layered beam training method based on a layered codebook.
  • the UE reports the training result to the base station, where the training result may include the identifier of the base station's optimal transmit beam for the direct link, and may also include the identifier of the UE's optimal receive beam for the direct link.
  • the base station determines the first transmit beam direction at the base station side based on the training result.
  • the base station then sends an instruction to start the LIS to the LIS, and performs beam training of the reflective link between the base station and the LIS to determine the second transmit beam direction on the base station side.
  • the base station can determine the base station based on the geometric position relationship between the base station and the LIS. side of the second transmit beam direction.
  • the base station determines a set of beam pairs to be scanned for the reflective link between the LIS and the UE for beam training of the reflective link. Based on the beam pair set, the base station sequentially assigns the LIS reflection beam sequence numbers of each beam pair to the LIS and sequentially assigns the UE reception beam sequence numbers of the corresponding beam pairs to the UE.
  • the UE performs beam pair measurement and reports the training result to the base station, and the training result may include the identifier of the UE's optimal received beam and/or the identifier of the LIS's optimal reflected beam.
  • the base station indicates to the LIS the identification of its optimal reflected beam based on the received training result, so that the LIS sets its reflected beam based on the identification.
  • the electronic device 100 narrows the beam scanning range of the reflective link between the LIS and the UE by utilizing the beam transmitting directions of the base station relative to the UE and the LIS, thereby reducing beam training overhead.
  • both the first transmit beam direction on the base station side and the second transmit beam direction on the base station side described in the first embodiment include both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction
  • the first scanning range and the second scanning range Both include both the horizontal scan range and the vertical scan range.
  • Fig. 21 shows a schematic diagram of vertical beam scanning in the case of wide beam training in layered beam training, which is also applicable to narrow beam training.
  • the UE reports the identity of the base station's optimal vertical transmission beam to the base station, for example, by signaling BSDirectBeamV.
  • the UE may also report the identity of the optimal vertical receiving beam of the UE to the base station, for example, by signaling UEDirectBeamV.
  • the first scanning range and the second scanning range determined by the second determining unit 102 are scanning ranges in three-dimensional space, so both the first scanning range and the second scanning range include a horizontal scanning range and a vertical scanning range range of both.
  • the control unit 103 determines a one-to-one corresponding beam pair
  • the determined beam pair is a beam pair in a three-dimensional space, for example, the signs of the reflected beam and the received beam in the beam pair indicate both the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic diagram of the first scanning range and the second scanning range in this case.
  • the beam scanning range of the reflective link between the LIS and the UE can also be reduced to reduce beam training overhead.
  • the first determination unit 101 sequentially performs the determination of the second transmit beam direction at the base station side for each LIS
  • the second determination unit 102 sequentially performs the first scanning range and the second scanning range for each LIS is determined
  • the control unit 103 sequentially performs beam training of the reflection link between the LIS and the UE for each LIS.
  • the communication unit 104 may set other LISs to be in the closed state through signaling.
  • the electronic device 100 in the first embodiment and the second embodiment can execute operations for each LIS, so the descriptions in the first embodiment and the second embodiment are also applicable to the situation of multiple LISs, and will not be repeated here repeat.
  • the second determination unit 102 may also be configured to use the determination result of the first scanning range of the previous LIS and the second transmit beam direction on the base station side to further narrow down the first scanning range of the subsequent LIS. scan range and second scan range.
  • Fig. 23 shows a schematic diagram of the first scanning range in this case. The same applies for the second scanning range.
  • the first scanning range of LIS 2 can be obtained as Without using the beam training results of LIS 1, the first scanning range of LIS 2 is As can be seen from the figure, the range is greater than
  • the first scanning range of LIS 2 is Information about the direction of the first transmit beam on the base station side that does not involve the direct link. Therefore, for LISs other than the first LIS among the plurality of LISs, the second determination unit 102 may perform the determination of the first scan range and the second scan range without a direct link, and the control unit 103 Beam training for reflective links can also be performed without a direct link.
  • FIG. 24 shows a block diagram of functional modules of an electronic device 200 according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the electronic device 200 includes: a communication unit 201 configured to receive from a base station each of the specific scanning ranges receiving an identifier of a beam, and using the receiving beam to receive a reflected beam from the LIS, wherein the receiving beam and the reflected beam are determined as one-to-one correspondence by the base station; and the determining unit 202 is configured to determine the most An optimal receiving beam, wherein the communication unit 201 is further configured to provide the identifier of the optimal receiving beam to the base station.
  • the communication unit 201 and the determination unit 202 may be implemented by one or more processing circuits, and the processing circuits may be implemented as a chip or a processor, for example.
  • the processing circuits may be implemented as a chip or a processor, for example.
  • each functional unit in the electronic device shown in FIG. 24 is only a logic module divided according to a specific function realized by it, and is not used to limit a specific implementation manner.
  • the electronic device 200 may be disposed on the UE side or communicably connected to the UE.
  • the electronic device 200 may be implemented at the chip level, or may also be implemented at the device level.
  • the electronic device 200 may work as a UE itself, and may also include external devices such as a memory, a transceiver (not shown in the figure), and the like.
  • the memory can be used to store programs and related data information that need to be executed by the user equipment to realize various functions.
  • the transceiver may include one or more communication interfaces to support communication with different devices (eg, base station, other user equipment, etc.), and the implementation form of the transceiver is not specifically limited here.
  • the UE performs beam training of the reflection link between the LIS and the UE under the control of the base station. For example, the UE receives the identifier of the receiving beam indicated by the base station by signaling UEReflectBeamInd, and reports the identifier of the optimal receiving beam to the base station by signaling UEReflectbeam.
  • there is a one-to-one correspondence between receiving beams and reflected beams for example, as described in the first embodiment, so that the number of beam pairs to be scanned in beam training is significantly reduced, reducing the overhead of beam training .
  • the base station knows the corresponding relation of the beam pair, when receiving the optimal receiving beam reported by the UE, it can determine the optimal reflected beam of the LIS according to the corresponding relation.
  • the determining unit 202 may also be configured to determine the identifier of the optimal reflected beam from the LIS, and the communication unit 201 provides the identifier of the optimal reflected beam to the base station.
  • the determining unit 202 determines both the identifier of the optimal received beam and the identifier of the optimal reflected beam, and the communication unit 201 provides the two to the base station.
  • the electronic device 200 can determine the optimal beam pair for the reflection link between the LIS and the UE by scanning the beam pairs that have a one-to-one correspondence under the control of the base station, reducing beam training overhead.
  • the method includes: determining the first transmit beam direction of the base station for the direct link of the base station to the UE (S11); The second transmit beam direction of the base station side of the reflective link of the LIS (S12); based on the first transmit beam direction of the base station side and the second transmit beam direction of the base station side, determine the first scan range of the reflective beam of the reflective link of the UE for the LIS and a second scanning range of the reception beam of the UE (S13); and performing control to perform beam training of a reflection link between the LIS and the UE based on the first scanning range and the second scanning range (S14).
  • This method can be performed, for example, at the base station side.
  • the first transmit beam direction at the base station side may be determined by performing beam training on the direct link. For example, layered beam training based on a layered codebook may be used to determine the first transmit beam direction at the base station side.
  • step S12 one of the following methods may be used to determine the second transmit beam direction at the base station side: performing beam training on the reflection link between the base station and the LIS; determining based on the geometric positional relationship between the base station and the LIS.
  • performing beam training on the reflective link between the base station and the LIS may also include adopting hierarchical beam training based on a hierarchical codebook.
  • the second transmit beam direction on the base station side can be determined based on the time slot sequence number corresponding to when the base station receives the maximum power.
  • the first scanning range and the second scanning range may be determined based on the first transmit beam direction at the base station side and the second transmit beam direction at the base station side according to the geometric positional relationship among the base station, LIS and UE.
  • both the first scanning range and the second scanning range may have the following angle range: the sum of the first departure angle corresponding to the first transmit beam direction on the base station side and the second departure angle corresponding to the second transmit beam direction on the base station side.
  • the first transmit beam direction at the base station side and the second transmit beam direction at the base station side may be represented by beam identifiers respectively, and the first scan range and the second scan range respectively include identifiers of beams to be scanned.
  • the beams in the first scanning range and the beams in the second scanning range may be corresponded one-to-one as beam pairs, and the LIS and UE are controlled to perform beam scanning based on the beam pairs.
  • layered beam training based on a layered codebook may also be used to perform beam training of the reflective link between the LIS and the user equipment.
  • the above method may further include sending signaling to the LIS indicating the LIS operation mode, and the LIS operation mode includes closing and opening.
  • a signaling indicating to turn off may be sent to the LIS to determine the first transmit beam direction at the base station side, and then a signaling indicating to be turned on may be sent to the LIS to determine the second transmit beam direction at the base station side and the LIS Beam training of reflective link with UE.
  • the above method may further include obtaining from the UE the identifier of the base station's optimal transmit beam for the direct link, and determining the first transmit beam direction at the base station side based on the base station's optimal transmit beam.
  • the identifier of the UE's optimal receiving beam for the direct link may also be acquired from the UE.
  • the above method may further include sending the identifier of the reflected beam in the first scanning range to the controller of the LIS, and sending the identifier of the receiving beam in the second scanning range to the UE, so as to perform beam scanning. For example, it can be sent to the UE through the PDCCH.
  • the above method may further include receiving from the UE an identification of the optimal receiving beam for the reflection link determined by the UE through beam scanning, and determining the optimal reflection beam of the LIS based on the identification and beam pair information.
  • the first transmit beam direction on the base station side and the second transmit beam direction on the base station side both include the horizontal direction and the vertical direction
  • both the first scan range and the second scan range include the horizontal scan range and the vertical scan range range of both.
  • the determination of the first scanning range and the second scanning range and the beam training of the reflective link between the LIS and the UE may be performed sequentially for each LIS.
  • the determination result of the first scanning range of the previous LIS and the second transmit beam direction at the base station side may also be used to further narrow the first scanning range and the second scanning range of the subsequent LIS. Determination of the first scan range and the second scan range and the beam of the reflective link between the LIS and the UE can be performed without a direct link for other LISs than the first LIS train.
  • FIG. 26 shows a flow chart of a method for wireless communication according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • the method includes: receiving from the base station an identification of each receiving beam in a specific scanning range, and using the receiving beam to receive A reflected beam from a large-scale smart surface LIS (S21), wherein the received beam and the reflected beam are determined as one-to-one correspondence by the base station; an optimal received beam is determined based on the results of the beam measurement (S22); and The identification of the optimal receiving beam is provided to the base station (S23).
  • This method can be performed, for example, on the UE side.
  • the above method may further include: determining the identifier of the optimal reflected beam from the LIS, and providing the identifier of the optimal reflected beam to the base station.
  • the electronic device 100 may be implemented as various base stations.
  • a base station may be implemented as any type of evolved Node B (eNB) or gNB (5G base station).
  • eNBs include, for example, macro eNBs and small eNBs.
  • a small eNB may be an eNB that covers a cell smaller than a macro cell, such as a pico eNB, micro eNB, and home (femto) eNB.
  • a similar situation may also exist for gNB.
  • the base station may be implemented as any other type of base station, such as NodeB and Base Transceiver Station (BTS).
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • the base station may include: a main body (also referred to as a base station device) configured to control wireless communication; and one or more remote radio heads (RRHs) disposed at places different from the main body.
  • a main body also referred to as a base station device
  • RRHs remote radio heads
  • various types of user equipment can work as a base station by temporarily or semi-permanently performing the base station function.
  • the electronic device 200 may be implemented as various user devices.
  • the user equipment may be implemented as a mobile terminal such as a smartphone, a tablet personal computer (PC), a notebook PC, a portable game terminal, a portable/dongle type mobile router, and a digital camera, or a vehicle terminal such as a car navigation device.
  • the user equipment may also be implemented as a terminal performing machine-to-machine (M2M) communication (also referred to as a machine type communication (MTC) terminal).
  • M2M machine-to-machine
  • MTC machine type communication
  • the user equipment may be a wireless communication module (such as an integrated circuit module including a single chip) mounted on each of the above-mentioned terminals.
  • FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a first example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied. Note that the following description takes eNB as an example, but it can also be applied to gNB.
  • the eNB 800 includes one or more antennas 810 and base station equipment 820.
  • the base station device 820 and each antenna 810 may be connected to each other via an RF cable.
  • Each of the antennas 810 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna, and is used for the base station apparatus 820 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • eNB 800 may include multiple antennas 810.
  • multiple antennas 810 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by eNB 800.
  • FIG. 27 shows an example in which the eNB 800 includes multiple antennas 810, the eNB 800 may also include a single antenna 810.
  • the base station device 820 includes a controller 821 , a memory 822 , a network interface 823 and a wireless communication interface 825 .
  • the controller 821 may be, for example, a CPU or a DSP, and operates various functions of a higher layer of the base station apparatus 820 .
  • the controller 821 generates data packets from data in signals processed by the wireless communication interface 825 and communicates the generated packets via the network interface 823 .
  • the controller 821 may bundle data from a plurality of baseband processors to generate a bundled packet, and deliver the generated bundled packet.
  • the controller 821 may have a logical function to perform control such as radio resource control, radio bearer control, mobility management, admission control and scheduling. This control can be performed in conjunction with nearby eNBs or core network nodes.
  • the memory 822 includes RAM and ROM, and stores programs executed by the controller 821 and various types of control data such as a terminal list, transmission power data, and scheduling data.
  • the network interface 823 is a communication interface for connecting the base station apparatus 820 to the core network 824 .
  • the controller 821 may communicate with a core network node or another eNB via a network interface 823 .
  • eNB 800 and core network nodes or other eNBs can be connected to each other through logical interfaces such as S1 interface and X2 interface.
  • the network interface 823 may also be a wired communication interface or a wireless communication interface for wireless backhaul. If the network interface 823 is a wireless communication interface, the network interface 823 may use a higher frequency band for wireless communication than that used by the wireless communication interface 825 .
  • the wireless communication interface 825 supports any cellular communication scheme such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced, and provides a wireless connection to a terminal located in the cell of the eNB 800 via the antenna 810.
  • Wireless communication interface 825 may generally include, for example, a baseband (BB) processor 826 and RF circuitry 827 .
  • the BB processor 826 may perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and execute layers such as L1, Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol ( Various types of signal processing for PDCP)).
  • the BB processor 826 may have part or all of the logic functions described above.
  • the BB processor 826 may be a memory storing a communication control program, or a module including a processor configured to execute the program and related circuits.
  • the update program may cause the function of the BB processor 826 to change.
  • the module may be a card or a blade inserted into a slot of the base station device 820 .
  • the module can also be a chip mounted on a card or blade.
  • the RF circuit 827 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 810 .
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may include multiple BB processors 826 .
  • multiple BB processors 826 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by eNB 800.
  • the wireless communication interface 825 may include a plurality of RF circuits 827 .
  • multiple RF circuits 827 may be compatible with multiple antenna elements.
  • FIG. 27 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 825 includes a plurality of BB processors 826 and a plurality of RF circuits 827 , the wireless communication interface 825 may include a single BB processor 826 or a single RF circuit 827 .
  • the communication unit 104 and the transceiver of the electronic device 100 can be realized by the wireless communication interface 825. At least part of the functions can also be realized by the controller 821 .
  • the controller 821 may narrow the reflection chain between the LIS and the UE by using the beam transmission direction of the base station relative to the UE and the LIS by executing the functions of the first determination unit 101, the second determination unit 102, the control unit 103, and the communication unit 104.
  • the beam scanning range of the road can be reduced to reduce the beam training overhead.
  • FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing a second example of a schematic configuration of an eNB or gNB to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied. Note that similarly, the following description takes eNB as an example, but it can also be applied to gNB.
  • the eNB 830 includes one or more antennas 840, base station equipment 850 and RRH 860.
  • the RRH 860 and each antenna 840 may be connected to each other via RF cables.
  • the base station apparatus 850 and the RRH 860 may be connected to each other via a high-speed line such as an optical fiber cable.
  • Each of the antennas 840 includes a single or multiple antenna elements (such as multiple antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna) and is used for the RRH 860 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • eNB 830 may include multiple antennas 840.
  • multiple antennas 840 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by eNB 830.
  • FIG. 28 shows an example in which the eNB 830 includes multiple antennas 840, the eNB 830 may also include a single antenna 840.
  • the base station device 850 includes a controller 851 , a memory 852 , a network interface 853 , a wireless communication interface 855 and a connection interface 857 .
  • the controller 851, memory 852, and network interface 853 are the same as the controller 821, memory 822, and network interface 823 described with reference to FIG. 27 .
  • the wireless communication interface 855 supports any cellular communication scheme (such as LTE and LTE-Advanced), and provides wireless communication to a terminal located in a sector corresponding to the RRH 860 via the RRH 860 and the antenna 840.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 856 .
  • the BB processor 856 is the same as the BB processor 826 described with reference to FIG. 27 except that the BB processor 856 is connected to the RF circuit 864 of the RRH 860 via the connection interface 857.
  • the wireless communication interface 855 may include multiple BB processors 856 .
  • multiple BB processors 856 may be compatible with multiple frequency bands used by eNB 830.
  • FIG. 28 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 855 includes a plurality of BB processors 856 , the wireless communication interface 855 may also include a single BB processor 856 .
  • connection interface 857 is an interface for connecting the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860.
  • the connection interface 857 may also be a communication module for communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line used to connect the base station device 850 (wireless communication interface 855) to the RRH 860.
  • the RRH 860 includes a connection interface 861 and a wireless communication interface 863.
  • connection interface 861 is an interface for connecting the RRH 860 (wireless communication interface 863) to the base station device 850.
  • the connection interface 861 may also be a communication module used for communication in the above-mentioned high-speed line.
  • the wireless communication interface 863 transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840 .
  • Wireless communication interface 863 may generally include RF circuitry 864, for example.
  • the RF circuit 864 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 840 .
  • the wireless communication interface 863 may include a plurality of RF circuits 864 .
  • multiple RF circuits 864 may support multiple antenna elements.
  • FIG. 28 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 863 includes a plurality of RF circuits 864 , the wireless communication interface 863 may also include a single RF circuit 864 .
  • the communication unit 104 and the transceiver of the electronic device 100 may be implemented by the wireless communication interface 855 and/or the wireless communication interface 863. At least part of the functions can also be realized by the controller 851 .
  • the controller 851 can use the beam transmission direction of the base station relative to the UE and the LIS to narrow the reflection chain between the LIS and the UE by executing the functions of the first determination unit 101, the second determination unit 102, the control unit 103, and the communication unit 104 The beam scanning range of the road can be reduced to reduce the beam training overhead.
  • FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a smartphone 900 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the smart phone 900 includes a processor 901, a memory 902, a storage device 903, an external connection interface 904, a camera 906, a sensor 907, a microphone 908, an input device 909, a display device 910, a speaker 911, a wireless communication interface 912, one or more Antenna switch 915 , one or more antennas 916 , bus 917 , battery 918 , and auxiliary controller 919 .
  • the processor 901 may be, for example, a CPU or a system on chip (SoC), and controls functions of application layers and other layers of the smartphone 900 .
  • the memory 902 includes RAM and ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 901 .
  • the storage device 903 may include a storage medium such as a semiconductor memory and a hard disk.
  • the external connection interface 904 is an interface for connecting an external device such as a memory card and a universal serial bus (USB) device to the smartphone 900 .
  • USB universal serial bus
  • the imaging device 906 includes an image sensor such as a charge coupled device (CCD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), and generates a captured image.
  • Sensors 907 may include a set of sensors such as measurement sensors, gyro sensors, geomagnetic sensors, and acceleration sensors.
  • the microphone 908 converts sound input to the smartphone 900 into an audio signal.
  • the input device 909 includes, for example, a touch sensor configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 910 , a keypad, a keyboard, buttons, or switches, and receives operations or information input from the user.
  • the display device 910 includes a screen such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display, and displays an output image of the smartphone 900 .
  • the speaker 911 converts an audio signal output from the smartphone 900 into sound.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914 .
  • the BB processor 913 can perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication.
  • the RF circuit 914 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmits and receives wireless signals via the antenna 916 .
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may be a chip module on which a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914 are integrated. As shown in FIG. 29 , the wireless communication interface 912 may include multiple BB processors 913 and multiple RF circuits 914. Although FIG. 29 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 912 includes a plurality of BB processors 913 and a plurality of RF circuits 914 , the wireless communication interface 912 may include a single BB processor 913 or a single RF circuit 914 .
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-range wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless local area network (LAN) scheme, in addition to a cellular communication scheme.
  • the wireless communication interface 912 may include a BB processor 913 and an RF circuit 914 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • Each of the antenna switches 915 switches the connection destination of the antenna 916 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 912 (eg, circuits for different wireless communication schemes).
  • Each of the antennas 916 includes a single or multiple antenna elements, such as multiple antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 912 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • Smartphone 900 may include multiple antennas 916 as shown in FIG. 29 .
  • FIG. 29 shows an example in which the smartphone 900 includes multiple antennas 916
  • the smartphone 900 may include a single antenna 916 as well.
  • the smartphone 900 may include an antenna 916 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • the antenna switch 915 may be omitted from the configuration of the smartphone 900 .
  • the bus 917 connects the processor 901, memory 902, storage device 903, external connection interface 904, camera device 906, sensor 907, microphone 908, input device 909, display device 910, speaker 911, wireless communication interface 912, and auxiliary controller 919 to each other. connect.
  • the battery 918 provides power to the various blocks of the smartphone 900 shown in FIG. 29 via feed lines, which are partially shown as dashed lines in the figure.
  • the auxiliary controller 919 operates minimum necessary functions of the smartphone 900, for example, in a sleep mode.
  • the communication unit 201 and the transceiver of the electronic device 200 can be realized by the wireless communication interface 912 .
  • At least a portion of the functionality may also be implemented by the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919 .
  • the processor 901 or the auxiliary controller 919 may perform the functions of the communication unit 201 and the determination unit 202 to determine the reflection link between the LIS and the UE by scanning beam pairs that have a one-to-one correspondence under the control of the base station The optimal beam pair of the road reduces the beam training overhead.
  • FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a car navigation device 920 to which the technology of the present disclosure can be applied.
  • the car navigation device 920 includes a processor 921, a memory 922, a global positioning system (GPS) module 924, a sensor 925, a data interface 926, a content player 927, a storage medium interface 928, an input device 929, a display device 930, a speaker 931, a wireless communication interface 933 , one or more antenna switches 936 , one or more antennas 937 , and battery 938 .
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the processor 921 may be, for example, a CPU or a SoC, and controls a navigation function and other functions of the car navigation device 920 .
  • the memory 922 includes RAM and ROM, and stores data and programs executed by the processor 921 .
  • the GPS module 924 measures the location (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) of the car navigation device 920 using GPS signals received from GPS satellites.
  • Sensors 925 may include a set of sensors such as gyroscopic sensors, geomagnetic sensors, and air pressure sensors.
  • the data interface 926 is connected to, for example, an in-vehicle network 941 via a terminal not shown, and acquires data generated by the vehicle such as vehicle speed data.
  • the content player 927 reproduces content stored in a storage medium such as CD and DVD, which is inserted into the storage medium interface 928 .
  • the input device 929 includes, for example, a touch sensor, a button, or a switch configured to detect a touch on the screen of the display device 930 , and receives an operation or information input from a user.
  • the display device 930 includes a screen such as an LCD or OLED display, and displays an image of a navigation function or reproduced content.
  • the speaker 931 outputs sound of a navigation function or reproduced content.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 supports any cellular communication scheme such as LTE and LTE-Advanced, and performs wireless communication.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may generally include, for example, a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit 935 .
  • the BB processor 934 can perform, for example, encoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing, and perform various types of signal processing for wireless communication.
  • the RF circuit 935 may include, for example, a mixer, a filter, and an amplifier, and transmit and receive wireless signals via the antenna 937 .
  • the wireless communication interface 933 can also be a chip module on which the BB processor 934 and the RF circuit 935 are integrated. As shown in FIG.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may include a plurality of BB processors 934 and a plurality of RF circuits 935 .
  • FIG. 30 shows an example in which the wireless communication interface 933 includes a plurality of BB processors 934 and a plurality of RF circuits 935
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may include a single BB processor 934 or a single RF circuit 935 .
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may support another type of wireless communication scheme, such as a short-distance wireless communication scheme, a near field communication scheme, and a wireless LAN scheme, in addition to the cellular communication scheme.
  • the wireless communication interface 933 may include a BB processor 934 and an RF circuit 935 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • Each of the antenna switches 936 switches the connection destination of the antenna 937 among a plurality of circuits included in the wireless communication interface 933 , such as circuits for different wireless communication schemes.
  • Each of the antennas 937 includes a single or a plurality of antenna elements such as a plurality of antenna elements included in a MIMO antenna, and is used for the wireless communication interface 933 to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the car navigation device 920 may include a plurality of antennas 937 .
  • FIG. 30 shows an example in which the car navigation device 920 includes a plurality of antennas 937
  • the car navigation device 920 may also include a single antenna 937 .
  • the car navigation device 920 may include an antenna 937 for each wireless communication scheme.
  • the antenna switch 936 can be omitted from the configuration of the car navigation device 920 .
  • the battery 938 supplies power to the various blocks of the car navigation device 920 shown in FIG. 30 via feeder lines, which are partially shown as dotted lines in the figure.
  • the battery 938 accumulates electric power supplied from the vehicle.
  • the communication unit 201 and the transceiver of the electronic device 200 can be realized by the wireless communication interface 933 .
  • At least part of the functions can also be implemented by the processor 921 .
  • the processor 921 may perform the functions of the communication unit 201 and the determination unit 202 to determine the optimal beam of the reflection link between the LIS and the UE by scanning the beam pairs that have a one-to-one correspondence under the control of the base station. Yes, reduce beam training overhead.
  • the technology of the present disclosure may also be implemented as an in-vehicle system (or vehicle) 940 including one or more blocks in a car navigation device 920 , an in-vehicle network 941 , and a vehicle module 942 .
  • the vehicle module 942 generates vehicle data such as vehicle speed, engine speed, and failure information, and outputs the generated data to the in-vehicle network 941 .
  • the present disclosure also proposes a program product storing machine-readable instruction codes.
  • the instruction code is read and executed by a machine, the above-mentioned method according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be executed.
  • a storage medium for carrying the program product storing the above-mentioned machine-readable instruction codes is also included in the disclosure of the present disclosure.
  • the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a memory stick, and the like.
  • a program constituting the software is installed from a storage medium or a network to a computer having a dedicated hardware configuration (for example, a general-purpose computer 3100 shown in FIG. 31 ), where various programs are installed. , various functions and the like can be performed.
  • a central processing unit (CPU) 3101 executes various processes according to programs stored in a read only memory (ROM) 3102 or loaded from a storage section 3108 to a random access memory (RAM) 3103 .
  • ROM read only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • data required when the CPU 3101 executes various processing and the like is also stored as necessary.
  • the CPU 3101, ROM 3102, and RAM 3103 are connected to each other via a bus 3104.
  • the input/output interface 3105 is also connected to the bus 3104 .
  • the following components are connected to the input/output interface 3105: an input section 3106 (including a keyboard, a mouse, etc.), an output section 3107 (including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.), Storage section 3108 (including hard disk, etc.), communication section 3109 (including network interface card such as LAN card, modem, etc.).
  • the communication section 3109 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet.
  • a driver 3110 may also be connected to the input/output interface 3105 as needed.
  • a removable medium 3111 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 3110 as necessary, so that a computer program read therefrom is installed into the storage section 3108 as necessary.
  • the programs constituting the software are installed from a network such as the Internet or a storage medium such as the removable medium 3111 .
  • a storage medium is not limited to the removable medium 3111 shown in FIG. 31 in which the program is stored and distributed separately from the device to provide the program to the user.
  • removable media 3111 include magnetic disks (including floppy disks (registered trademark)), optical disks (including compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) and digital versatile disk (DVD)), magneto-optical disks (including trademark)) and semiconductor memory.
  • the storage medium may be a ROM 3102, a hard disk contained in the storage section 3108, or the like, in which programs are stored and distributed to users together with devices containing them.
  • each component or each step can be decomposed and/or reassembled. These decompositions and/or recombinations should be considered equivalents of the present disclosure. Also, the steps for executing the series of processes described above may naturally be executed in chronological order in the order described, but need not necessarily be executed in chronological order. Certain steps may be performed in parallel or independently of each other.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种用于无线通信的电子设备、方法和计算机可读存储介质，该电子设备包括：处理电路，被配置为：确定基站针对用户设备的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向以及基站针对大规模智能表面(LIS)的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向；基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定LIS针对用户设备的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及用户设备的接收波束的第二扫描范围；以及执行控制以基于第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围进行LIS与用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。

Description

用于无线通信的电子设备和方法、计算机可读存储介质
本申请要求于2021年6月3日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110619279.1、发明名称为“用于无线通信的电子设备和方法、计算机可读存储介质”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及无线通信技术领域，具体地涉及大规模智能表面(large intelligent surface,LIS)辅助的无线通信中的波束训练。更具体地，涉及一种用于无线通信的电子设备和方法以及计算机可读存储介质。
背景技术
下一代移动通信对用户体验速率、低时延、低功耗等多个方面提出了更高的要求。为了满足飞速增长的业务流量需求和数据速率要求，全面提升通信网络的性能指标成为下一代移动通信面临的关键问题。为了克服这些挑战，利用超材料技术的最新发展而实现的LIS已成为通过利用无源天线阵列来增强无线通信系统性能的有前途的替代方案。LIS是一种由大量无源反射元件组成的人工电磁材料，可以通过设置反射元件的相位灵活控制反射波束的方向，从而在功耗有限的情况下获得理想的电磁传播环境。例如，在基站的控制下，LIS通过修改入射波的相位以获得适当的反射方向的反射波，从而提高接收机的信号质量。为了便于理解，图1示出了基于LIS的辅助通信模式的示意图。
在基于LIS辅助的无线通信中，需要对基站与用户设备之间的直达链路和基站经由LIS与用户设备之间的反射链路进行波束训练，引起很大的训练开销。
发明内容
在下文中给出了关于本公开的简要概述，以便提供关于本公开的某些方面的基本理解。应当理解，这个概述并不是关于本公开的穷举性概 述。它并不是意图确定本公开的关键或重要部分，也不是意图限定本公开的范围。其目的仅仅是以简化的形式给出某些概念，以此作为稍后论述的更详细描述的前序。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种用于无线通信的电子设备，包括：处理电路，被配置为：确定基站针对用户设备的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向以及基站针对LIS的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向；基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定LIS针对用户设备的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及用户设备的接收波束的第二扫描范围；以及执行控制以基于第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围进行LIS与用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
根据本申请的另一个方面，提供了一种用于无线通信的方法，包括：确定基站针对用户设备的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向以及基站针对LIS的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向；基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定LIS针对用户设备的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及用户设备的接收波束的第二扫描范围；以及执行控制以基于第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围进行LIS与用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
根据本申请的一个方面，提供了一种用于无线通信的电子设备，包括：处理电路，被配置为：从基站接收特定扫描范围中的每一个接收波束的标识，并使用该接收波束来接收来自LIS的反射波束，其中，接收波束与反射波束由基站确定为一一对应；基于波束测量的结果确定最优接收波束；以及将最优接收波束的标识提供给基站。
根据本申请的另一个方面，提供了一种用于无线通信的方法，包括：从基站接收特定扫描范围中的每一个接收波束的标识，并使用该接收波束来接收来自LIS的反射波束，其中，接收波束与反射波束由基站确定为一一对应；基于波束测量的结果确定最优接收波束；以及将最优接收波束的标识提供给基站。
根据本公开的其它方面，还提供了用于实现上述用于无线通信的方法的计算机程序代码和计算机程序产品以及其上记录有该用于实现上述用于无线通信的方法的计算机程序代码的计算机可读存储介质。
根据本申请的实施例的电子设备和方法，通过利用基站相对于用户 设备和LIS的波束发射方向缩小了LIS与用户设备之间的反射链路的波束扫描范围，降低了波束训练开销。
通过以下结合附图对本公开的优选实施例的详细说明，本公开的这些以及其他优点将更加明显。
附图说明
为了进一步阐述本公开的以上和其它优点和特征，下面结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。所述附图连同下面的详细说明一起包含在本说明书中并且形成本说明书的一部分。具有相同的功能和结构的元件用相同的参考标号表示。应当理解，这些附图仅描述本公开的典型示例，而不应看作是对本公开的范围的限定。在附图中：
图1示出了基于LIS的辅助通信模式的示意图；
图2是示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备的功能模块框图；
图3示出了第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的确定的一个示意图；
图4至图6示出了采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来确定基站侧第一发射波束方向的过程的示意图；
图7至图9示出了采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练对基站与LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练的过程的示意图；
图10示出了基站侧第二发射波束方向的确定的示意图；
图11示出了波束对的一个示例；
图12和图13示出了通过波束对扫描确定LIS最优反射波束的过程的示意图；
图14至图18示出了基于分层码本的分层波束训练方法的过程的示意图；
图19示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备的功能模块框图；
图20示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的基站、LIS与UE之间的信息流程的示意图；
图21示出了竖直波束扫描的一个示例的示意图；
图22示出了第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的一个示意图；
图23示出了第一扫描范围的一个示意图；
图24示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例的用于无线通信的电子设备的功能模块框图；
图25示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图；
图26示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图；
图27是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的eNB或gNB的示意性配置的第一示例的框图；
图28是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的eNB或gNB的示意性配置的第二示例的框图；
图29是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的智能电话的示意性配置的示例的框图；
图30是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的汽车导航设备的示意性配置的示例的框图；以及
图31是其中可以实现根据本公开的实施例的方法和/或装置和/或系统的通用个人计算机的示例性结构的框图。
具体实施方式
在下文中将结合附图对本公开的示范性实施例进行描述。为了清楚和简明起见，在说明书中并未描述实际实施方式的所有特征。然而，应该了解，在开发任何这种实际实施例的过程中必须做出很多特定于实施方式的决定，以便实现开发人员的具体目标，例如，符合与系统及业务相关的那些限制条件，并且这些限制条件可能会随着实施方式的不同而有所改变。此外，还应该了解，虽然开发工作有可能是非常复杂和费时的，但对得益于本公开内容的本领域技术人员来说，这种开发工作仅仅是例行的任务。
在此，还需要说明的一点是，为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本公开，在附图中仅仅示出了与根据本公开的方案密切相关的设备结构和/或处理步骤，而省略了与本公开关系不大的其他细节。
<第一实施例>
由于LIS是一个无源阵列，不能自行发射新信号，因此在使用LIS辅助通信的情况下，需要基站辅助实现LIS的波束扫描以进行信道状态测量，从而进行LIS与用户设备(User Equipment，UE)之间的反射链路的波束训练。在采用穷举波束搜索方法的情况下，需要对所有可能的基站发射波束、LIS反射波束和UE接收波束进行遍历搜索，波束训练开销非常大。鉴于此，本申请提供了一种能够降低训练开销的技术。
图2示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的电子设备100的功能模块框图，该电子设备100包括：第一确定单元101，被配置为确定基站针对UE的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向以及基站针对LIS的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向；第二确定单元102，被配置为基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定LIS针对UE的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及UE的接收波束的第二扫描范围；以及控制单元103，被配置为执行控制以基于第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围进行LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。
其中，第一确定单元101、第二确定单元102和控制单元103可以由一个或多个处理电路实现，该处理电路例如可以实现为芯片、处理器。并且，应该理解，图2中所示的电子设备中的各个功能单元仅是根据其所实现的具体功能而划分的逻辑模块，而不是用于限制具体的实现方式。
电子设备100例如可以设置在基站侧或者可通信地连接到基站。本申请中所述的基站也可以是收发点(Transmit Receive Point，TRP)或者接入点(Access Point,AP)。这里，还应指出，电子设备100可以以芯片级来实现，或者也可以以设备级来实现。例如，电子设备100可以工作为基站本身，并且还可以包括诸如存储器、收发器(未示出)等外部设备。存储器可以用于存储基站实现各种功能需要执行的程序和相关数据信息。收发器可以包括一个或多个通信接口以支持与不同设备(例如，UE、其他基站等等)间的通信，这里不具体限制收发器的实现形式。
此外，应该注意，在本申请中，第一、第二等术语仅是为了区分的需要，而不代表任何顺序或其他含义。
在本实施例中，基于基站、LIS和UE的相对位置关系来缩小LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束扫描范围(即，第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围)，从而降低波束训练开销。
例如，图3示出了第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的确定的一个示意图。其中，
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000001
和
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000002
分别代表基站侧第一发射波束和基站侧第二发射波束的出发角(Angle of Departure)，基站侧第一发射波束例如为基站向用户设备发射的接收信号质量满足第一预定条件(例如在第一预定阈值以上)的发射波束，基站侧第二发射波束例如为基站向LIS发射的接收信号质量满足第二预定条件(例如在第二预定阈值以上)的发射波束。例如，基站侧第一发射波束可以为针对直达链路的基站最优发射波束，基站侧第二发射波束可以为针对反射链路的基站最优发射波束。
如图3所示，第二确定单元102根据基站、LIS和UE之间的几何位置关系，基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向来确定第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围。第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围例如分别是由基站、LIS和UE构造的平行四边形的一组对角。并且，第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围均具有如下角度范围：基站侧第一发射波束方向对应的第一出发角(例如，图中的
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000003
)与基站侧第二发射波束方向对应的第二出发角(例如，图中的
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000004
)之和。LIS与UE仅需要在所确定的第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围内执行波束扫描，减小了需要扫描的反射波束和接收波束的数量，降低了开销。
其中，基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向可以由第一确定单元101确定。在一个示例中，第一确定单元101可以通过对 直达链路进行波束训练来确定基站侧第一发射波束方向。例如，第一确定单元101将通过波束训练获得的基站最优发射波束方向确定为基站侧第一发射波束方向。
其中，波束训练的方法可以包括前述穷举波束搜索法，在此不再具体描述。此外，也可以采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来确定基站最优发射波束方向，其中，每层码本对应不同的波束宽度。
图4至图6示出了采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来确定基站侧第一发射波束方向的过程的示意图。应该理解，图4至图6仅是示例，不是限制性的。如图4所示，基站和UE首先使用宽波束进行宽粒度波束训练，UE测量到发射波束C BS,2的波束质量最优，因此将BSDirectBeam设置为其标识2并发送给基站。如图5所示，基站随后使用该宽波束C BS,2进行发射并且UE使用窄波束进行接收，UE测量到使用接收波束C UE,1,3进行接收时波束质量最优，因此将UEDirectBeam设置为其标识3并发送给基站。接下来，如图6所示，基站使用窄波束进行发射并且UE使用接收波束C UE,1,3进行接收，最终UE测量到针对窄波束C BS,2,2的接收信号质量最优，从而将BSDirectBeam设置为其标识2并发送给基站，基站基于该标识确定波束C BS,2,2的方向作为基站侧第一发射波束方向。可以看出，在该示例中，基站侧第一发射波束方向可以用波束标识(或者称为波束索引)表示。
类似地，第一确定单元101也可以通过对基站与LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向。该波束训练的方法可以包括前述穷举波束搜索法或者基于分层码本的分层波束训练方法。由于LIS不能进行测量并且没有发送器从而不能执行发送操作，因此LIS无法向基站反馈任何有关发射波束方向的信息。但是，由于在LIS处使用的波束是由基站通过控制器指示的，因此基站已知基站发射波束和LIS反射波束两者的信息。并且，基站还已知由基站发射波束和LIS反射波束的每个对占据的时隙的序号。因此，在这种情况下，第一确定单元101可以基于基站接收功率最大时对应的时隙序号来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向。基站侧第二发射波束方向也可以用波束标识(或者称为波束索引)表示。
此外，在对基站与LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练时，也可以采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练，其示例性过程如图7至9所示。如图7 所示，基站和LIS首先使用宽波束进行宽粒度波束训练，基站测量到时隙1中的接收功率最大，从而确定宽发射波束C BS,1最优。如图8所示，基站随后使用该宽波束C BS,1进行发射并且LIS使用窄波束进行反射，基站测量到此时时隙1中的接收功率最大，从而确定LIS的窄反射波束C LIS,1,2最优。如图9所示，接下来，基站使用窄波束进行发射并且LIS使用C LIS,1,2进行反射，最终基站测量到此时时隙2中的接收功率最大，从而确定窄发射波束C BS,1,2最优，并将其标识作为基站侧第二发射波束方向。
另一方面，由于基站和LIS的位置是比较固定的，LIS的位置对于基站可能是已知的，因此第一确定单元101可以基于基站与LIS的几何位置关系来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向，如图10所示。
在基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二波束方向用分别用波束标识表示的情况下，第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围分别包括待扫描的波束的标识。该标识例如可以为序号或索引。
例如，假设基站侧第一发射波束方向对应的波束的序号为n UE,max，基站侧第二发射波束方向对应的波束的序号为n LIS,min，则LIS需要扫描的波束序号集合为
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000005
其中θ LIS表示LIS的反射波束的角度分辨率，ceil()表示向上取整函数，终端需要扫描的波束序号集合为
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000006
其中，θ UE表示UE接收波束的角度分辨率。
控制单元103可以控制LIS和UE基于上述波束序号集合来进行波束训练，例如，该波束训练可以为在上述波束序号集合内的穷举波束搜索法，也可以是基于分层码本的分层波束训练方法。这里的分层波束训练方法与前述参照图4至图6所述的分层波束训练方法类似，区别仅在于基站通过控制器控制LIS的反射波束方向。
此外，一个示例中，控制单元103还可以被配置为将第一扫描范围内的波束与第二扫描范围内的波束一一对应为波束对，并基于该波束对控制LIS和UE执行波束扫描。图11示出了波束对的一个示例。其中， 标有对1的反射波束和标有对1的接收波束为一个波束对，以此类推。这样，可以显著减小波束训练开销。在LIS的反射波束宽度小于UE的接收波束宽度的情况下，由LIS反射波束序号和UE接收波束序号构成的第m个波束序号对可以表示为：
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000007
其中，floor()表示向下取整函数。
在图11的示例中，共有5个待扫描的波束对，基站分别通过LISReflectBeamInd和UEReflectBeamInd依次向LIS和UE指定每个波束对的反射波束序号和接收波束序号。UE在完成对波束对1至波束对5的测量后，将UEReflectbeam设置为最优UE接收波束序号并发送给基站，如图12所示。基站根据该UEReflectbeam和已知的波束对集合确定LIS最优反射波束序号，并通过信令LISReflectBeamInd发送给LIS控制器以控制LIS的反射波束方向，如图13所示。
此外，上述波束训练也可以采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练方法。图14至图18示出了该分层波束训练的示意性过程。在分层波束训练中，取决于波束宽度，存在多个层级上的波束对，例如下面将要提到的两级的宽波束对和窄波束对。如图14所示，基站首先基于宽波束对(例如，分别通过LISReflectBeamInd和UEReflectBeamInd)指定LIS宽反射波束序号和UE宽接收波束序号。如图15所示，在完成该宽粒度波束训练时，UE将UEReflectbeam设置为最优宽接收波束序号并发送至基站。如图16所示，基站根据接收到的UEReflectbeam和已知的宽波束序号对集合得到LIS最优宽反射波束序号，并通过信令LISReflectBeamInd发送给LIS控制器，而后LIS根据该信令设置其反射波束。如图17所示，在宽波束对扫描结果的基础上进行窄波束对扫描。扫描结束后UE将UEReflectbeam设置为UE最优窄接收波束序号，并反馈给基站，如图18所示。基站根据UEReflectbeam以及已知的窄波束序号对集合得到LIS最优窄反射波束序号。接着，基站可以通过信令LISReflectBeamInd将该LIS最优窄反射波束序号发送给LIS控制器，以使得LIS根据该信令设置其反射波束。这样，通过两层的波束训练，最终找到了LIS与UE之间的反射链路的最优波束对。通过该方法，可以进一步减小波束训练开销。
图19示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的电子设备100的另一个功能模块框图，除了图2中所示出的各个模块之外，该电子设备100还包括通信单元104，被配置为执行与LIS和UE之间的各种信息交互。
例如，通信单元104被配置为向LIS发送指示LIS操作模式的信令，LIS操作模式例如包括关闭和开启。
在一个示例中，通信单元104向LIS发送指示关闭的信令以进行基站侧第一发射波束方向的确定，并且向LIS发送指示开启的信令以进行基站侧第二发射波束方向的确定和LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。
如前所述，在执行针对直达链路的波束训练的过程中，通信单元104还被配置为从UE获取针对直达链路的基站最优发射波束的标识(例如，序号)，第一确定单元101基于该基站最优发射波束确定基站侧第一发射波束方向。另外，通信单元104还可以从UE获取针对直达链路的UE最优接收波束的标识。
在另一个示例中，通信单元104还被配置为向LIS的控制器发送第一扫描范围中的反射波束的标识，并且向UE发送第二扫描范围中的接收波束的标识，以执行波束扫描。例如，通信单元104可以向LIS的控制器发送前述波束对中的反射波束序号，向UE发送前述波束对中的接收波束序号。其中，通信单元104可以通过物理下行控制信道(PDCCH)向UE进行发送。
相应地，通信单元104还被配置为从UE接收UE通过波束扫描确定的针对反射链路的最优接收波束的标识，并基于该标识和波束对的信息确定LIS的最优反射波束。此外，通信单元104也可以从UE接收UE通过波束扫描确定的针对反射链路的LIS最优反射波束的标识，并且控制单元103基于该标识和波束对的信息确定UE最优接收波束。或者，通信单元104可以从UE接收针对反射链路的UE最优接收波束的标识和LIS最优反射波束的标识两者。
为了便于理解，图20示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的基站、LIS与UE之间的信息流程的示意图。如图20所示，基站(gNB)首先向LIS发送指示LIS关闭的信令，LIS响应于该信令而关闭。接着，基站与UE执行直达链路的波束训练，可以采用穷举波束搜索法，也可以采用基于 分层码本的分层波束训练法。UE在完成波束训练后将训练结果上报给基站，这里的训练结果可以包括针对直达链路的基站最优发射波束的标识，还可以包括针对直达链路的UE最优接收波束的标识。基站基于该训练结果确定基站侧第一发射波束方向。
基站随后向LIS发送LIS开启的指令，并执行基站与LIS之间的反射链路的波束训练从而确定基站侧第二发射波束方向，替代地，基站可以基于基站与LIS的几何位置关系来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向。
基站基于所确定的基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定LIS与UE之间的反射链路的待扫描波束对集合以用于反射链路的波束训练。基站基于该波束对集合向LIS依次指定各个波束对的LIS反射波束序号并且向UE依次指定相应波束对的UE接收波束序号。UE进行波束对测量并将训练结果上报给基站，该训练结果可以包括UE最优接收波束的标识和/或LIS最优反射波束的标识。基站基于接收到的训练结果向LIS指示其最优反射波束的标识，以使得LIS基于该标识设置其反射波束。
注意，图20所示的信息流程仅是一个示例，而不是限制性的。
综上所述，根据本实施例的电子设备100通过利用基站相对于UE和LIS的波束发射方向缩小了LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束扫描范围，降低了波束训练开销。
<第二实施例>
在基站和LIS的竖直方向上的波束出发角可调的情况下，还需要进行竖直方向上的波束训练。在这种情况下，第一实施例中所述的基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向均包括水平方向和竖直方向两者，并且第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围均包括水平扫描范围和竖直扫描范围两者。
例如，在进行直达链路的波束训练时，对于每个水平波束对，还需要执行竖直波束扫描。图21示出了在分层波束训练中的宽波束训练情况下的竖直波束扫描的示意图，对于窄波束训练同样适用。UE在扫描完成后例如通过信令BSDirectBeamV向基站报告基站最优竖直发射波束的 标识。此外，UE也可以例如通过信令UEDirectBeamV向基站报告UE最优竖直接收波束的标识。
类似地，对于基站与LIS之间的波束训练也需要加入针对每个水平波束对的竖直波束扫描的操作。
在这种情况下，第二确定单元102所确定的第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围为三维空间上的扫描范围，因此第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围均包括水平扫描范围和竖直扫描范围两者。在控制单元103确定一一对应的波束对的情况下，所确定的波束对为三维空间上的波束对，例如，波束对中的反射波束和接收波束的标识均指示水平方向和竖直方向两者。图22示出了在这种情况下的第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的一个示意图。
在第一实施例中的关于电子设备100的操作和信令的描述同样适用于本实施例，区别仅在于要区分水平方向和竖直方向，在此不再重复。
可以看出，在采用本实施例的方案时，同样可以缩小LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束扫描范围，减小波束训练开销。
<第三实施例>
以上的描述仅示出了一个LIS，在本实施例中，将描述存在多个LIS的情形。在存在多个LIS的情况下，第一确定单元101依次针对每个LIS执行基站侧第二发射波束方向的确定，第二确定单元102依次针对每个LIS执行第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的确定，控制单元103依次针对每个LIS执行该LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。
在针对某一个LIS执行上述操作的情况下，通信单元104可以通过信令将其他LIS设置为关闭状态。
换言之，第一实施例和第二实施例中的电子设备100可以针对每个LIS执行操作，因此第一实施例和第二实施例中的描述同样适用于多个LIS的情形，在此不再重复。
此外，对于在后的LIS，第二确定单元102还可以被配置为利用在前的LIS的第一扫描范围的确定结果和基站侧第二发射波束方向来进一步缩小该在后的LIS的第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围。图23示出了该情 况下的第一扫描范围的一个示意图。对于第二扫描范围类似地适用。
在图23的示例中，针对LIS 1的波束训练已经完成，因此，
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000008
(基站侧第二发射波束方向对应的第二出发角)和β 1(第一扫描范围的一半)都是已知的，根据图示的几何位置关系，可以获得LIS 2的第一扫描范围为
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000009
在不利用LIS 1的波束训练结果的情况下，LIS 2的第一扫描范围为
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000010
从图中可以看出，该范围大于
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000011
另外，可以看出，LIS 2的第一扫描范围为
Figure PCTCN2022095532-appb-000012
不涉及直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向的信息。因此，针对多个LIS中的除第一个LIS之外的其他LIS，第二确定单元102可以在没有直达链路的情况下执行第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的确定，并且控制单元103也可以在没有直达链路的情况下执行反射链路的波束训练。
<第四实施例>
图24示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例的电子设备200的功能模块框图，如图24所示，电子设备200包括：通信单元201，被配置为从基站接收特定扫描范围中的每一个接收波束的标识，并使用该接收波束来接收来自LIS的反射波束，其中，该接收波束与该反射波束由基站确定为一一对应；以及确定单元202，被配置为基于波束测量的结果确定最优接收波束，其中，通信单元201还被配置为将最优接收波束的标识提供给基站。
其中，通信单元201和确定单元202可以由一个或多个处理电路实 现，该处理电路例如可以实现为芯片、处理器。并且，应该理解，图24中所示的电子设备中的各个功能单元仅是根据其所实现的具体功能而划分的逻辑模块，而不是用于限制具体的实现方式。
电子设备200例如可以设置在UE侧或者可通信地连接到UE。这里，还应指出，电子设备200可以以芯片级来实现，或者也可以以设备级来实现。例如，电子设备200可以工作为UE本身，并且还可以包括诸如存储器、收发器(图中未示出)等外部设备。存储器可以用于存储用户设备实现各种功能需要执行的程序和相关数据信息。收发器可以包括一个或多个通信接口以支持与不同设备(例如，基站、其他用户设备等等)间的通信，这里不具体限制收发器的实现形式。
在该实施例中，UE在基站的控制下执行LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。例如，UE通过信令UEReflectBeamInd来接收基站指示的接收波束的标识，并且通过信令UEReflectbeam向基站报告最优接收波束的标识。在本实施例中，接收波束和反射波束是一一对应的，例如，如第一实施例中所述，这样，波束训练中所要扫描的波束对的数量显著减少，减小了波束训练的开销。并且，由于基站已知波束对的对应关系，因此，在接收到UE上报的最优接收波束时，可以根据该对应关系确定LIS的最优反射波束。
此外，确定单元202也可以被配置为确定来自LIS的最优反射波束的标识，并且通信单元201将该最优反射波束的标识提供给基站。或者，确定单元202确定最优接收波束的标识和最优反射波束的标识两者，通信单元201将两者提供给基站。
根据本实施例的电子设备200能够在基站的控制下通过对存在一一对应关系的波束对进行扫描来确定LIS与UE之间的反射链路的最优波束对，降低了波束训练开销。
<第五实施例>
在上文的实施方式中描述用于无线通信的电子设备的过程中，显然还公开了一些处理或方法。下文中，在不重复上文中已经讨论的一些细节的情况下给出这些方法的概要，但是应当注意，虽然这些方法在描述用于无线通信的电子设备的过程中公开，但是这些方法不一定采用所描 述的那些部件或不一定由那些部件执行。例如，用于无线通信的电子设备的实施方式可以部分地或完全地使用硬件和/或固件来实现，而下面讨论的用于无线通信的方法可以完全由计算机可执行的程序来实现，尽管这些方法也可以采用用于无线通信的电子设备的硬件和/或固件。
图25示出了根据本申请的一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图，该方法包括：确定基站针对UE的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向(S11)；确定基站针对LIS的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向(S12)；基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定LIS针对UE的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及UE的接收波束的第二扫描范围(S13)；以及执行控制以基于第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围进行LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练(S14)。该方法例如可以在基站侧执行。
在步骤S11中，可以通过对直达链路进行波束训练来确定基站侧第一发射波束方向。例如，可以采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来确定基站侧第一发射波束方向。
在步骤S12中，可以采用如下方式之一来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向：对基站与LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练；基于基站与LIS的几何位置关系来确定。其中，对基站与LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练也可以包括采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练。在采用对基站与LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向的情况下，可以基于基站接收功率最大时对应的时隙序号来确定基站侧第二发射波束方向。
在步骤S13中，可以根据基站、LIS和UE之间的几何位置关系，基于基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向来确定第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围。例如，第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围可以均具有如下角度范围：基站侧第一发射波束方向对应的第一出发角与基站侧第二发射波束方向对应的第二出发角的和。例如，基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向可以分别用波束标识表示，第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围分别包括待扫描的波束的标识。
在一个示例中，在步骤S14中，可以将第一扫描范围内的波束与第二扫描范围内的波束一一对应为波束对，并基于该波束对控制LIS和UE 执行波束扫描。
此外，也可以采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来进行LIS与用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
图25中虽然未示出，但是上述方法还可以包括向LIS发送指示LIS操作模式的信令，LIS操作模式包括关闭和开启。例如，可以在步骤S11之前向LIS发送指示关闭的信令以进行基站侧第一发射波束方向的确定，并且随后向LIS发送指示开启的信令以进行基站侧第二发射波束方向的确定和LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。
此外，上述方法还可以包括从UE获取针对直达链路的基站最优发射波束的标识，并基于该基站最优发射波束确定基站侧第一发射波束方向。还可以从UE获取针对直达链路的UE最优接收波束的标识。
上述方法还可以包括向LIS的控制器发送第一扫描范围中的反射波束的标识，并且向UE发送第二扫描范围中的接收波束的标识，以执行波束扫描。例如，可以通过PDCCH向UE进行发送。上述方法还可以包括从UE接收UE通过波束扫描确定的针对反射链路的最优接收波束的标识，并基于该标识和波束对的信息确定LIS的最优反射波束。
在一个示例中，基站侧第一发射波束方向和基站侧第二发射波束方向均包括水平方向和竖直方向两者，并且第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围均包括水平扫描范围和竖直扫描范围两者。
在存在多个LIS的情况下，可以依次针对每个LIS执行第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的确定以及LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。例如，还可以利用在前的LIS的第一扫描范围的确定结果和基站侧第二发射波束方向来进一步缩小在后的LIS的第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围。针对多个LIS中的除第一个LIS之外的其他LIS，可以在没有直达链路的情况下执行第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围的确定以及LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束训练。
图26示出了根据本申请的另一个实施例的用于无线通信的方法的流程图，该方法包括：从基站接收特定扫描范围中的每一个接收波束的标识，并使用该接收波束来接收来自大规模智能表面LIS的反射波束(S21)，其中，所述接收波束与所述反射波束由所述基站确定为一一对应；基于波束测量的结果确定最优接收波束(S22)；以及将最优接收波 束的标识提供给基站(S23)。该方法例如可以在UE侧执行。
此外，上述方法还可以包括：确定来自LIS的最优反射波束的标识，并将最优反射波束的标识提供给基站。
注意，上述各个方法可以结合或单独使用，其细节在第一至第四实施例中已经进行了详细描述，在此不再重复。
本公开内容的技术能够应用于各种产品。
例如，电子设备100可以被实现为各种基站。基站可以被实现为任何类型的演进型节点B(eNB)或gNB(5G基站)。eNB例如包括宏eNB和小eNB。小eNB可以为覆盖比宏小区小的小区的eNB，诸如微微eNB、微eNB和家庭(毫微微)eNB。对于gNB也可以由类似的情形。代替地，基站可以被实现为任何其他类型的基站，诸如NodeB和基站收发台(BTS)。基站可以包括：被配置为控制无线通信的主体(也称为基站设备)；以及设置在与主体不同的地方的一个或多个远程无线头端(RRH)。另外，各种类型的用户设备均可以通过暂时地或半持久性地执行基站功能而作为基站工作。
电子设备200可以被实现为各种用户设备。用户设备可以被实现为移动终端(诸如智能电话、平板个人计算机(PC)、笔记本式PC、便携式游戏终端、便携式/加密狗型移动路由器和数字摄像装置)或者车载终端(诸如汽车导航设备)。用户设备还可以被实现为执行机器对机器(M2M)通信的终端(也称为机器类型通信(MTC)终端)。此外，用户设备可以为安装在上述终端中的每个终端上的无线通信模块(诸如包括单个晶片的集成电路模块)。
[关于基站的应用示例]
(第一应用示例)
图27是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的eNB或gNB的示意性配置的第一示例的框图。注意，以下的描述以eNB作为示例，但是同样可以应用于gNB。eNB 800包括一个或多个天线810以及基站设备820。基站设备820和每个天线810可以经由RF线缆彼此连接。
天线810中的每一个均包括单个或多个天线元件(诸如包括在多输入多输出(MIMO)天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于基站设备820发送和接收无线信号。如图27所示，eNB 800可以包括多个天线810。例如，多个天线810可以与eNB 800使用的多个频带兼容。虽然图27示出其中eNB 800包括多个天线810的示例，但是eNB 800也可以包括单个天线810。
基站设备820包括控制器821、存储器822、网络接口823以及无线通信接口825。
控制器821可以为例如CPU或DSP，并且操作基站设备820的较高层的各种功能。例如，控制器821根据由无线通信接口825处理的信号中的数据来生成数据分组，并经由网络接口823来传递所生成的分组。控制器821可以对来自多个基带处理器的数据进行捆绑以生成捆绑分组，并传递所生成的捆绑分组。控制器821可以具有执行如下控制的逻辑功能：该控制诸如为无线资源控制、无线承载控制、移动性管理、接纳控制和调度。该控制可以结合附近的eNB或核心网节点来执行。存储器822包括RAM和ROM，并且存储由控制器821执行的程序和各种类型的控制数据(诸如终端列表、传输功率数据以及调度数据)。
网络接口823为用于将基站设备820连接至核心网824的通信接口。控制器821可以经由网络接口823而与核心网节点或另外的eNB进行通信。在此情况下，eNB 800与核心网节点或其他eNB可以通过逻辑接口(诸如S1接口和X2接口)而彼此连接。网络接口823还可以为有线通信接口或用于无线回程线路的无线通信接口。如果网络接口823为无线通信接口，则与由无线通信接口825使用的频带相比，网络接口823可以使用较高频带用于无线通信。
无线通信接口825支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如长期演进(LTE)和LTE-先进)，并且经由天线810来提供到位于eNB 800的小区中的终端的无线连接。无线通信接口825通常可以包括例如基带(BB)处理器826和RF电路827。BB处理器826可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行层(例如L1、介质访问控制(MAC)、无线链路控制(RLC)和分组数据汇聚协议(PDCP))的各种类型的信号处理。代替控制器821，BB处理器826可以具有上述逻辑功能的一部分或全部。BB处理器826可以为存储通信控制程序的存储器，或者为包括被 配置为执行程序的处理器和相关电路的模块。更新程序可以使BB处理器826的功能改变。该模块可以为插入到基站设备820的槽中的卡或刀片。可替代地，该模块也可以为安装在卡或刀片上的芯片。同时，RF电路827可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线810来传送和接收无线信号。
如图27所示，无线通信接口825可以包括多个BB处理器826。例如，多个BB处理器826可以与eNB 800使用的多个频带兼容。如图27所示，无线通信接口825可以包括多个RF电路827。例如，多个RF电路827可以与多个天线元件兼容。虽然图27示出其中无线通信接口825包括多个BB处理器826和多个RF电路827的示例，但是无线通信接口825也可以包括单个BB处理器826或单个RF电路827。
在图27所示的eNB 800中，电子设备100的通信单元104、收发器可以由无线通信接口825实现。功能的至少一部分也可以由控制器821实现。例如，控制器821可以通过执行第一确定单元101、第二确定单元102、控制单元103和通信单元104的功能来利用基站相对于UE和LIS的波束发射方向缩小LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束扫描范围，降低波束训练开销。
(第二应用示例)
图28是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的eNB或gNB的示意性配置的第二示例的框图。注意，类似地，以下的描述以eNB作为示例，但是同样可以应用于gNB。eNB 830包括一个或多个天线840、基站设备850和RRH 860。RRH 860和每个天线840可以经由RF线缆而彼此连接。基站设备850和RRH 860可以经由诸如光纤线缆的高速线路而彼此连接。
天线840中的每一个均包括单个或多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)并且用于RRH 860发送和接收无线信号。如图28所示，eNB 830可以包括多个天线840。例如，多个天线840可以与eNB 830使用的多个频带兼容。虽然图28示出其中eNB 830包括多个天线840的示例，但是eNB 830也可以包括单个天线840。
基站设备850包括控制器851、存储器852、网络接口853、无线通信接口855以及连接接口857。控制器851、存储器852和网络接口853 与参照图27描述的控制器821、存储器822和网络接口823相同。
无线通信接口855支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE和LTE-先进)，并且经由RRH 860和天线840来提供到位于与RRH 860对应的扇区中的终端的无线通信。无线通信接口855通常可以包括例如BB处理器856。除了BB处理器856经由连接接口857连接到RRH 860的RF电路864之外，BB处理器856与参照图27描述的BB处理器826相同。如图28所示，无线通信接口855可以包括多个BB处理器856。例如，多个BB处理器856可以与eNB 830使用的多个频带兼容。虽然图28示出其中无线通信接口855包括多个BB处理器856的示例，但是无线通信接口855也可以包括单个BB处理器856。
连接接口857为用于将基站设备850(无线通信接口855)连接至RRH 860的接口。连接接口857还可以为用于将基站设备850(无线通信接口855)连接至RRH 860的上述高速线路中的通信的通信模块。
RRH 860包括连接接口861和无线通信接口863。
连接接口861为用于将RRH 860(无线通信接口863)连接至基站设备850的接口。连接接口861还可以为用于上述高速线路中的通信的通信模块。
无线通信接口863经由天线840来传送和接收无线信号。无线通信接口863通常可以包括例如RF电路864。RF电路864可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线840来传送和接收无线信号。如图28所示，无线通信接口863可以包括多个RF电路864。例如，多个RF电路864可以支持多个天线元件。虽然图28示出其中无线通信接口863包括多个RF电路864的示例，但是无线通信接口863也可以包括单个RF电路864。
在图28所示的eNB 830中，电子设备100的通信单元104、收发器可以由无线通信接口855和/或无线通信接口863实现。功能的至少一部分也可以由控制器851实现。例如，控制器851可以通过执行第一确定单元101、第二确定单元102、控制单元103和通信单元104的功能来利用基站相对于UE和LIS的波束发射方向缩小LIS与UE之间的反射链路的波束扫描范围，降低波束训练开销。
[关于用户设备的应用示例]
(第一应用示例)
图29是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的智能电话900的示意性配置的示例的框图。智能电话900包括处理器901、存储器902、存储装置903、外部连接接口904、摄像装置906、传感器907、麦克风908、输入装置909、显示装置910、扬声器911、无线通信接口912、一个或多个天线开关915、一个或多个天线916、总线917、电池918以及辅助控制器919。
处理器901可以为例如CPU或片上系统(SoC)，并且控制智能电话900的应用层和另外层的功能。存储器902包括RAM和ROM，并且存储数据和由处理器901执行的程序。存储装置903可以包括存储介质，诸如半导体存储器和硬盘。外部连接接口904为用于将外部装置(诸如存储卡和通用串行总线(USB)装置)连接至智能电话900的接口。
摄像装置906包括图像传感器(诸如电荷耦合器件(CCD)和互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS))，并且生成捕获图像。传感器907可以包括一组传感器，诸如测量传感器、陀螺仪传感器、地磁传感器和加速度传感器。麦克风908将输入到智能电话900的声音转换为音频信号。输入装置909包括例如被配置为检测显示装置910的屏幕上的触摸的触摸传感器、小键盘、键盘、按钮或开关，并且接收从用户输入的操作或信息。显示装置910包括屏幕(诸如液晶显示器(LCD)和有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器)，并且显示智能电话900的输出图像。扬声器911将从智能电话900输出的音频信号转换为声音。
无线通信接口912支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE和LTE-先进)，并且执行无线通信。无线通信接口912通常可以包括例如BB处理器913和RF电路914。BB处理器913可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行用于无线通信的各种类型的信号处理。同时，RF电路914可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线916来传送和接收无线信号。注意，图中虽然示出了一个RF链路与一个天线连接的情形，但是这仅是示意性的，还包括一个RF链路通过多个移相器与多个天线连接的情形。无线通信接口912可以为其上集成有BB处理器913和RF电路914的一个芯片模块。如图29所示，无线通信接口 912可以包括多个BB处理器913和多个RF电路914。虽然图29示出其中无线通信接口912包括多个BB处理器913和多个RF电路914的示例，但是无线通信接口912也可以包括单个BB处理器913或单个RF电路914。
此外，除了蜂窝通信方案之外，无线通信接口912可以支持另外类型的无线通信方案，诸如短距离无线通信方案、近场通信方案和无线局域网(LAN)方案。在此情况下，无线通信接口912可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的BB处理器913和RF电路914。
天线开关915中的每一个在包括在无线通信接口912中的多个电路(例如用于不同的无线通信方案的电路)之间切换天线916的连接目的地。
天线916中的每一个均包括单个或多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于无线通信接口912传送和接收无线信号。如图29所示，智能电话900可以包括多个天线916。虽然图29示出其中智能电话900包括多个天线916的示例，但是智能电话900也可以包括单个天线916。
此外，智能电话900可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的天线916。在此情况下，天线开关915可以从智能电话900的配置中省略。
总线917将处理器901、存储器902、存储装置903、外部连接接口904、摄像装置906、传感器907、麦克风908、输入装置909、显示装置910、扬声器911、无线通信接口912以及辅助控制器919彼此连接。电池918经由馈线向图29所示的智能电话900的各个块提供电力，馈线在图中被部分地示为虚线。辅助控制器919例如在睡眠模式下操作智能电话900的最小必需功能。
在图29所示的智能电话900中，电子设备200的通信单元201、收发器可以由无线通信接口912实现。功能的至少一部分也可以由处理器901或辅助控制器919实现。例如，处理器901或辅助控制器919可以通过执行通信单元201和确定单元202的功能来在基站的控制下通过对存在一一对应关系的波束对进行扫描来确定LIS与UE之间的反射链路的最优波束对，降低波束训练开销。
(第二应用示例)
图30是示出可以应用本公开内容的技术的汽车导航设备920的示意性配置的示例的框图。汽车导航设备920包括处理器921、存储器922、全球定位系统(GPS)模块924、传感器925、数据接口926、内容播放器927、存储介质接口928、输入装置929、显示装置930、扬声器931、无线通信接口933、一个或多个天线开关936、一个或多个天线937以及电池938。
处理器921可以为例如CPU或SoC，并且控制汽车导航设备920的导航功能和另外的功能。存储器922包括RAM和ROM，并且存储数据和由处理器921执行的程序。
GPS模块924使用从GPS卫星接收的GPS信号来测量汽车导航设备920的位置(诸如纬度、经度和高度)。传感器925可以包括一组传感器，诸如陀螺仪传感器、地磁传感器和空气压力传感器。数据接口926经由未示出的终端而连接到例如车载网络941，并且获取由车辆生成的数据(诸如车速数据)。
内容播放器927再现存储在存储介质(诸如CD和DVD)中的内容，该存储介质被插入到存储介质接口928中。输入装置929包括例如被配置为检测显示装置930的屏幕上的触摸的触摸传感器、按钮或开关，并且接收从用户输入的操作或信息。显示装置930包括诸如LCD或OLED显示器的屏幕，并且显示导航功能的图像或再现的内容。扬声器931输出导航功能的声音或再现的内容。
无线通信接口933支持任何蜂窝通信方案(诸如LTE和LTE-先进)，并且执行无线通信。无线通信接口933通常可以包括例如BB处理器934和RF电路935。BB处理器934可以执行例如编码/解码、调制/解调以及复用/解复用，并且执行用于无线通信的各种类型的信号处理。同时，RF电路935可以包括例如混频器、滤波器和放大器，并且经由天线937来传送和接收无线信号。无线通信接口933还可以为其上集成有BB处理器934和RF电路935的一个芯片模块。如图30所示，无线通信接口933可以包括多个BB处理器934和多个RF电路935。虽然图30示出其中无线通信接口933包括多个BB处理器934和多个RF电路935的示例，但是无线通信接口933也可以包括单个BB处理器934或单个RF电路935。
此外，除了蜂窝通信方案之外，无线通信接口933可以支持另外类型的无线通信方案，诸如短距离无线通信方案、近场通信方案和无线LAN方案。在此情况下，针对每种无线通信方案，无线通信接口933可以包括BB处理器934和RF电路935。
天线开关936中的每一个在包括在无线通信接口933中的多个电路(诸如用于不同的无线通信方案的电路)之间切换天线937的连接目的地。
天线937中的每一个均包括单个或多个天线元件(诸如包括在MIMO天线中的多个天线元件)，并且用于无线通信接口933传送和接收无线信号。如图30所示，汽车导航设备920可以包括多个天线937。虽然图30示出其中汽车导航设备920包括多个天线937的示例，但是汽车导航设备920也可以包括单个天线937。
此外，汽车导航设备920可以包括针对每种无线通信方案的天线937。在此情况下，天线开关936可以从汽车导航设备920的配置中省略。
电池938经由馈线向图30所示的汽车导航设备920的各个块提供电力，馈线在图中被部分地示为虚线。电池938累积从车辆提供的电力。
在图30示出的汽车导航设备920中，电子设备200的通信单元201、收发器可以由无线通信接口933实现。功能的至少一部分也可以由处理器921实现。例如，处理器921可以通过执行通信单元201和确定单元202的功能来在基站的控制下通过对存在一一对应关系的波束对进行扫描来确定LIS与UE之间的反射链路的最优波束对，降低波束训练开销。
本公开内容的技术也可以被实现为包括汽车导航设备920、车载网络941以及车辆模块942中的一个或多个块的车载系统(或车辆)940。车辆模块942生成车辆数据(诸如车速、发动机速度和故障信息)，并且将所生成的数据输出至车载网络941。
以上结合具体实施例描述了本公开的基本原理，但是，需要指出的是，对本领域的技术人员而言，能够理解本公开的方法和装置的全部或者任何步骤或部件，可以在任何计算装置(包括处理器、存储介质等)或者计算装置的网络中，以硬件、固件、软件或者其组合的形式实现， 这是本领域的技术人员在阅读了本公开的描述的情况下利用其基本电路设计知识或者基本编程技能就能实现的。
而且，本公开还提出了一种存储有机器可读取的指令代码的程序产品。所述指令代码由机器读取并执行时，可执行上述根据本公开实施例的方法。
相应地，用于承载上述存储有机器可读取的指令代码的程序产品的存储介质也包括在本公开的公开中。所述存储介质包括但不限于软盘、光盘、磁光盘、存储卡、存储棒等等。
在通过软件或固件实现本公开的情况下，从存储介质或网络向具有专用硬件结构的计算机(例如图31所示的通用计算机3100)安装构成该软件的程序，该计算机在安装有各种程序时，能够执行各种功能等。
在图31中，中央处理单元(CPU)3101根据只读存储器(ROM)3102中存储的程序或从存储部分3108加载到随机存取存储器(RAM)3103的程序执行各种处理。在RAM 3103中，也根据需要存储当CPU 3101执行各种处理等等时所需的数据。CPU 3101、ROM 3102和RAM 3103经由总线3104彼此连接。输入/输出接口3105也连接到总线3104。
下述部件连接到输入/输出接口3105：输入部分3106(包括键盘、鼠标等等)、输出部分3107(包括显示器，比如阴极射线管(CRT)、液晶显示器(LCD)等，和扬声器等)、存储部分3108(包括硬盘等)、通信部分3109(包括网络接口卡比如LAN卡、调制解调器等)。通信部分3109经由网络比如因特网执行通信处理。根据需要，驱动器3110也可连接到输入/输出接口3105。可移除介质3111比如磁盘、光盘、磁光盘、半导体存储器等等根据需要被安装在驱动器3110上，使得从中读出的计算机程序根据需要被安装到存储部分3108中。
在通过软件实现上述系列处理的情况下，从网络比如因特网或存储介质比如可移除介质3111安装构成软件的程序。
本领域的技术人员应当理解，这种存储介质不局限于图31所示的其中存储有程序、与设备相分离地分发以向用户提供程序的可移除介质3111。可移除介质3111的例子包含磁盘(包含软盘(注册商标))、光盘(包含光盘只读存储器(CD-ROM)和数字通用盘(DVD))、磁光盘(包含迷你盘(MD)(注册商标))和半导体存储器。或者，存储介质可以是 ROM 3102、存储部分3108中包含的硬盘等等，其中存有程序，并且与包含它们的设备一起被分发给用户。
还需要指出的是，在本公开的装置、方法和系统中，各部件或各步骤是可以分解和/或重新组合的。这些分解和/或重新组合应该视为本公开的等效方案。并且，执行上述系列处理的步骤可以自然地按照说明的顺序按时间顺序执行，但是并不需要一定按时间顺序执行。某些步骤可以并行或彼此独立地执行。
最后，还需要说明的是，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。此外，在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上虽然结合附图详细描述了本公开的实施例，但是应当明白，上面所描述的实施方式只是用于说明本公开，而并不构成对本公开的限制。对于本领域的技术人员来说，可以对上述实施方式作出各种修改和变更而没有背离本公开的实质和范围。因此，本公开的范围仅由所附的权利要求及其等效含义来限定。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种用于无线通信的电子设备，包括：
    处理电路，被配置为：
    确定基站针对用户设备的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向以及基站针对大规模智能表面LIS的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向；
    基于所述基站侧第一发射波束方向和所述基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定所述LIS针对所述用户设备的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及所述用户设备的接收波束的第二扫描范围；以及
    执行控制以基于所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围进行所述LIS与所述用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为通过对所述直达链路进行波束训练来确定所述基站侧第一发射波束方向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来确定所述基站侧第一发射波束方向。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为采用如下方式之一来确定所述基站侧第二发射波束方向：对所述基站与所述LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练；基于所述基站与所述LIS的几何位置关系来确定。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，其中，对所述基站与所述LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练包括采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路在被配置为采用对所述基站与所述LIS之间的反射链路进行波束训练来确定所述基站侧第二发射波束方向的情况下，基于所述基站接收功率最大时对应的时隙序号来确定所述基站侧第二发射波束方向。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为根据所述基站、所述LIS和所述用户设备之间的几何位置关系，基于所 述基站侧第一发射波束方向和所述基站侧第二发射波束方向来确定所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其中，所述基站侧第一发射波束方向和所述基站侧第二发射波束方向分别用波束标识表示，所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围分别包括待扫描的波束的标识。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电子设备，其中，所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围均具有如下角度范围：所述基站侧第一发射波束方向对应的第一出发角与所述基站侧第二发射波束方向对应的第二出发角的和。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为将所述第一扫描范围内的波束与所述第二扫描范围内的波束一一对应为波束对，并基于所述波束对控制所述LIS和所述用户设备执行波束扫描。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为采用基于分层码本的分层波束训练来进行所述LIS与所述用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述基站侧第一发射波束方向和所述基站侧第二发射波束方向均包括水平方向和竖直方向两者，所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围均包括水平扫描范围和竖直扫描范围两者。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，在存在多个LIS的情况下，所述处理电路被配置为依次针对每个LIS执行所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围的确定以及所述LIS与所述用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路还被配置为利用在前的LIS的所述第一扫描范围的确定结果和所述基站侧第二发射波束方向来进一步缩小在后的LIS的第一扫描范围和第二扫描范围。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电子设备，其中，针对所述多个LIS中的除第一个LIS之外的其他LIS，所述处理电路在没有直达链路的情况下执行所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围的确定以及所述LIS与所 述用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路还被配置为向所述LIS发送指示LIS操作模式的信令，所述LIS操作模式包括关闭和开启。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为向所述LIS发送指示关闭的信令以进行所述基站侧第一发射波束方向的确定，并且向所述LIS发送指示开启的信令以进行所述基站侧第二发射波束方向的确定和所述LIS与所述用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
  18. 根据权利要求2所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路还被配置为从所述用户设备获取针对所述直达链路的基站最优发射波束的标识，并基于所述基站最优发射波束确定所述基站侧第一发射波束方向。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路还被配置为从所述用户设备获取针对所述直达链路的用户设备最优接收波束的标识。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为向所述LIS的控制器发送所述第一扫描范围中的反射波束的标识，并且向所述用户设备发送所述第二扫描范围中的接收波束的标识，以执行波束扫描。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路被配置为通过物理下行控制信道向所述用户设备进行发送。
  22. 根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路还被配置为从所述用户设备接收所述用户设备通过所述波束扫描确定的针对所述反射链路的最优接收波束的标识，并基于该标识和所述波束对的信息确定所述LIS的最优反射波束。
  23. 一种用于无线通信的电子设备，包括：
    处理电路，被配置为：
    从基站接收特定扫描范围中的每一个接收波束的标识，并使用该接收波束来接收来自大规模智能表面LIS的反射波束，其中，所述接收波束与所述反射波束由所述基站确定为一一对应；
    基于波束测量的结果确定最优接收波束；以及
    将所述最优接收波束的标识提供给所述基站。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的电子设备，其中，所述处理电路还被配置为确定来自所述LIS的最优反射波束的标识，并将所述最优反射波束的标识提供给所述基站。
  25. 一种用于无线通信的方法，包括：
    确定基站针对用户设备的直达链路的基站侧第一发射波束方向以及基站针对大规模智能表面LIS的反射链路的基站侧第二发射波束方向；
    基于所述基站侧第一发射波束方向和所述基站侧第二发射波束方向，确定所述LIS针对所述用户设备的反射链路的反射波束的第一扫描范围以及所述用户设备的接收波束的第二扫描范围；以及
    执行控制以基于所述第一扫描范围和所述第二扫描范围进行所述LIS与所述用户设备之间的反射链路的波束训练。
  26. 一种用于无线通信的方法，包括：
    从基站接收特定扫描范围中的每一个接收波束的标识，并使用该接收波束来接收来自大规模智能表面LIS的反射波束，其中，所述接收波束与所述反射波束由所述基站确定为一一对应；
    基于波束测量的结果确定最优接收波束；以及
    将所述最优接收波束的标识提供给所述基站。
  27. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其上存储有计算机可执行指令，当所述计算机可执行指令被一个或多个处理器执行时，使得所述一个或多个处理器执行根据权利要求25或26所述的用于无线通信的方法。
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