WO2022252370A1 - Spim电机驱动电路及方法 - Google Patents

Spim电机驱动电路及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022252370A1
WO2022252370A1 PCT/CN2021/108169 CN2021108169W WO2022252370A1 WO 2022252370 A1 WO2022252370 A1 WO 2022252370A1 CN 2021108169 W CN2021108169 W CN 2021108169W WO 2022252370 A1 WO2022252370 A1 WO 2022252370A1
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Prior art keywords
winding
inverter unit
unit
spim motor
spim
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PCT/CN2021/108169
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘占军
马少才
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上海儒竞智控技术有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN202110625151.6A external-priority patent/CN113315448A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202121243396.4U external-priority patent/CN215120633U/zh
Application filed by 上海儒竞智控技术有限公司 filed Critical 上海儒竞智控技术有限公司
Publication of WO2022252370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022252370A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a single-phase asynchronous motor (Single Phase Induction Motor, SPIM), in particular to a SPIM motor drive circuit and method.
  • SPIM Single Phase Induction Motor
  • SPIM motor refers to an asynchronous motor using a single-phase AC power supply. Since only single-phase AC is required, SPIM motors have the advantages of convenient use, wide application, simple structure, low cost, low noise, and low interference to radio systems, so they are often used in household appliances and small power machinery with low power, such as Electric fans, washing machines, refrigerators, air conditioners, range hoods, electric drills, medical equipment, small fans and household water pumps, etc.
  • a SPIM motor is generally composed of a stator, a rotor, a bearing, a casing, an end cover, and the like. Due to the low output power, the rotor of the SPIM motor usually adopts a squirrel-cage rotor. There is a set of working windings on the stator, which is called the main winding (Main, referred to as the M winding). Negative alternating pulsating magnetic field cannot generate rotating magnetic field, so starting torque cannot be generated. In order to generate a rotating magnetic field in the air gap of the motor, an auxiliary winding (Aux, referred to as A winding) is also required on the stator. Since the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding and the magnetic field of the main winding are synthesized in the air gap of the motor to generate a rotating magnetic field, the motor generates a starting torque so that the rotor can rotate by itself.
  • Main winding Main winding
  • a winding auxiliary winding
  • the starting mode of the SPIM motor in the prior art is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the starting current of the main winding is too large, which is 5-10 times of the rated current, which leads to serious heating of the SPIM motor and wastes energy.
  • the capacitor can maintain the connection method as shown in Figure 1, or use a partial connection method as shown in Figure 2, or use only the main winding connection as shown in Figure 3 Way.
  • the motor flux linkage is generally elliptical, it will cause torque and speed fluctuations, and large energy consumption; at the same time It is impossible to adjust and control the SPIM motor to be at the optimum working point according to the load condition, which also leads to high energy consumption.
  • the SPIM motor When the SPIM motor adopts power electronic devices, it can adopt a variety of operation modes as shown in Figure 4-6, which has the advantages of small starting current, stable flux linkage control, small speed torque fluctuation, small energy loss, stable speed control, etc. . However, all the energy of the SPIM motor comes from the driver, causing the driver to bear the full power of the motor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of SPIM motor drive circuit and method, can realize less start-up current and less energy loss, can realize SPIM motor frequency conversion operation; In the running mode, the drive only needs to provide part of the energy required by the SPIM motor, and can realize hot switching from drive control to grid power frequency control.
  • the present invention provides a SPIM motor drive circuit, including a driver and an AC unit; the driver includes a rectifier unit, a DC bus, a first inverter unit and a second inverter unit, the rectifier The unit is connected to the DC bus, and the DC bus is respectively connected to the first inverter unit and the second inverter unit, and the first inverter unit is connected to the first inverter unit of the SPIM motor through a first switch.
  • the windings are connected; the second inverter unit is connected with the second winding of the SPIM motor; the AC unit includes an input AC, a second switch and a capacitor; the input AC is connected to the first AC through the second switch and the capacitor The windings are connected and connected with the input end of the rectification unit.
  • the first inverter unit and the second inverter unit are two-level inverters or three-level inverters.
  • the rectification unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem pole structure rectification circuit or a voltage doubler rectification circuit.
  • the present invention provides a kind of SPIM motor drive method, is applied to above-mentioned SPIM motor drive circuit, comprises the following steps;
  • the first switch When the SPIM motor is started or under variable frequency control, the first switch is closed and the second switch is opened;
  • the first winding of the SPIM motor is driven based on the first inverter unit; the second winding of the SPIM motor is driven based on the second inverter unit.
  • it also includes turning off the first switch and closing the second switch when the SPIM motor is switched from variable frequency to industrial frequency or when the switching tube of the first inverter unit is damaged , driving the first winding based on the input alternating current, and driving the second winding based on the second inverter unit.
  • the first inverter unit and the second inverter unit are two-level inverters or three-level inverters.
  • the rectification unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem pole structure rectification circuit or a voltage doubler rectification circuit.
  • the SPIM motor drive circuit and method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • the inverter unit can be used to drive the motor to start, and the vector control control is used to realize soft start, and the starting current is small; the current of the first winding and the second winding of the motor cooperate to form a circular magnetic field inside the motor, thereby reducing the loss of the motor and improving the motor. Efficiency; makes torque and speed fluctuations small, thereby reducing motor wear and improving motor life;
  • the motor can realize frequency conversion operation
  • the motor can be started by opening the switch S1 and closing the switch S2, and controlling the current of the second winding to match the current of the first winding to form a circular magnetic field. And the current is small and controlled throughout the process; and the inverter only bears part of the energy required for the motor to run.
  • Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the SPIM motor starting circuit in an embodiment in the prior art
  • Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of the SPIM motor operating circuit in the first embodiment in the prior art
  • Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of the SPIM motor operating circuit in the second embodiment in the prior art
  • Fig. 4 shows the structure schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the SPIM motor control circuit in the prior art
  • Fig. 5 shows the structure diagram of the fourth embodiment of the SPIM motor control circuit in the prior art
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of a SPIM motor control circuit in the prior art
  • Fig. 7 shows the structural representation of the SPIM motor drive circuit in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the SPIM motor driving method of the present invention.
  • the SPIM motor drive circuit and method of the present invention connect the second winding and the first winding of the SPIM motor to the inverter unit respectively, and connect the first winding to the power grid based on the switch circuit, so that the SPIM can be controlled by the driver to convert the frequency operation, it can also enable the first winding to optionally be based on the AC unit and the second winding based on the coordinated drive of the inverter unit to realize the fixed-frequency operation of the SPIM motor, and realize the hot switching between the drive control and the grid fixed-frequency control, and at the same time realize Small starting current and small energy loss, very practical.
  • the first winding and the second winding of the SPIM motor constitute the main winding and the auxiliary winding of the SPIM motor. That is, the first winding is the main winding or the auxiliary winding, and the second winding is the auxiliary winding or the main winding.
  • the SPIM motor driving circuit of the present invention includes a driver 1 and an AC unit 2 .
  • the driver 1 includes a rectification unit 11 , a DC bus 12 , a first inverter unit 13 , a second inverter unit 14 and a first switch 15 .
  • the rectifying unit 11 is connected to the DC bus 12 and used for converting the input AC Vac into DC and inputting the DC into the DC bus 12 .
  • the rectification unit adopts a single-phase uncontrolled rectification circuit, a single-phase PWM rectifier, a single-phase BOOST rectification circuit, a totem pole structure rectification circuit or a voltage doubler rectification circuit.
  • the rectification unit 11 may adopt a two-level rectification circuit or a three-level rectification circuit.
  • the input alternating current Vac and an inductor are connected in series between the two input ends of the rectification unit 11 , and the two output ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the DC bus 12 .
  • the DC bus 12 is respectively connected to the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14, and is used to input the DC power into the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit respectively 14.
  • the two ends of the DC bus 12 are respectively connected to the two input ends of the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14 for carrying the DC generated by the rectifier unit 11, and the The direct current is input into the first inverter unit 13 and the second inverter unit 14 .
  • the DC bus 12 uses electrolytic capacitors or batteries.
  • the first inverter unit 13 is connected to the first winding 31 of the SPIM motor 3 through the first switch 15, and is used to convert the direct current into alternating current and then input the first winding 31 through the first switch 15. .
  • the two input terminals of the first inverter unit 13 are connected to the two output terminals of the DC bus 12, and the two output terminals are respectively connected to the two ends of the first winding 31 after passing through the first switch 15. . Therefore, when the first switch 15 is closed, the output alternating current of the first inverter unit 13 can drive the first winding 31 .
  • the first inverter unit 13 adopts a two-level inverter or a three-level inverter.
  • the second inverter unit 14 is connected to the second winding 32 of the SPIM motor 3 for converting the direct current into alternating current and inputting it into the second winding 32 .
  • the two input ends of the second inverter unit 14 are connected to the two output ends of the DC bus 12, and the two output ends are respectively connected to the two ends of the second winding 32, thereby driving the second winding 32 32.
  • the second inverter unit 14 adopts a two-level inverter or a three-level inverter.
  • the AC unit 2 includes an input AC power 21, a second switch 22, and a capacitor 23; the input AC power 21 passes through the second switch 22; and is connected to the first winding 31 for passing the input AC power through the second switch 22; The switch 22 inputs the first winding 31 , and at the same time, the input AC power is also input to the input end of the rectifying unit 11 .
  • the input alternating current 21 may be provided by a grid, which is connected to both ends of the first winding 31 through the second switch 22 and the capacitor 23 . Therefore, when the second switch 22 is closed, the input alternating current 21 can drive the first winding 31 .
  • the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, the first winding is driven based on the first inverter unit, and the second winding Based on the driving of the second inverter unit, the current of the first winding leads the current of the second winding by 90°.
  • the control mode of the connection between the SPIM motor and the driver can realize the variable frequency operation of the motor.
  • the SPIM motor needs to operate at the power frequency, it can be driven to the power frequency grid frequency by the variable frequency drive mode.
  • the driving voltage Vm of the second winding is adjusted to keep the frequency and phase of Vac consistent, and then the first switch S1 is disconnected.
  • the second switch S2 is closed, the first winding 31 is driven based on the alternating current Vac, and the second winding 32 is driven based on the driver to realize thermal switching from variable frequency to industrial frequency.
  • the driver only provides part of the energy.
  • the SPIM motor drive circuit driver of the present invention can realize variable frequency control and power frequency fixed frequency control at the same time, can realize hot switching between drive control and grid control, and ensures the reliability of circuit operation.
  • the SPIM motor drive method of the present invention is applied to the above-mentioned SPIM motor drive circuit, including the following steps;
  • Step S1 when the SPIM motor starts or is in the state of frequency conversion control, close the first switch and open the second switch.
  • the first switch is closed, the second switch is opened, the first winding is driven based on the first inverter unit, and the second winding Driven based on the second inverter unit.
  • Step S2 driving the first winding of the SPIM motor based on the first inverter unit; driving the second winding of the SPIM motor based on the second inverter unit.
  • the alternating current output by the first inverter unit directly drives the first winding.
  • the alternating current output by the second inverter unit directly drives the second winding.
  • the SPIM motor of the present invention can operate under variable frequency and power frequency; if the SPIM motor needs to operate under power frequency conditions, the motor can be driven to power frequency by two inverter bridges first, Then turn off the first switch S1 and close the second switch S2 to realize the thermal switching of the SPIM motor from non-power frequency to power frequency operation; if the inverter bridge connected to the first winding is damaged, turn off the first switch S1, By closing the second switch S2, by controlling the current of the second winding and cooperating with the current of the first winding, the SPIM motor can still be started and run at power frequency. The reliability of circuit operation is guaranteed.
  • the SPIM motor driving method of the present invention also includes adjusting the currents of the first winding and the second winding, so that the combined magnetic field of the first winding and the second winding forms a circle, thereby reducing the damage and wear of the SPIM motor, increasing the energy efficiency and life of the SPIM motor.
  • the SPIM motor driving circuit of the present invention can realize soft start, variable frequency control and fixed frequency control of the SPIM motor.
  • the starting current is small; the synthetic magnetic field of the first winding and the second winding can be circular by adjusting the winding current, the torque and speed fluctuations are small, the efficiency is high, the wear of the motor is reduced, the life of the motor is improved, and the drive control can be realized to the power grid Hot switching of power frequency fixed frequency control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种SPIM电机驱动电路及方法，包括驱动器和交流单元；所述驱动器包括整流单元、直流母线、第一逆变单元和第二逆变单元，所述整流单元与所述直流母线相连，所述直流母线分别与所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元相连，所述第一逆变单元通过第一开关与所述SPIM电机的第一绕组相连；所述第二逆变单元与SPIM电机的第二绕组相连；所述交流单元包括输入交流电、第二开关和电容；所述输入交流电通过第二开关和所述电容与所述第一绕组相连，且与所述整流单元的输入端相连。本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路及方法能够实现较小的启动电流和较小的能量损耗，可以实现SPIM电机的变频和工频驱动，能够实现变频到工频的热切换，且在工频运行条件下驱动器仅需提供SPIM电机所需的部分能量。

Description

SPIM电机驱动电路及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及单相异步电机(Single Phase Induction Motor，SPIM)，特别是涉及一种SPIM电机驱动电路及方法。
背景技术
SPIM电机是指采用单相交流电源的异步电动机。由于只需要单相交流电，故SPIM电机具有使用方便、应用广泛、结构简单、成本低廉、噪声小、对无线电系统干扰小等优点，因而常用在功率不大的家用电器和小型动力机械中，如电风扇、洗衣机、电冰箱、空调、抽油烟机、电钻、医疗器械、小型风机及家用水泵等。
现有技术中，SPIM电机通常由定子、转子、轴承、机壳、端盖等构成。由于输出功率不大，SPIM电机的转子通常采用鼠笼型转子，定子上有一套工作绕组，称为主绕组(Main，简称为M绕组)，其在电动机的气隙中，只能产生正、负交变的脉振磁场，不能产生旋转磁场，故不能产生起动转矩。为了使电动机气隙中能产生旋转磁场，定子上还需要有套辅助绕组(Aux，简称为A绕组)。由于辅助绕组产生的磁场与主绕组的磁场在电动机气隙中合成产生旋转磁场，故电动机产生起动转矩，使得转子能够自行转动起来。
现有技术中的SPIM电机的启动方式如图1所示。但该方式下，主绕组启动电流过大，为额定电流的5-10倍，导致SPIM电机发热严重，造成了能源浪费。
SPIM电机启动后即开始进入运行状态，此时电容可保持如图1所示的连接方式，也可以采用如图2所示的部分连接方式，还可以采用如图3所示的仅主绕组连接方式。但是，上述SPIM电机运行方式下，由于SPIM电机设计本身不能保证启动与运行同时满足最优工作点，且电机磁链一般为椭圆形，故会导致转矩和转速波动，能耗较大；同时无法根据负载情况来调整控制所述SPIM电机处于最优工作点，也导致能耗较大。
当SPIM电机采用电力电子器件后，其可采用如图4-6所示的多种运行方式，具有启动电流小、磁链稳定控制、转速转矩波动小、能量损耗小、转速稳定控制等优点。但是，SPIM电机的所有能量均来自于驱动器，导致驱动器需要承受全部的电机功率。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种SPIM电机驱动电路及方法，能够实现较小的启动电流和较小的能量损耗，可以实现SPIM电机变频运行；在电网工 频运行方式下，驱动器仅需提供SPIM电机所需的部分能量，且能够实现驱动控制到电网工频控制的热切换。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的，本发明提供一种SPIM电机驱动电路，包括驱动器和交流单元；所述驱动器包括整流单元、直流母线、第一逆变单元和第二逆变单元，所述整流单元与所述直流母线相连，所述直流母线分别与所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元相连，所述第一逆变单元通过第一开关与所述SPIM电机的第一绕组相连；所述第二逆变单元与SPIM电机的第二绕组相连；所述交流单元包括输入交流电、第二开关和电容；所述输入交流电通过第二开关和所述电容与所述第一绕组相连，且与所述整流单元的输入端相连。
于本发明一实施例中，所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元采用两电平逆变器或三电平逆变器。
于本发明一实施例中，所述整流单元采用单相不控整流电路、单相PWM整流器、单相BOOST整流电路、图腾柱结构整流电路或倍压整流电路。
本发明提供一种SPIM电机驱动方法，应用于上述的SPIM电机驱动电路，包括以下步骤；
所述SPIM电机启动或处于变频控制状态下，闭合第一开关，断开第二开关；
基于第一逆变单元驱动SPIM电机的第一绕组；基于第二逆变单元驱动所述SPIM电机的第二绕组。于本发明一实施例中，还包括当所述SPIM电机由变频向工频切换时或所述第一逆变单元开关管发生损坏时，断开所述第一开关，闭合所述第二开关，基于输入交流电驱动所述第一绕组，基于所述第二逆变单元驱动所述第二绕组。
于本发明一实施例中，所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元采用两电平逆变器或三电平逆变器。
于本发明一实施例中，所述整流单元采用单相不控整流电路、单相PWM整流器、单相BOOST整流电路、图腾柱结构整流电路或倍压整流电路。
如上所述，本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路及方法，具有以下有益效果：
(1)可采用逆变单元驱动电机启动，采用矢量控制控制实现软启动，启动电流小；电机第一绕组和第二绕组电流配合在电机内部形成圆形磁场，从而减少电机的损耗，提升电机效率；使得转矩、转速波动小，从而减少电机磨损，提升电机寿命；
(2)在逆变器单元模式下，电机可以实现变频运行；
(3)在电机磁场转速达到电网频率时，可以断开S1，闭合S2，实现变频驱动到工频驱动的热切换，使得驱动器和电网共同控制电机运行；通过调整第二绕组电流配合第一绕组电 流形成圆形磁场，电机转速波动小，损耗小；该模式下电网承受电机需求的部分能量，变频器承受电机需求的部分能量；
(4)若与第一绕组连接的逆变器开关管若损坏，可以通过断开开关S1，闭合开关S2，通过控制第二绕组电流配合第一绕组电流，形成圆形磁场，实现电机启动，且整个过程中电流小且受控；且逆变器只承受电机运行所需的部分能量。
附图说明
图1显示为现有技术中SPIM电机启动电路于一实施例中的结构示意图；
图2显示为现有技术中SPIM电机运行电路于第一实施例中的结构示意图；
图3显示为现有技术中SPIM电机运行电路于第二实施例中的结构示意图；
图4显示为现有技术中SPIM电机控制电路于第三实施例中的结构示意图；
图5显示为现有技术中SPIM电机控制电路于第四实施例中的结构示意图；
图6显示为现有技术中SPIM电机控制电路于第五实施例中的结构示意图；
图7显示为本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路于一实施例中的结构示意图；
图8显示为本发明的SPIM电机驱动方法于一实施例中的流程图。
元件标号说明
1                     驱动器
11                    整流单元
12                    直流母线
13                    第一逆变单元
14                    第二逆变单元
15                    第一开关
2                     交流单元
21                    输入交流电
22                    第二开关
23                    电容
3                     SPIM电机
31                    第一绕组
32                    第二绕组
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式，熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
须知，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路及方法通过将SPIM电机的第二绕组和第一绕组分别连接于逆变单元，且将所述第一绕组基于开关电路连接于电网，从而实现SPIM可以由驱动器控制变频运行，也可以使得所述第一绕组能够可选地基于交流单元和第二绕组基于逆变单元协同驱动实现SPIM电机定频运行，实现了驱动控制和电网定频控制的热切换，同时实现了较小的启动电流和较小的能量损耗，极具实用性。其中，所述SPIM电机的第一绕组和第二绕组构成了所述SPIM电机的主绕组和辅助绕组。即所述第一绕组为主绕组或辅助绕组，所述第二绕组为辅助绕组或主绕组。
如图7所示，于一实施例中，本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路包括驱动器1和交流单元2。
所述驱动器1包括整流单元11、直流母线12、第一逆变单元13、第二逆变单元14和第一开关15。
所述整流单元11与所述直流母线12相连，用于将输入交流电Vac转换为直流电，并将所述直流电输入所述直流母线12。具体地，所述整流单元采用单相不控整流电路、单相PWM整流器、单相BOOST整流电路、图腾柱结构整流电路或倍压整流电路。优选地，所述整流单元11可采用两电平整流电路，也可以采用三电平整流电路。只要将输入交流电转换为直流电的整流电路均在本发明的保护范围之列。在该实施例中，所述整流单元11的两输入端间串联有所述输入交流电Vac和电感，两输出端分别与所述直流母线12的两端相连。
所述直流母线12分别与所述第一逆变单元13和所述第二逆变单元14相连，用于将所述直流电分别输入所述第一逆变单元13和所述第二逆变单元14。具体地，所述直流母线12的两端分别与所述第一逆变单元13和所述第二逆变单元14的两输入端相连，用于承载所述整流单元11生成的直流电，并将所述直流电输入所述第一逆变单元13和所述第二逆变单元 14。于本发明一实施例中，所述直流母线12采用电解电容或电池。
所述第一逆变单元13通过第一开关15与所述SPIM电机3的第一绕组31相连，用于将所述直流电转换为交流电后经由所述第一开关15输入所述第一绕组31。具体地，所述第一逆变单元13的两输入端与所述直流母线12的两输出端相连，两输出端经过所述第一开关15后分别连接在所述第一绕组31的两端。故当所述第一开关15闭合时，所述第一逆变单元13的输出交流电即可驱动所述第一绕组31。于本发明一实施例中，所述第一逆变单元13采用两电平逆变器或三电平逆变器。
所述第二逆变单元14与SPIM电机3的第二绕组32相连，用于将所述直流电转换为交流电后输入所述第二绕组32。具体地，所述第二逆变单元14的两输入端与所述直流母线12的两输出端相连，两输出端分别连接在所述第二绕组32的两端，从而驱动所述第二绕组32。于本发明一实施例中，所述第二逆变单元14采用两电平逆变器或三电平逆变器。
所述交流单元2包括输入交流电21、第二开关22和电容23；所述输入交流电21通过第二开关22；与所述第一绕组31相连，用于将所述输入交流电经由所述第二开关22输入所述第一绕组31，同时所述输入交流电还输入所述整流单元11的输入端。具体地，所述输入交流电21可由电网提供，其经过所述第二开关22和所述电容23，连接在所述第一绕组31的两端。故当所述第二开关22闭合时，所述输入交流电21即可驱动所述第一绕组31。
在所述SPIM电机驱动电路的启动和变频控制过程中，所述第一开关闭合，所述第二开关断开，所述第一绕组基于所述第一逆变单元驱动，所述第二绕组基于所述第二逆变单元驱动，所述第一绕组电流超前第二绕组电流90°。SPIM电机与驱动器连接的控制方式可以实现电机的变频运行。当SPIM电机需要进行工频运行时，可以由变频驱动方式运行到工频电网频率，先调整第二绕组的驱动电压Vm与Vac的频率和相位保持一致，后第一开关S1断开，所述第二开关S2闭合，所述第一绕组31基于所述交流电Vac驱动，所述第二绕组32基于所述驱动器驱动，以实现变频到工频的热切换，此时驱动器只提供电机运行所需的部分能量。当所述第一逆变单元开关管损坏时，所述第一开关断开，所述第二开关闭合，所述第一绕组基于所述交流单元驱动，所述第二绕组基于所述第二逆变单元驱动。因此，本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路驱动器能同时实现变频控制和工频定频控制，能够实现驱动控制和电网控制的热切换，保证了电路运行的可靠性。
如图8所示，于一实施例中，本发明的SPIM电机驱动方法应用于上述的SPIM电机驱动电路，包括以下步骤；
步骤S1、所述SPIM电机启动或处于变频控制状态时，闭合第一开关，断开第二开关。
具体地，在所述SPIM电机启动和变频控制过程时，所述第一开关闭合，所述第二开关断开，所述第一绕组基于所述第一逆变单元驱动，所述第二绕组基于所述第二逆变单元驱动。
步骤S2、基于第一逆变单元驱动SPIM电机的第一绕组；基于第二逆变单元驱动所述SPIM电机的第二绕组。
具体地，所述第一逆变单元输出的交流电直接驱动所述第一绕组。所述第二逆变单元输出的交流电直接驱动所述第二绕组。
于本发明一实施例中，本发明的SPIM电机可以在变频和工频下运行；若SPIM电机需要在工频条件下运行，可以先通过两个逆变桥驱动实现电机运转到工频频率，后断开第一开关S1，闭合第二开关S2，实现SPIM电机由非工频到工频运行的热切换；若与第一绕组连接的逆变桥发生损坏时，断开第一开关S1，闭合第二开关S2，通过控制第二绕组的电流，配合第一绕组电流，仍可以实现SPIM电机的启动和工频运行。保证了电路运行的可靠性。
优选地，本发明的SPIM电机驱动方法还包括调节所述第一绕组和所述第二绕组的电流，使所述第一绕组和所述第二绕组的合成磁场构成圆形，从而降低所述SPIM电机的损坏和磨损，提升所述SPIM电机的能效和寿命。
综上所述，本发明的SPIM电机驱动电路可以实现的SPIM电机软启动、变频控制和定频控制。启动电流小；能够通过调节绕组电流，使得第一绕组和第二绕组的合成磁场为圆形，转矩、转速波动小，效率高，减少电机磨损，提升电机寿命，且能够实现驱动控制到电网工频定频控制的热切换。即使在驱动器第一逆变单元发生开关管损坏的情况下，通过对第一开关和第二开关的控制，调节第二绕组电流配合第一绕组电流形成圆形磁场，也能够保证SPIM电机的小电流启动和工频运行。所以，本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种SPIM电机驱动电路，其特征在于：包括驱动器和交流单元；
    所述驱动器包括整流单元、直流母线、第一逆变单元和第二逆变单元，所述整流单元与所述直流母线相连，所述直流母线分别与所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元相连，所述第一逆变单元通过第一开关与所述SPIM电机的第一绕组相连；所述第二逆变单元与SPIM电机的第二绕组相连；
    所述交流单元包括输入交流电、第二开关和电容；所述输入交流电通过第二开关和所述电容与所述第一绕组相连，且与所述整流单元的输入端相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的SPIM电机驱动电路，其特征在于：所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元采用两电平逆变器或三电平逆变器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的SPIM电机驱动电路，其特征在于：所述整流单元采用单相不控整流电路、单相PWM整流器、单相BOOST整流电路、图腾柱结构整流电路或倍压整流电路。
  4. 一种SPIM电机驱动方法，应用于权利要求1-3之一所述的SPIM电机驱动电路，其特征在于：包括以下步骤；
    所述SPIM电机启动或处于变频控制状态下，闭合第一开关，断开第二开关；
    基于第一逆变单元驱动SPIM电机的第一绕组；基于第二逆变单元驱动所述SPIM电机的第二绕组。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的SPIM电机驱动方法，其特征在于：当所述SPIM电机由变频向工频切换或所述第一逆变单元开关管发生损坏时，断开所述第一开关，闭合所述第二开关，基于输入交流电驱动所述第一绕组，基于所述第二逆变单元驱动所述第二绕组。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的SPIM电机驱动方法，其特征在于：所述第一逆变单元和所述第二逆变单元采用两电平逆变器或三电平逆变器。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的SPIM电机驱动方法，其特征在于：所述整流单元采用单相不控整流电路、单相PWM整流器、单相BOOST整流电路、图腾柱结构整流电路或倍压整流电路。
PCT/CN2021/108169 2021-06-04 2021-07-23 Spim电机驱动电路及方法 WO2022252370A1 (zh)

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CN1808888A (zh) * 1997-11-06 2006-07-26 惠尔普尔公司 电动机转速和方向控制器及其方法
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CN206432928U (zh) * 2017-02-20 2017-08-22 卢丹 一种单相电动机变频驱动电路
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CN2061349U (zh) * 1989-11-30 1990-08-29 唐德尧 分相电动机节能启动限流保护器
CN1808888A (zh) * 1997-11-06 2006-07-26 惠尔普尔公司 电动机转速和方向控制器及其方法
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