WO2022248777A1 - Sonde échographique et procédé de mise en oeuvre - Google Patents
Sonde échographique et procédé de mise en oeuvre Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022248777A1 WO2022248777A1 PCT/FR2022/000051 FR2022000051W WO2022248777A1 WO 2022248777 A1 WO2022248777 A1 WO 2022248777A1 FR 2022000051 W FR2022000051 W FR 2022000051W WO 2022248777 A1 WO2022248777 A1 WO 2022248777A1
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- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/4461—Features of the scanning mechanism, e.g. for moving the transducer within the housing of the probe
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4427—Device being portable or laptop-like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/5207—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves involving processing of raw data to produce diagnostic data, e.g. for generating an image
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/54—Control of the diagnostic device
Definitions
- the invention relates to the general field of echography and more particularly that of echographic probes of the type comprising at least one piezoelectric transducer element mounted with oscillating pivoting, with mechanical sector scanning. More specifically, aspects of the invention relate to the accuracy of the position of the transducer element.
- the invention relates not only to the probes, but also to the echographs which comprise them and the methods of implementation.
- an echograph is a system comprising an ultrasonic transmission and reception probe, intended to be placed on the part of the body (in particular the human body) corresponding to the area of interest to be explorer, and a central electronic system comprising a processor with algorithms, a keyboard, means of visualization and display, adjustment, storage, etc. so as to form an image from the echoes received by the probe following the ultrasonic emission.
- a central electronic system comprising a processor with algorithms, a keyboard, means of visualization and display, adjustment, storage, etc. so as to form an image from the echoes received by the probe following the ultrasonic emission.
- Such an ultrasound scanner is used for a number of medical applications such as non-limiting cardiology or obstetrics, for the purpose of acquiring information with a view, for example, to studies, research, checks and diagnoses.
- the central system is conventionally mounted on a mobile cart and connected to the operational probe by cables.
- an ultrasound probe comprises a casing for handling and protecting its contents with an external shape suitable for use, in the interior space of which, and with regard to an acoustic window of the housing, there is at least one single or multiple piezoelectric transducer element.
- a transducer has a resonance frequency usually between 1 MHz and 30 MHz. It may be necessary to interpose a coupling fluid between the transducer element(s) and the acoustic window, in particular with mechanical scanning probes.
- the transducer element transmits an ultrasonic detection signal to an area of interest of the body for which an ultrasound image is desired, which can be described as an ultrasonic beam having a certain median direction.
- the transducer element receives echoes reflected from impacted body tissues, interfaces, or organs in the area of interest.
- the operator moves the probe relative to the body according to different locations and inclinations to investigate the desired organ(s).
- Such an echographic probe can also include means for supplying, processing, adjusting, controlling, checking, connecting, communicating, etc.
- the probe has a unidirectional or multidirectional ultrasonic beam, then subject to sector scanning of the zone of interest to be explored. If, for the most part, this scanning is electronic, it can also be mechanical (e.g. FR 2516246, EP 0045265, EP 0079284).
- this scanning can also be mechanical (e.g. FR 2516246, EP 0045265, EP 0079284).
- several transducer elements are provided, fixed spaced apart to a bearing member pivotally mounted (e.g. disc, wheel, drum), driven with mechanically oscillating pivoting, by means of a motor and possibly a transmission member intermediate movement (e.g. belt, sprockets, connecting rod).
- the active transducer performs a sector scan in front of the exploration zone.
- the transducer During the alternating sector scan, the transducer, at each successive position, emits an ultrasonic pulse in the direction of the zone to be explored and picks up in return a line of echoes returned by the medium. Thus for a complete swept sector of the order of 40° to 90° the transducer picks up a set of approximately one hundred echo lines.
- the visual reconstruction of the area of interest is carried out from the juxtaposition of echo lines through the implementation of an image formation algorithm. Successive scanning back and forth several times per second results in an animated representation of the area of interest.
- US 2010/324416 describes a real-time ultrasound medical imaging system and, more specifically, teaches such a system in a specific configuration comprising a group (a bar) of transducers, connected to a translation element itself even driven by an ultrasonic motor, which is chosen to have the advantage of having a very precise movement, of being able to be positioned precisely, of having an excellent response, and of being able to be moved and stopped very quickly, and this as opposed to electromagnetic motors.
- the drive motor of a transducer element can be a stepper motor (eg US 7635335, EP 0476495), with the inherent advantages: simplicity, robustness, moderate cost, reliability , delivery of a high torque at low speed, suitability for the environment of an ultrasound probe (EP 1744178).
- a stepper motor there arises the problem of the inevitable existence of an angular difference between the actual position of the transducer element and its theoretical position (EP 0079284 ), resulting from the angular inaccuracy of the engine and the inaccuracy generated, in particular in use, by the transmission component of movement.
- a closed-loop optical servo device is provided to detect the position of the array of transducer elements.
- the drum carrying the plurality of mounted transducer elements and the drive wheel at the output of a motor, itself equipped with a position encoder device is specially designed to prevent the slippage of the the belt connecting them.
- the implementation of one or more encoders is trivial (e.g. FR 2516246, EP 1838753, US 6645151 with two encoders).
- FR 2409742 provides additional optical means for generating signals indicating the position of the rotating transducer element in order to supply signals to a servo drive.
- EP 0201137 provides an optical encoder. According to FR 2479531, shifts occur from one scan to the next and a digital processing and storage device is provided.
- CN109951129 describes a method for controlling a stepper motor, without a position sensor, which comprises the following steps: obtaining information on the position of the motor rotor estimated by the observer at the target instant as a function of the two-phase current and two-phase voltage of the motor; comparing the theoretical motor rotor position information with the estimated position information at the target time to determine the motor rotor position error compensation value; compensate the position of the motor rotor according to the position error compensation value.
- CN 106571758 discloses a stepper motor offset compensation method used for an ultrasonic probe further having a transducer.
- the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the actual position information of the transducer by calculating the number of steps of the motor for the transducer to reach its actual position; comparing the actual position information with the target position information to obtain stepper motor offset data; comparing the desynchronization data with a predefined threshold to determine the range of thresholds to which the desynchronization data belongs; determining the compensation mode corresponding to the desynchronization data according to the threshold range; execution of the netting transaction.
- action is taken on the motor to compensate for its previously calculated offset.
- WO2019122665 describes a method for determining the positioning in the deployed position of an implantable medical device comprising, from a three-dimensional image of a region of interest comprising the vascular structure in which a positioning point has been defined, the steps for determining a central line of the artery, for positioning the device according to a initial position, around the central line, for simulating the final position of the device as a function of stresses exerted by the walls of the vascular structure, in which the determination of the central line consists of placing points at different longitudinal positions along of the vascular structure, so as to minimize a fluid travel time along said points between a point of entry into the vascular structure and an exit point of the vascular structure, the travel time being minimized using an algorithm of gradient descent, said points forming the central line.
- US2009/0030326 relates to a portable ultrasound diagnostic device specifically dedicated to calculating the quantity of urine in the bladder, and an ultrasound diagnostic method using the device.
- This device overcomes the limitations of known devices in which ultrasound images of the bladder are taken only in two perpendicular planes, with the difficulty for the operator to find the area indicating the largest size and select it in order to avoid calculating a imprecise amount of urine.
- This device comprises a 1st stepper motor to rotate a transducer in a 1st direction and a 2nd stepper motor to rotate the transducer in a 2nd direction, with two operating modes: in a 1st mode of operation, ultrasound information elements of n scan lines are received for a single plane at a given location of the transducer, and in a 2 nd mode of operation, ultrasound information of n scan lines are received for each of m planes.
- the apparatus therefore comprises two stepper motors having a transducer and two axes of rotation for both the motors and the transducer.
- the apparatus takes into account ultrasound information on a plurality of planes evenly spaced over 360°, which leads to very precise calculated values.
- the device can be controlled to operate in a preliminary scan mode, and the operator moves the probe or adjusts its angle of inclination, so that the bladder can be located in the central part of the ultrasound image. After that, the device can be controlled to operate in scanning mode at a location close to the center of the urinary bladder and this repeatedly for m planes. But, as explained by US2009/0030326, it is possible that the scanning is then carried out in a state in which the center of a first axis of rotation is displaced, which leads to an error in the calculation of the volume of urine .
- the device is designed to be able to perform a digital correction tending to reduce such an error and to accurately measure the quantity of urine in the bladder.
- a method for implementing an ultrasound scanner comprising an ultrasound probe for exploring an area of interest of the human body, in which: a mechanical drive means forming a kinematic chain, including a stepper motor, a movement transmission member, and a member carrying a transducer element mounted in rotation by means of the stepper motor, and by means of the transducer element a plurality of echo lines are picked up upon receipt of a plurality of successive shots of ultrasonic pulses emitted in the direction of the area of interest, controlled by a shot and movement scheduler pilot, a image formation algorithm so as to ensure the two-dimensional visual reconstruction of the zone of interest from the juxtaposition of the image points of the echo lines and a two-dimensional animated representation of the zone of interest as a result of the goings and goings r successive turns of the scan.
- a mechanical drive means which comprises one and only one stepper motor and whose transducer element is carried in a fixed manner by the carrier member and pivotally driven by the stepper motor , around one and only one pivot axis, according to an alternating sector scan from a reference position, having observed faults in the mechanical drive means, or an angular shift between the outward echo lines and the return echo lines, or a tremor of the two-dimensional image, associated with faults in the kinematic chain of the mechanical means d drive, the effects on the image produced of the defects of the mechanical drive means are used directly, and the control of the stepping motor and/or the image is corrected to reduce, in particular minimize, and in particular eliminate, or almost eliminate the tremor of the image due to the shift between the successive images, associated with the operation and the setting in motion of the mechanical drive means and for this purpose: o an analysis of the image points is carried out along an arc at a given depth - of the area of interest - of two series of successive outward and return
- a stepper motor without an encoder is implemented.
- the method is such that one takes advantage and directly uses the effects on the produced image, of the defects of the mechanical means of the probe, to correct the image, so that the effects of the defects of the means mechanical (shake of the image) are reduced, in particular minimized, and in particular eliminated or virtually eliminated, without resorting to means of additional measurement of the errors.
- the series of echo lines of the outward image is acquired and the curve of an outward arc is reconstituted consisting of all the image points of the lines of echo located at the same depth
- the series of echo lines of the return image is acquired and the curve of a return arc is reconstituted consisting of all the image points of the echo lines located at the same depth
- the distance between the points of the outward arc curve and the return arc curve is minimized by gradually shifting one relative to the other other, until retaining the offset giving the minimum distance as being the angular offset between the outward echo lines and the return echo lines.
- a gradient descent algorithm is applied to a first forward arc and to a first return arc to obtain a first offset dl
- a gradient descent algorithm is applied to the first return arc and a second forward arc which follows it, to obtain a second offset d2
- the offset associated with the mechanical play (dl-d2) is taken as 12.
- a calculation of the value of the angular shift is carried out repeatedly, then, when a value of the shift thus calculated is considered reliable, the return images are corrected in the image formation algorithm by applying to them an inverse rotation of the offset value thus calculated and considered reliable.
- a calculation of the value of the angular offset is carried out repeatedly, then, when a value of the offset thus calculated is considered reliable, it is stored in a persistent manner. and the firing and movement scheduler pilot is controlled so as to shift the firings in time of the firings relating to the return movement, and this according to the value of the shift thus calculated and considered reliable.
- the method is such that, on the one hand, the movement of the probe is detected, and on the other hand: when initially one seeks to identify a zone of interest in exploring, the probe is moved widely for the purpose of location research, the probe then being in fast nominal frame rate mode and the image obtained being of nominal resolution, and when in a second time the zone of interest in exploring has been identified, we seek to obtain a higher resolution image, we keep the probe static or quasi-static, the probe can then be in slowed frame rate mode and the image obtained being of higher resolution .
- n frequencies are chosen so as to allow n depths of examination, the frequency corresponding to the depth of examination is selected desired, and and the stepper motor is controlled so as to move the carrier member and bring the transducer element corresponding to the selected frequency to its operating position.
- n is equal to three, and the frequencies are equal to or close to 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz and 7.5 MHz respectively.
- a portable digital device capable of executing a programmed application adapted to the execution of a functionality, such as a smartphone or a tablet, having means of communication such as in particular the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth protocol or even the Internet protocol, a screen, control means, a memory, there is a probe for exploring a zone of interest of the human body, comprising a mechanical drive means forming a kinematic chain, including a stepper motor, a motion transmission member, and a member carrying a transducer element mounted in rotation by means of the stepper motor, the mechanical means of drive being chosen to comprise one and only one stepping motor and a transducer element carried in a fixed manner by the carrier member and pivotally driven by the stepping motor, around one and only one pivoting axis, according to a reciprocating sector scan from a reference position, means for analyzing image points along an arc at a given depth such that, with faults in the mechanical drive means, there is an angular shift between the lines of echoe
- the angular offset of the lines associated with the operation of the drive means is calculated either from the portable digital device or from the probe; and/or the angular offset thus calculated is compensated either from the portable digital device or from the probe.
- an echograph capable of being implemented by the method as it has been described, which comprises: a probe for exploring a zone of interest of the human body , comprising a mechanical drive means forming a kinematic chain, including a stepping motor, a movement transmission member, and a member carrying a transducer element mounted in rotation by means of the stepping motor, this mechanical means drive being chosen to comprise one and only one stepper motor and a transducer element carried in a fixed manner by the carrier member and pivotally driven by the stepper motor, about one and only one pivot axis, according to an alternating sector scan starting from a reference position, the transducer element capable of picking up a plurality of lines of echoes in reception of a plurality of successive shots of ultrasonic pulses emitted in the direction of the zone of interest , controlled by a scheduling pilot d e shots and movements, an angular offset between the outgoing echo lines and the return echo lines existing with the defects of the mechanical drive
- the stepper motor has no encoder.
- the carrier member supports n transducer elements each having its own frequency so as to allow n depths of examination, and a control means is able to control the stepper motor so as to move the carrier member and to bring the transducer element corresponding to the selected frequency to its operating position.
- n is equal to three, and the frequencies are equal to or close to 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz and 7.5 MHz respectively.
- the ultrasound scanner is such that: it further comprises a portable digital device, capable of executing a programmed application adapted to the execution of a functionality, such as a smartphone or a tablet, having communication means such as in particular the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth protocol or even the Internet protocol, a screen, control means, a memory, the probe comprises communication means capable of communicating with the communication means of the portable digital device, the device portable digital device is arranged so as to be able to configure and control the probe, display the images obtained by and received from the probe on the screen of the portable digital device, transmit the images obtained by and received from the probe to a storage platform external.
- a portable digital device capable of executing a programmed application adapted to the execution of a functionality, such as a smartphone or a tablet, having communication means such as in particular the Wi-Fi or Bluetooth protocol or even the Internet protocol, a screen, control means, a memory
- the probe comprises communication means capable of communicating with the communication means of the portable digital device
- the device portable digital device is arranged so as to be able to configure
- the echograph is such that the probe comprises: a wet compartment containing a coupling liquid and provided with an acoustic window, in which are housed the member carrying the transducer element such as a rotating drum, a dry compartment in which the electronic means, the means of communication, a power supply are housed, and which also includes one or more ports for a battery charger and a computer.
- either the wet compartment serves as a housing for the sole transducer element carrier member (rotating drum) and the rest of the drive means, in particular the stepper motor, is housed in the dry compartment, with the presence of a dynamic seal (for example on the shaft) of the leaktight separation between the two compartments, i.e. the entire drive means, member carrying the transducer element (rotating drum) and the rest of the drive means (including the stepping motor) is housed in the wet compartment, a dynamic seal of the sealed separation between the two compartments being no longer necessary, the electrical connections with the stepping motor being provided waterproof.
- a dynamic seal for example on the shaft
- the echograph is such that the drive means include a motion transmission member between the stepper motor and the member carrying the transducer element, such as a toothed belt cooperating with notches of a rotary drive member at the output of the stepper motor and the notches of a rotary driven member at the input of the member carrying the transducer element.
- a motion transmission member between the stepper motor and the member carrying the transducer element such as a toothed belt cooperating with notches of a rotary drive member at the output of the stepper motor and the notches of a rotary driven member at the input of the member carrying the transducer element.
- the portable digital device and the probe are arranged so that: means belonging to the portable digital device ensure the calculation of the angular shift of the lines associated with the operation of the drive means and/or the compensation of the angular offset thus calculated; and/or means belonging to the probe ensure the calculation of the angular shift of the lines associated with the operation of the drive means and/or the compensation of the angular shift thus calculated.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating an echograph according to the invention, comprising an echographic probe for exploring a zone of interest of the human body, comprising a drive means including a single stepper motor, a transmission member movement, and a carrier member of a transducer element - carried in a fixed manner by the carrier member -, rotatably mounted by means of the stepper motor, operating means, means of communication with a portable digital device and the digital device in question
- Fig. 2 [0037]
- FIG. 2] is a schematic view of the drive means including a single stepper motor, a motion transmission member between the stepper motor and a member carrying a transducer element - fixedly carried by the member carrier -, mounted in rotation by means of the stepper motor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the loop for correcting the angular offset between the outgoing echo lines and the return echo lines, associated with the operation of the drive means of the echographic probe.
- an ultrasound scanner 1 and especially an ultrasound scanner 1 of the field of application characterized by nomadic use (more specifically its ultrasound probe 2), allowing, on its own, a versatile use (in particular for any area of interest ZI of the human body and at several depths for observations of different zones of interest ZI), in particular of first necessity, able to allow a diagnostic orientation, in particular in an emergency situation, and allowing an effective image reconstruction.
- a method for implementing such an ultrasound scanner 1, with its ultrasound probe 2, comprising means 3a of communication with a separate computer.
- the ultrasound scanner 1 and its probe 2 are specially adapted to the implementation method and, conversely, the implementation method involves the ultrasound scanner 1 and its probe 2.
- the computer is a portable digital device 4, arranged so as to include means for executing a programmed application adapted to the execution of a functionality, such as a smartphone or a tablet, having means 3b of communication.
- the means 3a, 3b of communication once implemented, so that they can communicate with each other, can operate in particular by the WI-FI or Bluetooth protocol or even the Internet protocol. This particular constructive arrangement allows nomadic use of the probe 2.
- Such a probe 2 comprises a casing 5, rigid, exterior, the shape of which is ergonomic so that it can be easily handled by the operator. For example, this shape is bulged towards both ends and narrowed in the middle part in a manual input area.
- the case 5 comprises a removable cover allowing access to an interior space 6 of the case, comprising a dry compartment 6a where the cover is located, and a wet compartment 6b located at the opposite end and forming a zone 7 of contact with a contact zone of the human body C making it possible to explore the zone of interest ZI.
- the two compartments 6a, 6b are separated from each other by a sealed separation 6c.
- a sealed separation 6c In the particular embodiment shown in the schematic view of FIG.
- the dry compartment 6a allows the housing of a part 8a of the drive means 8 of at least one transducer element 9, of the electronic means 10 of the probe 2, including the communication means 3a, of an electrical power supply 11. It also includes 12 port(s), such as ports for a battery charger, computer, or other device.
- the wet compartment 6b has an acoustic window transparent to ultrasound, intended to come into contact with the contact zone of the human body C, and contains a coupling transmission fluid of the ultrasound beam.
- the wet compartment 6b also contains at least one transducer element 9, arranged in a movable manner, thanks to a part 8b of the drive means.
- the part 8a of the drive means 8 of a transducer 9 housed in the dry compartment 6a comprises a single stepping motor which, according to one characteristic, does not have an encoder as is conventionally known in many embodiments. of the state of the art.
- the stepping motor 8a is associated with a driver 13.
- the part 8b of the drive means housed in the wet compartment 6b comprises a fixedly carrying member of the transducer element 9, such as a drum 8b, rotatably mounted by means of the stepper motor 8a, via a motion transmission member 8c, such as a toothed belt cooperating with notches of a rotary drive member at the output of the stepper motor 8a and notches of a rotary driven member at the input of the drum 8b.
- the transducer element 9 has one - and only one - axis of rotation, namely the axis of the drum 8b, thus being arranged in rotation in one - and only one - plane.
- the implementation of such toothed means is intended to minimize - without being completely permanently eliminated - the angular offset, ultimately the angular offset of the transducer, resulting from the lasting operation of the kinematic chain of the mechanical drive means 8, with its defects at use, this kinematic chain comprising the stepper motor 8a, the movement transmission member 8c and the drum 8b.
- the particular embodiment shown in the schematic view of FIG. 1 is not exclusive of another embodiment, not shown, in which both the drum 8b and the stepping motor 8a, devoid of an encoder, are housed in the wet compartment 6b, in which case the dynamic seal previously provided is no longer necessary, the electrical connections with the stepper motor being provided sealed.
- the stepping motor 8a is controlled so that the drum 8b is driven mechanically according to an alternating sector scan from a reference position, according to a scan angle which can be between 40° and 90° and which, if necessary, is adjustable.
- the transducer element 9 is capable, on the one hand, of emitting ultrasonic pulses in the direction of the zone of interest ZI corresponding to a plurality of successive shots, controlled by a shot and movement scheduler pilot 14 that comprises the probe 2.
- the transducer element 9 is able, on the other hand, to pick up a plurality of echo lines LEA, LER, in reception of the shots.
- the constructive arrangement is such that the transducer element 9 is brought by the stepper motor 8a to the reference position opposite the acoustic window, then is brought by the stepper motor 8a to be driven in rotation over a certain travel in one direction and then in the other, so as to ensure scanning of both the shots and the echoes, the axis of the transducer element 9 remaining facing the acoustic window.
- the forward scan of the echoes is symbolized in FIG. 3 by the arrow FA, while the return scan is symbolized in this figure by the arrow FR.
- the transducer element 9 is controlled by a movement and firing scheduler pilot 14, the firing lines spaced at a constant angular pitch generating echo lines in return.
- the method of implementing the probe 2 is therefore such that a drive means 8 is controlled, including the stepper motor 8a, the drum 8b and the transmission member 8c, so that the element transducer 9 is driven mechanically according to an alternating sector scan from a reference position.
- the method is such that, by means of the transducer element 9, a plurality of lines of echoes LEA, LER are picked up in reception of a plurality of successive shots of ultrasonic pulses emitted in the direction of the zone of interest ZI, controlled by the firing and movement scheduler pilot 14.
- the method of implementing the probe 2 is therefore such that an AFI image formation algorithm is implemented so as to ensure the visual reconstruction of the zone zone of interest ZI in a plane, from the juxtaposition of the image points of the echo lines LEA, LER and a two-dimensional animated representation of the zone of interest ZI following the successive back and forth scans.
- the drum 8b supports a plurality of n transducer elements 9, each having its own frequency, a single transducer operating at a time, so as to allow n examination depths P of the zone of interest ZI, with the possibility of a change of frequency on the fly, from one series of images to another.
- the driver 13 of the stepping motor 8a controlled for this purpose, from the smartphone 4 is capable of controlling the stepping motor 8a so as to move the drum 8b with a view to bringing the transducer element 9 corresponding to the frequency selected at the reference position.
- n is equal to three, and the frequencies are equal to or close to 3.5 MHz, 5 MHz and 7.5 MHz respectively.
- the echograph 1 thus comprises three transducer elements 9a, 9b, 9c, these are arranged on the drum 8b with an angular space specific to minimizing the total angular excursion of the drum 8b between the most distant transducer elements (eg 9a and 9b according to Fig. 1 and 3).
- the invention is not exclusive of this embodiment and may include a different number of transducer elements.
- the method of implementing the probe 2 is such that: a drum 8b carrying n transducer elements each having its own frequency is available, the n frequencies are chosen so as to allow n examination depths P, the frequency corresponding to the desired examination depth P is selected, and the stepper motor is controlled so as to move the drum 8b and bring the transducer element 9 corresponding to the selected frequency to its reference position.
- the electronic means 10 of the probe 2 which comprise: the pilot 13 of the stepping motor 8a, associated with the stepping motor 8a, by the functional link 13a, a switch 15 of transducer element(s), associated with the transducer element(s) 9, associated with the switch 15, a output line of transducer element(s) 9, including an analog amplifier 16 and an analog-digital converter 17, associated with switch 15, an input line of transducer element(s) 9, including a high voltage pulse generator 18, a digital core 19 with a control link 20 to the driver 13 of the stepper motor 8a, a control link 21 to the high voltage pulse generator 18, and a powered link 22 by the data from the analog-digital converter 17; the digital core 19 including the movement and firing scheduler driver 14, a state machine 23 and a detection module 24 of the envelope of the digitized high-frequency raw signal, a module 25 for managing the electrical power supply
- the smartphone 4, or the like comprises means for executing a programmed application adapted to the execution of a functionality, namely software or an application which may comprise the AFI image formation algorithm so as to ensure the visual reconstruction of the zone of interest ZI from the juxtaposition of the image points of the LEA and LER echo lines and a two-dimensional animated representation of the zone of interest ZI following the successive round trips of the scanning of the transducer element 9.
- the smartphone 4, or the like also comprises, in particular, a screen 27, control means 28, a memory MEM, one or more ports.
- the smartphone 4, or the like is arranged so as to be able to parameterize and control the probe 2.
- the smartphone 4, or the like is arranged so as to be able to implement the AFI image formation algorithm.
- the smartphone 4, or the like is arranged so as to be able, in particular, to display the two-dimensional images obtained by and received from the probe 2 on the screen 27, to transmit the images obtained by and received from the probe 2 to a platform external storage.
- the functional connection between the probe 2 and the smartphone 4, or the like, in the direction from the latter to the latter is represented symbolically at 3c, while the functional connection between the probe 2 and the smartphone 4, or analogous, in the sense going from this one to that one is represented symbolically in 3d.
- the echograph 1 comprises means for analyzing the image points along an arc at a given depth P - of the zone of interest ZI - of two series of outgoing echo lines Successive LEA and return LER, so as to determine information on the angular offset of the image points of the two successive arcs AA and AR (fig. 3) - this angular offset being associated with the long-term operation of the kinematic chain, with its defects at the use - and calculate an angular offset value of the outward echo lines LEA and of the return echo lines LER, this angular offset being associated with the long-lasting operation of the drive means 8.
- This analysis is based on a comparison of the location image points corresponding to the same depth P of the zone of interest ZI of two series of successive lines of echoes LEA and LER.
- the corresponding image points of two series of lines LEA and LER would be superimposed.
- defects in the drive means 8 can be observed, or an angular shift between the outward echo lines LEA and the return echo lines LER, or a tremor of the two-dimensional image, associated with and resulting from the operation durable of the kinematic chain of the mechanical drive means 8, with its defects in use, this kinematic chain comprising the stepper motor 8a, the movement transmission member 8c and the drum 8b.
- the effects on the two-dimensional image produced of the defects of the mechanical drive means 8 are used directly, and the control of the stepping motor and/or the two-dimensional image is corrected directly to reduce, in particular minimizing, and in particular eliminating, or almost eliminating its tremor.
- an offset correction is carried out by bringing closer, in particular by bringing as close as possible and in particular by superimposing or almost superimposing the forward images and the successive return images by taking into account the thus calculated value of the offset associated with the operation of the drive means 8.
- FIG. 3 symbolizes, in the left part, the stepper motor 8a, the drum 8b, the transmission member 8c, the transducer element 9 which is chosen to be implemented and which is in the reference position, the successive forward echo lines LEA (in solid line) and the successive return echo lines LER (in dotted lines) obtained by the shots which are at their origin (not represented), the forward arc AA and the arc return AR, at the given depth P - of the zone of interest ZI.
- the diagram of FIG. 3 comprises, in the lower right part, a graph Gl, with on the abscissa axis the time t which is proportional to the angle of the shots due to the constant angular speed of the drive in this portion of the scan and on the ordinate axis the amplitude a of the echo.
- This graph shows the two curves CA - forward curve - (solid line) and CR - return curve
- the diagram of FIG. 3 comprises, in the upper right part, two graphs G2 and G3 (arranged above G2), with on the common abscissa axis the time t and on the ordinate axis, and, for the G2 graph arranged below , the steps p of the stepper motor 8a (reflecting the corresponding control of the stepper motor 8a by the scheduler 14 amplified by the driver 13) and, for the graph arranged G3 arranged above, the shots s made by the transducer element 9.
- the curve CM is a curve comprising a succession of positive slots çh corresponding to the steps of the stepping motor 8a for the forward scan and then (relative to time t), negative slots çb for back scan.
- the greater the offset value the greater the number of offset compensation slots cd and conversely, the smaller the offset value.
- the curve CS is a curve comprising a succession of peaks at constant time intervals, in relation to the operation of the stepping motor 8a, illustrating the shots.
- the CS curve has no peaks, which reflects that during the corresponding time period, there are then no shots.
- the arrow F1, F2, F3 and F4 illustrate, in the case of this embodiment, the servo loop of the shots as a function of the shift associated with the operation of the drive means 8 of the probe 2.
- the arrow F1 directed towards the graph Gl symbolizes the offset of the lines of echoes LEA, LER, as a result of the shots, and resulting from the mechanical problems of the drive means 8.
- the arrow F2 between the graph Gl and the graphs G2 and G3, symbolizes the taking taking into account the lag for the 8a stepper motor and the shots.
- the arrow F3 between the graph G2 and the stepper motor 8a symbolizes the control of the stepper motor 8a with a view to correcting the offset.
- the arrow F4 between the graph G3 and the transducer element 9 symbolizes the piloting of the shots with a view to correcting the offset.
- FIG. 3 illustrates that one takes advantage and directly uses the effects on the image produced, of the defects of the mechanical means of the probe 2, to correct the control of the stepper motor and/or directly the image, so that the effects of the defects of the mechanical means (trembling of the image) are reduced, in particular minimized, and in particular eliminated or virtually eliminated, without resorting to means of additional measurement of the errors.
- the measurement of the offset we will now describe, according to one possibility, the measurement of the offset.
- the gradient descent algorithm can be applied successively on a forward arc and on a return arc to obtain a first offset dl then on this same return arc and the forward arc which follows it to obtain a second offset d2.
- dj is the systematic offset associated with the mechanical play and dm the offset linked to the movement of probe 2
- the depth P of the measurement arc can be varied randomly so as to increase the chances of analyzing a zone of interest ZI with higher contrast.
- a correction of the shift a calculation of the value of the angular shift is carried out repeatedly, then, when a value of the shift thus calculated is considered reliable, the return images are corrected in the algorithm of AFI image formation by applying to them an inverse rotation of the offset value thus calculated and considered reliable.
- value of the calculated offset considered reliable it should be understood that the repetitive calculations of the value of the offset lead to values whose variation is small, the degree of variation retained being adjustable at the discretion of the manufacturer of the probe 2 according to the degree desired performance.
- a calculation of the value of the angular offset is carried out repeatedly, until a value of the offset calculated and considered reliable, in particular when starting up a new probe for the first time after assembly. But, then, after having persistently memorized this shift, the firing and movement scheduler pilot 14 is controlled so as to shift the firings in time of the firings relating to the return movement, and this according to the value of the shift as well calculated and considered reliable.
- This second embodiment corresponds to that which is the subject of the diagram of fig. 3. This realization has the effect of simulating a weak defect mechanism, so that the forward images and the return images are superimposed.
- the method and the echograph 1 according to the invention make it possible to envisage another mode of operation when the practitioner moves the probe 2, then stabilizes it in relation to a zone of interest ZI, it being understood that the relative movement of the probe 2 on the zone of interest ZI can be determined by the algorithm implemented or by any other means, such as for example a sensor of movement associated with the probe 2.
- the practitioner when the probe 2 is in motion, the practitioner generally wishes a fluid image with rapid refreshment (eg 10 images per second) and normal spatial resolution.
- the practitioner when the probe 2 is stabilized on a zone of interest ZI, the practitioner most often prefers a high resolution image to the detriment of the refresh rate.
- the return lines of fire are voluntarily and temporarily shifted by 1/2 step so that they intertwine exactly between the outward lines.
- This has the effect of artificially doubling the number of lines constituting an image but with a refresh rate halved (eg 5 images per second).
- the image reconstruction algorithm adapts to this new layout of the outward and return echo lines.
- the angular offset measurement algorithm also adapts to this new arrangement in order to continue to detect the movements of the probe. As soon as the algorithm again detects a movement of the probe, we go back to the fast refresh/normal resolution modes.
- the method is such that, on the one hand, the movement of the probe 2 is detected, and on the other hand: when initially it is sought to identify a zone of interest in exploring, the probe is moved widely for the purpose of location research, the probe then being in fast nominal frame rate mode and the image obtained being of nominal resolution, and when in a second time the zone of interest in exploring has been identified, we seek to obtain a higher resolution image, we keep the probe static or quasi-static, the probe can then be in slowed frame rate mode and the image obtained being of higher resolution .
- the movement of probe 2 is detected either by means of the algorithm or by means of a motion sensor integrated into probe 2.
- the angular offset can be calculated either from the portable digital device 4 or from the probe 2.
- the portable digital device 4 and the probe 2 are arranged accordingly, so that: means belonging to the portable digital device ensure the calculation of the angular offset of the lines associated with the operation of the drive means and/ or the compensation of the angular offset thus calculated; and/or means belonging to the probe ensure the calculation of the angular shift of the lines associated with the operation of the drive means and/or the compensation of the angular shift thus calculated.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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EP22733187.3A EP4370034A1 (fr) | 2021-05-26 | 2022-05-25 | Sonde échographique et procédé de mise en oeuvre |
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FRFR2105473 | 2021-05-26 | ||
FR2105473A FR3123442B1 (fr) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Sonde échographique et procédé de mise en oeuvre |
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WO2022248777A1 true WO2022248777A1 (fr) | 2022-12-01 |
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PCT/FR2022/000051 WO2022248777A1 (fr) | 2021-05-26 | 2022-05-25 | Sonde échographique et procédé de mise en oeuvre |
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EP (1) | EP4370034A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3123442B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022248777A1 (fr) |
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- 2021-05-26 FR FR2105473A patent/FR3123442B1/fr active Active
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- 2022-05-25 EP EP22733187.3A patent/EP4370034A1/fr active Pending
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WO2019122665A1 (fr) | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Sim&Cure | Procédé de détermination du positionnement en position déployée d'un dispositif médical implantable après expansion dans une structure vasculaire |
CN109951129A (zh) | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-28 | 北京大豪科技股份有限公司 | 无位置传感器的电机控制方法、装置及电子设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3123442B1 (fr) | 2024-05-10 |
EP4370034A1 (fr) | 2024-05-22 |
FR3123442A1 (fr) | 2022-12-02 |
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