WO2022248388A1 - Système de refroidissement pour un véhicule automobile équipé d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique - Google Patents

Système de refroidissement pour un véhicule automobile équipé d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022248388A1
WO2022248388A1 PCT/EP2022/063853 EP2022063853W WO2022248388A1 WO 2022248388 A1 WO2022248388 A1 WO 2022248388A1 EP 2022063853 W EP2022063853 W EP 2022063853W WO 2022248388 A1 WO2022248388 A1 WO 2022248388A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
cooling circuit
heat exchanger
fuel cell
braking system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2022/063853
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Achim Menne
Original Assignee
Voith Patent Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent Gmbh filed Critical Voith Patent Gmbh
Publication of WO2022248388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022248388A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/164—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control by varying pump speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/08—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels using fluid or powdered medium
    • B60T1/087—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels using fluid or powdered medium in hydrodynamic, i.e. non-positive displacement, retarders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T10/00—Control or regulation for continuous braking making use of fluid or powdered medium, e.g. for use when descending a long slope
    • B60T10/02—Control or regulation for continuous braking making use of fluid or powdered medium, e.g. for use when descending a long slope with hydrodynamic brake
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T5/00—Vehicle modifications to facilitate cooling of brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/165—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control characterised by systems with two or more loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D57/00—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders
    • F16D57/04—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders with blades causing a directed flow, e.g. Föttinger type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/78—Features relating to cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/06—Retarder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combined cooling system for a motor vehicle with an electric drive train, a continuous braking system and a fuel cell device being provided in the motor vehicle.
  • motor vehicles that use a purely electric drive train that draws energy from either a battery or a combination of battery and fuel cell is increasing.
  • Such motor vehicles can in particular be designed as buses and/or commercial vehicles.
  • this wear-free brake is usually designed as a retarder.
  • the braking energy generated when braking is dissipated via the working medium of the retarder, an oil or the cooling water from the vehicle cooling circuit.
  • a heat exchanger is provided in the oil or cooling water circuit for heat dissipation.
  • the temperature of the cooling water, which is used to cool the fuel cell does not exceed a temperature of approx. 80°C.
  • the electric drive train includes an electric motor and a converter, the electric motor being supplied with electrical energy from a battery and/or fuel cell via the converter.
  • a problem when using a fuel cell system is that the battery present in these systems can absorb and store relatively little recuperation energy. In the event that the battery can no longer absorb energy or that energy absorption by the battery is to be prevented, a relatively large amount of braking energy must be dissipated via a separate continuous braking system be dissipated in order to be able to dispense with the use of the service brakes. This can be the case, for example, when all batteries are fully charged, when the batteries are cold and/or in the event of an error.
  • the braking energy generated by the continuous braking system can result in a temperature increase in the cooling medium, which can far exceed the temperature of 80°C.
  • a joint cooling system for a fuel cell and an endurance braking device must therefore be designed in such a way that sufficient cooling is possible for both systems
  • a combined cooling and water brake system is known from EP 3815948 A1.
  • This system includes a first water circulation circuit in which a first heat exchanger and a fuel cell are arranged. Furthermore, a second water circulation circuit is provided with a second heat exchanger and a water retarder. Line sections with valves arranged therein are provided between the water circulation circuits, which are each coupled to the second water circulation circuit upstream and downstream of the second heat exchanger, so that the second heat exchanger can be connected in parallel with the first heat exchanger, and it is possible to use the second heat exchanger in non-braking mode optionally to be used for cooling the fuel cell.
  • a controller is provided for regulation, which regulates the valve opening, with the valves being controllable in braking operation of the retarder in such a way that no cooling water with a high water temperature can get from the retarder to the fuel cell.
  • a problem with such a combined cooling and water brake system is that experience has shown that the properties of the cooling water can change when the retarder is used, so that problems could arise when cooling the fuel cell.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an improved cooling system for a motor vehicle with a continuous braking system and fuel cell.
  • a cooling system for a motor vehicle with an electric drive train is proposed, by means of which a continuous braking system and a fuel cell device of the electric drive train can be cooled.
  • This comprises a first cooling circuit and a second cooling circuit, with the first cooling circuit comprising the fuel cell device, a pump and a first heat exchanger, and the second cooling circuit comprising the endurance braking system and a second heat exchanger, the endurance braking system for absorbing a specifiable power and/or specifiable energy Braking of the motor vehicle is set up.
  • the first cooling circuit includes a bypass channel running parallel to the fuel cell device, wherein a partial volume flow of a cooling medium of the first cooling circuit can be routed through the second heat exchanger via the bypass channel.
  • the separate cooling circuits make it possible to use different cooling media for cooling the fuel cell and for cooling the continuous braking system. This can be particularly important when special requirements are placed on the cooling medium of the fuel cell.
  • the pump can be arranged in front of the heat exchanger, seen in the pumping direction, so that the entire cooling medium of the first cooling circuit flows through the first heat exchanger.
  • a controllable valve is preferably arranged in the bypass channel, so that the distribution of the partial volume flows can be controlled. This can be done by means of a control unit, by means of which the controllable valve can be controlled on the basis of the activation state of the continuous braking system.
  • a continuous braking system which has a braking resistor or temperature-dependent resistor or a retarder. This temperature-dependent resistor has at least two connection devices for connection to an electric circuit, for example to a high-voltage electric circuit, a traction circuit or an HV electric circuit (high voltage or high volt).
  • a pump can also be arranged in the second cooling circuit, so that forced circulation can also be implemented in the second cooling circuit.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that a partial volume flow of a cooling medium of the first cooling circuit is conducted through the second heat exchanger via the bypass channel, with thermal energy being transferred from the second cooling circuit to the partial volume flow of the first cooling circuit when the motor vehicle is braked.
  • a control unit can be provided, by means of which a controllable valve in the bypass channel is controlled on the basis of the activation state of the continuous braking system.
  • the second cooling circuit can include a pump, by means of which a minimum volumetric flow through the continuous braking system is regulated in order to dissipate the thermal energy that occurs in all operating states via the second heat exchanger.
  • the valve can also be fully closed when the retarder system is deactivated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cooling system for a motor vehicle with an electric drive train.
  • the cooling system shown here is designed to dissipate the waste heat from a continuous braking system 2 and a fuel cell device 3 .
  • a continuous braking system 2 and a fuel cell device 3 .
  • Fuel cell system 3 to understand a system which includes a fuel cell and means for transferring thermal energy that must be removed from the fuel cell and transferred to a cooling medium of a cooling circuit.
  • the continuous braking system 2 in FIG. 1 is preferably a retarder, the retarder being designed in such a way that the pumping effect is sufficient in all operating states to dissipate excess waste heat from the retarder.
  • the retarder can be an oil retarder or a water retarder.
  • the continuous braking system 2 is set up to absorb a predeterminable power and/or predeterminable energy for braking the motor vehicle.
  • the proposed cooling system 1 has a first cooling circuit 4 and a second cooling circuit 5, which are self-contained, so that the cooling circuits 4, 5 can contain different cooling media, e.g. water-based or oil.
  • the second cooling circuit 5 comprises the continuous braking system 2 and a second heat exchanger 8 coupled to the cooling circuit on the primary side Waste heat is coupled to the second heat exchanger 8 on the secondary side with the first cooling circuit 4, so that the waste heat from the second cooling circuit is transferred to the cooling medium of the first cooling circuit.
  • the first cooling circuit 4 includes a first heat exchanger 7, which is designed as a fluid-air heat exchanger. Parallel to the first heat exchanger 7, the fuel cell device 3 and its cooling are integrated via a bypass channel 9 in the secondary side of the second heat exchanger 8 in the first cooling circuit.
  • a pump 6 is provided in front of the first heat exchanger 7 to generate a circulating flow.
  • the pumping effect of the pump 6 can be regulated in order in particular to keep the fuel cell temperature at a temperature level.
  • FIG. 2 shows another cooling system in which an additional pump 14 is installed in the second cooling circuit 5 . This pump is necessary when the continuous braking system 2 generates no fluid flow or only an insufficient fluid flow. This is the case when a braking resistor is used or when a retarder is used that does not produce the necessary pumping effect in all operating states in order to bring about the circulating flow necessary for cooling.
  • Both cooling systems shown are essentially designed for two modes of operation.
  • Waste heat is mainly generated by the operation of the
  • the valve 10 is provided, which can be regulated by means of the control unit 12 .
  • the control is based on the temperature of the continuous braking system.
  • the continuous braking system 2 When the continuous braking system 2 is activated, the power requirement of the electric motor is reduced at the same time, so that the power production of the fuel cell can be shut down and the cooling requirement is reduced.
  • the cooling requirement of the second cooling circuit 5 increases.
  • the cooling water flow pumped by the pump 6 through the first cooler 7 must therefore be divided into two partial volume flows 13a, b.
  • the division is regulated by means of the valve 10 in the bypass channel 9 so that it is ensured that a partial volume flow 13a is always conducted through the fuel cell device 3 .
  • a further control of the cooling water flow can be controlled via the pump 6.
  • a second valve can be provided in the partial volume flow 13a, so that the volume flow through the fuel cell 3 can be adjusted.
  • the bypass 9 is arranged between the fuel cell outlet and the pump inlet, so that the total volume flow from the first heat exchanger 7 always first flows through the fuel cell before it absorbs waste heat from the second cooling circuit 5, so that no waste heat from the continuous braking system 2 to the fuel cell 3 can reach.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de refroidissement pour un véhicule automobile équipé d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique, au moyen duquel un système de freinage continu et un dispositif de pile à combustible du groupe motopropulseur électrique peuvent être refroidis. Le système de refroidissement comprend un premier circuit de refroidissement et un deuxième circuit de refroidissement, le premier circuit de refroidissement comprenant le dispositif de pile à combustible, une pompe et un premier échangeur de chaleur et le deuxième circuit de refroidissement comprenant le système de freinage continu et un deuxième échangeur de chaleur, le système de freinage continu étant conçu pour recevoir une puissance pouvant être prédéfinie et/ou une énergie pouvant être prédéfinie pour freiner le véhicule automobile. Selon l'invention, le premier circuit de refroidissement comprend un canal de dérivation s'étendant parallèlement au dispositif de pile à combustible, un flux volumique partiel d'un fluide de refroidissement du premier circuit de refroidissement pouvant être guidé à travers le deuxième échangeur de chaleur par le biais du canal de dérivation.
PCT/EP2022/063853 2021-05-25 2022-05-23 Système de refroidissement pour un véhicule automobile équipé d'un groupe motopropulseur électrique WO2022248388A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021113447.1 2021-05-25
DE102021113447.1A DE102021113447A1 (de) 2021-05-25 2021-05-25 Kühlsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit E-Antriebsstrang

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WO2022248388A1 true WO2022248388A1 (fr) 2022-12-01

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DE (1) DE102021113447A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022248388A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116344861A (zh) * 2023-03-28 2023-06-27 深圳深科鹏沃科技有限公司 一种质子交换膜氢燃料电池热电联产系统
WO2023166058A3 (fr) * 2022-03-02 2023-11-02 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Système de gestion thermique d'un véhicule

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020185138A1 (fr) * 2019-03-08 2020-09-17 Scania Cv Ab Procédé de commande d'un véhicule en association avec une descente, groupe motopropulseur, véhicule, programme informatique et support lisible par ordinateur
US20210036342A1 (en) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Hyundai Motor Company Cooling system for fuel cell electric vehicle
EP3815948A1 (fr) 2019-11-01 2021-05-05 Volvo Truck Corporation Système combiné de refroidissement et de freinage par eau pour un véhicule, et procédé de refroidissement d'un dispositif de propulsion d'un véhicule et de freinage par eau d'une paire de roues d'un véhicule

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUA20161901A1 (it) 2016-03-22 2017-09-22 Iveco Spa Sistema di raffreddamento potenziato per un motore a scoppio accoppiato ad un cambio automatico con rallentatore idraulico

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020185138A1 (fr) * 2019-03-08 2020-09-17 Scania Cv Ab Procédé de commande d'un véhicule en association avec une descente, groupe motopropulseur, véhicule, programme informatique et support lisible par ordinateur
US20210036342A1 (en) * 2019-07-30 2021-02-04 Hyundai Motor Company Cooling system for fuel cell electric vehicle
EP3815948A1 (fr) 2019-11-01 2021-05-05 Volvo Truck Corporation Système combiné de refroidissement et de freinage par eau pour un véhicule, et procédé de refroidissement d'un dispositif de propulsion d'un véhicule et de freinage par eau d'une paire de roues d'un véhicule

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023166058A3 (fr) * 2022-03-02 2023-11-02 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Système de gestion thermique d'un véhicule
CN116344861A (zh) * 2023-03-28 2023-06-27 深圳深科鹏沃科技有限公司 一种质子交换膜氢燃料电池热电联产系统

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