WO2022247037A1 - 一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022247037A1
WO2022247037A1 PCT/CN2021/115568 CN2021115568W WO2022247037A1 WO 2022247037 A1 WO2022247037 A1 WO 2022247037A1 CN 2021115568 W CN2021115568 W CN 2021115568W WO 2022247037 A1 WO2022247037 A1 WO 2022247037A1
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compressed air
frequency
variable
clutch
energy storage
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PCT/CN2021/115568
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王团结
何信林
孟颖琪
张亚夫
刘冲
倪继文
宋晓辉
张文斌
张少鹏
李毅
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西安热工研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2022247037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022247037A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of compressed air energy storage, and relates to a variable-speed and constant-frequency compressed air energy storage peak-shaving system and method.
  • CAES compressed Air Energy Storage
  • the traditional compressed air energy storage method is that during energy storage, the motor drives the compressor to compress the air and store it in the gas storage device. During the power generation process, the high-pressure air is released from the gas storage device to drive the expander to drive the generator to output electric energy. .
  • the motor and the generator are different systems, and the efficiency of power exchange is relatively low.
  • the compressed air needs to be fully used for power generation before it can generate power.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a variable-speed constant-frequency compressed air energy storage peak-shaving system and method.
  • the system and method have high power exchange efficiency and fast unit power generation start-up speed.
  • variable speed and constant frequency compressed air energy storage peak shaving system of the present invention includes an incoming transformer, a frequency converter, a frequency conversion synchronous generator, a compressor, a first clutch, a turbine, a second clutch, a compressed air storage tank, combustion chamber and PLC controller;
  • the external power grid is connected to the frequency conversion synchronous generator through the incoming transformer and frequency converter, the compressor is connected to the frequency conversion synchronous generator through the first clutch, and the turbine is connected to the frequency conversion synchronous generator through the second clutch;
  • the outlet of the compressor is connected with the compressed air storage tank, the compressed air storage tank is connected with the inlet of the combustion chamber, and the outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with the inlet of the turbine;
  • the PLC controller is connected with the first clutch and the second clutch.
  • a barometer is arranged in the compressed air storage tank, and the PLC controller is connected with the barometer.
  • An air inlet valve is arranged at the air inlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the PLC controller is connected with the air inlet valve.
  • An air outlet valve is arranged at the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank, and the PLC controller is connected with the air outlet valve.
  • the outlet of the compressor communicates with the compressed air storage tank through the cooling chamber.
  • the compressed air storage tank communicates with the inlet of the combustion chamber through the heat absorption side of the waste heat exchanger, the outlet of the combustion chamber communicates with the inlet of the turbine, and the outlet of the turbine communicates with the discharge side of the waste heat exchanger.
  • the external power grid is connected to the frequency conversion synchronous generator through the outgoing line switchgear, the incoming line transformer, the frequency converter and the incoming line switchgear, and the PLC controller is connected to the outgoing line switchgear and the incoming line switchgear.
  • the compressor, turbine and frequency conversion synchronous generator are coaxial.
  • a variable-speed constant-frequency compressed air energy storage peak-shaving method includes the following steps:
  • the PLC controller controls the second clutch to separate, the first clutch to close, the electric output from the external power grid drives the variable frequency synchronous generator to work, the variable frequency synchronous generator drives the compressor to compress the air, and the compressed air Air is stored in compressed air storage tanks;
  • the PLC controller controls the first clutch to disengage, the second clutch to close, the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank enters the combustion chamber to support combustion, and the high-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion chamber enters the turbine
  • the turbine drives the frequency conversion synchronous generator to generate electricity, and the electric energy generated by the frequency conversion synchronous generator is supplemented to the external power grid.
  • variable-speed constant-frequency compressed air energy storage peak-shaving system and method described in the present invention integrates the energy storage and power generation conditions during specific operations, that is, the frequency conversion synchronous generator drives the compressor to compress the air for energy storage , the turbine is started to work by the flue gas generated by the combustion of compressed air to drive the variable frequency synchronous generator to generate electricity. At the same time, it is working, and the flexible conversion of the working conditions is realized by controlling the first clutch and the second clutch. Faster, quickly realize the start-up of the unit to generate electricity and participate in peak regulation.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • 1 is the outgoing line switchgear
  • 2 is the incoming line transformer
  • 3 is the incoming line switchgear
  • 4 is the frequency converter
  • 5 is the frequency conversion synchronous generator
  • 6 is the PLC controller
  • 7 is the compressor
  • 8 is the turbine
  • 91 is The first clutch
  • 92 is the second clutch
  • 10 is the cooling chamber
  • 11 is the combustion chamber
  • 12 is the waste heat exchanger
  • 13 is the compressed air storage tank.
  • variable speed and constant frequency compressed air energy storage peak shaving system includes an outgoing line switch cabinet 1, an incoming line transformer 2, an incoming line switch cabinet 3, a frequency converter 4, a variable frequency synchronous generator 5, and a PLC controller 6 , compressor 7, turbine 8, first clutch 91, second clutch 92, cooling chamber 10, combustion chamber 11, waste heat exchanger 12 and compressed air storage tank 13;
  • the external power grid is connected to the frequency conversion synchronous generator 5 through the outgoing line switchgear 1, the incoming line transformer 2, the frequency converter 4 and the incoming line switchgear 3, the compressor 7 and the turbine 8 are coaxial with the frequency conversion synchronous generator 5, and the compressor 7
  • a first clutch 91 is provided between the variable frequency synchronous generator 5 and a second clutch 92 is provided between the turbine 8 and the variable frequency synchronous generator 5 .
  • the outlet of the compressor 7 communicates with the compressed air storage tank 13 through the cooling chamber 10, the compressed air storage tank 13 communicates with the inlet of the combustion chamber 11 through the heat absorption side of the waste heat exchanger 12, and the outlet of the combustion chamber 11 communicates with the The inlet of the turbine 8 is connected, and the outlet of the turbine 8 is connected with the heat release side of the waste heat exchanger 12 .
  • the compressed air storage tank 13 is provided with a barometer, the air inlet of the compressed air storage tank 13 is provided with an air intake valve, and the air outlet of the compressed air storage tank 13 is provided with an air outlet valve, and the PLC controller 6 communicates with the air pressure Meter, the first clutch 91, the second clutch 92, the outlet switch cabinet 1, the inlet switch cabinet 3, the inlet valve and the outlet valve are connected.
  • variable-speed constant-frequency compressed air energy storage peak-shaving method described in the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the PLC controller 6 controls the incoming switchgear 3 and the outgoing switchgear 1 to conduct, and at the same time controls the second clutch 92 to separate, the first clutch 91 to close, and when the frequency conversion synchronous generator 5 starts,
  • the turbine 8 does not work, and the frequency conversion synchronous generator 5 drives the compressor 7 to compress the air and store the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank 13.
  • the frequency conversion synchronous generator 5 is controlled by the frequency converter 4 to run in the motor state to drive the compressor 7 to realize the unit Start the working condition, and make the shafting speed reach the target speed value according to the set speed and speed-up rate.
  • the PLC controller 6 controls the incoming line switchgear 3 and the outgoing line switchgear 1 to close, the first clutch 91 is separated, the second clutch 92 is closed, and the frequency converter 4 drives the variable frequency synchronous generator 5 to The motor working condition starts to work, and makes the shafting speed reach the target speed value according to the set speed and speed-up rate.
  • variable frequency synchronous generator 5 Open the outlet valve at the outlet of the compressed air storage tank 13, the compressed air in the compressed air storage tank 13 enters the combustion chamber 11 for combustion after passing through the heat absorption side of the waste heat exchanger 12, and the combustion chamber 11
  • the generated high-temperature flue gas enters the turbine 8 to do work, drives the variable frequency synchronous generator 5 to generate electricity through the turbine 8, and supplements the electric energy generated by the variable frequency synchronous generator 5 to the power grid.
  • the output of 5 gradually decreases until the output of variable frequency synchronous generator 5 is zero. At this time, it is driven by turbine 8.
  • variable frequency synchronous generator 5 enters the power generation state and transmits the generated electric energy to the grid. to supplement the grid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法，包括进线变压器（2）、变频器（4）、变频同步发电机（5）、压缩机（7）、第一离合器（91）、涡轮机（8）、第二离合器（92）、压缩空气储气罐（13）、燃烧室（11）及PLC控制器（6）；外界电网经进线变压器（2）及变频器（4）与变频同步发电机（5）相连接，压缩机（7）与变频同步发电机（5）通过第一离合器（91）相连接，涡轮机（8）与变频同步发电机（5）通过第二离合器（92）相连接；压缩机（7）的出口与压缩空气储气罐（13）相连通，压缩空气储气罐（13）与燃烧室（11）的入口相连通，燃烧室（11）的出口与涡轮机（8）的入口相连通；PLC控制器（6）与第一离合器（91）及第二离合器（92）相连接。

Description

一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于压缩空气储能技术领域，涉及一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法。
背景技术
随着新能源发电规模越来越大，其发电间歇性和波动性甚至反调节性的问题越来越突出，迫切需要行之有效的技术方案来解决新能源的大规模并网问题。大规模电力储能技术是能够解决该问题的有效途径，而压缩空气储能系统(Compressed Air Energy Storage，CAES)被认为是最有发展前景的大规模电力储能技术之一，具有储能规模大、存储周期长、对环境污染小等优点。
传统的压缩空气储能方式为在储能时，电动机带动压缩机压缩空气并存于储气装置中，发电过程中，高压空气从储气装置中释放，驱动膨胀机应用能源技术带动发电机输出电能。电动机和发电机为不同系统，换电效率相对较低，而且在发电时需要将压缩空气充分做功后才可以进行发电，机组发电启动速度较慢，在调峰时有一定限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法，该系统及方法的换电效率高，机组发电启动速度较快。
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统包 括进线变压器、变频器、变频同步发电机、压缩机、第一离合器、涡轮机、第二离合器、压缩空气储气罐、燃烧室及PLC控制器；
外界电网经进线变压器及变频器与变频同步发电机相连接，压缩机与变频同步发电机通过第一离合器相连接，涡轮机与变频同步发电机通过第二离合器相连接；
压缩机的出口与压缩空气储气罐相连通，压缩空气储气罐与燃烧室的入口相连通，燃烧室的出口与涡轮机的入口相连通；
PLC控制器与第一离合器及第二离合器相连接。
压缩空气储气罐内设置有气压计，PLC控制器与气压计相连接。
压缩空气储气罐的进气口处设置有进气阀门，PLC控制器与进气阀门相连接。
压缩空气储气罐的出气口处设置有出气阀门，PLC控制器与出气阀门相连接。
压缩机的出口经冷却室与压缩空气储气罐相连通。
压缩空气储气罐经余热换热器的吸热侧与燃烧室的入口相连通，燃烧室的出口与涡轮机的入口相连通，涡轮机的出口与余热换热器的放热侧相连通。
外界电网经出线开关柜、进线变压器、变频器及进线开关柜与变频同步发电机相连接，PLC控制器与出线开关柜及进线开关柜相连接。
压缩机、涡轮机与变频同步发电机同轴。
一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰方法包括以下步骤：
当外界电网处于波谷进行储能时，由PLC控制器控制第二离合器分 离，第一离合器闭合，外界电网输出的电驱动变频同步发电机工作，变频同步发电机带动压缩机压缩空气，并将压缩空气存储于压缩空气储气罐中；
当电网处于波峰进行发电调峰时，PLC控制器控制第一离合器分离，第二离合器闭合，压缩空气储气罐内的压缩空气进入到燃烧室中助燃，燃烧室内产生的高温烟气进入到涡轮机中做功，通过涡轮机带动变频同步发电机发电，并将变频同步发电机产生的电能补充给外界电网。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统及方法在具体操作时，将储能工况与发电工况进行一体化设计，即通过变频同步发电机驱动压缩机压缩空气进行储能，通过压缩空气助燃产生的烟气启动涡轮机工作，以驱动变频同步发电机发电，同时在工作，通过控制第一离合器及第二离合器实现工况的柔性转换，换电效率高，机组发电启动速度较快，快速实现机组启动发电参与调峰。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
其中，1为出线开关柜、2为进线变压器、3为进线开关柜、4为变频器、5为变频同步发电机、6为PLC控制器、7为压缩机、8为涡轮机、91为第一离合器、92为第二离合器、10为冷却室、11为燃烧室、12为余热换热器、13为压缩空气储气罐。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发 明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，不是全部的实施例，而并非要限制本发明公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要的混淆本发明公开的概念。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。
参考图1，本发明所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统包括出线开关柜1、进线变压器2、进线开关柜3、变频器4、变频同步发电机5、PLC控制器6、压缩机7、涡轮机8、第一离合器91、第二离合器92、冷却室10、燃烧室11、余热换热器12及压缩空气储气罐13；
外界电网经出线开关柜1、进线变压器2、变频器4及进线开关柜3与变频同步发电机5相连接，压缩机7、涡轮机8与变频同步发电机5同轴，且压缩机7与变频同步发电机5之间设置有第一离合器91，涡轮机8与变频同步发电机5之间均设置有第二离合器92。
压缩机7的出口经冷却室10与压缩空气储气罐13相连通，压缩空气储气罐13经余热换热器12的吸热侧与燃烧室11的入口相连通，燃烧 室11的出口与涡轮机8的入口相连通，涡轮机8的出口与余热换热器12的放热侧相连通。
压缩空气储气罐13内设置有气压计，压缩空气储气罐13的进气口处设置有进气阀门，压缩空气储气罐13的出气口处设置有出气阀门，PLC控制器6与气压计、第一离合器91、第二离合器92、出线开关柜1、进线开关柜3、进气阀门及出气阀门相连接。
本发明所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰方法包括以下步骤：
当电网处于波谷进行储能时，由PLC控制器6控制进线开关柜3及出线开关柜1导通，同时控制第二离合器92分离，第一离合器91闭合，变频同步发电机5启动时，涡轮机8不工作，变频同步发电机5带动压缩机7压缩空气，并将压缩空气存储于压缩空气储气罐13中，当压缩空气储气罐13内的气压达到最高压力时，则第一离合器91分离，同时关闭压缩空气储气罐13进气口处的进气阀门，储能阶段完成，其中，通过变频器4控制变频同步发电机5运行在电动机状态，以带动压缩机7，实现机组启动工况，并根据设定转速及升速速率使轴系转速达到目标转速值。
当电网处于波峰进行发电调峰时，PLC控制器6控制进线开关柜3及出线开关柜1闭合，第一离合器91分离，第二离合器92闭合，通过变频器4驱动变频同步发电机5为电动机工况开始工作，并根据设定转速及升速速率使轴系转速达到目标转速值。
将压缩空气储气罐13出气口处的出气阀门打开，压缩空气储气罐13内的压缩空气经余热换热器12的吸热侧吸热后进入到燃烧室11中助 燃，燃烧室11内产生的高温烟气进入到涡轮机8中做功，通过涡轮机8带动变频同步发电机5发电，并将变频同步发电机5产生的电能补充给电网，其中，随着涡轮机8开始出力，变频同步发电机5的出力逐渐减少，直至变频同步发电机5出力为零，此时完成由涡轮机8驱动，随着涡轮机8出力进一步提升，变频同步发电机5进入发电状态，并将产生的电能传输给电网，以补充电网。
当压缩空气储气罐13的压力低于最低压力时，第二离合器92断开，关闭压缩空气储气罐13上的出气阀门，发电调峰阶段完成。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，包括进线变压器(2)、变频器(4)、变频同步发电机(5)、压缩机(7)、第一离合器(91)、涡轮机(8)、第二离合器(92)、压缩空气储气罐(13)、燃烧室(11)及PLC控制器(6)；
    外界电网经进线变压器(2)及变频器(4)与变频同步发电机(5)相连接，压缩机(7)与变频同步发电机(5)通过第一离合器(91)相连接，涡轮机(8)与变频同步发电机(5)通过第二离合器(92)相连接；
    压缩机(7)的出口与压缩空气储气罐(13)相连通，压缩空气储气罐(13)与燃烧室(11)的入口相连通，燃烧室(11)的出口与涡轮机(8)的入口相连通；
    PLC控制器(6)与第一离合器(91)及第二离合器(92)相连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，压缩空气储气罐(13)内设置有气压计，PLC控制器(6)与气压计相连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，压缩空气储气罐(13)的进气口处设置有进气阀门，PLC控制器(6)与进气阀门相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，压缩空气储气罐(13)的出气口处设置有出气阀门，PLC控制器(6)与出气阀门相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，压缩机(7)的出口经冷却室(10)与压缩空气储气罐(13)相连通。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，压缩空气储气罐(13)经余热换热器(12)的吸热侧与燃烧室(11)的入口相连通，燃烧室(11)的出口与涡轮机(8)的入口相连通，涡轮机(8)的出口与余热换热器(12)的放热侧相连通。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，外界电网经出线开关柜(1)、进线变压器(2)、变频器(4)及进线开关柜(3)与变频同步发电机(5)相连接，PLC控制器(6)与出线开关柜(1)及进线开关柜(3)相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，其特征在于，压缩机(7)、涡轮机(8)与变频同步发电机(5)同轴。
  9. 一种变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰方法，其特征在于，基于权利要求1所述变速恒频压缩空气储能调峰系统，包括以下步骤：
    当外界电网处于波谷进行储能时，由PLC控制器(6)控制第二离合器(92)分离，第一离合器(91)闭合，外界电网输出的电驱动变频同步发电机(5)工作，变频同步发电机(5)带动压缩机(7)压缩空气，并将压缩空气存储于压缩空气储气罐(13)中；
    当电网处于波峰进行发电调峰时，PLC控制器(6)控制第一离合器(91)分离，第二离合器(92)闭合，压缩空气储气罐(13)内的压缩空气进入到燃烧室(11)中助燃，燃烧室(11)内产生的高温烟气进入到涡轮机(8)中做功，通过涡轮机(8)带动变频同步发电机(5)发电，并将变频同步发电机(5)产生的电能补充给外界电网。
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