WO2022246607A1 - 直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质 - Google Patents

直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022246607A1
WO2022246607A1 PCT/CN2021/095549 CN2021095549W WO2022246607A1 WO 2022246607 A1 WO2022246607 A1 WO 2022246607A1 CN 2021095549 W CN2021095549 W CN 2021095549W WO 2022246607 A1 WO2022246607 A1 WO 2022246607A1
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Prior art keywords
output signal
converter
error
duty cycle
mentioned
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PCT/CN2021/095549
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梁春
刘鹏飞
吴壬华
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深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司
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Priority to CN202180005208.0A priority Critical patent/CN114514682A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/095549 priority patent/WO2022246607A1/zh
Publication of WO2022246607A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022246607A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of electronic circuits, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for controlling an input signal of a DC converter.
  • the internal resistance measurement of proton exchange membrane has become a hot research direction of fuel cells.
  • the most widely used internal resistance test method is the AC impedance method, which injects a sinusoidal signal with a fixed frequency into the fuel cell, and analyzes the current and voltage of the fuel cell to obtain the internal resistance of the proton exchange membrane.
  • a sinusoidal signal can be obtained by a proportional integral controller (PI controller) to measure the internal resistance of the fuel cell, but the total harmonic distortion (total harmonic distortion, THD) of the sinusoidal signal obtained by the above method is large, so This results in a large error in the measured internal resistance of the fuel cell.
  • PI controller proportional integral controller
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a control method, device and storage medium for the input signal of the DC converter, using a proportional controller, an integral controller and a resonant controller in parallel, to set the target output signal and the output of the DC converter
  • the error between the signals is controlled, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion of the above-mentioned output signal; further, the internal resistance of the fuel cell is calculated by using the above-mentioned output signal, and the accuracy of the internal resistance test is improved.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling the input signal of a DC converter, which is applied to a DC boost circuit, the DC boost circuit includes N DC converters, and the N is an integer greater than or equal to 1 , the above-mentioned DC converter has an interface connected to the DC power supply and the load respectively, and the above-mentioned method includes:
  • the duty cycle of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter is set as the above-mentioned reference duty cycle until the absolute value of the steady-state error of the above-mentioned DC boost circuit is smaller than the reference threshold.
  • the determination of the reference duty cycle according to the above error includes:
  • the above-mentioned error is input into the proportional-integral resonant controller to obtain the above-mentioned reference duty cycle.
  • the above-mentioned error is input into the proportional-integral resonant controller to obtain the above-mentioned reference duty ratio, including:
  • the above errors are respectively input into the proportional controller, the integral controller and the resonance controller to obtain the first duty ratio, the second duty ratio and the third duty ratio;
  • the sum of the above-mentioned first duty ratio, the above-mentioned second duty ratio and the above-mentioned third duty ratio is used as the above-mentioned reference duty ratio.
  • the coefficient of the above-mentioned resonance controller is K, and the above-mentioned K is a number greater than or equal to zero.
  • the above target output signal is a sinusoidal signal.
  • the above-mentioned target output signal is a superposition of M signals with different frequencies, and the above-mentioned M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the number of the above-mentioned resonance controllers is M.
  • the above method before obtaining the error between the target output signal and the above output signal, the above method further includes:
  • the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the output signal within a time period is taken as the signal value of the output signal within the time period, and the time period is any time period of the input signal.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a control device for an input signal of a DC converter, which is applied to a DC boost circuit.
  • the DC boost circuit includes N DC converters, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the above
  • the DC converter has interfaces to be connected to the DC power supply and the load respectively, and the above-mentioned devices include:
  • An acquisition unit configured to acquire an output signal of a DC converter, where the DC converter is any one of the N DC converters;
  • the determining unit is used to obtain the error between the target output signal and the above-mentioned output signal, and determine the reference duty cycle according to the above-mentioned error; set the duty cycle of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter as the above-mentioned reference duty cycle, until the above-mentioned
  • the absolute value of the steady-state error of the DC boost circuit is smaller than the reference threshold.
  • the determination unit is further configured to input the error into a proportional-integral resonant controller to obtain the reference duty cycle.
  • the determination unit is further configured to input the above errors into the proportional controller, the integral controller and the resonance controller respectively to obtain the first duty ratio, the second duty ratio and the third duty ratio ;
  • the sum of the above-mentioned first duty cycle, the above-mentioned second duty cycle and the above-mentioned third duty cycle is used as the above-mentioned reference duty cycle.
  • the coefficient of the above-mentioned resonance controller is K, and the above-mentioned K is a number greater than or equal to zero.
  • the above target output signal is a sinusoidal signal.
  • the above-mentioned target output signal is a superposition of M signals with different frequencies, and the above-mentioned M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the number of the above-mentioned resonance controllers is M.
  • the determination unit is further configured to use the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the output signal within a time period as the signal value of the output signal within the time period, and the time period is any time period of the input signal.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor invokes the computer program stored in the memory to execute the first aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored in the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium, and when the above-mentioned computer program is run on one or more processors, the execution as described in the first aspect is performed. Or the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, the above-mentioned computer program product includes program instructions, and when the above-mentioned program instructions are executed by the processor, the above-mentioned processor executes any one of the first aspect or the first aspect. method in a possible implementation.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a control method, device and storage medium for the input signal of the DC converter, using a proportional controller, an integral controller and a resonant controller in parallel, to set the target output signal and the output of the DC converter
  • the error between the signals is controlled, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion of the above-mentioned output signal; further, the internal resistance of the fuel cell is calculated by using the above-mentioned output signal, and the accuracy of the internal resistance test is improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a topological diagram of a DC boost circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a method for controlling an input signal of a DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a proportional-integral resonance controller provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a control block diagram of another proportional-integral resonance controller provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a signal waveform diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a signal diagram of a sampling signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a topological diagram of another DC boost circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for an input signal of a DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application.
  • the appearances of the above phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are independent or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood explicitly and implicitly by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
  • At least one (item) means one or more
  • “multiple” means two or more
  • “at least two (items)” means two or three and three
  • “and/or” is used to describe the association relationship of associated objects, which means that there can be three kinds of relationships, for example, "A and/or B” can mean: only A exists, only B exists, and A and B exist at the same time A case where A and B can be singular or plural.
  • the character “/” generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or” relationship.
  • “At least one of the following” or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items. For example, at least one item (piece) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", “a and c", “b and c", or "a and b and c ".
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a method, device, and storage medium for controlling an input signal of a DC converter. In order to describe the solution of the present application more clearly, some relevant knowledge will be introduced next.
  • the direct current power supply (direct current power supply) has two electrodes, positive and negative.
  • the potential of the positive electrode is high and the potential of the negative electrode is low.
  • a constant potential difference can be maintained between the two ends of the circuit, so that A current flows from positive to negative in the circuit.
  • a fuel cell is an energy conversion device that converts chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant isothermally directly into electrical energy according to the electrochemical principle, so the actual process is an oxidation-reduction reaction.
  • Fuel cells are mainly composed of four parts: anode, cathode, electrolyte and external circuit.
  • the fuel gas and the oxidizing gas are fed into the anode and cathode of the fuel cell respectively.
  • the fuel gas emits electrons on the anode, and the electrons are conducted to the cathode through an external circuit and combine with the oxidizing gas to form ions.
  • the ions migrate to the anode through the electrolyte under the action of an electric field. Above, it reacts with fuel gas to form a circuit and generate electric current.
  • the current generated by the fuel cell is direct current, and the fuel cell is a direct current power source.
  • a field effect transistor is a semiconductor device that controls the output loop current by controlling the electric field effect of the input loop, and can be divided into a junction field effect transistor (JFET) and a metal oxide semiconductor Field effect tube (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, MOSFET), MOSFET is also called MOS tube, which has multiple functions such as detection, rectification, amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation, etc.
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • MOSFET is also called MOS tube, which has multiple functions such as detection, rectification, amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation, etc.
  • MOS tube When the MOS tube is used as a variable current switch, it is used According to the different channels, MOS tubes can be divided into N-channel MOS tubes and P-channel MOS tubes. According to different working methods, MOS tubes can be divided into consumption Exhaustion type MOS tube and enhancement mode MOS tube; MOS
  • Fuel cells have the characteristics of high conversion efficiency, environmental friendliness, and simple and flexible assembly. However, in actual work, fuel cells still have problems such as lifespan, reliability, and cost.
  • the proton exchange membrane of the fuel cell directly affects the working state of the circuit, and the internal resistance measurement information of the proton exchange membrane can infer the internal state of the fuel cell.
  • the internal resistance of the fuel cell can be measured by the cut-off method and the AC impedance spectroscopy method. Because the cut-off method will cause a large disturbance to the fuel cell, it is only suitable for simple systems; the AC impedance method is a method that uses a small-amplitude AC voltage Or the current disturbs the fuel cell and conducts electrochemical tests to obtain the AC impedance data.
  • the disturbance waveform is generally a sine wave, because the waveform of the sine wave is relatively regular and easy to generate and analyze.
  • the sine wave is generated by a circuit, please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a topology diagram of a DC boost circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC boost circuit controls the inductor to store and release energy by turning on and off the switch tube, so that the output voltage is higher than the input voltage; specifically, the switch tube is turned on and off by pulse width modulation, and pulse width modulation It is an analog control method that uses the digital output of the microprocessor to control the analog circuit.
  • the bias of the base of the transistor or the gate of the MOS transistor is modulated to realize the control of the conduction time of the transistor or MOS transistor.
  • Change, so as to realize the change of the output of the switching regulated power supply, this way can keep the output voltage of the power supply constant when the working conditions change.
  • the DC boost circuit is divided into three parts: DC power supply 101, DC converter 102 and load 103. Interface.
  • the DC power supply is a device that maintains a constant voltage and current in the circuit.
  • the DC power supply 101 can be a fuel cell.
  • the signal of the inductor 1021 in the DC boost circuit can be used as the output signal of the circuit. .
  • the DC converter 102 includes an inductor 1021, a diode module 1022, a field effect transistor 1023, a capacitor 1024 and a ground terminal 1025.
  • the diode module 1022 includes a diode and a resistor. The resistor is used to limit current and protect the diode.
  • the DC converter 102 can increase the output voltage of the DC power supply 101 to the working voltage, and through the action of the input signal, superimpose the current on the DC current as the excitation current of the impedance.
  • the above-mentioned DC converter 102 can pass the input signal Adjust to output a sinusoidal signal, which is used to analyze the internal resistance of the DC power supply 101 .
  • An inductor is a component that converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and stores it. Inductance resists changes in current flow, trying to prevent current from flowing through it when the circuit is on when there is no current flowing through it, and trying to maintain a constant current flow when the circuit is off when there is current passing through it.
  • the current of the inductor 1021 in FIG. 1 is the output of the DC converter 102 .
  • a diode is an electronic device made of semiconductor materials (silicon, selenium, germanium, etc.), which has unidirectional conductivity, that is, when a forward voltage is applied to the anode and cathode of the diode, the diode conducts; when the anode and cathode of the diode are When a reverse voltage is applied, the diode is cut off. Therefore, the turn-on and turn-off of the diode is equivalent to the turn-on and turn-off of the switch.
  • the field effect transistor 1023 is an N-channel enhanced MOS transistor, its drain D and source S are connected to the circuit, the input signal is input from the gate G, and the signal input from the gate G is not only the input signal of the field effect transistor 1023, At the same time, it is also the input signal of the DC converter 102 , and the input signal can adjust the current signal on the inductor 1021 .
  • the boosting principle of the DC boost circuit is: when the FET 1023 is turned on, it is equivalent to a wire directly connecting the drain D and the source S to form a short circuit, and the DC power supply 101 charges the inductor 1021 through the circuit, and the inductor 1021 Store energy; when the field effect tube 1023 is not turned on, it is equivalent to disconnecting the circuit, because the inductance has a reverse electromotive force, it cannot be instantaneously changed, but will be slowly and gradually discharged. Since the original electrical circuit has been disconnected, the inductance can only be discharged through the circuit of the diode module 1022 and the load 103, that is, the inductance 1021 charges the capacitor 1024. Since the circuit has already provided voltage for the capacitor 1024 before charging the capacitor 1024, the voltage across the capacitor 1024 rises. high.
  • the input signal will adjust the output signal on the inductor 1021 , and the internal resistance of the DC power supply 101 can be calculated through the above output signal.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a method for controlling an input signal of a DC converter. By improving the method for controlling the input signal of the DC converter, the total harmonic distortion of the output signal of the DC converter is reduced.
  • FIG. 2 is a control method for an input signal of a DC converter provided by an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a DC boost circuit (see FIG. 1 for details).
  • the DC boost circuit includes a DC converter,
  • the above-mentioned DC converter has interfaces respectively connected to the DC power supply and the load, as shown in Figure 2, the above-mentioned method includes:
  • Step 201 Obtain the output signal of the DC converter.
  • the electronics obtain the output signal of the DC converter.
  • the above-mentioned electronic equipment may be a microprocessor or a computer for executing program codes, and this application does not make any limitation; according to the above description of the DC boost circuit, the duty cycle of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter is used to adjust The current signal on the inductor, so the output signal of the above-mentioned DC converter is the current signal on the inductor; at the same time, the above-mentioned output signal is the actual output signal of the DC converter in the DC boost circuit.
  • Step 202 Obtain an error between the target output signal and the above-mentioned output signal, and determine a reference duty cycle according to the above-mentioned error.
  • the above-mentioned target output signal is an output signal that needs to be output by the above-mentioned DC converter according to design requirements.
  • the output signal to be obtained is a sinusoidal signal with a period of 1 second and an amplitude of 2 amperes
  • the above sinusoidal signal with a period of 1 second and an amplitude of 2 amperes is The output signal that the DC converter needs to obtain is the target output signal.
  • the above-mentioned target output signal is obtained by setting the parameters of the signal. For example, if the target output signal is set as a square wave signal, the period of the above square wave signal is 2 seconds, the amplitude is 1 ampere, and the duty cycle is 50%, so that the above target output signal can be obtained.
  • the above target output signal is set as a sinusoidal signal.
  • the sinusoidal signal has a more regular waveform, which can simplify the calculation process of the internal resistance of the power supply.
  • Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a proportional-integral resonant controller provided by the embodiment of the present application, as shown in Fig. 3, the control object is the DC boost circuit shown in Fig.
  • the current on the inductor 1021 is the output signal in Figure 3, and the type of the output signal is the same as the type of the set target output signal.
  • the output signal of the control object is also a triangular wave signal ;Use the output signal as a feedback signal to make a difference with the target output signal to obtain the error between the above two signals; input the above error into the proportional controller to obtain the first duty cycle, and input the above error into the integral controller to obtain the second duty cycle The above error is input into the resonant controller to obtain the third duty cycle, and the sum of the above first duty cycle, the above second duty cycle and the above third duty cycle is used as the above reference duty cycle.
  • the above-mentioned reference duty ratio is 6% of the sum of the above-mentioned three duty ratios.
  • the coefficient of the above-mentioned resonance controller is K
  • the above-mentioned K is a number greater than or equal to zero.
  • K is equivalent to an amplifier, which changes the strength of the resonant controller.
  • the loop feedback error is used to adjust The larger the error of the above-mentioned K, the larger the above-mentioned K, the better the control effect, so as to realize the non-static error tracking of the output excitation to the set signal.
  • Step 203 Set the duty cycle of the input signal of the DC converter to the reference duty cycle until the absolute value of the steady-state error of the DC boost circuit is smaller than the reference threshold.
  • the duty ratio of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter is set as the above-mentioned reference duty ratio, that is, in Fig. 3, the above-mentioned reference duty ratio is set as the duty ratio of the input signal of the control object Duty ratio, as described above for the DC boost circuit, the duty ratio of the input signal of the DC converter will adjust the output signal of the DC converter.
  • the above-mentioned output signal is used to calculate the internal resistance of the DC power supply, thereby improving the accuracy of the internal resistance test;
  • the above-mentioned reference threshold can be determined according to the actual situation, and the above-mentioned output signal
  • the smaller the total harmonic distortion of the output signal, the better, and this application does not make any restrictions.
  • the target output signal is set as a single-frequency sinusoidal signal
  • the DC boost circuit includes a single-channel DC converter.
  • FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of another proportional-integral resonance controller provided by the embodiment of the present application; as shown in FIG. 4
  • the controller part is composed of a proportional controller, an integral controller and a parallel connection of M resonant controllers, and the above M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; in the above case, the target output signal is composed of M signals with different frequencies.
  • each resonance controller corresponds to an amplifier in the above-mentioned M resonance controllers, that is, the coefficient of each resonance controller is K, and the above-mentioned K is a number greater than or equal to 0, as shown in Figure 4,
  • the amplifier of the first resonant controller is K 1
  • the amplifier of the second resonant controller is K 2
  • the amplifier of the M-th resonant controller is K M
  • the set target output signal is the superposition of two sinusoidal signals as an example, which is applied to a DC boost circuit (see Figure 1 for details).
  • the above DC boost circuit includes a DC converter. and the interfaces to which
  • Fig. 5 is a kind of signal waveform diagram that the embodiment of the present application provides, the signal in Fig. 5 is that the frequency is 25 hertz, and the amplitude is the sinusoidal signal of 25 amperes and the frequency is 30 hertz (Hz), and the amplitude is 30
  • the sinusoidal signal of ampere (A) is superimposed, and the specific control method of the input signal of the DC converter is as follows:
  • the target output signal as the signal shown in Figure 5, that is, set the target output signal as the superposition of a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 25Hz and an amplitude of 25A and a sinusoidal signal with a frequency of 30Hz and an amplitude of 30A .
  • the resonance points controlled by the controller are 25Hz and 30Hz, and the number of resonance controllers in the controller is 2. Therefore, the first resonance controller is set to control the frequency of 25Hz, and the second resonance controller is set to control the frequency of 25Hz. The frequency is 30Hz to control.
  • the input signal of the DC converter can control the output signal, and further, each time the duty ratio of the input signal of the DC converter changes, the error between the output signal of the DC converter and the target output signal also will change, when the above-mentioned DC boost circuit reaches a steady state, the error between the output signal of the above-mentioned DC converter and the target output signal is called a steady-state error, until the absolute value of the steady-state error of the above-mentioned DC boost circuit value is less than the reference threshold, the above output signal is used for the internal resistance measurement of the DC power supply.
  • the above-mentioned proportional-integral resonant controller includes a proportional controller, an integral controller and two resonant controllers, and the above-mentioned two controllers respectively control the sinusoidal signals whose resonant points are 25Hz and 30Hz, and amplify the error at the resonant point to improve The gain of the controller, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion of the output signal; since the output signal is determined by the set target output signal type, the output signal is also the superposition of two sinusoidal signals with different frequencies, when calculating the internal resistance of the power supply , perform fast Fourier transform on the above output signal, through the frequency domain analysis, the superimposed frequency in the output signal can be obtained, so as to separate the above two signals, and then use the above two separated signals to calculate the internal resistance Taking the average can improve the accuracy of the internal resistance test of the power supply; the above reference threshold can be determined according to the actual situation, the smaller the steady-state error, the more accurate the measurement of the internal resistance of the power supply, and this application
  • the input signal is a periodic signal composed of a set of high level and low level, and the input signal controls the output signal of the circuit
  • the above input signal can also be called a switching signal
  • the time period of the input signal can also be called a switching period ;
  • FIG. 6 is a signal diagram of a sampling signal provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG.
  • the above-mentioned first output signal shows a linear increase trend
  • the input signal is at a low level
  • the above-mentioned first output signal shows a linear decrease trend, thus forming a triangular wave
  • sampling sampling the maximum value M and the minimum value m of the above-mentioned first output signal within one switching cycle, and then taking the average value A of the above-mentioned maximum value M and minimum value m as the signal of the above-mentioned first output signal within one switching cycle value to obtain the second output signal
  • the above second output signal is used as the feedback signal to make a difference with the target output signal to obtain the error.
  • FIG. 7 is a topology diagram of another DC boost circuit provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned DC step-up circuit is divided into three parts: a DC power supply, a DC converter and a load; wherein, the number of the above-mentioned DC converters is N, and the above-mentioned N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • N target output signals are set for the above N DC converters.
  • the target output signals are respectively set as sinusoidal signals with a frequency of 2Hz and an amplitude of 15A, a frequency of 3Hz and an amplitude of 18A, and a frequency of 5Hz and an amplitude of 20A. It can be understood that the signals set above may be the same signal or different signals, and this application does not make any limitation thereto.
  • the output signals of the above N DC converters are obtained respectively, and the above N DC converters correspond to a proportional-integral resonance controller respectively, and each DC converter inputs the error between the above-mentioned output signal and the above-mentioned target output signal into the proportional-integral resonance control output duty ratio; and then set the duty ratio as the duty ratio of the input signal of the DC converter until the absolute value of the steady-state error of the DC boost circuit is less than the reference threshold. It can be understood that, for each of the N DC converters connected in parallel, the control method is the same as the control method in FIG. 2 above, and will not be repeated here.
  • each DC converter when calculating the internal resistance of the power supply, each DC converter can obtain a set of results, and the method of averaging the N sets of results can be Improve the accuracy of internal resistance measurement; on the other hand, there is a current threshold in the MOS tube in the DC converter.
  • the two DC circuits are divided, and the output currents are respectively obtained and then superimposed, which can solve the problem that the current of the set signal is greater than the current threshold of the MOS tube in the DC converter.
  • the method for controlling the input signal of the DC converter uses a proportional controller, an integral controller, and a resonant controller in parallel to control the set target output signal and the output signal of the DC converter.
  • the error between is controlled, thereby reducing the total harmonic distortion of the above output signal.
  • the proportional-integral resonant controller through the parallel connection of multiple resonant controllers, multiple frequency superimposed output signals can be generated at the same time.
  • the signals of each frequency are separated by fast Fourier transform and calculated separately.
  • the method of averaging the internal resistance improves the accuracy of internal resistance calculation; in the DC step-up circuit, through the parallel connection of multiple DC converters, multiple sets of output signals are obtained at the same time, and the internal resistance of the DC power supply is calculated for each set of output signals. The resistance is then averaged to improve the accuracy of internal resistance calculation.
  • the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the output signal within the time period is used as the signal value of the output signal within the above time period, thereby improving the accuracy of the output signal.
  • the strength of the resonant controller in the circuit is flexibly controlled, and the efficiency of controlling the error between the output signal and the target output signal is improved.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for an input signal of a DC converter provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the control device 80 for an input signal of a DC converter is applied to a DC booster circuit.
  • the step-up circuit includes N DC converters, the above-mentioned N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, the above-mentioned DC converters have interfaces respectively connected to the DC power supply and the load (see Figure 7 for details), and the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converters
  • the control device 80 includes an acquisition unit 801 and a determination unit 802, wherein the description of each unit is as follows:
  • An acquisition unit 801 configured to acquire an output signal of a DC converter, where the DC converter is any one of the N DC converters;
  • the determining unit 802 is configured to obtain an error between the target output signal and the above-mentioned output signal, and determine a reference duty cycle according to the above-mentioned error; set the duty cycle of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter as the above-mentioned reference duty cycle until The absolute value of the steady-state error of the above DC boost circuit is smaller than the reference threshold.
  • the above-mentioned determining unit 802 is further configured to input the above-mentioned error into a proportional-integral resonant controller to obtain the above-mentioned reference duty cycle.
  • the determination unit 802 is further configured to input the above errors into the proportional controller, the integral controller and the resonance controller respectively to obtain the first duty ratio, the second duty ratio and the third duty ratio; The sum of the first duty cycle, the second duty cycle and the third duty cycle is used as the reference duty cycle.
  • the coefficient of the above-mentioned resonance controller is K, and the above-mentioned K is a number greater than or equal to 0.
  • the above-mentioned target output signal is a sinusoidal signal.
  • the above-mentioned target output signal is a superposition of M signals with different frequencies, and the above-mentioned M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; the number of the above-mentioned resonance controllers is M.
  • the determination unit 802 is further configured to use the average value of the maximum and minimum values of the output signal within a time period as the signal value of the output signal within the time period, and the time period is the time period of the input signal any time period.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned electronic device 90 is applied to a DC boost circuit, and the above-mentioned DC boost circuit includes N DC converters, and the above-mentioned N is greater than or is an integer equal to 1, and the above-mentioned DC converter has interfaces respectively connected to the DC power supply and the load (refer to FIG. 7 for details).
  • the aforementioned electronic device 90 includes a memory 901 and a processor 902 . Further optionally, a communication interface 903 and a bus 904 may also be included, wherein the memory 901 , the processor 902 and the communication interface 903 are connected to each other through the bus 904 .
  • the communication interface 903 performs data interaction with the control device 80 of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter.
  • the memory 901 is used to provide a storage space, in which data such as operating systems and computer programs can be stored.
  • Memory 901 includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (random access memory, RAM), read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable read only memory, EPROM), or Portable read-only memory (compact disc read-only memory, CD-ROM).
  • the processor 902 is a module for performing arithmetic operations and logic operations, and may be in a processing module such as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU) or a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU). one or a combination of more.
  • a processing module such as a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU) or a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU). one or a combination of more.
  • a computer program is stored in the memory 901, and the processor 902 invokes the computer program stored in the memory 901 to perform the following operations:
  • the duty cycle of the input signal of the above-mentioned DC converter is set as the above-mentioned reference duty cycle until the absolute value of the steady-state error of the above-mentioned DC boost circuit is smaller than the reference threshold.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored in the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium, and when the above-mentioned computer program is run on one or more processors, it can realize the Methods.
  • control product of the input signal of the DC converter uses the parallel connection of the proportional controller, the integral controller and the resonant controller to control the set target output signal and the output signal of the DC converter.
  • the error between is controlled to reduce the total harmonic distortion of the above output signal.
  • the above processes can be completed by hardware related to computer programs.
  • the above computer programs can be stored in computer-readable storage media.
  • When the above computer programs are executed may include the processes of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing computer program codes such as read-only memory ROM or random access memory RAM, magnetic disk or optical disk.

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Abstract

本申请实施例提供了直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质，应用于直流升压电路，上述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口，其中，上述方法包括：获取直流变换器的输出信号；获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差，依据上述误差确定参考占空比；将上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。本申请所提供的方法，利用比例控制器、积分控制器以及谐振控制器三者并联，对设定的目标输出信号与直流变换器的输出信号之间的误差进行控制，减少上述输出信号的总谐波失真。

Description

直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电子电路技术领域，具体涉及直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质。
背景技术
随着燃料电池的广泛应用，质子交换膜(proton exchange membrane，PEM)的内阻测量成为燃料电池一个热门研究方向。目前，使用最多的内阻测试方法是交流阻抗法，即给燃料电池注入一个固定频率的正弦信号，分析燃料电池的电流和电压得出质子交换膜内阻。
目前，可以通过比例积分控制器(proportional integral controller，PI控制器)得到正弦信号来测量燃料电池的内阻，但是上述方法得到的正弦信号的总谐波失真(total harmonic distortion，THD)大，从而导致燃料电池测得的内阻误差大。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供了直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质，利用比例控制器、积分控制器以及谐振控制器三者并联，对设定的目标输出信号与直流变换器的输出信号之间的误差进行控制，从而减少上述输出信号的总谐波失真；进一步地，利用上述输出信号计算燃料电池的内阻，提高内阻测试的准确率。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，应用于直流升压电路，上述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，上述N为大于或等于1的整数，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口，上述方法包括：
获取直流变换器的输出信号，上述直流变换器为上述N个直流变换器中任意一个直流变换器；
获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差，依据上述误差确定参考占空比；
将上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述依据上述误差确定参考占空比包括：
将上述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到上述参考占空比。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述将上述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到上述参考占空比，包括：
将上述误差分别输入比例控制器，积分控制器以及谐振控制器，得到第一占空比，第二占空比以及第三占空比；
将上述第一占空比，上述第二占空比以及上述第三占空比的和作为上述参考占空比。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述谐振控制器的系数为K，上述K为大于或等于0的数。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述目标输出信号为正弦信号。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述目标输出信号为M个频率不同的信号的叠加，上述M为大于或等于2的整数；上述谐振控制器的个数为M。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差之前，上述方法还包括：
将上述输出信号在时间周期内的最大值和最小值的平均值作为上述输出信号在上述时间周期内的信号值，上述时间周期为上述输入信号的任意一个时间周期。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置，应用于直流升压电路，上述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，上述N为大于或等于1的整数，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口，上述装置包括：
获取单元，用于获取直流变换器的输出信号，上述直流变换器为上述N个直流变换器中任意一个直流变换器；
确定单元，用于获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差，依据上述误差确定参考占空比；将上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述确定单元，还用于将上述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到上述参考占空比。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述确定单元，还用于将上述误差分别输入比例控制器，积分控制器以及谐振控制器，得到第一占空比，第二占空比以及第三占空比；将上述第一占空比，上述第二占空比以及上述第三占空比的和作为上述参考占空比。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述谐振控制器的系数为K，上述K为大于或等于0的数。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述目标输出信号为正弦信号。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述目标输出信号为M个频率不同的信号的叠加，上述M为大于或等于2的整数；上述谐振控制器的个数为M。
在一个可能的实现方式中，上述确定单元，还用于将上述输出信号在时间周期内的最大值和最小值的平均值作为上述输出信号在上述时间周期内的信号值，上述时间周期为上述输入信号的任意一个时间周期。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电子设备，包括：处理器和存储器，其中，上述存储器中存储有计算机程序，上述处理器调用上述存储器中存储的计算机程序，用于执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任意一种可能的实施方式中的方法。
第四方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，上述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，当上述计算机程序在一个或多个处理器上运行时，执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任意一种可能的实施方式中的方法。
第五方面，本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品，上述计算机程序产品包括程序指令，上述程序指令当被处理器执行时使上述处理器执行如第一方面或者第一方面的任意一种可能的实施方式中的方法。
本申请实施例提供了直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质，利用比例控制器、积分控制器以及谐振控制器三者并联，对设定的目标输出信号与直流变换器的输出信号之间的误差进行控制，从而减少上述输出信号的总谐波失真；进一步地，利用上述 输出信号计算燃料电池的内阻，提高内阻测试的准确率。
附图说明
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种直流升压电路的拓扑图；
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法；
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种比例积分谐振控制器的控制框图；
图4是本申请实施例提供的又一种比例积分谐振控制器的控制框图；
图5是本申请实施例提供的一种信号波形图；
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种采样信号的信号图；
图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种直流升压电路的拓扑图；
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置的结构示意图；
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地描述。
本申请的说明书、权利要求书及附图中的术语“第一”和“第二”等仅用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备等，没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元等，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备等固有的其它步骤或单元。
在本文中提及的“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现上述短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员可以显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
在本申请中，“至少一个(项)”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上，“至少两个(项)”是指两个或三个及三个以上，“和/或”，用于描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，“A和/或B”可以表示：只存在A，只存在B以及同时存在A和B三种情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指这些项中的任意组合。例如，a，b或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，“a和b”，“a和c”，“b和c”，或“a和b和c”。
本申请实施例提供了直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法、装置及存储介质，为了更清楚地描述本申请的方案，接下来先介绍一些相关的知识。
直流电源(direct current power supply)有正、负两个电极，正极的电位高，负极的电位低，当两个电极与电路连通后，能够使电路两端之间维持恒定的电位差，从而在外电路中形成由正极到负极的电流。
燃料电池(fuel cell)是一种能量转化装置，它是按电化学原理，等温的把贮存在燃料和氧化剂中的化学能直接转化为电能，因而实际过程是氧化还原反应。燃料电池主要由四部分组成：阳极、阴极、电解质以及外部电路。燃料气和氧化气分别由燃料电池的阳极和阴极通入，燃料气在阳极上放出电子，电子经外电路传导到阴极并与氧化气结合生成离子，离子在电场作用下,通过电解质迁移到阳极上，与燃料气反应，构成回路，产生电流。燃料电池产生的电流为直流，燃料电池属于直流电源。
场效应管(field effect transistor，JFET)是利用控制输入回路的电场效应来控制输出回路电流的一种半导体器件，可以分为结型场效应管(junction field effect transistor，JFET)和金属氧化物半导体场效应管(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor，MOSFET)，MOSFET也称为MOS管，具有检波、整流、放大、开关、稳压、信号调制等多种功能，MOS管作为可变电流开关时，利用电信号来控制自身的开合，开关速度快；按照沟道的不同，可以将MOS管分为N沟道MOS管和P沟道MOS管，按照工作方式的不同，可以将MOS管分为耗尽型MOS管和增强型MOS管；MOS管有三个极：漏极(drain，D)，源极(source，S)以及栅极(gate，G)。
燃料电池具有转化效率高、环境友好和组装简单灵活等特点，但是实际的工作中，燃料电池仍然存在寿命问题、可靠性问题以及成本问题等。燃料电池的质子交换膜直接影响电路的工作状态，而质子交换膜的内阻测量信息可以推断燃料电池内部状态。目前，可以采用断流法和交流阻抗谱法测量燃料电池的内阻，由于断流法会对燃料电池产生较大的扰动而仅仅适用于简单系统；交流阻抗法是一种利用小幅度交流电压或电流对燃料电池扰动，进行电化学测试，从而获得的交流阻抗数据，对于交流阻抗法来说，扰动波形一般为正弦波，因为正弦波的波形较为规则，容易产生和进行分析，对于后续的研究来说较为方便。正弦波由电路生成，请参阅图1，图1是本申请实施例提供的一种直流升压电路的拓扑图。直流升压电路通过开关管的导通和关断来控制电感储存和释放能量，从而使输出电压比输入电压高；具体地，开关管的导通和关断由脉冲宽度调制实现，脉冲宽度调制是利用微处理器的数字输出对模拟电路进行控制的一种模拟控制方式，根据相应载荷的变化来调制晶体管基极或MOS管的栅极的偏置，来实现晶体管或MOS管导通时间的改变，从而实现开关稳压电源输出的改变，这种方式能使电源的输出电压在工作条件变化时保持恒定。
如图1所示，直流升压电路分为直流电源101，直流变换器102以及负载103三部分，直流变换器102位于直流电源101与负载103之间，具有与直流电源101以及负载103分别连接的接口。
直流电源是维持电路中形成稳恒电压电流的装置，直流电源101可以是燃料电池，在直流电源101为燃料电池的情况下，可以将直流升压电路中的电感1021的信号作为电路的输出信号。
直流变换器102包括电感1021，二极管模块1022，场效应管1023，电容1024以及接地端1025，上述二极管模块1022包括二极管和电阻，上述电阻用于限制电流，保护二极管。直流变换器102可以将直流电源101的输出电压升高到工作电压，并通过输入信号的作用，在直流电流上叠加电流作为阻抗的激励电流，特别地，上述直流变换器102可以通过输入信号的调节而输出正弦信号，上述正弦信号用于分析直流电源101的内阻。
电感是一种将电能转化为磁能而存储起来的元件。电感会阻碍电流的变化，在没有电流通过的状态下，电路接通时它将试图阻碍电流流过它；在有电流通过的状态下，电路断开时它将试图维持电流不变。图1中电感1021的电流为直流变换器102的输出。
二极管是用半导体材料(硅、硒、锗等)制成的一种电子器件，具有单向导电性能，即给二极管阳极和阴极加上正向电压时，二极管导通；当给二极管阳极和阴极加上反向电压时，二极管截止。因此，二极管的导通和截止相当于开关的接通与断开。
场效应管1023为N沟道增强型MOS管，其漏极D和源极S接入电路，输入信号从栅极G输入，从栅极G输入的信号不仅是场效应管1023的输入信号，同时也是直流变换器102的输入信号，输入信号可以调节电感1021上的电流信号。
直流升压电路的升压原理为：场效应管1023导通时，相当于一根导线直接将漏极D和源极S连起来形成短接，直流电源101通过电路给电感1021充电，电感1021储存能量；场效应管1023不导通时，相当于电路断开，由于电感有反向电动势作用而不能瞬时突变，而是会缓慢的逐渐放电。由于原来的电回路已经断开，电感只能通过二极管模块1022、负载103回路放电，即电感1021给电容1024充电，由于给电容1024充电之前电路已经为其提供电压，因此电容1024两端电压升高。
在上述直流变换器102中，输入信号会调节电感1021上的输出信号，通过上述输出信号，可以计算出直流电源101的内阻。本申请实施例提供了一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，通过改进直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，减小上述直流变换器的输出信号的总谐波失真。
请参阅图2，图2是本申请实施例提供的一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，应用于直流升压电路(具体请参阅图1)，上述直流升压电路包含直流变换器，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口，如图2所示，上述方法包括：
步骤201：获取直流变换器的输出信号。
电子设备获取直流变换器的输出信号。其中，上述电子设备可以是用于执行程序代码的微处理器或计算机等，本申请不作任何限制；根据前文对直流升压电路的描述，上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比用于调节电感上的电流信号，于是，上述直流变换器的输出信号为电感上的电流信号；同时，上述输出信号为直流升压电路中直流变换器实际输出的输出信号。
步骤202：获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差，依据上述误差确定参考占空比。
上述目标输出信号是按设计需求，为上述直流变换器需要输出的输出信号。例如，通过直流变换器的输入信号的调节，需要得到的输出信号是以1秒为周期，以2安培为幅度的正弦信号，那么上述以1秒为周期，以2安培为幅度的正弦信号就是上述直流变换器需要得到的输出信号，即上述目标输出信号。
通过设定信号的参数来获得上述目标输出信号。例如，设定目标输出信号为方波信号，上述方波信号的周期为2秒，幅度为1安培，占空比为50％，这样就可以得到上述目标输出信号。
特别地，将上述目标输出信号设定为正弦信号，正弦信号相较于其他类型的信号有更 加规则的波形，能够简化电源内阻的计算过程。
根据前文的描述可以理解，信号从直流变换器输入(请参阅图1，从场效应管1023的栅极G输入)后，将得到输出信号(请参阅图1，电感1021上的电流为输出信号)；但是直流变换器实际的输出信号与设定的目标输出信号之间存在差异，也即，当信号从直流变换器输入，得到的输出信号与上述目标输出信号之间存在差异；将上述目标输出信号与上述输出信号作差，得到上述两个信号之间的误差，上述误差为一个数值，可以为正数，也可以为负数。
依据上述误差确定参考占空比，具体地，将上述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到上述参考占空比，谐振控制器用于增强生成激励频率处的增益，单独的谐振控制器在原理上是一个窄带带通滤波器，通过放大中心频率处的误差来提高控制器的增益。请参阅图3，图3是本申请实施例提供的一种比例积分谐振控制器的控制框图，如图3所示，控制对象为图1所示的直流升压电路，上述直流升压电路中电感1021上的电流为图3中的输出信号，输出信号的类型与设定的目标输出信号的类型相同，如设定的目标输出信号为三角波信号时，那么控制对象的输出信号也为三角波信号；将输出信号作为反馈信号与目标输出信号作差，得到上述两个信号之间的误差；将上述误差输入比例控制器得到第一占空比，将上述误差输入积分控制器得到第二占空比，将上述误差输入谐振控制器得到第三占空比，将上述第一占空比，上述第二占空比以及上述第三占空比之和作为上述参考占空比。例如，将上述误差输入比例控制器得到第一占空比为1％，将上述误差输入积分控制器得到第二占空比为2％，将上述误差输入谐振控制器得到第三占空比为3％，那么，上述参考占空比为上述3个占空比之和6％。
特别地，如图3所示，上述谐振控制器的系数为K，上述K为大于或等于0的数。K相当于放大器，改变谐振控制器的作用强度。在工作稳定，即不需要生成激励时，把K置0，这样比例积分谐振控制器就变成了单纯的比例积分控制器，稳定性好；在需要生成激励时，通过环路反馈误差来调节上述K的大小，误差越大，上述K越大，控制效果越好，从而实现输出激励对设定信号的无静差跟踪。
步骤203：将上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，直到直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
得到上述参考占空比之后，将上述直流变换器输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，即在图3中，将上述参考占空比设定为控制对象的输入信号的占空比，如前文对直流升压电路的介绍，直流变换器输入信号的占空比会调节直流变换器的输出信号，随着上述直流升压电路的运行以及输入信号的占空比的变化，上述输出信号与上述目标输出信号之间的误差也会发生变化；在上述直流升压电路工作稳定，没有外部扰动时，上述目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差称为稳态误差，在直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值的情况下，利用上述输出信号计算直流电源的内阻，从而提高内阻测试的准确性；上述参考阈值可以根据实际情况确定，上述输出信号用于计算直流电源的内阻时，输出信号的总谐波失真越小越好，本申请不作任何限制。
总结图2对应的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法可知，利用比例控制器、积分控制器以及谐振控制器三者并联，对设定的目标输出信号与直流变换器的输出信号之间的误差 进行控制，从而减少上述输出信号的总谐波失真；并且，为谐振控制器增加放大器，以灵活控制电路中谐振控制器的作用强度，提高控制输出信号与目标输出信号之间误差的效率。
图2对应的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法中，目标输出信号设定为单一频率的正弦信号，直流升压电路中包含单路直流变换器，接下来分别介绍多个不同频率叠加以及多路直流变换器下的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法。
首先介绍多个不同频率叠加情况下的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，请参阅图4，图4是本申请实施例提供的又一种比例积分谐振控制器的控制框图；如图4所示，控制器部分由比例控制器，积分控制器以及M个谐振控制器的并联组成，上述M为大于或等于2的整数；上述情况下，目标输出信号由M个频率不同的信号叠加组成，即目标输出信号对应M个谐振点，上述M个谐振控制器中每个谐振控制器提高一个谐振点的增益，最终提高上述目标输出信号中每个谐振点的增益，从而减小输出信号的总谐波失真；同理，上述M个谐振控制器中每个谐振控制器对应一个放大器，即每个谐振控制器的系数为K，上述K为大于或等于0的数，如图4所示，第1个谐振控制器的放大器为K 1，第2个谐振控制器的放大器为K 2，那么第M个谐振控制器的放大器为K M，利用上述放大器调节每个谐振控制器的作用强度，从而提高减小输出信号与目标输出信号之间误差的效率。这里以设定的目标输出信号为2个正弦信号的叠加为例，应用于直流升压电路(具体请参阅图1)，上述直流升压电路包含直流变换器，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口。
请参阅图5，图5是本申请实施例提供的一种信号波形图，图5中的信号是频率为25赫兹，幅度为25安培的正弦信号与频率为30赫兹(Hz)，幅度为30安培(A)的正弦信号叠加而成，具体的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法如下：
首先，将目标输出信号设定为图5所示的信号，即将目标输出信号设定为以25Hz为频率，以25A为幅度的正弦信号和以30Hz为频率，以30A为幅度的正弦信号的叠加。上述情况下，控制器控制的谐振点为25Hz和30Hz，控制器中谐振控制器的个数为2，于是，设定第一谐振控制器对频率25Hz进行控制，设定第二谐振控制器对频率30Hz进行控制。
然后，获取上述直流变换器的输出信号，将上述输出信号与上述目标输出信号之间的误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，输出占空比；再将上述占空比设定为上述直流变换器输入信号的占空比。根据前文的描述可以理解，直流变换器的输入信号可以控制输出信号，进而，每次直流变换器的输入信号的占空比变化时，直流变换器的输出信号与目标输出信号之间的误差也会发生变化，在上述直流升压电路达到稳定状态的情况下，上述直流变换器的输出信号与目标输出信号之间的误差称为稳态误差，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值，将上述输出信号用于直流电源的内阻测量。其中，上述比例积分谐振控制器包括比例控制器，积分控制器以及2个谐振控制器，上述2个控制器分别对谐振点为25Hz和30Hz的正弦信号进行控制，在谐振点处放大误差来提高控制器的增益，从而减小输出信号的总谐波失真；由于输出信号由设定的目标输出信号类型决定，输出信号同样为两个不同频率的正弦信号的叠加，在计算电源的内阻时，对上述输出信号进行快速傅里叶变换，通过频域的分析可以得出输出信号中叠加的频率，从而分离出上述2个信号，再分别利用上述2个分离出的信号进行内阻计算后取平均，可以提高电源的内阻测试的准 确率；上述参考阈值可以根据实际情况确定，稳态误差越小，电源内阻测量越准确，本申请不作任何限制。
特别地，由于输入信号是一组高电平和低电平组成的周期信号，且输入信号控制电路的输出信号，上述输入信号也可称为开关信号，输入信号的时间周期也可称为开关周期；在开关信号是高电平的时候，直流电源给电感充电，那么电感上的输出电流增大；在开关信号是低电平的时候，电感给负载放电，电感上的输出电流减小。所以，电感上的电流会在输出电流的有效值上下波动，即在有效的设定值上下波动，形成三角波。于是，将上述控制对象的输出信号作为反馈信号与上述目标输出信号作差得到误差之前，在一个开关周期内，对实际的输出信号的最大值和最小值进行采样，将上述最大值与最小值的平均值作为上述输出信号在上述开关周期内的信号值。具体地，请参阅图6，图6是本申请实施例提供的一种采样信号的信号图，如图6所示，控制对象实际输出的信号称为第一输出信号，上述第一输出信号受到输入信号的调节，在输入信号为高电平时，上述第一输出信号呈线性增加的趋势；在输入信号为低电平时，上述第一输出信号呈线性减小的趋势，因而形成三角波；采样时，在一个开关周期内对上述第一输出信号的最大值M和最小值m进行采样，再将上述最大值M与最小值m的平均值A作为上述第一输出信号在一个开关周期内的信号值，得到第二输出信号；最后再将上述第二输出信号作为反馈信号与目标输出信号作差，得到误差。通过上述处理，可以提高输出信号的精度，且在设定的目标输出信号为正弦信号的情况下，经过上述采样处理可以减小信号出现偏差的概率。
接下来介绍多路直流变换器下的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，请参阅图7，图7是本申请实施例提供的又一种直流升压电路的拓扑图。如图7所示，上述直流升压电路分为直流电源，直流变换器以及负载三部分；其中，上述直流变换器的个数为N，上述N为大于或等于1的整数，当上述N取1时，图7中的电路与上述图1中的电路相同，相关的控制方法与前文相同，这里不再赘述，而是针对以2个及以上的直流变换器作解释，如图7所示，上述N个直流变换器相互并联，具体的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法如下：
针对上述N个直流变换器设定N个目标输出信号。例如，直流变换器有3个，分别设定目标输出信号为以2Hz为频率、15A为幅度，以3Hz为频率、18A为幅度，以5Hz为频率、20A为幅度的正弦信号。可以理解的是，上述设定的信号可以是相同的信号，也可以是不同的信号，本申请不作任何限制。
分别获取上述N个直流变换器的输出信号，上述N个直流变换器分别对应一个比例积分谐振控制器，每个直流变换器将上述输出信号与上述目标输出信号之间的误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，输出占空比；再将上述占空比设定为上述直流变换器输入信号的占空比，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。可以理解的是，对于上述并联的N个直流变换器中每一个直流变换器来说，控制方法与上述图2中的控制方法相同，这里不再赘述。
上述对N个并联的直流变换器的输入信号分别进行控制的方法，一方面，在计算电源内阻时，每路直流变换器可以得到一组结果，通过对N组结果求取平均的方法可以提高内阻测量的准确率；另一方面，直流变换器中的MOS管存在电流阈值，在设定信号的电流大于直流变换器中MOS管的电流阈值时，将上述设定的电流用上述N个直流电路进行分流， 分别得到输出电流后再叠加，可以解决设定信号的电流大于直流变换器中MOS管的电流阈值的问题。
综上可知，本申请实施例提供的直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，利用比例控制器、积分控制器以及谐振控制器三者并联，对设定的目标输出信号与直流变换器的输出信号之间的误差进行控制，从而减少上述输出信号的总谐波失真。
在比例积分谐振控制器中，通过多个谐振控制器的并联，可以同时生成多个频率叠加的输出信号，在计算直流电源内阻时，通过快速傅里叶变换分离出各个频率的信号，分别计算内阻再取平均的方法，提高内阻计算的准确率；在直流升压电路中，通过多路直流变换器的并联，同时得到多组输出信号，针对每一组输出信号计算直流电源的内阻再取平均，提高内阻计算的准确率。
另外，通过改进采样方法，将输出信号在时间周期内的最大值和最小值的平均值作为上述输出信号在上述时间周期内的信号值，从而提高输出信号的精度。通过为谐振控制器增加放大器，以灵活控制电路中谐振控制器的作用强度，提高控制输出信号与目标输出信号之间的误差的效率。
上述详细阐述了本申请实施例的方法，下面提供本申请实施例的装置。
请参阅图8，图8是本申请实施例提供的一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置的结构示意图，上述直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置80，应用于直流升压电路，上述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，上述N为大于或等于1的整数，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口(具体请参阅图7)，上述直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置80包括获取单元801以及确定单元802，其中，各个单元的描述如下：
获取单元801，用于获取直流变换器的输出信号，上述直流变换器为上述N个直流变换器中任意一个直流变换器；
确定单元802，用于获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差，依据上述误差确定参考占空比；将上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
可选地，上述确定单元802，还用于将上述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到上述参考占空比。
可选地，上述确定单元802，还用于将上述误差分别输入比例控制器，积分控制器以及谐振控制器，得到第一占空比，第二占空比以及第三占空比；将上述第一占空比，上述第二占空比以及上述第三占空比的和作为上述参考占空比。
可选地，上述谐振控制器的系数为K，上述K为大于或等于0的数。
可选地，上述目标输出信号为正弦信号。
可选地，上述目标输出信号为M个频率不同的信号的叠加，上述M为大于或等于2的整数；上述谐振控制器的个数为M。
可选地，上述确定单元802，还用于将上述输出信号在时间周期内的最大值和最小值的平均值作为上述输出信号在上述时间周期内的信号值，上述时间周期为上述输入信号的任意一个时间周期。
请参阅图9，图9是本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图，上述电子设备 90应用于直流升压电路，上述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，上述N为大于或等于1的整数，上述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口(具体请参阅图7)。
上述电子设备90包括存储器901、处理器902。进一步可选的，还可以包含通信接口903以及总线904，其中，存储器901、处理器902以及通信接口903通过总线904实现彼此之间的通信连接。通信接口903与上述直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置80进行数据交互。
其中，存储器901用于提供存储空间，存储空间中可以存储操作系统和计算机程序等数据。存储器901包括但不限于是随机存储记忆体(random access memory，RAM)、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable programmable read only memory，EPROM)、或便携式只读存储器(compact disc read-only memory，CD-ROM)。
处理器902是进行算术运算和逻辑运算的模块，可以是中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、显卡处理器(graphics processing unit，GPU)或微处理器(microprocessor unit，MPU)等处理模块中的一种或者多种的组合。
存储器901中存储有计算机程序，处理器902调用存储器901中存储的计算机程序，以执行以下操作：
获取直流变换器的输出信号，上述直流变换器为上述N个直流变换器中任意一个直流变换器；
获得目标输出信号与上述输出信号之间的误差，依据上述误差确定参考占空比；
将上述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为上述参考占空比，直到上述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
需要说明的是，上述电子设备90的具体实现还可以参照图3至图7所示的方法实施例的相应描述。
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，上述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，当上述计算机程序在一个或多个处理器上运行时，可以实现图3至图7所示的方法。
综上可知，本申请实施例提供的直流变换器的输入信号的控制产品，利用比例控制器、积分控制器以及谐振控制器三者并联，对设定的目标输出信号与直流变换器的输出信号之间的误差进行控制，减少上述输出信号的总谐波失真。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程，上述流程可以由计算机程序相关的硬件完成，上述计算机程序可存储于计算机可读取存储介质中，上述计算机程序在执行时，可包括如上述各方法实施例的流程。而前述的存储介质包括：只读存储器ROM或随机存储记忆体RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可存储计算机程序代码的介质。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制方法，应用于直流升压电路，所述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，所述N为大于或等于1的整数，所述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    获取直流变换器的输出信号，所述直流变换器为所述N个直流变换器中任意一个直流变换器；
    获得目标输出信号与所述输出信号之间的误差，依据所述误差确定参考占空比；
    将所述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为所述参考占空比，直到所述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述依据所述误差确定参考占空比包括：
    将所述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到所述参考占空比。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述将所述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到所述参考占空比，包括：
    将所述误差分别输入比例控制器，积分控制器以及谐振控制器，得到第一占空比，第二占空比以及第三占空比；
    将所述第一占空比，所述第二占空比以及所述第三占空比的和作为所述参考占空比。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述谐振控制器的系数为K，所述K为大于或等于0的数。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标输出信号为M个频率不同的信号的叠加，所述M为大于或等于2的整数；所述谐振控制器的个数为M。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述获得目标输出信号与所述输出信号之间的误差之前，所述方法还包括：
    将所述输出信号在时间周期内的最大值和最小值的平均值作为所述输出信号在所述时间周期内的信号值，所述时间周期为所述输入信号的任意一个时间周期。
  7. 一种直流变换器的输入信号的控制装置，应用于直流升压电路，所述直流升压电路包含N个直流变换器，所述N为大于或等于1的整数，所述直流变换器具有与直流电源以及负载分别连接的接口，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    获取单元，用于获取直流变换器的输出信号，所述直流变换器为所述N个直流变换器中任意一个直流变换器；
    确定单元，用于获得目标输出信号与所述输出信号之间的误差，依据所述误差确定参考占空比；将所述直流变换器的输入信号的占空比设定为所述参考占空比，直到所述直流升压电路的稳态误差的绝对值小于参考阈值。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述确定单元，还用于将所述误差输入比例积分谐振控制器，得到所述参考占空比。
  9. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括：处理器和存储器，其中，所述存储器中存储有计算机程序，所述处理器调用所述存储器中存储的计算机程序，用于执行如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算 机程序，当所述计算机程序在一个或多个处理器上运行时，执行如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法。
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