WO2022244517A1 - 給電装置、及び、給電方法 - Google Patents
給電装置、及び、給電方法 Download PDFInfo
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- power transmission
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 256
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102220471545 Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase_S26A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply device and a power supply method.
- first detection means for detecting the direction of a power receiving device, first radiation for wirelessly radiating power in the direction of the power receiving device detected by the first detection means, and radiating power for power
- a power supply device having control means for controlling a radiating part that radiates the power so as to perform a second radiation that wirelessly radiates the power while changing the direction within a specified range
- a conventional power feeding device when supplying power to a plurality of power receiving devices, is capable of both supplying power to a specific power receiving device that requires a large amount of received power and supplying power to a power receiving device other than the specific power receiving device. not going to
- a power feeding device controls phases of power transmission signals of a plurality of first antennas positioned around each of a plurality of first power receiving devices among a plurality of antennas capable of transmitting power, and a power transmission control unit that controls a phase of a power transmission signal of one or more second antennas other than the plurality of first antennas positioned around each of the plurality of first power receiving devices, among the plurality of antennas; a plurality of first antennas positioned around one first power receiving device among the first power receiving devices of the plurality of first power receiving devices and a plurality of first antennas positioned around another one of the plurality of first power receiving devices includes at least one common first antenna, and the power transmission control unit is positioned around each of the plurality of first power receiving devices in a repeating cycle including a plurality of subframes in one cycle.
- a plurality of antennas positioned around one first power receiving device of the plurality of first power receiving devices in one subframe of the plurality of subframes; while maintaining the phase relationship of the power transmission signals so that the phases of the power transmission signals received by the one first power receiving device from the first antenna of the plurality of subframes are changed in time series, and in one subframe of, the power transmission signal received by the other first power receiving device from a plurality of first antennas positioned around the other one of the plurality of first power receiving devices
- the phases of the power transmission signals are changed in time series while maintaining the phase relationship of the power transmission signals so that the phases of the power transmission signals are aligned, and the phases of the power transmission signals transmitted by the one or more second antennas are changed in time series.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a control device 140;
- FIG. 11 shows an example of an antenna subset 110A;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the phase of a power reception signal of the specific device 250A;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method of determining phase relationships of transmission signals of a plurality of antenna elements 111 in a received power monitoring mode; It is a figure explaining a phase index.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of phase indices PI assigned to antenna elements of antenna subset 110A.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of phase indices set to antenna elements 111 of antenna subset 110A in subset mode.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a flowchart representing processing executed by a control device 140.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of a cumulative distribution function of received power;
- FIG. 11 shows an example of multiple antenna subsets 110A1-110A5.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the structure of a frame;
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing allocation order data;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to sub
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes; 4 is a diagram showing a flowchart representing processing executed by a power transmission control unit 143.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simulation result of allocating specific devices 250A to subframes; It is a figure which shows an example of drive data.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power supply device 100 according to an embodiment.
- the XYZ coordinate system will be used.
- a planar view is an XY planar view.
- the power supply device 100 is arranged in a large-scale facility area 10 such as a smart factory, a large-scale plant, a distribution center, and a warehouse.
- the power supply device 100 includes an array antenna 110, a phase shifter 120, an IC chip 125, a microwave generation source 130, and a control device 140, and supplies power (microwave power supply) to a plurality of devices 250 existing within the area 10 without contact. I do.
- the power supply method of the embodiment is a power supply method realized by the power supply device 100, and particularly realized by processing executed by the control device 140. FIG.
- the power supply apparatus 100 When supplying power to an unspecified number of devices 250, the power supply apparatus 100 causes the array antenna 110 to transmit power using beamforming.
- the plurality of antenna elements 111 of the array antenna 110 can transmit in a power transmission phase designated by a power transmission control unit, which will be described later.
- a power transmission control unit which will be described later.
- the phases of the power transmission signals output by the plurality of antenna elements 111 are fixed, standing waves are generated in the region 10 by beams formed from the plurality of antenna output signals. almost no power is supplied.
- the power supply device 100 randomly shifts the phases of the plurality of power transmission signals output from the plurality of antenna elements 111 in time series so that the node of the standing wave is at a specific location. I try not to let it happen for a long time.
- the nodes of the standing wave are made to move within the region 10 .
- the phase of the transmitted signal is shifted according to the time slot.
- the power transmission signal is a signal that is transmitted (transmitted) from the antenna element 111 and has a predetermined power.
- Such power transmission using beams formed by randomly shifting the phases of a plurality of power transmission signals output from a plurality of antenna elements 111 according to time slots is hereinafter referred to as random beamforming.
- a device 250 that requires more received power to charge the internal battery 253 thereof there may be a device 250 that requires more received power to charge the internal battery 253 thereof.
- a device 250 that requires more received power in this way is referred to as a specific device 250A.
- One device 250 at a point in time is shown in FIG. 1 as a particular device 250A.
- the specific device 250A is an example of a first power receiving device.
- the specific device 250A mainly receives power from the multiple antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A of the multiple antenna elements 111 . This is because the battery 253 of the specific device 250A is charged early by transmitting power more intensively than by random beam forming.
- Antenna element 111 included in antenna subset 110A is an example of a first antenna.
- Antenna elements 111 not included in antenna subset 110A are an example of second antennas.
- Power transmission from the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A to the specific device 250A is also phase-shifted according to the time slots.
- four antenna elements 111 are included in antenna subset 110A.
- the antenna subset 110A and the phase shift of the transmission signal to the specific device 250A are described below.
- non-specific devices 250B devices other than the specific device 250A are referred to as non-specific devices 250B.
- the non-specific device 250B is an example of a second power receiving device. All devices 250 can be specific devices 250A depending on the circumstances.
- the specific device 250A ceases to receive concentrated power supply from the antenna subset 110A and becomes a non-specific device 250B.
- the non-specific device 250B receives power transmission by random beamforming from the antenna elements 111 including the antenna subset 110A.
- the power supply device 100 is a power supply device that achieves both power transmission to the non-specific device 250B by random beamforming and power transmission to the specific device 250A from the antenna subset 110A. Note that hereinafter, the specific device 250A and the non-specific device 250B are simply referred to as the device 250 when not particularly distinguished.
- the device 250 has a power receiving antenna 251, a control section 252, and a battery 253, as shown enlarged in the lower part of FIG.
- the power receiving antenna 251 is an antenna for receiving power from one or more antenna elements 111 .
- the power receiving antenna 251 outputs the received power to the control unit 252 and the battery 253 .
- the control unit 252 performs charge control to charge the battery 253 with the received power while receiving power from the antenna element 111 via the power receiving antenna 251, and issues an alarm when the charge amount of the battery 253 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value. It transmits to the control device 140 from the antenna 252A.
- the control unit 252 includes, for example, a short-range wireless communication unit such as BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy (registered trademark)) or EnOcean (registered trademark). Send to control device 140 .
- control unit 252 upon receiving a time slot index detection command, which will be described later, control unit 252 receives power for a predetermined period, and then transmits index data indicating the time slot index (time slot number) with the highest received power to control device 140 . .
- Control unit 252 receives a power transmission command from control device 140 when the amount of charge in battery 253 becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value. Transmission of the power transmission command and the time slot index detection command from the control device 140 to the device 250 may be performed by communication using BLE as an example. Note that the index data is an example of information specifying a time slot.
- the battery 253 is, for example, a secondary battery or a capacitor, and charges power supplied from the power receiving antenna 251 .
- a load that consumes power may be connected to the battery 253 .
- the load may be a sensor that detects temperature, humidity, etc.
- the device 250 can be treated as a sensor device.
- the load may be a power source such as a motor or actuator, and the device 250 may be a device that performs dynamic work.
- the electric power charged by the battery 253 is used as power for driving a power source such as a motor of the mobile body as a load, a control unit, or the like. can do.
- the array antenna 110 is an example of a two-dimensional antenna grid, and includes antenna elements 111 arranged in a matrix as an example. As an example, there are 256 antenna elements 111, 16 in the X direction and 16 in the Y direction. 256 antenna elements 111 are located on the XY plane.
- Each antenna element 111 is connected to the microwave generation source 130 via the power transmission cable 130A, and is supplied with power in the microwave band. Under the control of controller 140, four antenna elements 111 selected as antenna elements 111 forming antenna subset 110A of 256 antenna elements 111 transmit power to specific device 250A, but are not specific. Secondary power is also supplied to a non-specific device 250B located near the device 250A. The antenna elements 111 that are not included in the antenna subset 110A transmit power to the non-specific device 250B by random beamforming, but secondary power is also supplied from the antenna elements 111 located relatively near the specific device 250A. Note that the number of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A may be any number as long as it is plural.
- the antenna element 111 is a rectangular patch antenna in a plan view.
- the antenna element 111 may have a ground plate held at ground potential on the -Z direction side.
- Each antenna element 111 is attached to the ceiling, pillar, or the like of a large-scale facility such as the smart factory described above.
- the interval between each antenna element 111 corresponds to, for example, several wavelengths of the communication frequency of the antenna element 111 .
- the communication frequency of the antenna element 111 is assumed to be a microwave band, for example, a frequency of 920 MHz band.
- FIG. 1 also shows, as an example, a state in which the specific device 250A receives power from four antenna elements 111 out of the 256 antenna elements 111 included in the array antenna 110.
- FIG. 1 the set of multiple antenna elements 111 selected by controller 140 to transmit power to a particular device 250A is referred to as antenna subset 110A.
- the antenna elements 111 not included in the antenna subset 110A transmit power by random beamforming while shifting the phase of the transmission signal according to the time slot, and the power transmitted by random beamforming is received by the non-specific device 250B. Secondary power is also received by the specific device 250A.
- phase shifter 120 is connected to each antenna element 111 and inserted between each antenna element 111 and the power transmission cable 130A.
- FIG. 1 for convenience of explanation, one antenna element 111, phase shifter 120, and IC chip 125 are shown enlarged.
- the phase shifter 120 shifts the transmission phase of power transmitted from the microwave generation source 130 via the power transmission cable 130A and outputs the power to the antenna element 111 .
- Phase shifter 120 is an example of a phase adjuster.
- IC chip 125 includes a measurement unit that measures received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of received power and a BLE communication unit, and transmits a beacon signal including data representing the measured RSSI value to control device 140 .
- a communication unit of the IC chip 125 has an antenna for BLE communication.
- the microwave generation source 130 is connected to 256 phase shifters 120 and supplies microwaves of predetermined power.
- Microwave source 130 is an example of a radio wave source.
- the microwave frequency is, for example, a frequency in the 920 MHz band.
- the form in which the power supply device 100 includes the microwave generation source 130 will be described here, it is not limited to microwaves, and radio waves of a predetermined frequency may be used.
- the control device 140 is an example of a control unit, and is a microcomputer having a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), and nonvolatile memory. Wavelet Multitone (DWMT) can be used.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- ROM Read Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- DWMT Wavelet Multitone
- the control device 140 has an antenna 140A, receives a beacon signal with an alarm written from the device 250, and receives a beacon signal including an RSSI value from the IC chip 125 connected to each antenna element 111. Also, the controller 140 receives index data representing a time slot index from the specific device 250A. The index data is data representing the time slot index when the received power of the specific device 250A is maximized when determining the phase relationship of the transmitted signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A. The index data received from the specific device 250A determines the phase relationship (phase relationship) of the transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A. Details of this will be described later.
- the control device 140 performs selection control of the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A, phase control of the 256 phase shifters 120, and power output control of the microwave generation source 130. Phase control of the transmission signal of the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A and phase control of the transmission signal by random beam forming of the antenna elements 111 not included in the antenna subset 110A are realized by phase control in the phase shifter 120. be.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the control device 140.
- the control device 140 has a main control section 141 , a subset selection section 142 , a power transmission control section 143 and a memory 144 .
- the main control unit 141, the subset selection unit 142, and the power transmission control unit 143 represent functions of programs executed by the control device 140 as functional blocks.
- a memory 144 functionally represents the memory of the control device 140 .
- the main control unit 141 is a processing unit that supervises the processing of the control device 140, and executes processing other than the processing executed by the subset selection unit 142 and the power transmission control unit 143.
- the subset selection unit 142 When the subset selection unit 142 receives a beacon signal including an alarm from any device 250 , it transmits a power transmission command to that device 250 .
- the device 250 that has transmitted the beacon signal including the alarm is the device 250 whose charge amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value, and is the device 250 that is a candidate for the specific device 250A.
- Subset selection section 142 monitors the received power of all antenna elements 111 after transmitting the power transmission command, and selects a plurality of antenna elements 111 whose received power intensity (RSSI) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value as antenna elements 111 included in antenna subset 110A.
- RSSI received power intensity
- antenna elements 111 included in antenna subset 110A are selected, device 250 that is a candidate for specific device 250A is treated as specific device 250A.
- a plurality of antenna elements 111 whose received power intensity (RSSI) is greater than or equal to a predetermined value are located around the specific device 250A, and are located closer to the specific device 250A than the plurality of antenna elements 111 whose received power intensity (RSSI) is less than a predetermined value. is the antenna element 111 close to .
- it may be a plurality of antenna elements 111 at predetermined higher ranks in the RSSI magnitude ranking.
- the power transmission control unit 143 performs power transmission control for transmitting power from all the antenna elements 111 .
- the power transmission control unit 143 randomly sets the phases of the power transmission signals of all the antenna elements 111 and randomly shifts the phases for each time slot using random beam forming. Power transmission control by (random mode). As a result, the position where the standing wave of the power transmission signal occurs in the area 10 (see FIG. 1) can be prevented from being fixed in time, and all the devices 250 can receive power relatively evenly.
- the power transmission control unit 143 uses the specific device 250A to switch the power transmission control of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A from the random mode to the subset mode.
- Received power monitoring mode for monitoring the received power of the In the received power monitoring mode, similarly to the random mode, a process of randomly setting the phase of the transmission signal of the plurality of antenna elements 111 and randomly shifting the phase for each time slot is performed over a predetermined period.
- the predetermined period is, for example, a period of 256 time slots.
- the power transmission control unit 143 When the power transmission control unit 143 receives the index data representing the time slot index from the specific device 250A after the elapse of the predetermined period, the power transmission control unit 143 shifts to the subset mode, and adjusts the phase of the power transmission signal of the plurality of antenna elements 111 in the time slot represented by the index data.
- Power transmission control that performs power transmission while randomly shifting the phase set of the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 (the set of phases of the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111) for each time slot while maintaining the relationship (phase relationship). to run.
- the phase relationship is the relationship between the phases of the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 and the relationship of the phase difference between the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 .
- the power transmission control unit 143 When the power transmission control unit 143 receives a beacon signal including data indicating completion of charging from the specific device 250A, the power transmission control unit 143 ends the subset mode and returns the power transmission mode of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A to the random mode.
- the power transmission control unit 143 further performs processing described later using FIGS. 11 to 21 .
- the memory 144 stores data, programs, etc. used when the main control unit 141, the subset selection unit 142, and the power transmission control unit 143 execute processing. Data representing the phase of the power transmission signal in each time slot is also stored in memory 144 .
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the antenna subset 110A.
- antenna subset 110A includes four antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4,4), (4,5), (5,4), (5,5).
- the antenna grid index is an index that indicates the position of the antenna element 111 within the area 10 (see FIG. 1).
- a specific device 250A is located near the approximate center of the antenna subset 110A.
- Four antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) are located around the specific device 250A and have antenna grid indices (4, 4).
- 4), (4,5), (5,4), and (5,5) are antenna elements 111 closer to the specific device 250A than the plurality of antenna elements 111 other than (5,4) and (5,5).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram explaining the phase of the power reception signal of the specific device 250A.
- the I axis is the real axis and the Q axis is the imaginary axis.
- the four vectors denoted (4,4), (4,5), (5,4), (5,5) are the antenna grid indices (4,4), (4,5), (5,4). ) and (5, 5), the signals received by the specific device 250A from the antenna elements 111 of (5, 5) are represented by vectors.
- a linear vector A is obtained by summing the signals received from the element 111 .
- Vector A indicates that signals received by specific device 250A from antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) are in phase. represents the maximized received power.
- the signals received by specific device 250A from antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4,4), (4,5), (5,4), and (5,5) included in antenna subset 110A are By aligning the phases, the combined vector of the four received signals can be maximized.
- being in phase includes not only a state in which the phases are completely the same, but also a state substantially equivalent to a state in which the phases are completely the same. Strictly speaking, it may not be easy to align the phases. For example, if the phase shift is about ⁇ 5%, there is no problem in thinking that the phases are aligned.
- the four power transmission signals Shifting the phase rotates vector A about the I and Q axes.
- a vector B represents the random mode power received by the specific device 250A. Due to the random mode phase shift for each time slot, vector B randomly rotates 360 degrees as indicated by the dashed arrow.
- the received power of the specific device 250A becomes the received power represented by the combined vector of the vector A and the vector B shown in FIG. Therefore, the signal received by the specific device 250A is dominated by the contribution of the vector A, and the received power is increased.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram explaining a method of determining the phase relationship of the transmitted signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 in the received power monitoring mode.
- the upper table of FIG. 5 is divided into time slots in the horizontal direction, and the time slot indices are 1 to L as an example. L is 256, for example.
- L is 256, for example.
- the antenna grid index is shown, and the phase of the transmission signal of the antenna element 111 of (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), (5, 5) indicates The phases of the four power transmission signals are randomly set between the antenna elements 111 in each time slot and are randomly shifted for each time slot.
- FIG. 5 shows the received power (dBm) of the specific device 250A at time slot indexes 1 to L.
- the specific device 250A may store the received power in each time slot in the memory within the control unit 252, or may compare the received power and update the time index to the maximum received power up to the present time. good.
- FIG. 5 shows that the received power reaches its maximum when the time slot index is 4 and the antenna grid indexes are (4, 4) and (4, 5). ), (5, 4), and (5, 5), the phase indexes of the transmission signals of the antenna elements 111 were 29, 11, 3, and 24, respectively.
- the specific device 250A transmits index data indicating that the time slot index is 4 to the controller 140.
- the phase index indicates a normalized value of the phase, and the larger the value, the larger the phase value.
- the specific device 250A may start counting time slots using the timing of transmitting a beacon signal or a period during which power is not transmitted from the array antenna 110 . This is because such timing can be easily used by the specific device 250A as a trigger to start counting the time slots.
- the specific device 250A and the control device 140 share the time slot information, for example, the time slot count is started at the timing when the frame header of the frame including the time slot indexes of 1 to L is detected. Just do it.
- the phase relationship of the transmission signal when the power received by the specific device 250A is maximum is controlled by the specific device 250A.
- the device 140 can be notified and power transmission can be implemented in a phase relationship that allows for efficient power reception.
- the index data may be data that can identify one of the 256 time slot indexes, so the data size is 8 bits.
- the received power of the particular device 250A will be at its maximum. If such a phase difference relationship is maintained, the received power of the specific device 250A has a state in which four vectors of the received power are aligned (or nearly aligned) as shown in FIG. As a result, efficient power reception becomes possible.
- the power feeding apparatus 100 feeds antenna elements with antenna grid indices of (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) for each time slot. 111 is randomly phase-shifted to feed the specific device 250A from the antenna subset 110A.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram explaining the phase index.
- FIG. 6 shows, as an example, phase indices obtained by dividing 360 degrees into 64 degrees. When the phase index is 1, the phase is 0 degrees, and each time the phase index increases, the phase increases by 360 degrees/64.
- phase index is obtained by PSK (Phase Shift Keying).
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of phase indices PI assigned to the antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A.
- the transmission phase indexes PI of the transmission signals of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indexes (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) are set to 29, 11, 3, and 24. It is
- the power supply apparatus 100 supplies power from the antenna subset 110A to the specific device 250A while maintaining this phase relationship and randomly shifting the phase of the power transmission signal for each time slot.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of phase indices set to antenna elements 111 of antenna subset 110A in subset mode.
- the transmission signals of the antenna elements 111 with the antenna grid indexes (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) are The phase indices PI are set to 29,11,3,24.
- the phase index PI of the transmission signal of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) with a time slot index of 2 or later is time While maintaining the phase relationship when the slot index is 1, it shifts randomly.
- the phase indexes PI of the transmission signals of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indexes (4, 4) and (4, 5) are 29 and 11, and the difference between them is 18.
- the phase indices PI of the transmission signals of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4) and (5, 4) are 29 and 3, and the difference between them is 26.
- the phase indices PI of the transmission signals of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4) and (5, 5) are 29 and 24, with a difference of 5.
- the phase index PI of the transmission signal of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) with a time slot index of 2 or later is as described above. It shifts randomly while maintaining a good phase difference.
- the timeslot index transitions from 1 to 2
- the four phase indices are incremented by 30.
- the time slot index transitions from 2 to 3
- the four phase indices are decremented by 40.
- the phase index PI of the transmission signal of the antenna element 111 whose antenna grid index is (5, 4) is changed from 2 to 3 for the time slot index.
- 33-40 -7, indicated by 57, which is -7 plus 64.
- Such a phase relationship among the four phase indices remains the same even after the time slot index transitions from 3 to 4.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a flowchart representing processing executed by the control device 140.
- the power transmission control unit 143 transmits power from all the antenna elements 111 in random mode (step S1).
- the power transmission control unit 143 randomly sets the phases of the power transmission signals of all the antenna elements 111 and performs power transmission control by random beamforming that randomly shifts the phases for each time slot.
- the subset selection unit 142 determines whether a beacon signal including an alarm has been received from any device 250 (step S2).
- the device 250 whose battery 253 is charged to a predetermined value or less writes data representing an alarm in a BLE beacon signal and transmits the data to the control device 140 .
- the process of step S2 is a process of determining whether a beacon signal including such an alarm has been received. Since the beacon signal includes the ID (Identifier) of each device 250, the device 250 that is the transmission source can be identified by the beacon signal.
- the subset selection unit 142 receives a beacon signal including an alarm, it detects that there is a device 250 whose charge amount has become equal to or less than a predetermined value.
- the subset selection unit 142 determines that it has received a beacon signal including an alarm (S2: YES), it transmits a power transmission command to the corresponding device 250 to cause power transmission (step S3).
- the subset selection unit 142 monitors the received power of all the antenna elements 111 and determines whether or not there are a plurality of antenna elements 111 whose RSSI value of the received signal is equal to or greater than a predetermined value (step S4).
- subset selection section 142 determines that there are a plurality of antenna elements 111 whose RSSI values of the received signals are equal to or greater than a predetermined value (S4: YES), subset selection section 142 selects a plurality of antenna elements 111 whose RSSI values are equal to or greater than a predetermined value, An antenna subset 110A is constructed with the antenna elements 111 of (step S5).
- the power transmission control unit 143 transmits a time slot index detection command to the specific device 250A (step S6).
- the time slot index detection command randomly sets the phases of the transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A as shown in FIG. 5 for a predetermined period, and randomly shifts the phases of the transmission signals for each time slot. It is a command that performs processing to cause the specific device 250A to detect the time slot index that maximizes the received power for a predetermined period of time.
- the power transmission control unit 143 randomly sets the phases of the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A and randomly shifts the phases for each time slot to perform power transmission over a predetermined period.
- a monitoring mode is executed (step S7). As a result, transmission signals with phase indexes as shown in FIG. 5 are transmitted from the plurality of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A.
- the power transmission control unit 143 determines whether index data representing a time slot index has been received from the specific device 250A (step S8).
- the specific device 250A transmits to the power transmission control unit 143 as index data the time slot index that maximizes the received power detected in the predetermined period of step S7.
- the power transmission control unit 143 transmits power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A for each time slot while maintaining the phase relationship in the time slot represented by the index data.
- Power transmission control is executed to transmit power while shifting the phase of (step S9).
- the subset mode is executed in which the phases of the transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A are shifted for each time slot while maintaining the phase relationship that maximizes the received power as shown in FIG.
- the power transmission control unit 143 determines whether charging of the specific device 250A is completed (step S10). When the power transmission control unit 143 receives a beacon signal including data indicating completion of charging from the specific device 250A, the power transmission control unit 143 determines that charging of the specific device 250A is completed.
- the power transmission control unit 143 determines that charging of the specific device 250A is completed (S10: YES), it ends the subset mode and returns the power transmission mode of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A to the random mode (step S11). A series of processing ends (end).
- step S2 determines in step S2 that no beacon signal including an alarm has been received (S2: NO)
- the flow returns to step S1 to continue the random mode. This is because there is no device 250 to build and charge the antenna subset 110A.
- step S4 determines in step S4 that there is no plurality of antenna elements 111 whose RSSI value of the received signal is equal to or greater than the predetermined value (S4: NO)
- the flow returns to step S3. This is to cause the corresponding device 250 to transmit power and search again for the antenna elements 111 that construct the antenna subset 110A.
- a series of Processing may be terminated (end). This is to start over again from the beginning.
- step S8 determines in step S8 that the index data has not been received (S8: NO)
- the flow returns to step S6. This is because the processing of steps S6 and S7 is performed again.
- step S8: NO the index data has not been received (S8: NO) after performing the processes of steps S6 and S7 again, the series of processes may be terminated (END). This is to start over again from the beginning.
- step S10 determines in step S10 that charging of the specific device 250A has not been completed (S10: NO)
- the flow returns to step S9. This is for continuing charging.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing simulation results of a cumulative distribution function (CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function)) of received power.
- CDF Cummulative Distribution Function
- the characteristic of the dashed line is the time slot with the maximum received power when the number of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A is set to 4 and the number of time slot indexes L is set to 256 in the received power monitoring mode.
- the distribution when the specific device 250A receives power in the subset mode after the index is fed back is shown.
- the solid line characteristic shows the distribution when the specific device 250A receives power in subset mode, with the number of antenna elements 111 of the antenna subset 110A set to 4, and with full optimization of the phase of the transmitted signal according to the prior art. .
- the characteristic of the two-dot chain line shows the distribution when power is transmitted from all the antenna elements 111 in random mode and power is received by the specific device 250A.
- the received power fluctuates greatly between -40 dBm and -5 dBm.
- the dashed subset mode when the CDF is 0.5, the received power increases by about 5 dBm and the fluctuation of the received power can be reduced.
- the position where the standing wave of the transmission signal is generated is more or less fixed in time than in the random mode. Power can be increased.
- the subset mode can increase received power even when the time slot index L is small. That is, the subset mode can increase received power even when the timeslot index L is small. In addition, it is possible to detect the optimum phase relationship of the power transmission signal for increasing the received power in a short search time (or the number of trials) in which the time slot index L becomes small.
- the subset mode of the solid line has a slight improvement in the received power compared to the subset mode of the dashed line.
- Optimization of the phase of the transmitted signal in the subset mode of the solid line is represented by the channel state information (CSI) feedback method. It is a prior art that optimizes the phase of the transmission signal based on the phase of .
- the conventional technology requires hardware for each antenna array to detect the phase of the received signal, which increases the scale of the power feeder. That is, the subset mode can downsize the power supply device.
- control device 140 may receive alarms from multiple devices 250 .
- FIG. 1 A block diagram illustrating an exemplary computing environment in accordance with the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of multiple antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A5.
- FIG. 11 shows, as an example, an array antenna 110 including 24 antenna elements 111 arranged four in the vertical direction and six in the horizontal direction. Although 24 antenna elements 111 are shown in FIG. 11, the array antenna 110 may include more antenna elements 111 . In FIG. 11, numbers 25 to 30, 33 to 38, 41 to 46, and 49 to 54 are assigned to the 24 antenna elements 111 for distinction. These numbers are antenna grid indices. The antenna grid index shown in FIG. 11 is different in notation from the antenna grid indexes shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, 7, and 8, but has the same meaning.
- FIG. 11 shows six specific devices 250A (SD1) to 250A (SD6) and six antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6.
- the specific devices 250A (SD1) to 250A (SD6) may be simply referred to as SD1 to SD6.
- the antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6 are not particularly distinguished, they are simply referred to as the antenna subset 110A.
- An antenna subset 110A1 is constructed for the specific device SD1, and the antenna subset 110A1 includes four antenna elements 111 of 26th, 33rd, 34th, and 35th.
- An antenna subset 110A2 is constructed for the specific device SD2, and the antenna subset 110A2 includes four antenna elements 111 numbered 37, 38, 45 and 46.
- An antenna subset 110A3 is constructed for the specific device SD3, and the antenna subset 110A3 includes antenna elements 111 Nos. 44, 45, 52, and 53.
- An antenna subset 110A4 is constructed for the specific device SD4, and the antenna subset 110A4 includes four antenna elements 111 numbered 41, 42, 49 and 50;
- An antenna subset 110A5 is constructed for the specific device SD5, and the antenna subset 110A5 includes four antenna elements 111 of 35th, 36th, 43rd and 44th antenna elements.
- an antenna subset 110A6 has been constructed, and the antenna subset 110A6 includes four antenna elements 111 numbered 35, 36, 43 and 44.
- the 35th antenna element 111 included in the antenna subset 110A1 is common to the 35th antenna element 111 included in the antenna subsets 110A5 and 110A6.
- the 45th antenna element 111 included in the antenna subset 110A2 is common to the 45th antenna element 111 included in the antenna subset 110A3.
- the 44th antenna element 111 included in the antenna subset 110A3 is common to the 44th antenna element 111 included in the antenna subsets 110A5 and 110A6.
- the phases of the transmission signals transmitted from the four antenna elements 111 are aligned at the specific device SD4.
- concentrated power supply in the subset mode for the specific device SD4 can be realized.
- multiple antenna subsets 110A include at least one common antenna element 111, such as antenna subsets 110A1, 110A2, 110A3, 110A5, and 110A6, the phase relationship of transmitted signals is maintained in the same time slot. However, it is difficult to change the phase in time series. Therefore, here, when a plurality of antenna subsets 110A include at least one common antenna element 111, the timing of intensive power supply in the subset mode from the antenna subsets 110A is staggered.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the structure of a frame.
- a frame is a frame that stores a packet that is used when the control device 140 causes the antenna element 111 to transmit a packet as a power transmission signal.
- a frame includes multiple subframes. Each subframe has a plurality of time slots 1-L.
- power is transmitted in subset mode from the antenna subsets 110A in different subframes.
- power is transmitted in the subset mode from the antenna subsets 110A in the same subframe.
- the antenna subset 110A1 and the antenna subset 110A2 do not have a common antenna element 111, so power transmission can be performed in the subset mode in the same subframe.
- the antenna subset 110A1 and the antenna subset 110A3 can also transmit power in the subset mode in the same subframe. Also, it is possible to perform power transmission in the subset mode in the same subframe for the antenna subset 110A1 and the antenna subset 110A4.
- the antenna subset 110A2 and the antenna subset 110A4 can also transmit power in the subset mode in the same subframe.
- the antenna subset 110A2 and the antenna subset 110A6 can also transmit power in the subset mode in the same subframe.
- the antenna subset 110A3 and the antenna subset 110A4 can also transmit power in the subset mode in the same subframe.
- the antenna subset 110A4 and the antenna subset 110A6 can also transmit power in the subset mode in the same subframe.
- the antenna subset 110A1 and the antenna subset 110A5 share the 35th antenna element 111, so power is transmitted in the subset mode in different subframes.
- the subframe in which the antenna subset 110A1 transmits power in the subset mode for the specific device SD1 is an example of one subframe among a plurality of subframes included in one frame.
- the specific device SD1, to which power is transmitted in the subset mode by the antenna subset 110A1 is an example of a first power receiving device among the plurality of specific devices SD1 to SD6.
- the four antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A1 are an example of multiple first antennas positioned around one first power receiving device.
- the antenna subset 110A5 that transmits power in the subset mode in a subframe different from the antenna subset 110A1 is as follows.
- the subframe in which antenna subset 110A5 transmits power in the subset mode for specific device SD5 is an example of another subframe among a plurality of subframes included in one frame.
- the specific device SD5, to which power is transmitted in the subset mode by the antenna subset 110A5, is an example of another first power receiving device among the plurality of specific devices SD1 to SD6.
- the four antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A5 are an example of multiple first antennas positioned around another first power receiving device.
- antenna subset 110A1 and the antenna subset 110A6 power transmission is performed in subset mode in different subframes.
- the antenna subset 110A2 and the antenna subset 110A3 also perform power transmission in the subset mode in different subframes.
- the antenna subset 110A3 and the antenna subset 110A5 also perform power transmission in the subset mode in different subframes.
- the antenna subset 110A3 and the antenna subset 110A6 also perform power transmission in the subset mode in different subframes.
- the antenna subset 110A5 and the antenna subset 110A6 also perform power transmission in the subset mode in different subframes.
- the specific devices SD1 to SD6 receive power transmission signals mainly by random beamforming in subframes other than subframes in which power transmission is performed in the subset mode by the antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6. That is, in subframes other than the subframes in which power is transmitted in the subset mode by the antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6, the specific devices SD1 to SD6 do not perform power transmission in the subset mode and the received power is significantly reduced. , waits for power transmission in the subset mode in the subframes of .
- the length of the frame is limited.
- the waiting time for waiting for is shortened, and power transmission to the specific device 250A in the subset mode can be efficiently performed.
- the number of specific devices 250A that receive power transmission in the subset mode in one subframe is too large, the number of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A increases, and random beamforming for power transmission to non-specific devices 250B increases. The power of the transmitted signal is reduced.
- the number of subframes in one frame is set to be as small as possible, taking into consideration the power received by the non-specific device 250B through random beamforming.
- the difference in the number of specific devices 250A receiving power transmission in the subset mode in each subframe is large, the difference in the amount of power received by each specific device 250A in each frame by power transmission in the subset mode will increase. For this reason, it is preferable that the number of specific devices 250A that receive power through power transmission in the subset mode in each subframe is leveled.
- antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6 are assigned to subframes as follows.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing allocation order data. Here, a method of assigning scores to the specific devices SD1 to SD6 and a method of determining the allocation order using the allocation order data will be described.
- the power transmission control unit 143 (see FIG. 2) executes the process of assigning scores to the specific devices SD1 to SD6 and the process of determining the allocation order.
- the IDs of the specific devices SD1 to SD6 in the allocation order data are 1 to 6, respectively.
- the leftmost column of the allocation order data table shows the IDs (1 to 6) of the specific devices SD1 to SD6 from top to bottom.
- the top row shows the IDs (1 to 6) of the specific devices SD1 to SD6 from left to right.
- the allocation order data is common to the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A corresponding to each specific device 250A and the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A corresponding to the other specific devices 250A for each of the specific devices SD1 to SD6. indicates the number of
- the common number of the antenna elements 111 included in the corresponding antenna subset 110A1 and the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A2 corresponding to the other specific device SD2 is zero. Therefore, the number of common antenna elements 111 for the specific device SD1 and the specific device SD2 is zero. Also, the number of common antenna elements 111 for the specific device SD1 and the specific device SD3 is zero. Similarly, the number of common antenna elements 111 for specific device SD1 and specific device SD4 is zero.
- the number of common antenna elements 111 for the specific device SD1 and the specific device SD5 is one, and the number of common antenna elements 111 for the specific device SD1 and the specific device SD6 is one. This is because the 35th antenna element 111 is common to both.
- the number of common antenna elements 111 for the specific device SD2 and the specific device SD3 is one. This is because the 45th antenna element 111 is common to the antenna subsets 110A2 and 110A3. The number of common antenna elements 111 for specific device SD2 and specific devices SD4-SD6 are all zero.
- the number of common antenna elements 111 for specific device SD4 and specific devices SD5 to SD6 is zero.
- the number of common antenna elements 111 for specific device SD5 and specific device SD6 is four. This is because the 35th, 36th, 43rd, and 44th antenna elements 111 are common.
- the scores for the specific devices SD1 to SD6 are calculated.
- the score is, for example, the total number of antenna elements 111 common to each specific device 250A and other specific devices 250A.
- a score is an example of a degree of commonality that indicates the degree to which common antenna elements 111 exist among a plurality of antenna elements 111 included in antenna subsets 110A corresponding to two specific devices 250A. The greater the number of common antenna elements 111, the higher the score (degree of commonality).
- the scores for specific devices SD1-SD6 are 2, 1, 3, 0, 6, 6, respectively.
- subframes are assigned to specific devices SD1 to SD6 in order from the highest score.
- the order in which subframes are allocated to specific devices SD1 to SD6 is called the allocation order.
- the allocation order determined by the score is an example of the order according to the degree of commonality.
- the allocation order of the specific devices SD1 to SD6 is 4, 5, 3, 6, 1 and 2, respectively.
- the scores of the specific devices SD5 and SD6 are both 6, as an example, the allocation order of the specific device SD5 having a smaller number of IDs is set before the specific device SD6.
- 14 to 18 are diagrams showing IDs of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes. 14 to 18 show step by step how the subframes to which the specific devices SD1 to SD6 are allocated are determined in order according to the order of allocation. Such processing is executed by the power transmission control unit 143 (see FIG. 2).
- the number of subframes must be at least three so that the antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6 shown in FIG. 11 do not overlap.
- a balance is considered so that the number of subframes for the specific devices SD1 to SD6 is as small as possible and the number of specific devices 250A that receive power transmission in the subset mode in each subframe is leveled.
- the ideal number of subframes is three.
- the leftmost column shows the subframe index.
- a subframe index represents the number of a plurality of subframes in a frame, and the subframe with the subframe index of 1 is the first subframe.
- the subframe index is numbered sequentially from the top subframe number 1 .
- the four numbers shown in parentheses under the IDs of the specific devices SD1 to SD6 are the numbers of the four antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subsets 110A1 to 110A6 corresponding to the specific devices SD1 to SD6.
- the antenna grid indices of the four antenna elements 111 are listed from left to right in order from the antenna element 111 with the highest RSSI value of the power transmission commands transmitted by the specific devices SD1 to SD6 to the antenna element 111 with the fourth highest RSSI value. ing.
- the specific device SD5 with the first allocation order is allocated to the subframe with the first subframe index.
- subframes with smaller subframe index numbers are assigned first.
- the specific device SD6 which is second in the allocation order, has the same antenna element 111 as the specific device SD5. assigned to the numbered subframe.
- the specific device SD1 which is ranked fourth in the allocation order, has an antenna element 111 common to the specific devices SD5 and SD6, but does not have an antenna element 111 common to the specific device SD3. Therefore, the first and second subframes are avoided and the third subframe is allocated. At this point, from the point of view of leveling, it would be ideal if each of the remaining specific devices SD2 and SD4 could be assigned to either the 1st or 2nd subframe.
- the specific device SD2 which is ranked fifth in the allocation order, has an antenna element 111 common to the specific device SD3, but does not have an antenna element 111 common to the specific devices SD5 and SD6. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the 3rd subframe and assign it to the 1st or 2nd subframe.
- the specific device SD2 is assigned to the first subframe.
- the specific device SD4 which is ranked 6th in the allocation order, does not have an antenna element 111 common to the other specific devices SD1 to SD3, SD5, and SD6. is also possible.
- the two viewpoints of reducing the number of subframes as much as possible and leveling the number of specific devices 250A that receive power transmission in the subset mode in each subframe as shown in FIG. SD4 is assigned to the second subframe.
- the subframe can be determined from the specific device 250A having the large number of common antenna elements 111 with the other specific device 250A. Therefore, the process of allocating all the specific devices 250A to multiple subframes can be performed more easily. If the specific device 250A having a small number of antenna elements 111 in common with the other specific device 250A is assigned to the subframe, then the specific device 250A having a large number of common antenna elements 111 with the other specific device 250A can be finally assigned. This is because it becomes difficult to find a suitable subframe.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a flowchart representing processing executed by the power transmission control unit 143.
- the power transmission control unit 143 creates a subframe with a subframe index of 1 in the frame (step S21).
- the power transmission control unit 143 determines the allocation order for each specific device 250A (step S22).
- the power transmission control unit 143 obtains a score for each specific device 250A and determines the allocation order according to the score.
- allocation order data including scores and allocation orders as shown in FIG. 13 is created.
- the power transmission control unit 143 reads the specific device 250A with the highest allocation order among the specific devices 250A to which subframes are not allocated among the specific devices 250A included in the allocation order data created in step S22 (step S23).
- the power transmission control unit 143 compares the specific device 250A read in step S23 with the specific devices 250A already assigned to subframes in a round-robin manner, and determines whether the specific device 250A having the common antenna element 111 exists and the specific device 250A. A subframe to which 250A is assigned is detected (step S24). Since there is no specific device 250A already assigned to the subframe for the specific device 250A having the first allocation order, the common antenna element 111 is not detected.
- the power transmission control unit 143 determines whether there is a subframe in which the common antenna element 111 with the specific device 250A read in step S23 is not present (step S25).
- step S25 When power transmission control section 143 determines that there is a subframe in which common antenna element 111 does not exist (S25: YES), among subframes in which common antenna element 111 found in step S25 does not exist, specific device 250A is allocated.
- the specific device 250A read in step S23 is assigned to the subframe with the smallest number and the smallest subframe index (step S26A). That is, the power transmission control unit 143 reads in step S23 from the two viewpoints of minimizing the number of subframes and leveling the number of specific devices 250A that receive power transmission in the subset mode in each subframe. specific device 250A.
- the power transmission control unit 143 determines that there is no subframe in which the common antenna element 111 does not exist (S25: NO)
- the power transmission control unit 143 adds a new subframe to the frame.
- a specific device 250A is assigned (step S26B).
- step S27 the power transmission control unit 143 determines whether subframe allocation has been completed for all the specific devices 250A included in the allocation order data (step S27).
- step S27 determines in step S27 that subframe allocation has been completed for all the specific devices 250A (S27: YES)
- the series of processes ends (END).
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a simulation result of assigning specific devices 250A to subframes.
- FIG. 20A shows the result of assigning the specific device 250A to the subframe using the allocation order data
- FIG. 4 shows the result of assigning the specific device 250A to the subframe in the same assignment procedure in order from the beginning.
- the number of IDs of the specific device 250A assigned to the subframe is shown by filling in gray the cells.
- the number of specific devices 250A is 30 in both FIGS. 20A and 20B.
- step S26A the allocation number of the specific device 250A among the subframes in which the common antenna element 111 does not exist is By allocating the specific device 250A read out in step S23 to the subframe with the smallest value and the smallest subframe index, an increase in the number of subframes can be suppressed, and the number of specific devices 250A assigned to each subframe can be equalized. did it.
- uniform spatial multiplexing can be achieved by allocating an even number of specific devices 250A to each subframe.
- spatio-temporal scheduling capable of realizing power transmission with good frame time efficiency in a subset mode to a plurality of specific devices 250A.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of drive data.
- the drive data is data used when the power transmission control unit 143 drives the array antenna 110 for each frame.
- the driving data includes IDs and antenna grid indexes of specific devices SD1 to SD6 assigned to subframes, and antenna grid indexes of antenna elements 111 that transmit power transmission signals for random beamforming.
- the drive data includes the subframe with the subframe index of 0.
- the driving data shown in FIG. 21 is obtained by adding the antenna grid index of the antenna element 111 that transmits power for random beamforming in the 0th subframe and the 1st to 3rd subframes to the data shown in FIG. Added data.
- the antenna grid indexes of all the antenna elements 111 included in the array antenna 110 are registered.
- all antenna elements 111 transmit power transmission signals for random beam forming.
- the processing of steps S1 to S8 shown in FIG. 9 is executed. Therefore, in the 0th subframe, the specific device 250A is specified by the process of step S8, and the processes of steps S21 to S27 shown in FIG. 19 are performed.
- the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A corresponding to the specific device 250A transmit power transmission signals for power transmission in the subset mode, and the other antenna elements 111 transmit random beams. Transmits a power transmission signal for forming.
- the processes of steps S9 to S11 shown in FIG. 9 are performed for the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A. Further, the other antenna elements 111 are subjected to the same processing as the processing in the 0th subframe.
- antenna grid indexes 35, 43, 36, 44, 45, 37, 35, 43, 36, 44, 45, 37, 46 and 38 are registered in the first subframe. Therefore, the antenna grid indices of the other antenna elements 111 are obtained from the antenna grid indices of all the antenna elements 111 included in the array antenna 110 by antenna grid indices 35, 43, 36, 44, 45, 37, 46, and 38. This number excludes
- antenna elements 111 included in antenna subsets 110A6, 110A4, 110A3, and 110A1 corresponding to specific devices SD6, SD4, SD3, and SD1 transmit power transmission signals for random beamforming.
- antenna grid indexes 36, 35, 44, 43, 42, 50, 41, and 49 of antenna elements 111 included in antenna subsets 110A6 and 110A4 corresponding to specific devices SD6 and SD4 are registered. It is Therefore, the antenna grid indices of the other antenna elements 111 are obtained from the antenna grid indices of all the antenna elements 111 included in the array antenna 110 by antenna grid indices 36, 35, 44, 43, 42, 50, 41, and 49. This number excludes
- antenna elements 111 included in antenna subsets 110A5, 110A2, 110A3, and 110A1 corresponding to specific devices SD5, SD2, SD3, and SD1 transmit power transmission signals for random beamforming.
- the antenna grid indexes 53, 45, 52, 44, 34, 26, 35, and 33 of the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subsets 110A3 and 110A1 corresponding to the specific devices SD3 and SD1 are registered. It is Therefore, the antenna grid indexes of the other antenna elements 111 are antenna grid indexes 53, 45, 52, 44, 34, 26, 35, and 33 from the antenna grid indexes of all the antenna elements 111 included in the array antenna 110. This number excludes
- antenna elements 111 included in antenna subsets 110A5, 110A2, 110A6, and 110A4 corresponding to specific devices SD5, SD2, SD6, and SD4 transmit transmission signals for random beamforming.
- power feeding apparatus 100 transmits power to specific device 250A in subset mode from antenna elements 111 included in antenna subset 110A, and transmits power to non-specific device 250B in random mode from antenna elements 111 not included in antenna subset 110A. send power to The subset mode randomly shifts the phase set of the transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A for each time slot while maintaining the phase relationship of the transmission signals that maximize the received power in the specific device 250A.
- the phase of the power transmission signal to be transmitted to the non-specific device 250B is randomly shifted for each antenna element 111 and for each time slot.
- each frame is divided into a plurality of subframes, and antenna subsets 110A including common antenna element 111 transmit power in subset mode in different subframes.
- the phases are changed in time series while maintaining the phase relationship of the transmission signals so that they are aligned.
- the subset mode it is possible to provide a power supply apparatus 100 and a power supply method capable of both supplying power to a plurality of specific devices 250A that require a large amount of received power and supplying power to non-specific devices 250B.
- the phases of the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A are randomly shifted for each time slot while maintaining the phase relationship of the power transmission signals of the plurality of antenna elements 111.
- the subset mode within the antenna subset 110A and the random mode outside the antenna subset 110A can be efficiently compatible without reducing the random effect on power transmission by the random mode of the antenna elements 111 other than the antenna subset 110A.
- the antenna subset 110A since the antenna elements 111 included in the antenna subset 110A transmit power in the random mode in subframes other than the subframes in the subset mode, the antenna subset 110A is constructed near the specific device 250A. It is possible to efficiently transmit power in random mode to devices 250 that do not have power.
- the process of assigning all the specific devices 250A to a plurality of subframes can be easily performed.
- specific devices 250A with higher allocation order are assigned to subframes, the process of assigning all specific devices 250A to a plurality of subframes can be performed more easily.
- the specific device 250A is assigned to the subframe with the smallest number of allocations of the specific device 250A and the smallest subframe index, so the number of subframes is reduced as much as possible. and leveling the number of specific devices 250A that receive power transmission in the subset mode in each subframe.
- digital phase modulation such as QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) is applied to the power transmission signal, and the power transmission signal is transmitted from the antenna element 111.
- Information may be notified to the specific device 250A. For example, information may be notified from the antenna element 111 to the specific device 250A by differentially encoding the power transmission signal by setting the phase change amount of the power transmission signal to ⁇ /2 or ⁇ .
- index data representing the time slot index when the received power of the specific device 250A reaches its maximum is transmitted to the control device 140.
- the specific device 250A may detect a plurality of time slot indices at which the received power is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, and transmit power while switching the phase relationships of the plurality of power transmission signals at the plurality of time slot indices. For example, when the phase indices of the transmitted power of the antenna elements 111 with antenna grid indices (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), and (5, 5) are 29, 11, 3, and 24 and when the phase indexes of the power transmission signal are 32, 46, 15, and 59, and when the power received by the specific device 250A reaches or exceeds a predetermined value, the phase indexes of the power transmission signal are 29, 11, 3, and 24. and the phase relationships having phase differences of 32, 46, 15, and 59 of the phase index of the power transmission signal while switching and holding them in time series.
- phase indices of the power transmission signal are 29, 11, 3, and 24, it is an example of the first timing, and the phase relationship in which the phase indices of the power transmission signal have phase differences of 29, 11, 3, and 24 is It is an example of a first phase relationship.
- phase indexes of the transmission signal are 32, 46, 15, 59
- the phase relationship having the phase difference of 32, 46, 15, 59 is the second phase relationship. is an example.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施形態の給電装置100を示す図である。以下では、XYZ座標系を用いて説明する。平面視とはXY平面視のことである。
100 給電装置
110 アレイアンテナ
110A、110A1~110A6 アンテナサブセット
111 アンテナ素子
120 フェーズシフタ
130 マイクロ波発生源
140 制御装置
141 主制御部
142 サブセット選択部
143 送電制御部
144 メモリ
250 デバイス
250A 特定デバイス
250B 非特定デバイス
Claims (21)
- 電力を送電可能な複数のアンテナのうち、複数の第1受電装置の各々の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を制御するとともに、前記複数のアンテナのうち、前記複数の第1受電装置の各々の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナ以外の1又は複数の第2アンテナの送電信号の位相を制御する送電制御部を含み、
前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと、前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナとは少なくとも1つの共通の第1アンテナを含み、
前記送電制御部は、
複数のサブフレームを含むフレームを繰り返して前記複数の第1受電装置の各々の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を制御し、
前記複数のサブフレームのうちの1つのサブフレームでは、前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナから前記1つの第1受電装置が受電する送電信号の位相が揃うように送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら位相を時系列的に変化させ、
前記複数のサブフレームのうちの他の1つのサブフレームでは、前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナから前記他の1つの第1受電装置が受電する送電信号の位相が揃うように送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら位相を時系列的に変化させ、
前記1又は複数の第2アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、給電装置。 - 前記送電制御部は、前記1つのサブフレーム以外のサブフレームでは、前記1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、請求項1に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記他の1つのサブフレーム以外のサブフレームでは、前記他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、請求項1又は2に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数のサブフレームに応じて、前記1又は複数の第2アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1受電装置のうち前記1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと共通の第1アンテナが存在しない複数の第1アンテナが周囲に位置する第1受電装置については、前記1つのサブフレームでは、当該第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナから当該第1受電装置が受電する送電信号の位相が揃うように送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら位相を時系列的に変化させる、請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記1つのサブフレーム以外のサブフレームでは、前記1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと共通の第1アンテナが存在しない複数の第1アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、請求項5に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1受電装置のうち前記他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと共通の第1アンテナが存在しない複数の第1アンテナが周囲に位置する第1受電装置については、前記他の1つのサブフレームでは、当該第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナから当該第1受電装置が受電する送電信号の位相が揃うように送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら位相を時系列的に変化させる、請求項1乃至6のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記他の1つのサブフレーム以外のサブフレームでは、前記他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと共通の第1アンテナが存在しない複数の第1アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、請求項7に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1受電装置の各々について、前記周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナ同士に共通の第1アンテナが存在する度合を表す共通度合を求め、各前記第1受電装置についての共通度合に応じた順番で前記複数のサブフレームのうちのいずれのサブフレームに割り当てるかを決定する、請求項1乃至8のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記共通度合が高い第1受電装置から順番に割り当てるサブフレームを決定する、請求項9に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1受電装置のうち、前記周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナ同士に共通の第1アンテナが存在しない第1受電装置同士は、同一のサブフレームに割り当てる、請求項1乃至10のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、1又は複数の前記サブフレームに割り当てられている1又は複数の前記第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと共通の第1アンテナが存在する第1受電装置については、前記フレームに新たなサブフレームを追加し、当該第1受電装置を当該新たなサブフレームに割り当てる、請求項1乃至11のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数のサブフレームに既に割り当てられている複数の前記第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと共通の第1アンテナが存在しない第1受電装置については、前記複数のサブフレームのうち、既に割り当てられている前記第1受電装置の数が他のサブフレームよりも少ないサブフレームに、当該第1受電装置を割り当てる、請求項1乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1受電装置について、前記複数のサブフレームの数が少なくなるように、各サブフレームにおいて割り当てる第1受電装置の組み合わせを決定する、請求項1乃至13のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1受電装置について、各サブフレームにおいて割り当てる第1受電装置の数が平準化されるように、各サブフレームにおいて割り当てる第1受電装置の組み合わせを決定する、請求項1乃至14のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記位相関係は、前記送電制御部が前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を時系列的にランダムに変化させたときに、前記第1受電装置の受電電力が所定の閾値以上になったときの前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相の関係である、請求項1乃至15のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、1又は複数のタイムスロット毎に前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を時系列的に変化させており、
前記第1受電装置は、受電電力が所定の閾値以上になったときのタイムスロットを特定する情報を前記送電制御部に通知し、
前記送電制御部は、前記通知された情報で特定されるタイムスロットにおける前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を前記位相関係として設定する、請求項1乃至16のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。 - 前記位相関係は、前記送電制御部が前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を時系列的にランダムに変化させたときに、第1タイミングで前記第1受電装置の受電電力が所定の閾値以上になったときの第1位相関係と、第2タイミングで前記第1受電装置の受電電力が前記所定の閾値以上になったときの第2位相関係とを有し、
前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を前記第1位相関係と前記第2位相関係とに時系列的に切り替える、請求項16に記載の給電装置。 - 前記複数の第1アンテナは、前記複数のアンテナのうち、前記第1受電装置が信号を送信したときの受電電力が所定値以上の複数のアンテナである、請求項1乃至18のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 前記送電制御部は、前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を時系列的に変化させる際に、前記複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相の変化量を±π/2又は±πに設定して前記送電信号の差動符号化を行うことで、前記第1受電装置に情報を通知する、請求項1乃至19のいずれか1項に記載の給電装置。
- 電力を送電可能な複数のアンテナのうち、複数の第1受電装置の各々の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を制御するとともに、前記複数のアンテナのうち、前記複数の第1受電装置の各々の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナ以外の1又は複数の第2アンテナの送電信号の位相を制御することを含む給電方法であって、
前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナと、前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナとは少なくとも1つの共通の第1アンテナを含み、
複数のサブフレームを含むフレームを繰り返して前記複数の第1受電装置の各々の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナの送電信号の位相を制御し、
前記複数のサブフレームのうちの1つのサブフレームでは、前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナから前記1つの第1受電装置が受電する送電信号の位相が揃うように送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら位相を時系列的に変化させ、
前記複数のサブフレームのうちの他の1つのサブフレームでは、前記複数の第1受電装置のうちの他の1つの第1受電装置の周囲に位置する複数の第1アンテナから前記他の1つの第1受電装置が受電する送電信号の位相が揃うように送電信号の位相関係を保持しながら位相を時系列的に変化させ、
前記1又は複数の第2アンテナが送電する送電信号の位相を時系列に変化させる、給電方法。
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