WO2022242583A1 - 一种可控传输电力交流线路及其控制方法 - Google Patents

一种可控传输电力交流线路及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022242583A1
WO2022242583A1 PCT/CN2022/092946 CN2022092946W WO2022242583A1 WO 2022242583 A1 WO2022242583 A1 WO 2022242583A1 CN 2022092946 W CN2022092946 W CN 2022092946W WO 2022242583 A1 WO2022242583 A1 WO 2022242583A1
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line
current source
current
phase
sides
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PCT/CN2022/092946
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English (en)
French (fr)
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贺长宏
贺瀚青
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贺长宏
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a controllable power transmission line and a control method thereof, in particular to a controllable power transmission AC line and a control method thereof.
  • the existing power grid started in the 18th century between the American Edison and the British Kelvin and the American George Westinghouse and the British Ferranti.
  • the network is simple and economical, and the power grid chooses AC transmission, which has continuously developed and formed a modern power grid.
  • the continuous expansion of the power grid has led to a technical route of rising voltage, from 400v to 10kv, 35kv, 110kv, 220kv, all the way to ultra-high voltage 330-750kv and UHV 1000kv.
  • thermally stable operation can be achieved within 80km, and the transmission capacity can reach about 12000MW, which is equivalent to the transmission capacity of DC ⁇ 1100kv lines at the same voltage level.
  • the transmission capacity is about 4000MW, and when the transmission distance reaches 1000km, the transmission capacity is less than 1000MW.
  • the transmission length of most UHV AC lines is mostly about 600km, and its transmission capacity is only about 1/3 of its thermal stability capacity.
  • the AC power grid is a free-flowing power grid.
  • the power flow is naturally distributed according to the impedance.
  • the power flow control is directly related to the safe operation of the power grid.
  • Accidents such as blackouts in the United States and Canada, and blackouts in Russia made people very concerned about the safety of large power grids.
  • the "Sanhua" Synchronous Power Grid Demonstration Conference held by the State Council of China once triggered fierce discussions on security issues. debate.
  • connection between regional power grids mainly relies on DC "back-to-back” method for fault isolation to prevent large-scale blackouts, but DC "back-to-back” is not only expensive, but also can only prevent the transmission of fault current to the non-fault side.
  • DC "back-to-back” is not only expensive, but also can only prevent the transmission of fault current to the non-fault side.
  • One side of the circuit will still cause a large short-circuit current.
  • Free-flowing AC power grid multiple lines in the same tidal current section, shorter lines are overloaded, longer lines are not fully loaded, unbalanced power flow distribution is a common feature of modern power grids, and local power flow overloads form a short-board effect in the power grid , limiting the overall power supply capacity.
  • the problem of excessive short-circuit current also affects the safety of the power grid. The larger the capacity of the power grid, the more prominent the problem of excessive short-circuit current.
  • the free-flowing AC grid follows the drive of the potential difference, and the current flows freely from high potential to low potential, which has the same characteristics of flowing to low places as natural water.
  • the unified power flow controller UPFC with the voltage source converter VSC as the core and the static synchronous series compensator SSSC as the most advanced FACTS can be used to control the impedance and phase of the AC line. Angle, voltage, power flow, etc. can be flexibly controlled and adjusted, which can theoretically make the power AC line thermally stable, solve economic problems, and control line transmission.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an AC line with controllable transmission and a control method thereof.
  • the power AC lines targeted by the present invention are divided into two types: double-sided power AC lines, such as ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage AC lines, connected to various regional power grids, with power supplies on both sides of the lines;
  • double-sided power AC lines such as ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage AC lines
  • the high-voltage, medium-voltage, and low-voltage AC lines for power supply have only loads at the end of the line and no power supply.
  • a double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission characterized in that: a transformer is connected in series on the line side of the switch at both ends of the double-side power supply AC line, and a set of secondary side windings of the two series-connected transformers are respectively connected
  • a set of fast grounding switches are installed on the line side of the primary winding of the two series transformers.
  • the two current source regulators are controlled by two controllers respectively, and the remote communication channel is used between the two controllers communication.
  • the above-mentioned step-up pressurization control method for double-sided power supply AC lines with controllable transmission is characterized in that: the power grids on both sides of the lines are already in synchronous connection, and the transformer secondary side current source regulators connected in series at both ends of the lines are not connected to each other.
  • the fast grounding switch on the line side is off, close the switches on both sides of the line, and inject part of the charging current into the line through the current source regulator on the secondary side of the series transformer or any one of the current source regulators and gradually increase the charging current. Large charging current, if there is a fault in the line and the pressurization process is abnormal, stop the charging current output, and the line will be out of operation. raised to rated voltage.
  • a control method for controlling load transmission of bilateral power supply AC lines as described above characterized in that: the power grids on both sides of the line are already in synchronous connection,
  • a method for realizing fast synchronous paralleling of the above-mentioned two-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission characterized in that: the power grids on both sides of the line connection are in an asynchronous state, and the current source type adjustment of the secondary side of the transformer is connected in series at both ends of the line
  • the switch is not working and the fast grounding switches on both sides of the line are disconnected, close the line switches on both sides, and when the slip between the grids on both sides of the line is less than the specified value and when the slip crosses zero, start the two groups
  • the current source regulator injects the rated charging current and load current into the line at the same time, and pulls the power grids on both sides into synchronous operation.
  • a fault handling method for the above-mentioned double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission it is characterized in that: when the line is under transmission load or under pressure standby state,
  • a single-side power supply AC line with controllable transmission is characterized in that: a transformer is connected in series at the switch outlet of the power supply side of the single-side power supply AC line, and a set of current source regulator is connected to the secondary side of the transformer.
  • the current source regulator is controlled by a group of controllers, and a group of fast grounding switches is installed on the line side of the primary winding of the series transformer.
  • a step-up pressurization control method for a unilateral power supply AC line with controllable transmission as described above characterized by: disconnecting the end switch of the line, disconnecting the fast grounding switch on the side of the line, closing the switch at the head end of the line, and passing through the secondary side of the series transformer
  • the current source regulator injects part of the charging current into the line and gradually increases the charging current. If the line is faulty and the boosting process is abnormal, the output of the charging current will be stopped and the line will be out of operation. If there is no fault in the line, the boosting process will be normal. , then increase the charging current to the rated charging current, so that the line voltage gradually rises to the rated voltage.
  • a load control method for the above-mentioned unilateral power supply AC line with controllable transmission its feature is: the fast grounding switch on the line side is in the off state, the head end switch and the end switch of the line are closed, and the secondary side of the transformer is connected in series.
  • the current source regulator injects rated charging current and load current into the line at the same time.
  • a kind of above-mentioned controllable transmission single-side power supply AC line fault handling method it is characterized in that: the line is under the state of transmission load,
  • a controllable transmission system in which two ends of a double-sided power supply AC line are respectively connected to a transformer group with integrated functions.
  • the function-in-one transformer group is composed of two transformers.
  • the primary windings of the two transformers are connected in series with the same polarity, and then one end is connected to the AC line, and a fast grounding switch is connected to the line end. After the series connection, the other end of the primary winding is grounded, and the primary winding
  • the middle series connection point of the two transformers is connected to the grid bus through a switch.
  • a set of current source regulators is connected to each of the two ends.
  • the two sets of current source regulators are controlled by two sets of controllers. They are controlled separately, and the two groups of controllers communicate through the remote communication channel.
  • the current source regulator on the secondary side of the transformer group with integrated function on one side is not working, and the quick grounding switches at the outlets on both sides of the line are disconnected, first turn on the two switches between the transformer group with integrated functions and the grid bus, and then
  • the current source regulator in the secondary winding of the two groups of transformers with two functions on both sides of the system can inject part of the charging current into the line at the same time or on either side and gradually increase the charging current.
  • a load transmission control method for a controllable transmission system in which both ends of the double-sided power supply AC line are respectively connected to a transformer group with integrated functions.
  • a controllable transmission system composed of a transformer group with integrated functions at one end of the AC line for double-sided power supply and a series transformer at the other end.
  • the function-in-one transformer group is composed of two transformers.
  • the primary windings of the two transformers are connected in series with the same polarity.
  • One end of the primary winding after series connection is connected to the AC line, and a fast grounding switch is connected to the line end. After series connection, the other end of the primary winding is grounded.
  • the middle series connection point of the primary winding is connected to the power grid on one side through a switch, the secondary windings of the two transformers are connected in series in reverse polarity, and a set of current source regulators are connected to both ends of the secondary windings after series connection;
  • a transformer is connected in series between the line switch at the other end of the line and the line, another group of fast grounding switches is connected to the line side of the primary winding of the transformer, and the secondary winding of the transformer is connected to another group of current source regulators.
  • the two sets of current source regulators are controlled by two sets of controllers respectively, and the two sets of controllers communicate through the remote communication channel, and the line switch at the other end of the line is connected to the power grid on the other side.
  • the beneficial effect brought by the present invention is that a current source regulator is connected in series in the power AC line, and the existing free-flowing AC transmission can be changed into a controllable transmission, the line can run in a thermally stable state, and large-capacity long-distance transmission can be realized. transmission.
  • Controllable transmission can change the AC line from relying on the circuit breaker to cut the fault current to relying on the large inductance of the series transformer to prevent the occurrence of the fault current.
  • a fault occurs on the AC line of the controllable transmission, which only interrupts the load transmission of the line.
  • the double-sided power AC line with controllable transmission can realize asynchronous connection to two asynchronous power grids, and smoothly transition to synchronous juxtaposition.
  • the AC line with controllable transmission can step up and pressurize the line, which can avoid the impact of the existing technology on the system when the line is put into operation at full voltage and when the reclosing action is full-voltage charging operation, and avoids the existing technology relying on full voltage Charging and reclosing actions are fault surges in case of permanent faults.
  • the double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission can also select the no-voltage standby state under no-load conditions to limit the excessive reactive charging power generated by the line distributed capacitance and the system voltage increase caused by the low load of the grid.
  • the generator operates in phase advance to reduce the line loss of reactive current on the no-load line, corona loss and failure probability during high-voltage no-load.
  • Figure 1 is a single-line schematic diagram of a double-sided power AC line with controllable transmission
  • Figure 2 is a single-line schematic diagram of a single-side power supply AC line with controllable transmission
  • Figure 3 is a single-line principle wiring diagram of a controllable transmission system composed of two ends of a double-sided power supply AC line connected to a transformer group with integrated functions;
  • Fig. 4 is a single-line principle wiring diagram of a double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission, the right side of which is connected in series to the regulator and the left side is connected to a transformer group with the functions of step-up and regulator integrated.
  • the existing AC line is a line with distributed parameters.
  • the inductive reactance of the line is much greater than the line resistance.
  • the resistance is omitted, and a T-shaped line or a ⁇ -shaped line is built from the line inductive reactance X and distributed capacitance C for research.
  • the present invention divides the power AC lines into two types for description: a double-side power supply AC line with controllable transmission, and a single power supply AC line with controllable transmission.
  • the double-sided power supply AC line for controllable transmission is connected in series with a transformer B on the line side of the switches DL1 and DL2 at both ends of the existing double-side power supply AC line, and the secondary power supply of the series transformer B is connected in series.
  • the side windings are respectively connected to a set of current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2, and a set of fast grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 are respectively installed on the line side of the primary winding of the series transformer B.
  • the two current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 are composed of two The controllers KZQ1 and KZQ2 are controlled separately, and the two controllers KZQ1 and KZQ2 communicate through the remote communication channel to realize coordinated control.
  • Figure 1 is a single-line schematic diagram of a double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission.
  • the reactance X and capacitance C in the figure represent the inductive reactance and distributed capacitance of an existing ultra-high voltage or ultra-high voltage AC line
  • DK is the reactance at both ends of the existing line DL1 and DL2 are switches on both sides of the existing double-sided power supply AC line
  • F1 and F2 represent the power grids on both sides connected to the line
  • a transformer B is connected in series between the line switches DL1, DL2 and the line at both ends
  • the line sides of the primary windings of the two transformers B are respectively equipped with fast grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2
  • the secondary windings of the two transformers B are respectively connected to AC-DC-AC current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 to form a controllable
  • the two-sided power supply AC line for transmission, the controllers KZQ1 and KZQ2 are the controllers of two sets
  • the current source regulator TJQ of the present invention can be an AC-DC-AC co-frequency rectification and inverter device composed of power electronic devices such as power thyristors, IGBTs, IGCTs, and GTOs in the prior art, and the rectification side of the device can be
  • the power supply is provided by the high-voltage bus of the substation, and after rectification, a charging current and a load current with the same frequency as the input terminal are injected into the AC line for controllable transmission through the output of the inverter.
  • the inverter must be a current source type with a large internal resistance inverter.
  • Voltage source inverters (such as unified power flow controller UPFC, static synchronous series compensator SSSC, etc.) have very small internal resistance and cannot achieve the technical effect described in the present invention.
  • the current source regulator TJQ, the controller KZQ, and the remote communication channel can be easily realized by using the existing technology according to the control method described in the present invention, and the present invention is not the focus of the description (the same below).
  • the capacitive charging power of ultra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage lines is very large.
  • the high resistance DK of the existing lines is used to compensate the capacitive reactive power of the distributed capacitance of the lines.
  • under-compensation is set, and the maximum compensation degree is generally less than 90%.
  • the setting of high anti-DK is no longer used to compensate the capacitive reactive power of the distributed capacitance of the line, but only to suppress the low-frequency oscillation and subsynchronous resonance (SSR) of the line, so high A lower compensation degree can be used for the impedance, and the specific compensation degree should be determined according to the setting principle of the line length so that the controllable AC line can suppress low-frequency oscillation and subsynchronous resonance (SSR) (the same below).
  • the fast earthing switches JDL1 and JDL2 are normally open and are only switched on when the line is faulty and the protection action is used to release the voltage on the distributed capacitance of the line to limit the overvoltage of the series transformer winding and line (the same below).
  • the step-up and pressurization control method of the double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission is characterized in that: the power grids F1 and F2 on both sides of the line are already in synchronous connection, and the secondary side current of the transformer B connected in series at both ends of the line
  • the source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 are not working and the fast grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 on the line side are disconnected, close the switches DL1 and DL2 on both sides of the line, and pass through the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 on the secondary side of the transformer B in series.
  • any current source regulator injects part of the charging current into the line and gradually increases the charging current.
  • Step-up pressurization is mainly used to check the integrity of the new line before it is put into operation for the first time and after the line is overhauled, or to replace the reclosing gate of the existing technology when the line fault exits and checks the nature of the fault.
  • the control method is: When the fast grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 on the line side are disconnected and the power supply regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 are not working, first turn on the outlet switches DL1 and DL2 on both sides of the line.
  • the resistance is very large, the secondary winding of the series transformer B is equivalent to an open circuit state, the primary winding of the transformer B is equivalent to a reactor connected in series at the line outlet, the primary winding of the transformer B, the line reactance X and the distributed capacitance C and the ground can only be connected
  • a small charging current and gradually increasing to the rated charging current can gradually increase the voltage of the line to make the line voltage gradually reach the rated voltage.
  • the step-up pressurization can be stopped and the line will be taken out of operation; if the line is normal, as the injected charging current rises to the rated charging current, the voltage drop on the primary winding of transformer B will be reduced to zero, and the line voltage will rise to rated.
  • the charging current of the line is the capacitive current generated by the power supply potential on both sides of the line on the distributed capacitance of the line, which is 90° ahead of the power supply voltage, and the rated charging current is the corresponding charging current of the line at the rated voltage.
  • the voltage established on the line is also lower than the rated voltage.
  • the AC line with controllable transmission can inject a small charging current into the line through the series transformer B and the current source regulator TJQ1, TJQ2 and gradually increase the rated charging current to perform a smooth step-up voltage operation, which can avoid
  • the prior art when the line is charged with full voltage, there is a large fluctuation of the reactive power of the system and the fault impact on the system when the full voltage is charged to the fault line.
  • the connection line between the grids cannot be stepped up and pressurized because there is no booster device, and the connection line Both charging and reclosing operations adopt the full voltage charging method, which has a great impact.
  • the step-up voltage can be performed only by using the current source regulators TJQ1 or TJQ2 on either side of the line, or by using the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 on both sides of the line simultaneously (the same below).
  • the load transmission control method of double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission is characterized in that: the power grids on both sides of the line are already in synchronous connection, when the line needs to transmit load, quickly ground the switches JDL1 and JDL2 on both sides of the line
  • the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 on the secondary side of the transformer B are disconnected and the outlets on both sides of the line are not working, close the switches DL1 and DL2 on both sides of the line, and the secondary side of the transformer B is connected in series at the outlets on both sides of the line.
  • the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 inject the rated charging current and the load current of the same size at the same time, so that the line is in the load transmission working state; or
  • the load transmission control method is to close the outlets on both sides of the line first when the quick grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 on the line side are disconnected and the regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 are not working when the controllable transmission AC line does not need step-up pressure Switch DL1, DL2, and then inject the rated charging current and the load current of the same magnitude into the line through the current source regulator TJQ1, TJQ2 at the same time, and the voltage of the line is established and the load transmission is carried out at the same time.
  • the power angle difference between the grids on both sides is the only driving force driving the flow of load current.
  • the power angle difference between the power grids on both sides cannot drive the load flow of the AC line with controllable transmission, and the power angle difference between the power grids on both sides
  • the generated voltage difference will appear as a voltage drop on the primary winding of the series transformer B, and the current source regulator TJQ can re-inject it into the line according to the voltage drop generated on the primary winding of the series transformer B according to the power angle difference of the power grid on both sides.
  • a load current of a corresponding size is the power angle difference between the power grids on both sides.
  • the transmission of the load current is transmitted from the grid on the side whose phase angle is ahead to the grid on the side whose phase angle is behind.
  • the phase of the load current should be near the angle bisector of the power angle difference formed by the potential of the grid power supply on both sides.
  • the principle that the power angle difference between the power sources on both sides and the phase and magnitude of the load current cooperate with each other is to make the power factor at both ends of the line run around 1 (even if the power angle difference between the voltages at both ends of the line is close to zero) .
  • the current source regulator TJQ injects load current into the line, the current source regulator TJQ mainly outputs reactive power, which is balanced with the line loss power generated by the load current and the charging power of the distributed capacitor, so there is no need to supply power to both sides of the line.
  • the controllable transmission line provides reactive power, and the operating efficiency of the power grid generators F1 and F2 on both sides is improved. Therefore, the controllable transmission AC line is not limited by reactive power balance factors, and the line can be controlled to operate at the limit of thermal stability. Because the load of the controllable transmission line is controllable, it also overcomes the problem of overloading of short lines on the power flow section formed by multiple lines in the existing free-flowing AC power grid during load peaks.
  • the two-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission can be under voltage and no load, or it can be in an unvoltage standby state.
  • the controllable transmission control technology is used for multiple lines, only some lines can be operated with load when the load is low, and the other part of the line can be standby without voltage to reduce the load of the AC power grid.
  • Excessive reactive power excessive system voltage, generator reactive phase advance, line loss caused by reactive current on the no-load line, corona loss caused by high voltage, and failure probability of the power line when it is no-load.
  • the controllable transmission AC line is in the non-voltage standby state, once the system needs to start power transmission, the non-voltage standby line can quickly start the line pressurization and load transmission in seconds.
  • the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 on both sides are in an "AND gate” relationship, and the controllers KZQ1 and KZQ2 on both sides must pass through the remote communication channel channel, and the unified cooperative control makes the current source regulators TJQ1 on both sides , TJQ2 outputs the rated charging current and the load current of the same size and phase at the same time (the same below).
  • the double-side power supply AC line of controllable transmission can be stepped up or directly pressurized, and then To start load transmission, the rated charging current and load current can also be injected into the controllable line at the same time, and the control of pressurization and load transmission can be carried out at the same time. If there are no other lines connected between the power grids on both sides, and the power grids on both sides are in asynchronous operation state, the following synchronous parallel control method is adopted.
  • the method of fast synchronous paralleling of two-sided power supply AC lines with controllable transmission is characterized in that: the power grids on both sides of the line connection are in an asynchronous operation state, and the current of the secondary side of transformer B is connected in series at both ends of the line
  • the source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 are not working, and the fast grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 on both sides of the line are disconnected, close the line switches DL1 and DL2 on both sides, and the slip between the grids on both sides of the line to be connected is smaller than the normal
  • the specified value when the lines are paralleled and when the slip crosses zero start two sets of current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 to inject the rated charging current and load current into the lines at the same time, and pull the power grids on both sides into synchronous operation.
  • the synchronous paralleling of the double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission and the existing AC line needs to be carried out when both sides of the line have synchronous paralleling conditions.
  • Line charging when the synchronization condition is met, close the switch on the other side of the line, and there will be impact during the operation; while the controllable line can first close the switches on both sides of the line, and the line will asynchronously connect the power grids on both sides in the no-voltage state.
  • the primary winding of the series transformer B on both sides of the line is equivalent to the reactor connected in series at the line outlet.
  • the potential of the power grid on both sides is almost completely borne by the primary winding of the transformer B at the line exit.
  • the line voltage is very low and almost zero.
  • the side power grid is in an asynchronous state, there is almost no power transmission between the two sides of the power grid.
  • the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 on both sides quickly and smoothly output the rated charging current and load current at the same time, build voltage on the line and start load transmission at the same time, pulling the grid on both sides Input synchronization, no impact on the power grid.
  • the fault handling method of the double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission (see Figure 1), is characterized in that: the line is under transmission load or under pressure standby state;
  • the AC line of controllable transmission fails, the power potential on both sides of the line is borne by the primary winding of the transformer connected in series at the line outlet, and the line cannot form a fault current.
  • the AC line of controllable transmission can prevent the occurrence of fault current.
  • the distributed capacitance of the line will form a discharge channel through the fault point and the high resistance at both ends of the line, and the discharge current is a high-order wave, which will generate a high-order wave voltage drop on the line , superimposed with the power frequency voltage drop of the primary winding of the transformer, it will cause overvoltage.
  • Controllable transmission After the AC line fails, in addition to stopping the output of the current source regulator, it is necessary to put in a fast grounding switch to avoid overvoltage and quickly release the voltage of the distributed capacitor. According to the different line lengths and voltage levels, the time for the distributed capacitor to release the voltage is different, so as to determine the length of time for the fast earthing switch to be turned on. After the capacitor voltage is released, turn off the fast grounding switch of the faulty phase again, and step up and pressurize the faulty line to judge the nature and status of the line fault, which is safer and more secure than judging the nature of the fault by reclosing in the prior art. After the controllable AC line fails, there will be no fault current, and the step-up pressure will not cause impact and damage to the line. It is safe and stable, and the AC line with controllable transmission has the characteristics of flexibility and controllability.
  • the difference between the existing AC line and the controllable transmission AC line the voltage of the existing AC line is established directly by closing the line switch, which has a large impact on the power grid, and the load transmission is driven by the voltage difference formed by the power angle difference between the two sides of the power supply. After a fault, a huge short-circuit current will be formed.
  • the voltage building and load transmission of the AC line with controllable transmission require the current source regulator TJQ to output the corresponding charging current and load current to build voltage and transmit power.
  • the power sources on both sides cannot pressurize the line.
  • the voltage difference formed by the power angle difference between them cannot drive the flow of line current. When a line fault occurs, it cannot generate a fault current. After the current source regulator TJQ detects a line fault, it will stop the current output.
  • Figure 2 is a single-line schematic diagram of an AC line with a single-side power supply with controllable transmission.
  • Reactance X and capacitor C represent an existing high-voltage power AC line
  • DL1 is the line exit switch
  • DL2 is the line end switch
  • F represents the power grid.
  • the outlet of the line switch DL1 is connected in series with a transformer B, a quick grounding switch JDL is set on the line side of the transformer B, and an AC-DC-AC type current source regulator TJQ is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer B to form a
  • the single-side power supply AC line for control transmission, the regulator TJQ is controlled by the controller KZQ, I is the current signal from the line, U is the voltage signal on the bus side, and V is the voltage signal on the line side.
  • a single-side power supply AC line with controllable transmission (see Figure 2), which is characterized in that: a transformer B is connected in series at the power-side switch DL1 outlet of the existing single-side power supply AC line, and a transformer B is connected in series on the secondary side of the transformer B
  • a set of current source regulator TJQ is connected, and the current source regulator TJQ is controlled by a group of controllers KZQ, and a group of fast grounding switches JDL are installed on the line side of the primary winding of the series transformer B.
  • the above control method for step-up and pressurization control of unilateral power supply AC lines is characterized by: disconnecting the end switch DL2 of the line, disconnecting the fast grounding switch JDL on the line side, closing the switch DL1 at the head end of the line, and passing The current source regulator TJQ on the secondary side of the series transformer B injects part of the charging current into the line and gradually increases the charging current. If the line is faulty and the boosting process is abnormal, the output of the charging current will be stopped, and the line will be taken out of operation. If there is no fault and the boosting process is normal, increase the charging current to the rated charging current to gradually increase the line voltage to the rated voltage. Among them, the control mode of injecting part of the charging current and gradually increasing is the same as the control mode of the circuit indicated in Fig. 1 .
  • the load control method of the single-side power supply AC line (see Figure 2): the fast grounding switch JDL on the line side is in the off state, the head-end switch DL and the end switch DL of the line are closed, and the current source on the secondary side of the series transformer B Type regulator TJQ injects rated charging current and load current into the line at the same time.
  • Controllable transmission single-side power supply AC line fault handling method (see Figure 2): Its characteristics are: the line is under the transmission load state,
  • Figure 3 is a single-line principle wiring diagram of a controllable transmission system composed of two-sided power AC line connected to a transformer group with functions integrated at both ends.
  • reactance X, capacitor C, and reactor DK constitute a double-sided power supply UHV or
  • a set of transformer groups with integrated functions are connected in series at both ends of the line.
  • the two sets of transformer groups with integrated functions are composed of two transformers B1 and B2.
  • the primary side windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 After the same polarity is connected in series, one end is grounded, the other end is connected to the line and a set of fast grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 are connected to the line end, and the secondary side windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 are connected in series in reverse polarity to a set of AC -DC-AC current source regulators TJIQ1, TJQ2, two sets of current source regulators TJQ1, TJQ2 are controlled by two sets of controllers KZQ1, KZQ2 respectively, and the two sets of controllers KZQ1, KZQ2 are connected through the remote communication channel channel Communication, the AC input terminals of two sets of current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 are powered by the substation bus.
  • a controllable transmission system composed of two ends of a double-sided power supply AC line respectively connected to a transformer group with integrated functions.
  • a set of transformers with integrated functions are composed of two transformers B1 and B2.
  • the primary windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 are connected in series with the same polarity, and one end is connected to the AC line, and the fast grounding switch JDL1 and JDL2 are connected to the line end.
  • the other end of the primary winding is grounded, and the middle connection point of the primary winding is connected to the grid busbars on both sides through two switches DL1 and DL2.
  • the secondary windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 are reversely connected in series, and each end is connected to a set of AC - DC-AC current source regulators TJQ1, TJQ2, two sets of current source regulators TJQ1, TJQ2 are respectively controlled by two sets of controllers KZQ1, KZQ2, between the two sets of controllers KZQ1, KZQ2 through the remote communication channel channel communication.
  • the secondary winding is equivalent to an open circuit state, and once the intermediate connection point of the primary winding is in series with the switches DL1 and DL2 of the power grid Closed, the primary winding of the functional integrated transformer group presents a large impedance, and only a small excitation current flows between the primary winding and the ground point and the line, the primary winding bears the potential voltage of the power supply, and the voltage on the line side is very small. low close to zero.
  • the line can establish voltage or transmit load. The specific description is as follows.
  • the above-mentioned two-sided power supply AC line is connected to a controllable transmission system composed of a functionally integrated transformer group at both ends of the above-mentioned control method to step up and pressurize the line.
  • the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 on the secondary side of the integrated transformer group B1 and B2 are not working, and the quick grounding switches JDL1 and JDL2 at the outlets on both sides of the line are disconnected, firstly close the two functional integrated transformer groups and Switch DL1 and DL2 between the grid busbars on both sides, and then make the current source regulators TJQ1 and TJQ2 in the secondary winding of the two groups of transformers on both sides of the system to inject part of the charging current into the line at the same time or either side and gradually increase it Charging current, if there is a fault in the line and the pressurization process is abnormal, stop the output of the current source regulator TJQ1, TJQ2, and the line will be out of operation. If there is no fault in the
  • the method for controlling load transmission by connecting both ends of the double-sided power supply AC line to a controllable transmission system with integrated transformer groups is characterized in that: the power grids on both sides of the line are already in synchronous connection,
  • the present invention also protects a double-sided power supply AC line (see Figure 4) with controllable transmission using a function-integrated transformer, an ultra-high voltage or ultra-high voltage AC line composed of reactance X, distributed capacitance C and reactor DK, and the line Between the switches DL1 and DL2 on both sides, one end is connected in series with a regulator, and the other end is connected with a function-in-one transformer group.
  • Figure 4 is a single-line schematic wiring diagram of a controllable transmission double-sided power supply AC line connected in series on the right side of the regulator and connected to a function-integrated transformer group on the left side
  • the right side of the transformer is connected to the controllable transmission of the double-sided power supply AC line design of the integrated transformer
  • the reactance X, the distributed capacitance C and the reactor DK constitute a UHV or EHV AC line
  • the two transformers B1 on the left , B2, AC-DC-AC type current source regulator TJQ1 and its controller KZQ1, and fast grounding switch JDL1 form a transformer group that combines the functions of boost and regulator.
  • the primary side windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 After the same polarity is connected in series, one end is grounded, and the other end is connected to the left side of the line and connected to the fast grounding switch JDL1.
  • the current source regulator TJQ1 and its controller KZQ1 are connected;
  • a transformer B is connected in series between the switch DL2 on the right side of the line and the right side of the line, and the secondary side of the transformer B is connected to a set of AC-DC - AC type current source regulator TJQ2 and its controller KZQ2, the line side of the primary winding of transformer B is connected to the fast grounding switch JDL2, and the two groups of controllers KZQ1 and KZQ2 are unified and coordinated through the remote communication channel channel,
  • I1 I2 is the current signal of the lines on both sides
  • U1 and U2 are the voltage signals obtained from the busbars on both sides of the device
  • V1 and V2 are the voltage signals on the sides of the lines at both ends,
  • a controllable transmission system composed of a transformer group with integrated functions at one end of the AC line for double-sided power supply and a series transformer at the other end.
  • the function-in-one transformer group is composed of two transformers B1 and B2.
  • the primary windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 are connected in series with the same polarity.
  • the other end of the latter primary winding is grounded, and the intermediate connection point of the primary winding is connected to the F1 side of the power grid on one side through the switch DL1.
  • the secondary windings of the two transformers B1 and B2 are connected in series in reverse polarity, and the two ends of the secondary winding connected in series are connected A set of AC-DC-AC current source regulator TJQ1, a transformer B is connected in series between the line switch DL2 and the line at the other end of the double-sided power supply AC line, and a transformer B is connected in series on the line side of the primary winding of the transformer B Another group of fast grounding switches JDL2 is connected, and the secondary winding of transformer B is connected to another group of AC-DC-AC current source regulator TJQ2. Controlled by KZQ2, the two groups of controllers KZQ1 and KZQ2 communicate through the remote communication channel channel, and the line switch DL2 at the other end of the line is connected to the power grid F2 on the other side.
  • the controllable transmission system composed of a transformer group with integrated functions connected in series on one side of the above-mentioned double-sided power supply AC line, and connected in series on the other side of the transformer, which gradually increases the voltage on the line, controls the load transmission of the line, and controls the fault of the line.
  • the method is the same as the controllable transmission system in which both ends of the line are connected in series to a transformer group with integrated functions, so it will not be repeated here.
  • the AC line connected to the transformer group with integrated functions can be arbitrarily connected to two power grids with different voltages.
  • the left side can be 330kv or 750kv power grid
  • the line and right side power grid can be 1000kv.
  • the power grid on one side can be 330kv or 750kv
  • the other side can be 500kv
  • the line used for connection can be 1000kv line, which can be combined according to different needs , to connect power grids of different voltage levels
  • the transformation ratios of the function-integrated transformers B1 and B2 are also specifically determined according to the size of the desired transformation.
  • the AC lines with controllable transmission can all run in a thermally stable state.
  • the lines When the lines are running in a thermally stable state, they can melt the ice on the line, so as to realize the non-stop power-off and ice-melting of the line.
  • existing AC lines are covered with ice, most of them rely on manual short-circuiting at the end of the line after a power outage, and direct current or alternating current is added to the head end for short-circuit upflow to melt the ice.
  • control method of the controllable transmission of the power AC line with the neutral point directly grounded mode has been described through the accompanying drawings.
  • the controllable transmission control method is the same, so it will not be repeated here.
  • the double-sided power supply AC line with controllable transmission provides a control method in which a series transformer and its current source regulator are connected in series on both sides of the line.
  • the simulation of the existing AC 1000kv line the length of its control line can reach 700km. At present, the length of most 1000kv AC lines is about 600km, and current source regulators can be connected in series on both sides of the line to meet the requirements.
  • transformers and current source regulators can be connected in series on both sides of the line, and one or more transformers and their current source regulators can be connected in series in the middle of the line.
  • the transmission distance can be As the number of transformers connected in series and their current source controllers increases, the AC lines for controllable transmission are not limited by the transmission distance. In practical applications, due to the easy networking of AC lines, it is generally not necessary to pursue a longer transmission distance.
  • the controllable transmission AC line control technology of the present invention is applicable to AC lines of all voltage levels.
  • For a single-power AC line with controllable transmission for a 110kv high-voltage line, only the control scheme of connecting the transformer and its current source regulator in series at the line outlet can achieve a power transmission distance of more than 200km under thermal stability. , which is far greater than the limit of the current power supply radius of the existing 110kv line. If the transmission distance needs to be increased, the number of series-connected current source regulators can also be increased in the middle of the line.
  • the AC power grid formed by the existing technology has gone through a multi-level grid structure formed by the process of rising voltage, and the lines of various voltage levels are limited by the power supply radius, so that the power load flow flows back and forth in the multi-level grid many times.
  • the AC line with controllable transmission has no limitation on the power transmission distance, and the invention provides the possibility of studying the flattening of the existing multi-level grid structure.
  • controllable transmission AC line and the control method provided by the present invention have passed the simulation verification of PSCAD/EMTDC software.

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Abstract

本发明公开了可控传输交流线路及其控制方法，在现有电力交流线路中串联接入电流源型调节器，变现有自由流动交流传输为可控传输，线路可运行在热稳定且不受输电距离和无功平衡因素限制，实现大容量远距离传输。热稳定传输时可在线融冰。潮流断面上多条线路不会出现短线路过负荷。线路故障时不产生故障电流。可连接两个异步电网平稳过度到同期并列。可以连接两个电压不同的电网进行负荷传输。可对线路递升加压，避免现有技术全电压充电和重合闸动作时的无功波动及充电于故障线路时故障电流对系统的冲击。线路空载时可无压备用，以限制电网负荷低谷时线路充电功率过剩引起的电压升高、发电机进相、无功电流的线损和电晕损耗。

Description

一种可控传输电力交流线路及其控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种可控传输电力线路及其控制方法，特别是一种可控传输电力交流线路及其控制方法。
背景技术
在国际社会共同致力于“碳达峰、碳中和”，中国提出了构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，推动全球能源互联网建设的形势下，电力交流电网存在的经济性和安全性问题，已经成为制约电网发展的重要问题。
经济性方面，现有电网起步于18世纪美国爱迪生和英国开尔文与美国的乔治.威斯丁豪斯和英国的费朗蒂两派之间的交直流输电之争，由于交流输电变压容易、组网简单、经济等特点，电网选择了交流输电，不断发展形成了现代电网。电网的不断扩大过程，走出了一条电压不断攀升的技术路线，从400v到10kv、35kv、110kv、220kv，一直到超高压330～750kv和特高压1000kv。由于交流线路感抗很大，受动稳定极限限制，交流线路的输送容量与输电距离成反比，即使特高压线路也无法实现远距离、大容量的传输。就目前中国的特高压1000kv线路而言，80km以内可以达到热稳定运行，输送能力可达12000MW左右，与同等电压水平的直流±1100kv线路输送能力相当。而输电距离为600km时输电容量约为4000MW，当输送距离达到1000km时，只有不到1000MW的输送能力。目前，大多特高压交流线路的输电长度大多在600km左右，其传输容量只有其热稳定容量的1/3左右。中国全国政协曾进行过两次特高压论证会，由于特高压交流线路的存在经济性问题进行过激烈的争论。2018年中国国家能源局委托中国工程院对特高交流线路的论证，由于经济性问题几乎全面否定了特高压交流线路的发展。在远距离大容量输送方面，目前主要依靠直流线路，但直流线路造价高，中短距离输电不经济。只能点对网输电。还需要很大容量的无功补偿和强大交流电网的支撑。目前，中国特高压已经建成16条直流线路和14条交流线路，初步形成了“强直强交”的局面下，交流电网故障时直流线路仍然容易发生换相失败和直流闭锁，引发交流电网低周减载事故在局部地区时常发生。建设以新能源为主体的新型电力系统和国际能源互联网的形势下，解决交流线路大容量、远距离输送问题意义重大。
电网的安全性方面，交流电网是一个自由流动的电网，潮流按阻抗自然分布，潮流控制直接关系电网的安全运行，据国际大电网委员会统计，21世纪前20年间，全球13次大停电事故中有12次由潮流失控引起，美加大停电、俄罗斯大停电等事故使人们对大电网的安全性非常担忧，中国国务院曾经召开的“三华”同步电网论证会，就安全性问题引发过激烈的辩论。目前，区域电网之间的连接主要依靠直流“背靠背”方式进行故障隔离，以防止大面积停电，但直流“背靠背”不仅价格昂贵，且只能阻止故障电流向非故障一侧传递，在发生故障的一侧仍然会引发很大的短路电流。自由流动的交流电网，同一潮流断面多条线路，较短线路过负荷，较长的线路还未满载，潮流分布不均衡现象是现代电网的一个普遍特征，局部潮流重载在电网中形成短板效应，限制了整体供电能力的发挥。短路电流超标问题 也影响着电网安全，电网容量越大，短路电流超标问题越突出。
自由流动的交流电网，遵循电势差的驱动，电流从高电位向低电位自由流动，与自然界的水一样具有向低处流动的特性。电力交流电网的传输，是否可以开发一种“电泵”对交流电网的传输进行调节和控制呢。电力科技工作者已经做出了积极探索，以电压源换流器VSC为核心的统一潮流控制器UPFC，以及静止同步串联补偿器SSSC作为最先进的FACTS，可以用于对交流线路的阻抗、相角、电压、潮流等进行灵活控制调节，理论上可以使电力交流线路达到热稳定，解决经济性问题，对线路传输进行控制。但由于其核心元件需采用IGBT、IGCT等全控电力电子器件，采用脉冲宽度调节技术SPMW，频率高，功耗大，造价高，电网短路电流超标问题突出。目前，中国只投运了三套小容量的南京220kvUPFC、上海220kvUPFC、苏州500kvUPFC和天津石各庄220kvSSSC用于阻止潮流断面上短线路的过负荷，提高整个潮流断面输送能力。受经济性和短路电流超标等问题的制约，目前还不具备将统一潮流控制器UPFC和静止同步串联补偿器SSSC实际应用于提升交流线路输送容量至热稳定的条件，也没有实际应用的案例。
将自由流动的交流线路转变为可控传输的交流线路，使交流线路最大可以运行在热稳定且不受输电距离和无功平衡问题的制约，实现大容量远距离输送，使电网潮流断面各条线路在可控状态下实现潮流的最佳分配，在线路发生故障时不产生故障电流从根本上消除电网大面积停电风险，在线路空载时使线路无压备用以减小无功过剩和电压攀升以及无功产生的损耗，同时解决交流线路的经济性和安全性等问题，促进全球电网依靠交流线路实现互联，是本发明的主旨。
发明内容
针对上述现有的电力交流线路组成的交流电网存在的技术问题，本发明的目的在于，提供一种可控传输的交流线路及其控制方法。
本发明针对的电力交流线路，分为两种类型：双侧电源交流线路，如超高压和特高压交流线路，连接各个区域电网，线路两侧都有电源；单侧电源交流线路，如向负荷供电的高压、中压、低压交流线路，线路末端只有负载，没有电源。
为了实现上述任务，本发明采取如下的技术方案得以实现：
一种可控传输的双侧电源交流线路，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路两端开关的线路侧各串联接入一台变压器，两个串联变压器的二次侧绕组各接入一套电流源型调节器，在两个串联变压器一次绕组的线路侧各装设一组快速接地开关，两个电流源型调节器由两台控制器分别控制，两台控制器之间通过遥讯通道通信。
一种上述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路递升加压控制方法，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，在线路两端串联接入的变压器二次侧电流源型调节器未工作，且线路侧快速接地开关断开前提下，合上线路两侧开关，通过串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器同时或任意一个电流源型调节器向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，如若线路有故障，加压过程异常，则停止充电电流输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，加压过程正常，则使充电电流加大到额定充电电流，使线路电压逐渐升高到额定电压。
一种上述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路负荷传输控制方法，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，
当需要使线路传输负荷时，在线路两侧快速接地开关断开及线路两侧出口串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器未工作的前提下，合上线路两侧开关，通过在线路两侧出口串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，使线路处于负荷传输工作状态；或
当需要可控传输的双侧电源交流线路停止负荷传输时，停止线路两侧电流源型调节器所输出的负荷电流，仅输出额定充电电流，使线路处于带压空载状态，或停止两侧电流源型调节器所输出的负荷电流和充电电流，使线路处于无压备用状态。
一种上述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路实现快速同期并列的方法，其特征是：线路联结的两侧电网处于异步状态，在线路两端串联接入变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器未工作，且线路两侧快速接地开关断开的情况下，合上两侧线路开关，待线路连接的两侧电网之间的滑差小于规定值并当滑差过零点时，启动两组电流源型调节器向线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，将两侧电网拉入同步运行。
一种上述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路的故障处置方法：其特征是：线路处于传输负荷或带压备用状态下，
当线路发生单相故障时，维持未故障相的正常运行，停止故障相电流源型调节器的输出，同时合上故障相线路两侧的快速接地开关，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容的电压放电完毕后，断开故障相线路两侧的快速接地开关，再通过串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器向线路故障相注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止电流源型调节器的三相输出，三相线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升至额定电压后，则通过电流源型调节器向线路故障相注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复三相线路的正常运行；或
当线路发生两相或三相故障时，停止三相电流源调节器的输出，同时合上三相线路两侧的快速接地开关，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容的电压放电完毕后，再断开三相线路两侧的快速接地开关，通过线路两端串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器向三相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止三相电流源型调节器的输出将三相线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，则通过两组电流源型调节器向三相线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复三相线路的正常运行。
一种可控传输的单侧电源交流线路，其特征是：在单侧电源交流线路的电源侧开关出口串联接入一台变压器，在变压器的二次侧接入一套电流源型调节器，电流源型调节器由一组控制器控制，在串联变压器一次绕组的线路侧装设一组快速接地开关。
一种上述的可控传输的单侧电源交流线路递升加压控制方法，其特征是：断开线路末端开关，断开线路侧快速接地开关，合上线路首端开关，通过串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，若线路有故障，升压过程异常，则停止充电电流的输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，升压过程正常，则加大充电电流到额定充电电流，使线路电压逐渐升高到额 定电压。
一种上述的可控传输的单侧电源交流线路的负荷控制方法：其特征是：线路侧的快速接地开关处于断开状态，合上线路的首端开关和末端开关，通过串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器向线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流。
一种上述的可控传输的单侧电源交流线路故障处置方法：其特征是：线路处于传输负荷状态下，
当线路发生单相故障时，维持未故障相的正常运行，停止电流源型调节器故障相的电流输出，断开故障相线路末端开关，同时合上故障相线路侧的快速接地开关，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容的电压放电完毕后，断开故障相线路侧的快速接地开关，再通过串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器向故障相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止三相电流源型调节器输出，线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，合上故障相线路末端开关，通过电流源型调节器向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复线路运行；或
当线路发生两相或三相故障时，停止电流源型调节器三相的电流输出，断开三相线路末端开关，同时合上三相线路侧的快速接地开关，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容电压放电完毕后，断开三相线路侧的快速接地开关，再通过串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器向三相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止电流源型调节器的三相电流输出，线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，合上线路末端开关，通过电流源型调节器向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复线路运行。
一种双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路的两端分别接入一套功能合一的变压器组，所述功能合一变压器组由两台变压器组成，两台所述变压器的一次绕组同极性串联后一端接交流线路，并在线路端接入快速接地开关，串联后一次绕组的另一端接地，一次绕组的中间串接点通过开关接于电网母线，两台所述变压器的二次绕组反极性串联后两端各接入一组电流源型调节器，两组电流源型调节器由两组控制器分别控制，两组控制器之间通过遥讯通道通信。
一种上述的双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统对线路进行递升加压的控制方法，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，在线路两侧功能合一变压器组二次侧的电流源型调节器未工作，且线路两侧出口快速接地开关断开的情况下，先合上两组功能合一变压器组与电网母线之间开关，再使系统两侧两组功能合一变压器组的二次绕组中电流源型调节器同时或任一侧向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，若线路有故障，加压过程异常，则停止电流源型调节器的输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，加压过程正常，则使电流源型调节器输出额定充电电流，使线路电压递升到额定电压。
一种上述的双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统进行负荷传输控制方法，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，
当需要线路传输负荷时，在线路两侧的电流源型调节器不工作，且线路两侧出口快速接地开关断开的情况下，先合上线路两侧功能合一变压器组的电网侧开关，再使两侧电流源型调节器同时向线路 注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，使线路工作于负荷传输工作状态；或
当需要使线路停止负荷传输时，停止线路两侧电流源型调节器所输出的负荷电流，仅输出额定充电电流，使线路处于全压空载状态，或全部停止线路两侧的电流源型调节器所输出的负荷电流和充电电流，使线路处于无压备用状态。
一种双侧电源交流线路一端采用功能合一变压器组，另一端采用串联变压器构成的可控传输系统，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路的一端接入一套功能合一的变压器组，功能合一变压器组由两台变压器组成，两台变压器的一次绕组同极性串联，串联后一次绕组的一端接交流线路，并在线路端接入快速接地开关，串联后一次绕组的另一端接地，一次绕组的中间串接点通过开关接于一侧电网，两台变压器的二次绕组反极性串联，串联后的二次绕组两端接入一组电流源型调节器；在双侧电源交流线路的另一端的线路开关与线路之间串联接入一台变压器，在变压器一次绕组的线路侧接入另一组快速接地开关，变压器的二次绕组接入另一组电流源型调节器，两组电流源型调节器由两组控制器分别控制，两组控制器之间通过遥讯通道通信，线路另一端的线路开关连接于另一侧电网。
本发明带来的有益效果是，在电力交流线路中串联接入了电流源型调节器，变现有自由流动的交流传输为可控传输，线路可以运行在热稳定，可以实现大容量远距离的传输。可控传输可以使交流线路从现有依靠断路器切开故障电流，转变为依靠串联变压器的大感抗阻止故障电流发生，可控传输的交流线路上发生故障，只是中断本线路的负荷传输，无论单相接地、两相短路、三相短路，线路上不会产生故障电流，依靠线路出口快速接地开关快速释放分布电容上的电压，同时抑制过电压，从根本上消除了现有交流线路故障后，故障电流大，对系统冲击大，处置不当会引发大面积停电事故的问题。本发明解决现有交流电网存在的经济性和安全性问题的同时，可控交流线路可以运行于热稳定，可以融化线路覆冰，无需停电融冰。可控传输的双侧电源交流线路可以对两个异步电网实现异步连接，平稳过度到同期并列。可控传输的交流线路可以对线路进行递升加压，可以避免现有技术在线路投运时全电压充电以及重合闸动作时向线路全电压充电操作对系统的冲击，避免现有技术依靠全电压充电和重合闸动作于永久故障时的故障冲击。可控传输的双侧电源交流线路还可在空载情况下，选择无压备用状态，以限制电网负荷低谷时的线路分布电容产生的过多无功充电功率以及所引起的系统电压升高、发电机进相运行，降低空载线路上无功电流的线损、高电压空载时的电晕损耗和故障几率。
附图说明
图1是一条可控传输的双侧电源交流线路单线原理图；
图2是一条可控传输的单侧电源交流线路单线原理图；
图3是一条双侧电源交流线路两端接入功能合一变压器组构成的可控传输系统单线原理接线图；
图4是一条可控传输的双侧电源交流线路右侧串联接入调节器左侧接入升压和调节器功能合一变压器组的单线原理接线图。
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
具体实施方式
现有交流线路，是分布参数的线路，线路的感抗远远大于线路电阻，研究中省去电阻，由线路感 抗X和分布电容C搭建成T型线路或∏型线路进行研究。本发明将电力交流线路分为两类进行叙述：可控传输的双侧电源交流线路、可控传输的单电源交流线路。
按照本发明的技术方案，可控传输的双侧电源交流线路，是在现有双侧电源交流线路两端开关DL1、DL2的线路侧各串联接入一台变压器B，串联变压器B的二次侧绕组各接入一套电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2，在串联变压器B一次绕组的线路侧各装设一组快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，两个电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2由两台控制器KZQ1、KZQ2分别控制，两台控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间通过遥讯通道channel通信，实现协同控制。
图1是一条可控传输的双侧电源交流线路单线原理图，图中电抗X和电容C表示一条现有超高压或特高压交流线路的感抗和分布电容，DK为现有线路两端的电抗器，DL1、DL2为现有双侧电源交流线路两侧开关，F1、F2代表线路所连接的两侧电网，在两端线路开关DL1、DL2和线路之间，分别串联接入一台变压器B，两个变压器B一次绕组的线路侧分别加设快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，两个变压器B二次侧绕组分别接入AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2，构成可控传输的双侧电源交流线路，控制器KZQ1、KZQ2分别为两套电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的控制器，两台控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间通过遥讯通道channel统一协同控制，其中I1、I2为两侧线路的电流信号，U1、U2为装置取自两侧母线的电压信号，V1、V2为两端线路侧的电压信号。
本发明所述的电流源型调节器TJQ，可以是现有技术使用电力可控硅、IGBT、IGCT、GTO等电力电子器件构成的交一直一交同频整流逆变装置，装置的整流侧可以由变电站的高压母线提供电源，整流后再通过逆变器输出向可控传输的交流线路注入一个与其输入端同频的充电电流和负荷电流，逆变器必须是内阻很大的电流源型逆变器。电压源型逆变器(如统一潮流控制器UPFC、静止同步串联补偿器SSSC等)内阻很小，无法达到本发明所述的技术效果。电流源型调节器TJQ、控制器KZQ以及遥讯通道channel，可根据本发明所述的控制方法，运用现有技术容易实现，本发明不作为叙述重点(下同)。
超高压和特高压线路的容性充电功率很大，现有线路的高抗DK用于对线路分布电容的容性无功进行补偿，一般欠补偿设置，最大补偿度一般小于90％。对于可控传输的超高压、特高压线路，高抗DK的设置不再用于对线路分布电容容性无功的补偿，仅用于抑制线路的低频振荡和次同步谐振(SSR)，故高抗可以采用更低的补偿度，具体补偿度应根据线路长度以使可控交流线路能够抑制低频振荡和次同步谐振(SSR)为设置原则确定(下同)。
快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2处于常开状态，只在线路故障，保护动作时投入，用于释放线路分布电容上的电压，以限制串联变压器绕组和线路的过电压(下同)。
可控传输的双侧电源交流线路递升加压控制方法(参见图1)，其特征是：线路两侧电网F1、F2已经处于同步联结，在线路两端串联接入的变压器B二次侧电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作，且线路侧快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2断开前提下，合上线路两侧开关DL1、DL2，通过串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2同时或任意一个电流源型调节器向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，如若线路有故障，加压过程异常，则停止充电电流输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无 故障，加压过程正常，则使充电电流加大到额定充电电流，使线路电压逐渐递升到额定电压。其中，所述向线路注入部分充电电流可从额定充电电流的10％起步。所述逐渐加大充电电流的速度应在保护设置时考虑，以使保护能够及时反应加压过程是否正常并能对加压异常及时作出停止加压的保护动作。
递升加压，主要用于新建线路初次投运和线路检修完毕投运前检查线路的完好性，或用于线路故障退出后检查故障性质时替代现有技术的重合闸，其控制方法为：在线路侧快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2断开、电源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作的情况下，先合上线路两侧的出口开关DL1、DL2，此时由于电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的内阻很大，串联变压器B的二次绕组相当于开路状态，变压器B的一次绕组相当于一个电抗器串联在线路出口，变压器B的一次绕组和线路电抗X及分布电容C与地之间只能流过一个很小的变压器一次绕组的激磁电流，变压器一次绕组几乎承受全部电源的电势，线路上的电压很低接近于零，此时启动电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2通过变压器B向线路注入一个较小的充电电流并逐渐加大到额定充电电流即可对线路进行递升加压使线路电压逐步达到额定电压，如若线路有故障，注入的充电电流增加而线路电压不升高，可判断为加压过程异常，即可停止递升加压将线路退出运行；如若线路正常，随着所注入的充电电流升至额定充电电流，变压器B一次绕组上的压降减小为零，线路电压递升到额定。
线路的充电电流，现有技术状况下，是线路两侧电源电势在线路分布电容上产生的容性电流，超前于电源电压90°，额定充电电流是线路在额定电压下对应的充电电流。可控传输交流线路，若电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2给线路注入的充电电流小于额定充电电流时，线路上建立的电压也小于额定电压。故此，可控传输的交流线路可以通过串联变压器B和电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2对线路注入一个较小的充电电流并逐步加大到额定充电电流，进行平滑的递升加压操作，可避免现有技术向线路进行全电压充电时系统无功的较大波动以及全电压充电到故障线路时对系统的故障冲击。现有技术中，只能对发电厂的出口线路，采用单台机组带一条线路进行递升加压操作，电网之间的联络线路，由于没有升压设备而无法进行递升加压，给联络线路的充电及重合闸操作都采用全电压充电方式，冲击很大。
递升加压可以只使用线路任一侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1或TJQ2进行，也可使用线路双侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2同时进行(下同)。
可控传输的双侧电源交流线路负荷传输控制方法(参见图1)，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，当需要使线路传输负荷时，在线路两侧快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2断开及线路两侧出口串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作的前提下，合上线路两侧开关DL1、DL2，通过在线路两侧出口串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2同时注入额定充电电流和同样大小的负荷电流，使线路处于负荷传输工作状态；或
当需要可控传输的双侧电源交流线路停止负荷传输时，停止线路两侧电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2所输出的负荷电流，仅输出额定充电电流，使线路处于带压空载状态，或停止两侧电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2所输出的负荷电流和充电电流，使线路处于无压备用状态。
负荷传输控制方法，是在可控传输的交流线路无需递升加压时，在线路侧快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2 断开、调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作的情况下，先合上线路两侧的出口开关DL1、DL2，再通过电流源调节器TJQ1、TJQ2向线路同时注入额定充电电流和同样大小的负荷电流，线路建立电压和负荷传输同时进行。
线路的负荷传输，现有技术的交流线路连接起两个交流电网之后，两侧电网之间的功角差是驱动负荷电流流动的唯一驱动力。可控传输的交流线路，由于电流源型调节器TJQ的内阻很大，两侧电网之间的功角差无法驱动可控传输的交流线路的负荷流动，两侧电网之间的功角差所产生的压差将表现为串联变压器B一次绕组上的一个压降，电流源型调节器TJQ可根据两侧电网功角差在串联变压器B一次绕组上产生的压降大小，向线路再注入一个相应大小的负荷电流，负荷电流的传输原则上从相角超前的一侧电网向相角迟后的一侧电网传输，负荷电流的大小以保持两侧电网电源之间的相角差在规定值(一般规定44°左右)以内，负荷电流的相位，应在两侧电网电源电势形成的功角差的角平分线附近。两侧电源之间的功角差和负荷电流的相位、大小相互配合的原则，是使线路两端的功率因数运行在1附近为宜(即使线路两端电压之间的功角差接近于零)。由于电流源型调节器TJQ向线路注入负荷电流时，电流源型调节器TJQ主要输出无功功率，与负荷电流产生的线损功率以及分布电容的充电功率相平衡，线路两侧均不须向可控传输线路提供无功功率，两侧电网发电机F1、F2的运行效率得以提高，故可控传输交流线路也不受无功平衡因素的限制，可以控制线路运行于热稳定极限。由于可控传输线路的负荷大小可控，也克服了现有自由流动交流电网在负荷高峰时多条线路构成的潮流断面上短线路过负荷的问题。
当线路空载时，可控传输的双侧电源交流线路可以带压空载，也可处于无压备用状态。电网的一个潮流断面上往往有多条线路，多条线路均采用可控传输控制技术时，负荷低谷时可以只让部分线路带负荷运行，另一部分线路无压备用，以减少交流电网在负荷低谷时无功过剩、系统电压过高、发电机无功进相、以及空载线路上无功电流产生的线路损耗和高电压产生的电晕损耗及电力线路空载时的故障几率。可控传输交流线路处于无压备用状态时，一旦系统需要启动功率传输，无压备用线路可以秒级快速启动线路加压和负荷传输。
在负荷传输控制时，两侧电流源调节器TJQ1、TJQ2为“与门”关系，两侧控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间必须通过遥讯通道channel，统一协同控制使两侧的电流源调节器TJQ1、TJQ2同时输出额定充电电流和输出同样大小和同相位的负荷电流(下同)。
当可控传输的双侧电源交流线路所连接的两侧电网已经通过其它线路相连，处于同步运行状态时，可以对可控传输的双侧电源交流线路进行递升加压或直接加压后，再启动负荷传输，也可对可控线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，控制加压和负荷传输同时进行。若当其两侧电网之间还没有其它线路相连接，两侧电网之间处于异步运行状态时，采用以下同期并列的控制方法。
可控传输的双侧电源交流线路实现快速同期并列的方法(参见图1)，其特征是：线路连接的两侧电网处于异步运行状态，在线路两端串联接入变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作，且线路两侧快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2断开的情况下，合上两侧线路开关DL1、DL2，待线路连接的两侧电网之间的滑差小于常规线路并列时的规定值并当滑差过零点时，启动两组电流源型调节器 TJQ1、TJQ2向线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，将两侧电网拉入同步运行。
可控传输的双侧电源交流线路与现有交流线路的同期并列，都需要线路两侧具备同期并列条件时进行，所不同的是，现有交流线路的同期并列是先通过一侧线路开关向线路充电，等待满足同期条件时合上另一侧线路开关，操作过程有冲击；而可控线路可以先合上线路两侧开关，线路在无压状态下将两侧电网进行异步连接，此时的线路两侧的串联变压器B的一次绕组相当于串接在线路出口的电抗器，两侧电网的电势几乎全部由线路出口的变压器B的一次绕组所承受，线路电压很低几乎为零，两侧电网尽管处于异步状态，但两侧电网之间几乎没有功率传输，变压器一次绕组阻抗很大，阻止了两侧电网之间异步状态下的功率振荡的发生，待两侧电网之间滑差速度较小并当滑差过零点具备同步条件时，两侧电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2快速平滑的同时输出额定充电电流和负荷电流，同时对线路建压和启动负荷传输，将两侧电网拉入同步，对电网没有冲击。
可控传输的双侧电源交流线路的故障处置方法(参见图1)，其特征是：线路处于传输负荷或带压备用状态下；
当线路发生单相故障时，维持未故障相的正常运行，停止故障相电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的输出，同时合上故障相线路两侧的快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容上电压放电完毕后，断开故障相线路两侧的快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，再通过串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2向线路故障相注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的三相输出，三相线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压至额定电压后，则通过电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2向线路故障相注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复三相线路的正常运行(即恢复到正常负荷传输控制状态)；或
当线路发生两相或三相故障时，停止三相电流源调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的输出，同时合上三相线路两侧的快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容上电压放电完毕后，再断开三相线路两侧的快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，通过线路两端串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2向三相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止三相电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的输出将三相线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，则通过两组电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2向三相线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复三相线路的正常运行。
现有交流线路故障时，会产生很大的故障电流，电网连接越紧密，短路电流越大，短路电流超标(50KA)是引发交流电网大面积停电事故的主要原因。现有技术中，交流线路发生故障后，单相故障只采用单相重合闸，两相和三相故障时不使用重合闸，采用三相直跳线路后再次强送的方法判断故障性质，一旦重合或强送于永久故障，会对系统造成二次故障冲击，使故障点的破坏更为严重甚至使事故扩大。可控传输的交流线路故障时，线路两侧电源电势由串联在线路出口的变压器的一次绕组承担，线路无法形成故障电流，可控传输的交流线路可以阻止故障电流的发生。但与现有交流线路一样，可控传输的交流线路故障后，线路分布电容会通过故障点和线路两端的高抗形成放电通道，放电电流为高次波，在线路上产生高次波的压降，与变压器一次绕组的工频压降叠加后会引起过电压。可控传输 交流线路故障后，除停止电流源型调节器的输出之外，需要投入快速接地开关，避免过电压，且可快速释放分布电容的电压。根据线路长度、电压等级不同，分布电容释放电压的时间不同，以此决定快速接地开关投入的时间长度。电容电压释放完之后，再次断开故障相的快速接地开关，对故障线路进行递升加压判断线路故障性质和状况，比现有技术通过重合闸判断故障性质安全稳妥。可控交流线路故障后本身不会出现故障电流，递升加压也不会对线路造成冲击和破坏，安全平稳，可控传输的交流线路具有柔性可控的特点。
现有交流线路与可控传输交流线路的区别：现有交流线路的电压建立通过合上线路开关直接建立，对电网冲击大，负荷传输由两侧电源的功角差形成的压差驱动，线路故障后会形成巨大的短路电流。而可控传输的交流线路的建压和负荷传输均需电流源型调节器TJQ输出相应的充电电流和负荷电流才可建压和传输功率，两侧电源无法给线路加压，两侧电源之间的功角差所形成的压差也无法驱动线路电流的流动。在线路发生故障时也无法产生故障电流，电流源型调节器TJQ检测到线路故障后，还会停止电流输出。
图2是一条可控传输的单侧电源的交流线路单线原理图，电抗X和电容C表示一条现有的高压电力交流线路，DL1为线路出口开关，DL2为线路末端开关，F代表电网，在线路开关DL1出口串联接入一台变压器B，在变压器B的线路侧设置快速接地开关JDL，在变压器B的二次绕组上接入AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ，构成可控传输的单侧电源交流线路，调节器TJQ由控制器KZQ控制，I为装置取自线路的电流信号，U为母线侧的电压信号，V为线路侧电压信号，控制方法详细叙述如下。
一种可控传输的单侧电源交流线路(参见图2)，其特征是：在现有单侧电源交流线路的电源侧开关DL1出口串联接入一台变压器B，在变压器B的二次侧接入一套电流源型调节器TJQ，电流源型调节器TJQ由一组控制器KZQ控制，在串联变压器B一次绕组的线路侧装设一组快速接地开关JDL。
上述可控传输的单侧电源交流线路递升加压控制方法(参见图2)，其特征是：断开线路末端开关DL2，断开线路侧快速接地开关JDL，合上线路首端开关DL1，通过串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，若线路有故障，升压过程异常，则停止充电电流的输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，升压过程正常，则加大充电电流到额定充电电流，使线路电压逐渐升高到额定电压。其中，注入部分充电电流以及逐渐加大的控制方式同图1所指的线路的控制方式。
单侧电源交流线路的负荷控制方法(参见图2)：线路侧的快速接地开关JDL处于断开状态，合上线路的首端开关DL和末端开关DL，通过串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ向线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流。
可控传输的单侧电源交流线路故障处置方法(参见图2)：其特征是：线路处于传输负荷状态下，
当线路发生单相故障时，维持未故障相的正常运行，停止电流源型调节器TJQ故障相的电流输出，断开故障相线路末端开关DL2，同时合上故障相线路侧的快速接地开关JDL，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容上电压放电完毕后，断开故障相线路侧的快速接地开关JDL，再通过串联变压器B二次侧的电 流源型调节器TJQ向故障相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止三相电流源型调节器TJQ输出，线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，合上故障相线路末端开关DL2，通过电流源型调节器TJQ向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复线路运行；或
当线路发生两相或三相故障时，停止电流源型调节器TJQ三相的电流输出，断开三相线路末端开关DL2，同时合上三相线路侧的快速接地开关JDL，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容上电压放电完毕后，断开三相线路侧的快速接地开关JDL，再通过串联变压器B二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ向三相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止电流源型调节器TJQ的三相电流输出，线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，合上线路末端开关DL2，通过电流源型调节器TJQ向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复线路运行。
图3是一条双侧电源交流线路两端接入功能合一变压器组构成的可控传输系统单线原理接线图，图中电抗X、电容C、电抗器DK构成了一条双侧电源的特高压或超高压电力交流线路，线路两端均串入了一套功能合一的变压器组，两套功能合一的变压器组均由两台变压器B1、B2组成，两台变压器B1、B2的一次侧绕组同极性串联后，一端接地，另一端接线路并在线路端接入一组快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，两台变压器B1、B2的二次侧绕组反极性串联后分别接入一组AC-DC-AC型电流源型调节器TJIQ1、TJQ2，两组电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2由两组控制器KZQ1、KZQ2分别控制，两组控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间通过遥讯通道channel连接通信，两组电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的交流输入端由变电站母线供电。
一种双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组构成的可控传输系统，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路的两端分别接入一套功能合一的变压器组，两套功能合一变压器组均由两台变压器B1、B2组成，两台变压器B1、B2的一次绕组同极性串联后一端接交流线路，并在线路端接入快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2，串联后一次绕组的另一端接地，一次绕组的中间串接点通过两台开关DL1、DL2接于两侧电网母线，两台变压器B1、B2的二次绕组反极性串联后两端各接入一组AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2，两组电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2由两组控制器KZQ1、KZQ2分别控制，两组控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间通过遥讯通道channel通信。
上述功能合一的变压器组，当其二次绕组回路中的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作时，二次绕组相当于开路状态，其一次绕组中间串接点与电网的开关DL1、DL2一旦合上，功能合一变压器组的一次绕组呈现大阻抗，一次绕组与接地点以及与线路之间，均只流过一个很小的激磁电流，一次绕组承受电源的电势电压，线路侧的电压很低接近于零。只有当其二次绕组回路中电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2投入加压或负荷传输控制状态时，线路才可建立电压或传输负荷，具体叙述如下。
上述双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组构成的可控传输系统对线路进行递升加压的控制方法，其特征在于：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，在线路两侧功能合一变压器组B1、B2二次侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2未工作，且线路两侧出口快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2断开的情况下，先合上两组功能合一变压器组与两侧电网母线之间开关DL1、DL2，再使系统两侧两组功能合 一变压器组二次绕组中电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2同时或任一侧向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，若线路有故障，加压过程异常，则停止电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2的输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，加压过程正常，则使电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2输出额定充电电流，使线路电压递升到额定电压。
上述双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统进行负荷传输控制方法，其特征在于：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，
当需要线路传输负荷时，在线路两侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2不工作，且线路两侧出口快速接地开关JDL1、JDL2断开的情况下，先合上线路两侧功能合一变压器组的电网侧开关DL1、DL2，再使两侧电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2同时向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，使线路工作于负荷传输工作状态；或
当需要使线路停止负荷传输时，停止线路两侧电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2所输出的负荷电流，仅输出额定充电电流，使线路处于全压空载状态，或全部停止线路两侧的电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2所输出的负荷电流和充电电流，使线路处于无压备用状态。
本发明还保护一种采用功能合一变压器的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路(参见图4)，由电抗X、分布电容C及电抗器DK构成的特高压或超高压交流线路和该线路两侧开关DL1、DL2之间，一端串联接入一台调节器，另一端接入一台功能合一变压器组。
图4是一条可控传输的双侧电源交流线路右侧串联接入调节器左侧接入功能合一变压器组的单线原理接线图(可控传输的双侧电源交流线路左侧串联接入调节器右侧接入功能合一变压器的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路设计同理)，电抗X、分布电容C及电抗器DK构成一条特高压或超高压交流线路，左侧两个变压器B1、B2与AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ1及其控制器KZQ1和快速接地开关JDL1构成了升压和调节器功能合一的变压器组，两个变压器B1、B2的一次侧绕组同极性串联后，一端接地，另一端与线路左侧连接并接入快速接地开关JDL1，两个一侧绕组的串接点再通过开关DL1与电网F1相连，变压器B1、B2的二次绕组反极性串联后接入电流源型调节器TJQ1及其控制器KZQ1；线路右侧开关DL2和线路右侧之间串联接入一台变压器B，变压器B的二次侧接入一套AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ2及其控制器KZQ2，变压器B一次绕组的线路侧接入快速接地开关JDL2，两组控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间通过遥讯通道channel统一协同控制，I1、I2为两侧线路的电流信号，U1、U2为装置取自两侧母线的电压信号，V1、V2为两端线路侧的电压信号，F1代表一个电压较低的电网、F2代表一个电压较高的电网。
一种双侧电源交流线路一端采用功能合一变压器组，另一端采用串联变压器构成的可控传输系统，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路的一端接入一套功能合一的变压器组，功能合一变压器组由两台变压器B1、B2组成，两台变压器B1、B2的一次绕组同极性串联，串联后一次绕组的一端接交流线路，并在线路端接入快速接地开关JDL1，串联后一次绕组的另一端接地，一次绕组的中间串接点通过开关DL1接于一侧电网F1侧，两台变压器B1、B2的二次绕组反极性串联，串联后的二次绕组两端接入一组AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ1，在双侧电源交流线路的另一端的线路开关DL2与线路之间 串联接入一台变压器B，在变压器B一次绕组的线路侧接入另一组快速接地开关JDL2，变压器B的二次绕组接入另一组AC-DC-AC型的电流源型调节器TJQ2，两组电流源型调节器TJQ1、TJQ2分别由控制器KZQ1、KZQ2控制，两组控制器KZQ1、KZQ2之间通过遥讯通道channel通信，线路另一端的线路开关DL2连接于另一侧电网F2。
上述双侧电源交流线路一侧串入功能合一变压器组，另一侧串联接入变压器构成的可控传输系统，其对线路进行递升加压，对线路进行负荷传输控制，对线路故障的控制方法与上述线路两端均串入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统相同，故不再冗述。
功能合一的变压器组所连接的交流线路，可以任意连接两个电压不同的电网，如图4中，左侧可以是330kv或750kv电网，线路及右侧电网可以是1000kv。或线路两侧均使用功能合一的变压器组时，如图3，一侧电网可以为330kv或750kv，另一侧可以为500kv，而连接所用的线路可以是1000kv线路，可以根据不同需要进行组合，连接不同电压等级的电网，功能合一变压器B1、B2的变比也根据所要变压的大小具体确定。
可控传输的交流线路均可以运行在热稳定，线路在热稳定运行时可以融化线路覆冰，实现线路的不停电融冰。现有交流线路发生覆冰时，大多依靠将线路停电后线路末端人工短接，首端加直流或交流进行短路升流融冰。
以上，通过附图叙述了中性点直接接地方式的电力交流线路可控传输的控制方法，对于中性点不接地、或中性点经消弧线圈接地的小电流接地系统的电力交流线路的可控传输控制方法相同，故不再冗述。
本发明所提供的可控传输的电力交流线路中，可控传输的双侧电源交流线路，提供了在线路两侧各串入一台串联变压器及其电流源型调节器的控制方法，通过对现有交流1000kv线路的仿真，其控制线路的长度可达700km。目前大多数1000kv交流线路的长度都在600km左右，在线路两侧串入电流源型调节器即可满足要求。对建设更长距离的交流线路，可以在线路两侧串联接入变压器和电流源型调节器的同时，再在线路中部串联接入一个或多个变压器及其电流源型调节器，输电距离可以随串联接入变压器及其电流源型控制器的个数而增加，故可控传输的交流线路也可不受输电距离的限制。实际应用中，由于交流线路组网容易，一般情况下没有必要追求更远的输电距离。
本发明的可控传输交流线路控制技术，适用于所有电压等级的交流线路。对于可控传输的单电源交流线路，以110kv高压线路而言，仅在线路出口串联接入变压器及其电流源型调节器的控制方案，其运行在热稳定情况下的输电距离可达200km以上，远远大于目前现有110kv线路供电半径的限制，如若需要提高其输电距离，也可在其线路中部增加电流源型调节器的串联个数。
现有技术形成的交流电网，经历了电压不断攀升的过程所形成的多层级电网结构，各级电压的线路又有供电半径的限制，使电力负荷潮流在多层级电网中多次来回流动。可控传输的交流线路，其输电距离没有限制，本发明为现有的多层级电网结构提供了研究其扁平化的可能。
本发明所提供的可控传输的交流线路及其控制方法，均已通过PSCAD/EMTDC软件的仿真验证。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种可控传输的双侧电源交流线路，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路两端开关(DL1、DL2)的线路侧各串联接入一台变压器(B)，两个串联变压器(B)的二次侧绕组各接入一套电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)，在两个串联变压器(B)一次绕组的线路侧各装设一组快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)，两个电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)由两台控制器(KZQ1、KZQ2)分别控制，两台控制器(KZQ1、KZQ2)之间通过遥讯通道(channel)通信。
  2. 一种权利要求1所述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路递升加压控制方法，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，在线路两端串联接入的变压器(B)二次侧电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)未工作，且线路侧快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)断开前提下，合上线路两侧开关(DL1、DL2)，通过串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)同时或任意一个电流源型调节器向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，如若线路有故障，加压过程异常，则停止充电电流输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，加压过程正常，则使充电电流加大到额定充电电流，使线路电压逐渐升高到额定电压。
  3. 一种权利要求1所述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路负荷传输控制方法，其特征是：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，
    当需要使线路传输负荷时，在线路两侧快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)断开及线路两侧出口串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)未工作的前提下，合上线路两侧开关(DL1、DL2)，通过在线路两侧出口串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，使线路处于负荷传输工作状态；或
    当需要可控传输的双侧电源交流线路停止负荷传输时，停止线路两侧电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)所输出的负荷电流，仅输出额定充电电流，使线路处于带压空载状态，或停止两侧电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)所输出的负荷电流和充电电流，使线路处于无压备用状态。
  4. 一种权利要求1所述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路实现快速同期并列的方法，其特征是：线路联结的两侧电网处于异步状态，在线路两端串联接入变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)未工作，且线路两侧快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)断开的情况下，合上两侧线路开关(DL1、DL2)，待线路连接的两侧电网之间的滑差小于规定值并当滑差过零点时，启动两组电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)向线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，将两侧电网拉入同步运行。
  5. 一种权利要求1所述的可控传输的双侧电源交流线路的故障处置方法：其特征是：线路处于传输负荷或带压备用状态下，
    当线路发生单相故障时，维持未故障相的正常运行，停止故障相电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)的输出，同时合上故障相线路两侧的快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容的电压放电完毕后，断开故障相线路两侧的快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)，再通过串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)向线路故障相注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故 障，若为永久故障，则停止电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)的三相输出，三相线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升至额定电压后，则通过电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)向线路故障相注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复三相线路的正常运行；或
    当线路发生两相或三相故障时，停止三相电流源调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)的输出，同时合上三相线路两侧的快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容的电压放电完毕后，再断开三相线路两侧的快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)，通过线路两端串联变压器二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)向三相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止三相电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)的输出将三相线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，则通过两组电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)向三相线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复三相线路的正常运行。
  6. 一种可控传输的单侧电源交流线路，其特征是：在单侧电源交流线路的电源侧开关(DL1)出口串联接入一台变压器(B)，在变压器（B)的二次侧接入一套电流源型调节器(TJQ)，电流源型调节器(TJQ)由一组控制器(KZQ)控制，在串联变压器(B)一次绕组的线路侧装设一组快速接地开关(JDL)。
  7. 一种权利要求6所述的可控传输的单侧电源交流线路递升加压控制方法，其特征是：断开线路末端开关(DL2)，断开线路侧快速接地开关(JDL)，合上线路首端开关(DL1)，通过串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ)向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，若线路有故障，升压过程异常，则停止充电电流的输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，升压过程正常，则加大充电电流到额定充电电流，使线路电压逐渐升高到额定电压。
  8. 一种权利要求6所述的可控传输的单侧电源交流线路的负荷控制方法：其特征是：线路侧的快速接地开关(JDL)处于断开状态，合上线路的首端开关(DL1)和末端开关(DL2)，通过串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ)向线路同时注入额定充电电流和负荷电流。
  9. 一种权利要求6所述的可控传输的单侧电源交流线路故障处置方法：其特征是：线路处于传输负荷状态下，
    当线路发生单相故障时，维持未故障相的正常运行，停止电流源型调节器(TJQ)故障相的电流输出，断开故障相线路末端开关(DL2)，同时合上故障相线路侧的快速接地开关(JDL)，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容的电压放电完毕后，断开故障相线路侧的快速接地开关(JDL)，再通过串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ)向故障相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止三相电流源型调节器(TJQ)输出，线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，合上故障相线路末端开关(DL2)，通过电流源型调节器(TJQ)向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复线路运行；或
    当线路发生两相或三相故障时，停止电流源型调节器(TJQ)三相的电流输出，断开三相线路末端开关(DL2)，同时合上三相线路侧的快速接地开关(JDL)，间隔一段时间使线路分布电容电压放电完毕后，断开三相线路侧的快速接地开关(JDL)，再通过串联变压器(B)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ)向三相线路注入部分充电电流递升加压，判断线路永久故障或瞬时故障，若为永久故障，则停止电流源型调 节器(TJQ)的三相电流输出，线路退出运行，若为瞬时故障且故障已经消失，升压额定后，合上线路末端开关(DL2)，通过电流源型调节器(TJQ)向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，恢复线路运行。
  10. 一种双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路的两端分别接入一套功能合一的变压器组，所述功能合一变压器组由两台变压器(B1、B2)组成，两台所述变压器(B1、B2)的一次绕组同极性串联后一端接交流线路，并在线路端接入快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)，串联后一次绕组的另一端接地，一次绕组的中间串接点通过开关(DL1、DL2)接于两侧电网(F1、F2)，两台所述变压器(B1、B2)的二次绕组反极性串联后两端各接入一组电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)，两组电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)由两组控制器(KZQ1、KZQ2)分别控制，两组控制器(KZQ1、KZQ2)之间通过遥讯通道(channel)通信。
  11. 一种权利要求10所述的双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统对线路进行递升加压的控制方法，其特征在于：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，在线路两侧功能合一变压器组(B1、B2)二次侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)未工作，且线路两侧出口快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)断开的情况下，先合上两组功能合一变压器组(B1、B2)与两侧电网母线之间开关(DL1、DL2)，再使系统两侧两组功能合一变压器组(B1、B2)的二次绕组中电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)同时或任一侧向线路注入部分充电电流并逐渐加大充电电流，若线路有故障，加压过程异常，则停止电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)的输出，将线路退出运行，若线路无故障，加压过程正常，则使电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)输出额定充电电流，使线路电压递升到额定电压。
  12. 一种权利要求10所述的双侧电源交流线路两端分别接入功能合一变压器组的可控传输系统进行负荷传输控制方法，其特征在于：线路两侧电网已经处于同步联结，
    当需要线路传输负荷时，在线路两侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)不工作，且线路两侧出口快速接地开关(JDL1、JDL2)断开的情况下，先合上线路两侧功能合一变压器组(B1、B2)的电网侧开关(DL1、DL2)，再使两侧电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)同时向线路注入额定充电电流和负荷电流，使线路工作于负荷传输工作状态；或
    当需要使线路停止负荷传输时，停止线路两侧电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)所输出的负荷电流，仅输出额定充电电流，使线路处于全压空载状态，或全部停止线路两侧的电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2)所输出的负荷电流和充电电流，使线路处于无压备用状态。
  13. 一种双侧电源交流线路一端采用功能合一变压器组，另一端采用串联变压器构成的可控传输系统，其特征是：在双侧电源交流线路的一端接入一套功能合一的变压器组，功能合一变压器组由两台变压器(B1、B2)组成，两台变压器(B1、B2)的一次绕组同极性串联，串联后一次绕组的一端接交流线路，并在线路端接入快速接地开关(JDL1)，串联后一次绕组的另一端接地，一次绕组的中间串接点通过开关(DL1)接于一侧电网(F1)，两台变压器(B1、B2)的二次绕组反极性串联，串联后的二次绕组两端接入一组电流源型调节器(TJQ1)；在双侧电源交流线路的另一端的线路开关(DL2)与线路之间串联接入一台变压器(B)，在变压器(B)一次绕组的线路侧接入另一组快速接地开关(JDL2)，变压器(B)的二次绕组接入另一组电流源型调节器(TJQ2)，两组电流源型调节器(TJQ1、TJQ2) 由两组控制器(KZQ1、KZQ2)分别控制，两组控制器(KZQ1、KZQ2)之间通过遥讯通道(channel)通信，线路另一端的线路开关(DL2)连接于另一侧电网(F2)。
PCT/CN2022/092946 2021-05-17 2022-05-16 一种可控传输电力交流线路及其控制方法 WO2022242583A1 (zh)

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