WO2022238608A1 - Cellule structurale et systèmes modulaires - Google Patents

Cellule structurale et systèmes modulaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022238608A1
WO2022238608A1 PCT/ES2022/070290 ES2022070290W WO2022238608A1 WO 2022238608 A1 WO2022238608 A1 WO 2022238608A1 ES 2022070290 W ES2022070290 W ES 2022070290W WO 2022238608 A1 WO2022238608 A1 WO 2022238608A1
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WO
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Prior art keywords
cell
structural
modular system
core
elasticity
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PCT/ES2022/070290
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Manuel GUAITA FERNÁNDEZ
María PORTELA BARRAL
José Antonio LORENZANA FERNÁNDEZ
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Universidade De Santiago De Compostela
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Application filed by Universidade De Santiago De Compostela filed Critical Universidade De Santiago De Compostela
Publication of WO2022238608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022238608A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material

Definitions

  • the invention refers to a structural cell and to modular systems made up of a plurality of said cells, preferably manufactured with ecological materials such as wood.
  • Document GB2418436 describes, in its part referring to the known state of the art, wooden beams formed by two cords arranged in parallel. Said cords are mechanically joined by means of a central core that has saw-tooth-shaped structures at both ends that penetrate complementary cavities located in the central part of the cords. Although these beams are effective in carrying loads, they do not have a particularly light structure.
  • the beams described in document GB2418436 are not designed to be interconnected in the form of modules to form walls or floors, but rather they need complementary elements to fulfill their function.
  • Document FR2944815 describes cellular elements formed by two lateral cords joined by two central elements arranged longitudinally and positioned slightly offset in front of the cords so as to form a cavity on one of the lateral faces of said cellular elements while on the opposite side opposite, the central element protrudes from the cords.
  • the shape of these cellular elements allows them to be connected to each other since the protruding part of a first element can be housed in the cavity of the next element, an operation that can be extended to a plurality of cellular elements so that in the end a prefabricated module is obtained.
  • the cellular elements described in FR2944815 can be connected in a horizontal or vertical position, forming walls for use in building construction.
  • the central elements of said cellular elements can be made of solid wood or be formed of a composite material.
  • FR2944815 Although the cellular elements of FR2944815 are very easy to connect, both each individual cellular element and the modules formed by said elements have a high weight. In addition, they do not provide good acoustic insulation, making it necessary to use layers of insulating material that increase the final thickness.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a structural cell comprising a first wooden cord having a first side located at a first end having a height htc11 and a second side at its opposite end having a height htc12, a third side with a width br11 and a fourth side opposite the third side with a width br12 a second wooden cord having a first side, located at a first end that has a height htt21 and a second side located at its opposite end that has a height htt22, a third side with a width br21 and a fourth side opposite the third side with a width br22 a first web with height h1 and width bw1, which is in contact with the first side of the first chord and with the first side of the second chord in such a way that the first chord and the second chord are mechanically joined through at least said first web and define an interior cavity delimited by the space located between the chords and the first web, standing or the cell characterized in that the first core is a wood fiber board with
  • the structural cell can comprise a second web of height h2 and width bw2 in contact with the second side of the first chord and with the second side of the second chord and in which the second web is a wood fiberboard with a density greater than 1000kg /m3 and less than 1300 kg/m3 and a thickness less than 8 mm.
  • any of the ratios br11+bw1+bw2/h1, br12+bw1+bw2/h1, br21+bw1+bw2/h1, br22+bw1+bw2/h1 is between 70/240 and 160/ 140.
  • At least one of the ratios br11+bw1+bw2/h2, br12+bw1+bw2/h2, br21+bw1+bw2/h2, br22+bw1+bw2/h2 is comprised between 70/ 240 and 160/140.
  • any of the ratios br11/htc11, br12/htc12, br21/htc21, br22/htc22 is between 57/50 and 147/30.
  • the weight of the cell of the invention can be less than 20% of the weight of a solid cell built with the same material as one of the cell cords. In this way, a lighter structural cell is achieved with the same mechanical properties.
  • one of the two heights (htc11, htc12) of the first bead is different from one of the two heights (htc21, htc22) of the second bead.
  • the heights htt21 , htt22 of the second bead can be greater than the heights htc11 , htc12 of the first bead so that the cell takes longer to burn out if it is subjected to fire.
  • At least a portion of the longitudinal ends (the longer ends of the web) of the first web are crenellated and the first side of the first chord and the first side of the second chord comprise complementary protrusions in the shape of battlement of the first soul.
  • the union between the cords and the core can be made without the need to add chemical adhesives.
  • the second web can also be joined to the first and second cords by means of this type of crenellated form.
  • At least one of the webs can be joined to the first chord and to the second chord by means of an adhesive.
  • one of the webs can be attached to the chords by means of adhesive while the second web can be joined by means of the aforementioned crenellated shapes.
  • the first core and the second core can be made from wood remains and the fibers that are part of the cores remain adhered to each other in the manufacturing process by means of the wood's own lignin without the need to add adhesive compounds. supplementary. That is, the wood fibers are joined without using chemical adhesives.
  • the boards that make up the first web and the second web are anisotropic so that they present a direction along which the board presents a lower resistance to cutting and the webs are obtained by cutting the boards in said direction. preference.
  • the remains of wood are crushed until obtaining wood fibers that are dissolved in water, which favors the arrangement of the fibers in a preferential direction and their
  • This toothed joint can be a joint according to the UNE EN 15497 standard and an adhesive can be used between the ends of the cords to be joined to increase the resistance of the joint.
  • the adhesive may be a structural adhesive.
  • a second aspect of the invention refers to a modular system formed by a plurality of C-shaped structural cells that comprise a first core, a first chord and a second chord, these C-shaped cells being attached to each other so that in On the side of the C-shaped cell where the first web is not arranged, the first web of the next C-shaped cell is placed.
  • This system can be used as a precast element in the construction of, for example, floor slabs, which saves construction time. building.
  • An adhesive preferably a structural adhesive, is placed between the free sides of the chords of a C-shaped structural cell and the first core of the succeeding structural cell in order to mechanically join one structural cell to the following structural cell.
  • the width of the modular system is preferably between 600 and 1200 mm, the width being the distance between the free ends of the modular system in a direction perpendicular to that in which the cords are arranged.
  • a third aspect of the invention refers to a modular system made up of cells with at least a first core and a second core and a first chord and a second chord in which the cells are placed parallel to each other, being the distance between their axes being preferably between 400 and 600 mm, so that said cells are joined by means of two additional boards that join together the third sides of the cells and that join together the fourth sides of the cells .
  • pockets are defined that are filled with thermal insulation or acoustic insulation.
  • the interior cavity located between the first and second cord and the souls of each of the cells that make up the modular system is placed with thermal insulation or acoustic insulation.
  • the placement of this insulation saves dimensions of additional elements that are necessary in the construction to achieve the desired thermal-acoustic insulation.
  • thermal or acoustic insulation can be wood fiber, cork or cellulose.
  • the two cords of each cell are made of wood of a different species or resistance class and in which one of the two cords is more resistant to compression and the other more resistant to traction.
  • the chord that receives the force from the upper structure generally tends to compress and the chord below to expand.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention refers to a modular system comprising a first structural cell comprising a first core and a second core, as well as a second C-shaped structural cell comprising a first core (it does not have a second core) of such that the first structural cell is located adjacent to the second C-shaped structural cell so that one side of each of the chords of the C-shaped cell is mechanically attached to one of the souls of the cell.
  • the second cords that are likely to be placed in the area closest to a possible fire, of each of the cells may have a height htt greater than the height htc of the first cord of each of the structural cells. This guarantees an effective section of wood that allows the required fire resistance to the structural element.
  • the cavity of each of the cells is filled with rock wool, the rock wool having a minimum density of 120Kg/m3.
  • the height h of the beads is between 35 and 50 mm, preferably between 35 and 45 mm.
  • the tensile/compression resistance of said cores and/or said boards is greater than 20 N/mm2, preferably greater than 20.4 N/mm2.
  • stiffening elements are arranged between the first and second chords with a width equal to the distance between the fourth sides of the chords and a height equal to the height of the chord with the lowest height in such a way that that the separation between two successive stiffeners is approximately 15 times greater than the length of the chord with the smallest depth.
  • the end stiffeners are proposed with a width between 200 and 250mm, the intermediate stiffeners have a width equal to the edge of the chord with the smallest edge.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention refers to a quality control system for a batch of boards used to manufacture the cores of any of the preceding claims.
  • the use of this system is optional and depends on manufacturing needs.
  • the system that includes the stages of:
  • Figure 1 shows a front section of a cell according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a chart of dimensional relationships of the structural cell.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the structural cell in its variant with webs without battlements.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective of the structural cell where two of the ends of the souls are provided with battlements.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a structure containing a number of structural cells according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a batch of boards.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the sawing of the boards and the sawing direction.
  • Figure 8 illustrates some possible dimensions of the boards.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the sawtooth shape, "finger-point", of one of the ends of a cord to be joined.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the union in the form of a sawtooth, "finger-point", of two consecutive slats forming a cord of a structural cell according to the invention.
  • FIG 11 illustrates a modular system, ETC Box according to the invention.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a different modular system from Figure 11, called ETC Frame.
  • Figure 13 illustrates the pressing direction of a stack of structural cells according to the invention in order to build a modular system.
  • Figure 14 illustrates different types of wood that can be used in the manufacture of cords.
  • Figure 15 illustrates different degrees of hardness for different types of wood.
  • Figure 16 is a graph of the axial stresses that appear at different points in a cell of the invention.
  • Figure 17 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the MOE and the MOEdin of a given number of boards.
  • Figure 18 is a graph of a device for measuring the speed of propagation of a mechanical wave on a board and its positioning with respect to a board.
  • Figure 19 is an illustration of a particularly fire resistant modular system according to the invention.
  • Figure 20 illustrates the way of arranging a series of stiffeners between the chords of a structural cell in order to facilitate the assembly of the structural cells.
  • the structural cell of the invention which, depending on its length (for example, in figures 2 and 3), can be used as a structural support as a beam, consists of a first cord (2), a second cord (3) and one or two cores.
  • Figures 1, 2, 3 illustrate two cores, but the cell of the invention can have only one core. This is the case for the C-shaped cells illustrated on the right side of Figure 11.
  • the first cord (2) shows a first side (4) located at a first end that has a height htc11 and a second side (5) at its opposite end that has a height htc12, a third side (6) at its upper end in the figures, with a width br11 and a fourth side (7), at its lower end according to the figures, with a width br12.
  • the second cord (2) shows a first side (4) located at a first end that has a height htc11 and a second side (5) at its opposite end that has a height htc12, a third side (6) at its upper end in the figures, with a width br11 and a fourth side (7), at its lower end according to the figures, with a width br12.
  • the second cord (2) shows a first side (4) located at a first end that has a height htc11 and a second side (5) at its opposite end that has a height htc12, a third side (6) at its upper end in the figures, with a
  • the 7 cord has a first side (8), located at a first end that has a height htt21 and a second (9) side located at its opposite end that has a height htt22, a third side (10), at its upper end according to the figures, with a width br21 and a fourth side, at its lower end according to the figures, opposite the third side and with a width br22.
  • the cell can contain one or two souls (11,13).
  • the first web (11, 13) has a height h1 and a width bw1 and is in contact with the first sides (4, 8) of the first chord (2) and second chord (3).
  • this core has a height h2 and a width bw2 and is in contact with the second sides (5, 9) of the first chord (2) and second chord (3). ), located at the opposite end of the cords (2,3) to the end where the first web (11) is in contact. In both cases, each of the webs (11, 13) is placed parallel to the chords as illustrated in figure 1.
  • chords Due to the union of the souls with the ends of the chords, the chords are mechanically joined together. It is possible to place an adhesive on the first and second ends of the strands before the core(s) come into contact with said strands so that the mechanical connection between the strands and the cores is mechanically more resistant, in particular more resistant to longitudinal displacement of the strand- soul.
  • the webs (11,13) have a thickness bw1 , bw2, which in the most usual case will be the same, and a density between 1000kg/m3 and 1300kg/m3.
  • the arrangement described above results in the formation of an interior cavity (12) delimited by the space located between the chords (2, 3) and the first core (11) or between the chords (2, 3) the first soul (11) and the second soul (13) in case the cell has two souls.
  • the thickness of the webs (11, 13) will be less than 8mm to ensure the flexibility of the cell, preferably less than 7mm and more preferably less than 6.5mm. In certain types of souls commonly used, the thickness of the souls will be between 6.3 and 6.4 mm.
  • the cells of the present invention are especially light, weighing up to 20% of what a solid cell occupying the same space would weigh.
  • the heights of the edges htc1, htc2, of the first bead do not have to be equal to the heights of the edges of the second bead htt1, htt2. This is especially advantageous in the event that one of the cordons is arranged close to a potential fire zone. In this case, the cord closest to said potential fire could be dimensioned with a greater height so that it would take longer to be consumed by the fire. The cell would contribute to increase the time available to evacuate the building where it was located before collapsing.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an embodiment in which the webs (11, 13) have a rectangular structure and are adhered to the sides (4, 5, 8, 9) located at the ends of the cords by means of an adhesive.
  • Figure 4 shows an embodiment in which the longitudinal ends (20, 21) of at least one of the webs (11, 13) have the shape of a battlement (23).
  • the first side (4) of the first cord (2) and the first side (8) of the second cord (3) comprise protrusions (22) complementary to the crenellated shape (23) of the longitudinal ends of the souls (11, 13).
  • the size of each of these crenellated teeth corresponds to the following dimensions: a height similar to the edge of the chord in which the connection is made and a tooth width greater than the edge of the tooth and less than twice the edge of the tooth .
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of cells (1) are placed in parallel in order to support a slab that is placed on top of it.
  • the boards from which the cores will later be obtained (11,13) are made on the basis of crushed wood remains.
  • This manufacturing process includes the stage of dissolving the wood fibers from said remains in water until obtaining wood fibers that are dissolved in water, which favors the arrangement of the fibers in a preferential direction, which gives the boards the property of be anisotropic, offering less resistance to shear in a preferential direction.
  • the cells (41) that contain only one core on the corresponding sides of both chords have a C shape.
  • the juxtaposition of a cell in C-shaped (41) with the next C-shaped cell (41) so that the free sides of the cords (2,3), opposite those in connection with the first core (11) of the first C-shaped cell C (41), and the first web (11) of the next C-shaped cell (41) are mechanically connected, this operation being repeated the desired number of times giving rise to a modular system.
  • each of the C-shaped cells (41) with the subsequent cell is reinforced by the use of adhesives between said free ends of the cords of the first C-shaped cell (41) and the first webs (11 ) of the next C-shaped cell (41). In this way, modules or modular systems can be achieved.
  • adhesives are preferably structural adhesives.
  • the width of these modular systems is the distance between the free ends of the modular system measured in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal one, which is the one in which the cords (2, 3) are arranged.
  • this width is preferably between 600 and 1200 mm.
  • these modules that can be built in a horizontal position are later placed in a vertical position.
  • pressure is exerted in said vertical direction in order to contribute to the adhesive placed so that the C-shaped cells (41) of the modular system are joined with greater resistance.
  • This operation is illustrated in figure 13, the arrows in this figure indicating the preferential direction of the pressure exerted by the press.
  • Resulting housings (44) between each pair of cells (1) and the supplementary boards (42, 43) that join them can be filled with thermal insulation or acoustic insulation.
  • insulation is advantageous because it prevents, when carrying out a construction, for example, in the construction of a building, the assembly of complementary structures whose main objective is thermal or acoustic insulation is necessary. In the case of these structures, they are necessary to achieve the necessary level of insulation, they will always be of smaller dimensions, which would facilitate assembly and reduce the volume of the built part of the building.
  • thermal or acoustic insulation It is possible to use different materials as thermal or acoustic insulation but, for the sake of a construction with recyclable ecological materials such as wood, wood fiber, cork or cellulose are preferentially chosen as material.
  • Woods that have been especially advantageous in the construction of cells and modular systems are Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata, Castanea sativa and Eucalyptus globulus.
  • Figure 16 illustrates maximum and minimum stress values resulting when a structural cell is subjected to a bending test.
  • chords of the cell Another way of designing the chords of the cell, and with it the structural cell to face the different types of stress, is to use a chord (2,3) of greater height than the other so that one of the chords has a greater surface area. normal than the other.
  • a graph (46) of the type shown in figure 17 is made.
  • the type of relationship between both modules for the boards used to build the souls of the invention is linear.
  • a regression is performed and the graph obtained is admitted only when the values of R2 are greater than 0.85, preferably greater. of 0.9 and optimally greater than 0.95.
  • the transmission speed is preferably measured in the longitudinal direction, which will normally be the cutting direction and the preferred alignment direction of the fibers of which the board is made. In some cases an additional measurement of the transmission speed of the wave in the direction perpendicular to this first direction is of interest. It should be noted that regardless of the transmission speed to calculate the MOEdin it is necessary to know the density of the board
  • the MOE For each board, it is verified if the MOE is within a certain range so that it can be known if the percentage of compliant boards, that is, the number of compliant boards with respect to the number of boards, is large enough to admit the batch. This percentage depends on the percentage of non-conforming cells that falls within what we can accept as admissible within our quality system. The choice of said percentages is a technique known in the state of the art and does not form part of the present invention.
  • Another aspect of special relevance is the fire resistance of the cell and modular systems of the invention.
  • a particularly advantageous modular system in terms of its fire resistance is the one illustrated in figure 19.
  • the system is made up of a cell made up of two chords (2, 3) and two webs (11, 13) located (11, 13) next to a C-shaped structural cell (41) formed by two chords (2 , 3) and a core (11) that is arranged on the corresponding sides of the chords.
  • this modular system contains a first cavity
  • the second cords (3) of this modular system that are likely to be placed closer to a possible fire have a height htt that is greater than the height htc of the first cords (2).
  • the first and second cavities are preferably filled with rock wool insulation with a minimum density of 120kg/m3.
  • the second strands (3) of the structural cells that together form the modular system are the first to begin to burn.
  • first and second cavities are filled with rock wool increases the required fire resistance of this modular system.
  • this modular system takes longer to burn out than a traditional system contributes to the fact that in the event of a fire, for example, in a building, the people inside it can evacuate before the building structure collapses.
  • a possible embodiment of this system would achieve a fire resistance of R30 with a width of 140mm.
  • the words first, second, third, etc. have been used to describe different devices or elements; it should be considered that the devices or elements are not limited by these words since these words have only been used to distinguish one device or element from another.
  • the first device might have been named second device, and the second device might have been named first device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)

Abstract

La cellule de construction (1) comprend une première membrure (2) de bois et une seconde membrure (3) de bois. La première membrure (2) présente un premier côté (4) situé à une première extrémité qui présente une hauteur, htc11 et un deuxième côté (5) à son extrémité opposée qui présente une hauteur htc12, un troisième côté d'une largeur br11 et un quatrième côté opposé au troisième côté d'une largeur br12. La seconde membrure présente un premier côté (8), situé à une première extrémité qui présente une hauteur htt2 et un deuxième côté (9) situé à son extrémité opposée qui présente une hauteur htt22, un troisième côté d'une largeur br21 et un quatrième côté opposé au troisième côté (10) d'une largeur br22. La cellule (1) comprend en outre au moins une première âme (11) de hauteur h1 et largeur bw1, qui est en contact avec le premier côté (4) de la première membrure (2) et avec le premier côté (8) de la seconde membrure (3) de sorte que la première membrure (2) et la seconde membrure (3) sont reliées mécaniquement par l'intermédiaire d'au moins ladite première âme (11) et définissent une cavité intérieure (12) délimitée par l'espace situé entre les membrures (2, 3) et la première âme (11). La première âme (11) présente un tablier de fibres de bois présentant une densité moyenne supérieure à 1000 kg/m3 et inférieure à 1300 kg/m3 et une épaisseur de 8 mm.
PCT/ES2022/070290 2021-05-11 2022-05-11 Cellule structurale et systèmes modulaires WO2022238608A1 (fr)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB914954A (fr) *
JPS56126002A (en) * 1980-03-06 1981-10-02 Kawasaki Steel Corp Rolling method for asymmetric steel shape
DE3017332A1 (de) * 1980-05-06 1981-11-12 Masonite AB, Rundviksverken Bauelement, insbesondere dachbauelement
JPS5945139A (ja) * 1982-09-06 1984-03-13 Noda Plywood Mfg Co Ltd 多孔質フアイバ−ボ−ド及びその製造方法
FR2570740A1 (fr) * 1984-09-21 1986-03-28 Latappy Pierre Poutrelles en bois colle a ame mince
US5625996A (en) * 1995-08-28 1997-05-06 Bechtel; Friend K. Fire resistant wood box beam
US6012262A (en) * 1996-03-14 2000-01-11 Trus Joist Macmillan Built-up I-beam with laminated flange

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB914954A (fr) *
JPS56126002A (en) * 1980-03-06 1981-10-02 Kawasaki Steel Corp Rolling method for asymmetric steel shape
DE3017332A1 (de) * 1980-05-06 1981-11-12 Masonite AB, Rundviksverken Bauelement, insbesondere dachbauelement
JPS5945139A (ja) * 1982-09-06 1984-03-13 Noda Plywood Mfg Co Ltd 多孔質フアイバ−ボ−ド及びその製造方法
FR2570740A1 (fr) * 1984-09-21 1986-03-28 Latappy Pierre Poutrelles en bois colle a ame mince
US5625996A (en) * 1995-08-28 1997-05-06 Bechtel; Friend K. Fire resistant wood box beam
US6012262A (en) * 1996-03-14 2000-01-11 Trus Joist Macmillan Built-up I-beam with laminated flange

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MADERAS, CIENCIA AND TECNOLOGIA, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://web.archive.or2/web/20200321231032/https://scielo.conicvt.cl/pdf/maderas/v8n3/art04.pdf> [retrieved on 20200321] *

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