WO2022237792A1 - 一种光伏蓄能电站 - Google Patents

一种光伏蓄能电站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022237792A1
WO2022237792A1 PCT/CN2022/092018 CN2022092018W WO2022237792A1 WO 2022237792 A1 WO2022237792 A1 WO 2022237792A1 CN 2022092018 W CN2022092018 W CN 2022092018W WO 2022237792 A1 WO2022237792 A1 WO 2022237792A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
heat
water
air
storage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/092018
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王全龄
王淼弘
Original Assignee
王全龄
王淼弘
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 王全龄, 王淼弘 filed Critical 王全龄
Publication of WO2022237792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022237792A1/zh
Priority to US18/505,904 priority Critical patent/US20240079903A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/30—Arrangement or mounting of heat-exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0078—Heat exchanger arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0065—Details, e.g. particular heat storage tanks, auxiliary members within tanks
    • F28D2020/0082—Multiple tanks arrangements, e.g. adjacent tanks, tank in tank
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of green energy power generation and energy storage equipment, in particular to a photovoltaic energy storage power station.
  • Photovoltaic and wind power generation have two characteristics: one is the randomness of output; the other is the characteristic of reverse peak regulation. In other words, the size of photovoltaic and wind power generation is out of control, sometimes large and sometimes small. And it is often not enough when the electricity is used, and it explodes when the electricity is not used. For example, there is often no wind at noon. However, when it is necessary to rest in the early morning, due to the strong wind, there will be excess wind power. Photovoltaic power generation also has a similar problem. When the power consumption of the factory peaks in the morning or afternoon during the day, due to insufficient sunlight, photovoltaic power generation is small. When the sun is sufficient at noon, the factory does not use electricity at all during lunch breaks.
  • Green energy power generation is inseparable from batteries.
  • battery explosion accidents occur frequently.
  • Large-scale distribution of energy storage in the city is a major issue for the government in terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, but there are also major security risks.
  • the storage battery is distributed and stored in the whole container and placed on the user side in the downtown area, just like a giant bomb If it is placed among the crowd, there may be a hidden danger of explosion at any time. Because the current battery energy storage technology has not passed the test in the world, the world is exploring and applying it. Painful lessons call for cutting-edge technology to develop safe and reliable energy storage batteries, but also look forward to the research and development of safe and reliable energy storage alternative technologies, which are in front of global scientific and technological workers.
  • the valley power household energy storage not only solves the problem of grid-connected utilization of wind and photovoltaic power generation, but also provides users with a cold source for refrigeration and air conditioning, as well as sales of heat energy for heating and heating, becoming a one-stop development model.
  • This photovoltaic energy storage power station is an innovation that integrates upstream photovoltaic power generation and energy storage, downstream sales energy, eliminates the hidden danger of battery explosion, eliminates the pain point of the grid's reluctance to accept new energy power, and taps the potential of new energy power generation.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a photovoltaic energy storage power station, which can solve the problem of poor electricity storage safety in the prior art
  • This application provides a photovoltaic energy storage power station, including wind, photovoltaic power grid 1, and electric energy storage device 2;
  • the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 generates electricity through wind and photovoltaics and is incorporated into the public power grid system;
  • the input end of the electric energy storage device 2 is connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1, and the electric energy storage device 2 is used to absorb the electric energy of the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 as required, and store the electric energy in the form of energy storage.
  • the output terminal of the electric energy storage device 2 supplies the stored energy to the user.
  • the photovoltaic energy storage power station further includes a heating and air-conditioning system 4, a charging pile 5, lighting and/or a load 6;
  • the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 is connected to the charging pile 5 and the input end of the lighting and/or load 6;
  • the output end of the electric energy storage device 2 is connected to the input end of the heating and air conditioning system 4;
  • the heating and air conditioning system 4 includes a heating system, a domestic hot water system, and a bathing system;
  • the charging pile 5 includes charging piles for new energy vehicles and electric vehicles
  • the lighting and/or load 6 includes indoor and outdoor lighting systems and power system terminals.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 includes a phase change heat storage device 7;
  • the phase change heat storage device 7 includes a phase change heat storage material 8, at least one set of electric heating devices 9, 10, 11, and a heating coil heat exchanger 15;
  • the phase change heat storage device 7 stores the phase change heat storage material 8, the electric heating devices 9, 10, 11 are immersed in the phase change heat storage material 8, and the electric heating devices 9, 10,
  • the power interface A, B, and C of 11 are connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1;
  • the heating coil heat exchanger 15 is immersed in the phase change heat storage material 8, and the coil heat exchanger interfaces 16, 17 of the heating coil heat exchanger 15 are connected to the heating, heating and air conditioning system 4 connected.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 includes a sensible heat storage device 18;
  • the sensible heat storage device 18 includes a sensible heat storage material 19, at least one set of electric heating devices 20, 21, 22, and a heating coil heat exchanger 23;
  • the electric heating devices 20, 21, 22 are immersed in the sensible heat storage material 19, and the power interfaces A, B, and C of the electric heating devices 20, 21, 22 are connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1;
  • the heating coil heat exchanger 23 is immersed in the sensible heat storage material 19, and the coil heat exchanger interfaces 24, 25 of the heating coil heat exchanger 19 are connected to the user-side heating and domestic hot water. The interface is connected.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 includes a sensible heat storage tank 26, a sensible heat storage material 27, at least one set of electric heating devices 28, 29, 30, and a heating coil heat exchanger 31 ;
  • the electric heating devices 28, 29, 30 are immersed in the sensible heat storage material 27, and the power interfaces A, B, and C of the electric heating devices 28, 29, 30 are connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1;
  • the heating coil heat exchanger 31 is immersed in the sensible heat storage material 27, and the coil heat exchanger interfaces 32 and 33 of the heating coil heat exchanger 31 are connected with the heating, heating and air conditioning system 4. connect.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 further includes a phase change heat storage device 7, an organic salt 57, heat transfer oil or an organic solution 58, water 59, a sensible heat storage buffer device 34, a sensible heat storage Output device 43, coupling circulation expansion tank 41, coupling circulation pump 42, air conditioning output circulation pump 52, the heating and air conditioning system 4;
  • the phase change thermal storage device 7 includes molten salt 57, electric heating devices 9, 10, 11, and a heating coil heat exchanger 15, and the electric heating devices 9, 10, 11 are immersed in the molten salt 57, so The heating coil heat exchanger 15 is immersed in the molten salt 57;
  • the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 includes the heat transfer oil 58, the input coil heat exchanger 35, and the output coil heat exchanger 38, the input coil heat exchanger 35 is soaked in the heat transfer oil 58, and the output The coil heat exchanger 38 is immersed in the heat transfer oil 57;
  • the sensible heat storage output device 43 includes the water 59, the input coil heat exchanger 44, and the output coil heat exchanger 47.
  • the input coil heat exchanger 44 is soaked in the water 58, and the output The coil heat exchanger 47 is immersed in water 58;
  • One end of the heating coil heat exchanger 15 of the phase change heat storage device 7 is connected to one end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 through the heating coil heat exchanger interface 16, and the other end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 is One end is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 35 of the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 36, and the input coil heat exchange of the sensible heat storage buffer device 34
  • the other end of the device 35 is connected to one end of the coupled circulation pump 42 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 37, and the other end of the coupled circulation pump 42 is connected to the heat supply coil through the heat supply coil heat exchanger interface 17.
  • the other end of the coil heat exchanger 15 is connected, and one end of the output coil heat exchanger 38 is connected with one end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 through the output coil heat exchanger interface 39.
  • the other end of the circulating expansion tank 41 is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 of the sensible heat storage output device 43 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 45, and the input coil heat exchanger 44
  • the other end of the coupling circulation pump 42 is connected to one end of the coupling circulation pump 42 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 46, and the other end of the coupling circulation pump 42 exchanges heat with the output coil through the output coil heat exchanger interface 40
  • One end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the sensible heat storage output device 43 is respectively connected to one end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 through the output coil heat exchanger interface 48.
  • the other end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the sensible heat storage output tank 43 is connected to the other end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 through an output circulation pump 52 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 further includes a sensible heat storage device 18, heat transfer oil 58, water 59, a sensible heat storage buffer device 34, a sensible heat storage output device 43, a coupled cycle expansion Tank 41, coupling circulation pump 42, air conditioning output circulation pump 52, the heating and air conditioning system 4;
  • One end of the heating coil heat exchanger 23 of the sensible heat storage device 18 is connected to one end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 through the heating coil heat exchanger interface 24, and the other end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 Connect to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 35 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 36, and the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 35 is connected to the coupling circulation pump 42 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 37
  • One end of the coupling circulation pump 42 is connected to the other end of the heating coil heat exchanger 23 through the heating coil heat exchanger interface 25;
  • One end of the output coil heat exchanger 38 of the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 is connected to one end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 through the output coil heat exchanger interface 39, and the other end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 One end is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 of the sensible heat storage output device 43 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 45, and the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 is connected through the input coil
  • the tube heat exchanger interface 46 is connected to one end of the coupling circulation pump 42, and the other end of the coupling circulation pump 42 is connected to the other end of the output coil heat exchanger 38 through the output coil heat exchanger interface 40,
  • One end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the sensible heat storage output device 43 is connected to one end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 through an output coil heat exchanger interface 48, and the sensible heat storage
  • the other end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the output tank 43 is connected to the other end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 through an output circulation pump 52 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 further includes a sensible heat storage device 26, water 59, a sensible heat storage output device 43, a coupling cycle expansion tank 50, a coupling cycle pump 51, and an air conditioner output cycle pump 52.
  • a sensible heat storage device 26 water 59
  • a sensible heat storage output device 43 water 59
  • a coupling cycle expansion tank 50 water 59
  • a coupling cycle pump 51 coupling cycle pump 51
  • an air conditioner output cycle pump 52 an air conditioner output cycle pump 52.
  • One end of the heating coil heat exchanger 31 of the sensible heat storage device 26 is connected to one end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 50 through the heating coil heat exchanger interface 32, and the coupled cycle expansion tank 50 The other end is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 of the sensible heat storage output tank 43 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 45, and the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 passes through the input coil heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger interface 46 is connected to one end of the coupling circulation pump 51, and the other end of the coupling circulation pump 51 is connected to the other end of the heating coil heat exchanger 31 via the heating coil heat exchanger interface 33. connected;
  • One end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the sensible heat storage output device 43 is connected to one end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 through an output coil heat exchanger interface 48, and the sensible heat storage
  • the other end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the output tank 43 is connected to the other end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 through an output circulation pump 52 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes a phase change liquid-air cold storage system
  • the phase change liquid-air cold storage system includes an air compressor 63, an air storage tank 66, a heat exchange device 69, a heat exchanger 71, an expander 81, a liquid-air storage tank 84, an inner storage tank 85, and a liquid-air storage tank 88;
  • the input end of the air compressor 63 communicates with the air
  • the output end of the air compressor 63 is connected to the input end of the air storage tank 66
  • the output end of the air storage tank 66 is divided into two ways to connect with subsequent equipment.
  • One path is connected to one end of the first heat exchange side 72 of the heat exchanger 71 in the heat exchange device 69, and the other end of the first heat exchange side 72 is connected to the liquid-empty storage tank 84,
  • Its second path is connected to one end of the second heat exchange side 73 of the heat exchanger 71 in the heat exchange device 69, and the other end of the second heat exchange side 73 of the heat exchanger 71 is connected to the expansion
  • the input end of the expansion machine 81 is connected, the output end of the expansion machine 81 is connected with one end of the third heat exchange side 74 of the heat exchanger 71, and the third heat exchange side of the heat exchanger 71 in the heat exchange device 69
  • the other end of the hot side 74 is connected to the input
  • the phase change liquid-air cold storage system further includes a heat preservation water tank 90, a liquid-air release heat exchanger 92, chilled water 94, an air discharge port 93, an air-conditioning output circulation pump 52, and a heating and air-conditioning system 4;
  • the chilled water 94 is arranged in the heat preservation water tank 90, the liquid air release heat exchanger 92 is arranged and soaked in the chilled water 94, and one end of the liquid air release heat exchanger 92 passes through a throttle valve 89 It communicates with the liquid air 88 in the inner storage tank 85 of the liquid air storage tank 84, and one end of the liquid air release heat exchanger 92 communicates with the air discharge port 93;
  • One end of the air conditioner output circulation pump 52 is connected to the heat preservation water tank 90 and communicated with the chilled water 94, and the other end of the air conditioner output circulation pump 52 is connected to one end of the heating and air conditioning system 4 respectively.
  • the other end of the heating and air-conditioning system 4 is connected to the thermal insulation water tank 90 and communicated with the chilled water 94 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 further includes an ice storage system
  • the ice cold storage system includes a refrigeration unit 95, a cooling tower 104, refrigerant circulation pumps 114-1, 114-2, an ice storage tank 141, an ice-melting frozen water storage tank 207, a cooling water circulation pump 103, an air conditioner output circulation pump 52, Heating and air conditioning system 4;
  • the refrigeration unit 95 includes a refrigeration compressor 96, a condenser 97, an expansion valve 102, and an evaporator 100;
  • the cooling tower 104 includes a tower fan 105, a spray device 106, an air inlet 107, and cooling water 230.
  • the tower fan 105 is arranged above the spray device 106, and the spray device 106 is arranged on the Between the tower fan 105 and the air inlet 107, the air inlet 107 is arranged on the upper part of the liquid surface of the cooling water 230, and the cooling water 230 is arranged on the lower part of the cooling tower 104;
  • the ice storage tank 141 includes an ice storage refrigerant heat exchange coil 144, an ice melting heat exchange coil 146, an ice storage refrigerant circulation tank 112-1, and a refrigerant 113-1, and the refrigerant 113-1 is antifreeze;
  • the ice-melting frozen water storage tank 207 includes a primary heat exchange side 209, a secondary heat exchange side 210, an ice-melting circulation tank 112-2, and a refrigerant 113-2, and the refrigerant 113-2 is antifreeze;
  • the discharge end of the refrigeration compressor 96 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 98 of the condenser 97 , and the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 98 of the condenser 97 is connected to the evaporator 100 through the expansion valve 102
  • One end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 102, the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 102 of the evaporator 100 is connected to the suction end of the refrigeration compressor 96, and one end of the water heat exchange side 99 of the condenser 97 is connected to
  • the spraying device 106 is connected, and the other end of the water heat exchange side 99 of the condenser 97 is connected with the cooling tower 104 through the cooling water circulation pump 103, and is connected with the cooling water 230 in the cooling tower 104.
  • One end of the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 is connected to one end of the ice storage refrigerant circulation tank 112-1 and communicated with the refrigerant 113-1.
  • the ice storage refrigerant circulation tank 112-1 The other end is connected to one end of the ice storage refrigerant heat exchange coil 144, and the other end of the ice storage refrigerant heat exchange coil 144 is connected to the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 through the refrigerant circulation pump 114-1.
  • the other end is connected, and one end of the ice-melting heat exchange coil 146 is connected to one end of the primary heat exchange side 209 of the ice-melting chilled water storage tank 207 through the ice-melting circulation tank 112-2, and is connected with the refrigerant 113 -2 communication, the other end of the primary heat exchange side 209 of the ice-melting and freezing water storage tank 207 is connected to the other end of the ice-melting heat exchange coil 146 through the refrigerant circulation pump 114-2, and the ice-melting and freezing water
  • One end of the secondary heat exchange side 210 of the storage tank 207 is respectively connected to one end of the heating, heating and air-conditioning system 4, and the other end of the heating, heating and air-conditioning system 4 is connected to the ice-melting and freezing water through the air-conditioning output circulation pump 52.
  • the other end of the secondary heat exchange side 210 of the storage tank 207 is connected.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes an organic solution cold storage system
  • the heat pump organic solution cold storage system includes a refrigeration unit 95, a cooling tower 104, an organic solution storage tank 231, and a sodium formate solution 232;
  • One end of the first heat exchange side 233 in the organic solution storage tank 231 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 through the coupling circulation tank 41, and the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 is The other end is connected to the other end of the first heat exchange side 233 in the organic solution storage tank 231 through the coupling circulation pump 42, and one end of the second heat exchange side 234 in the organic solution storage tank 231 is respectively output by the air conditioner circulation pump 52 is connected to one end of the heating, heating and air-conditioning system 4 , and the other end of the heating, heating and air-conditioning system 4 is connected to the other end of the second heat exchange side 234 in the organic solution storage tank 231 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes a heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system
  • the heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system includes a water source heat pump unit 117, an energy tower 147, an energy storage tank 239, an air conditioner output circulation pump 52, and a heating and heating air conditioning system 4;
  • the water source heat pump unit 117 includes a refrigeration compressor 118, a condensation/evaporator 119, an expansion valve 122, an evaporation/condenser 133, and a four-way reversing valve 123;
  • the energy tower 147 includes a tower fan 150, a spray device 149, an air inlet 151, and antifreeze/water 148;
  • the energy storage tank 239 includes a coil primary heat exchanger 240, a coil secondary heat exchanger 241, and energy storage water 243;
  • One end of the coil primary heat exchanger 240 in the energy storage tank 239 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the condenser/evaporator 119 through the coupling circulation tank 112 ,
  • the other end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the condensing/evaporator 119 is connected to the other end of the coil primary heat exchanger 240 in the energy storage tank 239 through a coupling circulation pump 114, and the water source heat pump unit 117
  • the exhaust gas of the refrigeration compressor 118 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 through the four-way reversing valve interface 124 through the four-way reversing valve 128 and the four-way reversing valve interface 125.
  • the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 134 of the evaporator/condenser 133 through an expansion valve 122, and the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 134 of the evaporator/condenser 133 is One end is connected to the suction end of the refrigeration compressor 118 through the four-way reversing valve interface 129 and the four-way reversing valve interface 126 through the four-way reversing valve interface 127, and the water heat exchange side 135 of the evaporator/condenser 133 One end is connected with the spray device 149 of the energy tower 147, the other end of the water heat exchange side 135 of the evaporator/condenser 133 is connected with the energy tower 147 through the water source circulation pump 136, and is connected with the energy tower 147
  • the antifreeze/water 148 inside is communicated.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes a closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system
  • the closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system also includes a closed air energy tower 154 and a spray pump 162;
  • the closed energy energy tower 154 includes a tower spray pump 162, at least one set of coil heat exchangers 155, a spray device 157, and antifreeze/water 165;
  • the bottom of the closed energy energy tower 154 is equipped with the antifreeze/water storage tank 164, and one end of the tower spray pump 162 is connected with the antifreeze/water storage tank 164 and communicated with the antifreeze/water 165, The other end of the tower spray pump 162 is connected with the spray device 157, and communicates with the liquid or water 159 in the spray device 157;
  • the closed tower fan 158 is arranged above the spraying device 157, and the spraying device 158 is arranged below the closed tower fan 158 and above the coil heat exchanger 155.
  • the bottom of the coil heat exchanger 155 is arranged on the upper part of the antifreeze/water storage tank 164, and is arranged above the liquid level of the antifreeze/water 165, and the air can only pass through the coil heat exchanger 155.
  • the outer surface enters the closed energy tower 154 horizontally, and is discharged out of the closed empty energy tower 154 by the closed tower fan 158 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes a closed tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system
  • the closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system also includes a closed energy tower 171 and a spray pump 162;
  • Described closed energy energy tower 171 comprises tower spray pump 162, antifreeze/water storage tank 164, coil heat exchanger 172, spray device 157, closed tower fan 158, tower packing 173;
  • the bottom of the closed air energy tower 171 is equipped with the antifreeze/water storage tank 164, and one end of the tower spray pump 162 is connected with the antifreeze/water storage tank 164 and communicated with the antifreeze/water 165.
  • the other end of the tower spray pump 162 is connected with the spray device 157, and communicates with the antifreeze/water 159 in the spray device 121,
  • the closed tower fan 158 is arranged on the upper part of the spray device 157, and the spray device 157 is arranged between the closed tower fan 158 and the coil heat exchanger 172, and is arranged on the Above the coil heat exchanger 172, the lower part of the coil heat exchanger 172 is arranged on the upper part of the tower packing 173, and the lower part of the tower packing 173 is arranged on the upper part of the antifreeze/water storage tank 164 , and arranged above the antifreeze/water 165 liquid level, and the air can only enter the closed air energy tower 171 horizontally through the tower packing 173, and pass through the closed tower fan 158 through the coil heat exchanger 172
  • the fan discharges the closed air energy tower 171, and the lower part of the tower filler 173 is arranged on the upper part of the antifreeze/water storage tank 164 and above the liquid level of the antifreeze/water 165.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes a primary heat exchange closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system;
  • the primary heat exchange closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system includes a heat pump unit 246 and a gas-liquid separator 243;
  • the air inlet port 244 of the gas-liquid separator 243 of the heat pump unit 246 is connected to the four-way reversing valve port 126, and the exhaust port 245 of the gas-liquid separator 243 is connected to the suction port of the refrigeration compressor 118.
  • the four-way reversing valve interface 127 is connected to one end of the coil heat exchanger 155, and the other end of the coil heat exchanger 155 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 through the expansion valve 122
  • the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condensing/evaporator 119 is connected with the four-way reversing valve interface 125 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 also includes a primary heat exchange closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system;
  • the primary heat exchange closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system includes a heat pump unit 246 and a gas-liquid separator 243;
  • One end of the coil heat exchanger 172 is connected to the four-way reversing valve interface 127, and the other end of the coil heat exchanger 172 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 through the expansion valve 122 , the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condensing/evaporator 119 is connected to the four-way reversing valve interface 125 .
  • a second heat pump unit 248 is also included;
  • the second-stage air conditioner unit 248 includes a second compressor 251 , a condenser 252 , a second expansion valve 255 , an evaporator 256 , and single-stage and double-stage switching valves 249 , 250 , 259 , 260 , 261 , and 262 .
  • One end of the single-stage and double-stage switching valve 250 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the condensation/evaporator 119 of the heat pump unit 117 and one end of the single-stage and double-stage switching valve 260 respectively, and the condensation of the heat pump unit 117
  • the other end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the evaporator 119 is respectively connected to one end of the single and double stage conversion valve 249 and one end of the single and double stage conversion valve 261, and the other end of the single and double stage conversion valve 250
  • the output circulating pump 114 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 258 of the evaporator 256 of the second-stage air-conditioning unit 248, and the other end of the water heat-exchange side 258 of the evaporator 256 of the second-stage air-conditioning unit 248 is connected to the The other end of the single-stage and double-stage switching valve 249 is connected, and one end of the heat exchange side 257 on the refrigerant side of the evaporator
  • it includes the configuration of the overall machine room 263, the refrigeration unit 95, the heat pump unit 117, the heat pump unit 246, the second-stage air conditioner unit 248, the configuration of the power distribution device 194, the detection and automatic control device 196, the remote monitoring device 198, and the cooling tower 104 , energy tower 147, closed energy tower 154, closed energy tower 171;
  • the heat pump unit 117, refrigeration unit 95, heat pump unit 246, second-stage air conditioner unit 248, power distribution device 194, automatic detection and control device 196, and remote monitoring device 198 are all arranged in the overall machine room 263 and manufactured by the factory as a whole. ;
  • the power distribution device 194 includes a power distribution cabinet 197, and the input terminals of the power distribution cabinet 197 are connected to the three-phase electricity A, B, and C of the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 through power interfaces 190, 191, 192, and 193.
  • the output end of the power distribution cabinet 197 is connected to the power input end of the electrical equipment in the overall machine room 263;
  • the detection automatic control device 196 includes a detection and/or automatic control cabinet 197, and the detection and/or automatic control cabinet 197 is connected with the required detection and control equipment end in the overall machine room 263;
  • the remote monitoring device 198 includes a mobile communication 3G or 4G or 5G or wireless local area network remote monitoring device 199, and the mobile communication 3G or 4G or 5G or wireless local area network remote monitoring device 199 is compatible with the detection and/or automatic
  • the control cabinet 197 is connected;
  • the cooling tower 104 or the energy tower 147 or the closed energy tower 154 or the closed energy tower 171 is arranged on one side of the integral machine room 263 or on the top of the integral machine room 263, and is assembled and manufactured by the factory as a whole.
  • the capacity of a photovoltaic energy storage power station of this application can be large or small to meet the needs of wind and photovoltaic power generation scale, and it is absolutely safe and can be fully replicated. Large-scale promotion and application can fully absorb the installed capacity of wind and photovoltaic power generation;
  • a photovoltaic energy storage power station of this application can not only solve the pain point of wind and solar power generation consumption, but also solve the problem of thermal power generation night valley point absorption, which has great social significance.
  • a photovoltaic energy storage power station of this application can not only store heat, but also store cold, and directly supply users with heating and domestic hot water, as well as chilled water for air conditioning, and even refrigerant for cold storage, especially in the south where long-term refrigeration and air conditioning are needed and in my country The north needs heating and heating areas, and its commercial profit effect is huge.
  • a photovoltaic energy storage power station of this application will completely rewrite the history that wind power and photovoltaic power will no longer be regarded as garbage power because of the problem of energy storage.
  • This application will create a safe energy storage technology and equipment foundation for human beings to vigorously develop green energy, especially wind and photovoltaic power generation.
  • a photovoltaic energy storage power station of this application can be adapted to household distributed light storage and charging systems, especially by using heat pumps for cold storage and heat storage.
  • the energy efficiency ratio of cold storage can reach 4-5; Achieve an energy efficiency ratio of 2 to 3, and in North China, an energy efficiency ratio of about 3 to 4 can be achieved for energy sales.
  • the energy stored in the battery is then returned to the electricity sales process, and the energy efficiency is estimated to be around 0.6 to 0.8, plus the loss, for electricity sales. Therefore, the economic benefit of heat pump energy storage is far greater than the value of battery energy storage.
  • Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage dual-unit integrated machine room energy tower heat pump air-conditioning system of the present application.
  • Accompanying drawing 19 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage integral machine room type energy tower heat pump air conditioning system embodiment
  • Phase change heat storage device 8. Phase change storage Thermal material, 9, electric heating tube, 10, electric heating tube, 11, electric heating tube, 12, electric heating tube, 13, electric heating tube, 14, electric heating tube, 15, heating coil heat exchanger, 16 , Coil heat exchanger interface, 17, Coil heat exchanger interface, 18, Sensible heat storage device, 19, Sensible heat storage material, 20, Electric heating tube, 21, Electric heating tube, 22, Electric heating tube , 23, heating coil heat exchanger, 24, coil heat exchanger interface, 25, coil heat exchanger interface, 26, sensible heat storage tank, 27, sensible heat storage material, 28, electric heating tube , 29, electric heating tube, 30, electric heating tube, 31, heating coil heat exchanger, 32, coil heat exchanger interface, 33, coil heat exchanger interface, 34, sensible heat storage buffer device, 35.
  • Empty release heat exchanger 93, air discharge port, 94 chilled water, 95, refrigeration unit, 96, refrigeration compressor, 97, condenser, 98, refrigerant heat exchange side, 99, water heat exchange side, 100, evaporation Device, 101, water heat exchange side, 102, expansion valve, 103, cooling water circulation pump, 104, cooling tower, 105, tower fan, 106, spraying device, 107, air inlet, 109, interface, 110, unit interface, 112.
  • Coupling circulation tank 112-1, Ice storage refrigerant circulation tank, 112-2, Ice storage refrigerant circulation tank, 113-1, Refrigerant, 113-2, Refrigerant, 114, Coupling circulation pump, 114-1, Refrigerant circulation Pump, 114-2, Refrigerant circulation pump, 115 Coil connection, 116, Tower spray pump, 117, Water source heat pump unit, 118, Refrigeration compressor, 119, Condenser/evaporator, 120, Water heat exchange side, 121, refrigerant heat exchange side, 122, expansion valve, 123, four-way reversing valve, 124, four-way reversing valve port, 125, four-way reversing valve port, 126, four-way reversing valve port, 127, four-way reversing valve interface, 128, four-way reversing valve, 129, four-way reversing valve, 133, evaporator/condenser, 134, refrigerant
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of said features.
  • plural means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • installation”, “connection” and “connection” should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be It can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediary, or it can be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application in specific situations.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present application.
  • an electric energy storage device 2 is composed of wind, photovoltaic grid 1 and electric energy storage device 2 .
  • the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 generates electricity through wind and photovoltaics and is incorporated into the public power grid system.
  • the input end of the electric energy storage device 2 is connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1, and the electric energy storage device 2 is used to The electric energy of the wind and photovoltaic grid 1 is absorbed, and the electric energy is stored in the form of energy storage, and the output terminal of the electric energy storage device 2 supplies the stored energy to the user.
  • Accompanying drawing 2 is the implementation block diagram of the principle of the present application.
  • Accompanying drawing 2 is composed of wind, photovoltaic power grid 1 , electric energy storage device 2 , heating and air conditioning system 4 , charging pile 5 , lighting and/or load 6 to form a photovoltaic energy storage power station.
  • the photovoltaic and wind power generation is integrated into the urban power grid to supply power to public power consumers.
  • the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 When the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 generates power, it is merged into the grid for electricity sales and at the same time supplies power to users through charging piles 5 and lighting and/or loads 6 .
  • the electric energy storage device 2 absorbs the unused electric energy of the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 at night, and uses the electric energy storage device 2 to store it in the form of heat, and enters During the peak power period, the electric energy storage device 2 provides heating and heating through the heating and air-conditioning system 4, and can provide domestic hot water and bathing water to users.
  • the electrical energy storage device 2 may be composed of any one of a phase change heat storage device, a sensible heat storage device, a thermochemical heat storage device, or an adsorption heat storage device.
  • the charging pile 5 can serve for charging new energy vehicles and electric vehicles.
  • the lighting and/or load 6 can supply power to lighting systems in public places and all electrical equipment of power consumption terminals.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 is composed of a phase change heat storage device 7 , a phase change heat storage material 8 , at least one set of electric heating tubes 9 , 10 , 11 , and a heating coil heat exchanger 15 .
  • the phase change heat storage device can be provided with two sets of electric heating tubes according to actual needs, wherein one set of electric heating tubes 9, 10, 11 is arranged on one side of the phase change heat storage device 7, and the other set of electric heating tubes 12, 13 and 14 are arranged on the upper part of the phase change heat storage device 7 .
  • phase change heat storage material 8 adopted by the phase change heat storage device 7, the electric heating tubes 9, 10, and 11 should be fully immersed in the phase change heat storage material 8, and the power interfaces A, B, and C is connected with wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 .
  • the heating coil heat exchanger 15 in the phase change heat storage device 7 should be immersed in the phase change heat storage material 8, and the coil heat exchanger interfaces 16 and 17 of the heat supply coil heat exchanger 15 pass through the heating supply Thermal air conditioning system 4 for heat.
  • phase-change thermal storage materials 8 There are many kinds of phase-change thermal storage materials 8, but materials with large latent heat enthalpy should be selected as phase-change thermal storage materials 8, so that the volume of the thermal storage container can be reduced, and the specific selection will not be described here.
  • Accompanying drawing 4 is the embodiment of the sensible heat storage device of the present application.
  • Accompanying drawing 4 is composed of sensible heat storage device 18, sensible heat storage material 19, at least one set of electric heating tubes 20, 21, 22, and heating coil heat exchanger 23 to form electric energy storage device 2
  • the electric heating tubes 20 , 21 , 22 are immersed in the sensible heat storage material 19 , and the power ports A, B, C of the electric heating tubes 20 , 21 , 22 are connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 .
  • the heating coil heat exchanger 23 is immersed in the sensible heat storage material 19, and the coil heat exchanger interfaces 24, 25 of the heating coil heat exchanger 19 are connected with the user-side heating and air-conditioning system 4 for heating and heating. and domestic hot water connection.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 is composed of a sensible heat storage tank 26 , a sensible heat storage material 27 , at least one set of electric heating tubes 28 , 29 , 30 , and a heating coil heat exchanger 31 .
  • the electric heating tubes 28 , 29 , 30 are immersed in the sensible heat storage material 27 , and the power ports A, B, and C of the electric heating tube devices 28 , 29 , 30 are connected to the wind and photovoltaic power grid 1 .
  • the heating coil heat exchanger 31 is immersed in the sensible heat storage material 27 , and the coil heat exchanger interfaces 32 and 33 of the heating coil heat exchanger 31 are connected with the heating, heating and air conditioning system 4 .
  • phase-change heat storage device 7 is composed of molten salt 57, heat transfer oil 58, water 59, sensible heat storage buffer device 34, sensible heat storage output device 43, coupling circulation expansion tank 41, coupling circulation pump 42, air conditioner output Circulation 52 , radiator 53 , coil air conditioner 54 and bathing device 55 form electric energy storage device 2 .
  • the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 is composed of heat transfer oil 58 , input coil heat exchanger 35 , and output coil heat exchanger 38 .
  • the input coil heat exchanger 35 is immersed in heat transfer oil 58
  • the output coil heat exchanger 38 is immersed in heat transfer oil 57 .
  • the sensible heat storage output device 43 is composed of sensible heat material water 59 , an input coil heat exchanger 44 , and an output coil heat exchanger 47 . Its input coil heat exchanger 44 is immersed in water 59 , and its output coil heat exchanger 47 is immersed in water 59 .
  • the phase change thermal storage device 7 is connected to one end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 through one end of the heating coil heat exchanger 15 through the interface 16 of the heating coil heat exchanger, and the other end of the coupled cycle expansion tank 41 is input
  • the coil heat exchanger interface 36 is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 35 of the sensible heat storage buffer device 34, and the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 35 of the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 is input to the coil
  • the heat exchanger interface 37 is connected to one end of the coupling circulation pump 42 , and the other end of the coupling circulation pump 42 is connected to the other end of the heating coil heat exchanger 15 through the heating coil heat exchanger interface 17 .
  • One end of the output coil heat exchanger 38 is connected to one end of the coupling cycle expansion tank 41 through the output coil heat exchanger interface 39, and the other end of the coupling cycle expansion tank 41 is connected to the display through the input coil heat exchanger interface 45.
  • One end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 of the heat storage output device 43, the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 is connected to one end of the coupling circulation pump 42 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 46,
  • the other end of the coupled circulation pump 42 is connected to the other end of the output coil heat exchanger 38 through the output coil heat exchanger interface 40, and one end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the sensible heat storage output device 43 is passed through
  • the output coil heat exchanger interface 48 is respectively connected to one end of the radiator 53, the fan coil air conditioner 54 and the bathing device 55, and the other end of the output coil heat exchanger 47 of the sensible heat storage output tank 43 passes through the output disc
  • the tube heat exchanger interface 49 and the air conditioner output circulating pump 52 are respectively connected to the radiator 53
  • the phase change thermal storage device 7 in accompanying drawing 6 adopts molten salt 57.
  • the advantage of using molten salt 57 is that a large amount of heat can be stored during the phase change process of molten salt 57, and its temperature can be heated to 500°C, and the maximum can be heated to 600°C. , is a very good phase change material, which can greatly reduce the volume of the heat storage container and reduce the occupied area.
  • the molten salt 57 is solid at normal temperature, and when heated to above 140°C by electric heating devices 12, 13, 14, it will change into a liquid state. Its fluidity is very good, and its viscosity is reduced. Hot and very convenient.
  • the heat transfer oil 58 is used in the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 because the temperature of the heat transfer oil can reach 350°C, and the pressure rise is not large, and it does not corrode metal materials, which is a characteristic that ordinary heat transfer media do not have.
  • the sensible heat storage output device 43 is configured because the phase change heat storage device 7 is electrically heated to 300°C using molten salt 57, and it is very dangerous to be directly heated by it. Therefore, the sensible heat storage buffer device 34 Use heat conduction oil 58 to buffer and exchange heat with sensible heat storage output device 43 to sensible heat material water 59 and cool down sensible heat material water 59 to control it to a safe and suitable heating temperature before outputting heat supply.
  • FIG. 7 is an embodiment of the heat transfer oil sensible heat storage system of the present application.
  • electric energy storage device 2 is composed of sensible heat storage device 18, heat transfer oil 58, water 59, sensible heat storage buffer device 34, sensible heat storage output device 43, coupling circulation expansion tank 41, coupling circulation pump 42.
  • One end of the heat supply coil heat exchanger 23 of the sensible heat storage device 18 is connected to one end of the coupling cycle expansion tank 41 through the heat supply coil heat exchanger interface 24, and the other end of the coupling cycle expansion tank 41 is input into the coil heat exchanger
  • the interface 36 is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 35, and the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 35 is connected to one end of the coupling circulation pump 42 through the input coil heat exchanger interface 37, and the coupling circulation pump 42 The other end is connected to the other end of the heating coil heat exchanger 23 via the heating coil heat exchanger interface 25 .
  • the heat transfer oil 58 is used in the sensible heat storage device 18 in accompanying drawing 7, because the characteristics of the heat transfer oil are safety, convenient storage and output circulation flow.
  • the heat storage enthalpy is not high, which is lower than that of water and organic solutions. Obviously, water still has the highest enthalpy, but the maximum temperature of water and general organic salt solutions is limited and cannot exceed 100°C, otherwise the phase change will be gasified, but organic solutions can be used for sensible heat storage applications exceeding 100°C.
  • the electric energy storage device 2 is composed of a sensible heat storage device 26, water 59, a sensible heat storage output device 43, a coupling circulation expansion tank 50, a coupling circulation pump 51, an air conditioner output circulation pump 52, and a radiator 53, wind and coil air conditioner 54, bathing device 55 constitute.
  • one end of the heating coil heat exchanger 31 of the sensible heat storage device 26 is connected to one end of the coupling cycle expansion tank 50 through the heating coil heat exchanger interface 32, and the other end of the coupling cycle expansion tank 50 is input
  • the coil heat exchanger interface 45 is connected to one end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 of the sensible heat storage output tank 43, and the other end of the input coil heat exchanger 44 is connected to the coupling cycle through the input coil heat exchanger interface 46.
  • One end of the pump 51 is connected, and the other end of the coupling circulating pump 51 is connected to the other end of the heating coil heat exchanger 31 through the interface 33 of the heating coil heat exchanger.
  • the photovoltaic grid should not only store heat, but also store cold, and selectively store heat or cold according to needs, so as to adapt to and expand market demand, so that the economic benefits of photovoltaic grids will increase.
  • the electric energy storage energy storage device 2 is composed of any one of phase change air separation cold storage or ice cold storage or chilled water cold storage or heat pump organic solution cold/heat storage or heat pump heat transfer oil cold/heat storage or heat pump water cold storage/heat storage system.
  • the phase change air separation cold storage system also includes any of liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid argon and liquefied petrochemical natural gas cryogenic systems.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the liquid air cryogenic storage system of the present application.
  • the phase-change liquid-air cold storage system is composed of an air compressor 63, an air storage tank 66, a heat exchange device 69, a heat exchanger 71, an expander 81, a liquid-air storage tank 84, an inner storage tank 85, and a liquid-air storage tank 88 .
  • the input end of the air compressor 63 is connected to the air
  • the output end of the air compressor 63 is connected to the input end of the air storage tank 66
  • the output end of the air storage tank 66 is divided into two routes to connect with subsequent equipment, and the first route is connected to the heat exchange device 69.
  • One end of the first heat exchange side 72 of the heat exchanger 71 is connected, the other end of the first heat exchange side 72 of the heat exchanger 71 in the heat exchange device 69 is connected with the liquid-air storage tank 84, and its second path is connected with the heat exchanger.
  • One end of the second heat exchange side 73 of the heat exchanger 71 is connected, the other end of the second heat exchange side 73 of the heat exchanger 71 is connected with the input end of the expander 81, and the output end of the expander 81 is connected with the heat exchanger 71
  • One end of the third heat exchange side 74 of the heat exchanger 71 is connected to the input end of the air compressor 63 .
  • the air compressor 63 is filtered and compressed to the air storage tank 66 from the air input end and stored, and is output in two ways.
  • One path is input to the first heat exchange side 72 of the heat exchanger 71 through the output interface 67 of the gas storage tank 66 through the interface 70 of the heat exchanger 71 .
  • the output interface 68 of the second route air storage tank 66 is input to one end of the second heat exchange side 73 of the heat exchanger 71 through the interface 75 of the heat exchanger 71, and passes through the other end of the second heat exchange side 73 through the expander input end 80
  • the input expander 81 is expanded by the expander 81, the pressure of the compressed air drops sharply, and the air temperature drops sharply to a low temperature.
  • the low-temperature air expanded by the expander 81 passes through the third heat exchange side 74 of the heat exchanger 71 to cool the compressed air passing through the first heat exchange side 72 of the heat exchanger 71, and makes it pass through the third heat exchange side 72 of the heat exchanger 71
  • the temperature of the compressed air on the heat exchange side 72 is reduced to liquid air 88 , and enters the liquid air storage tank 85 from the input port 83 of the liquid air storage tank 85 through the heat exchanger interface 78 and is stored in the internal collection tank 85 .
  • Air Liquide 88 The above-mentioned preparation process of Air Liquide is only a schematic process. Since the temperature of Air Liquide 88 reaches about -193°C, it needs to be stored in a Dewar bottle.
  • the Dewar bottle is a double-layer metal structure and is insulated by high vacuum.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the liquid air cryogenic cold storage air-conditioning and refrigeration system of the present application.
  • the phase change liquid-air cold storage system is equipped with an insulated water tank 90, a liquid-air release heat exchanger 92, chilled water 94, an air discharge port 93, an air conditioner output circulation pump 52, a radiator 53, and a coil air conditioner 54
  • a liquid air cryogenic air conditioning refrigeration system is formed.
  • the chilled water 94 is arranged in the thermal insulation water tank 90, and the liquid-air release heat exchanger 92 is arranged in the chilled water 94, and one end of the liquid-air release heat exchanger 92 passes through the throttling valve 89 and the inside of the liquid-air storage tank 84.
  • the liquid air 88 in the storage tank 85 is in communication, and one end of the liquid air release heat exchanger 92 is in communication with the air discharge port 93 .
  • One end of the air-conditioning output circulation pump 52 is connected with the thermal insulation water tank 90 and communicated with the chilled water 94, and the other end of the air-conditioning output circulation pump 52 is respectively connected with the radiator 53 and one end of the coil air conditioner 54.
  • the radiator 53 and the other end of the coil air conditioner 54 are connected to the heat preservation water tank 90 and communicate with the chilled water 94 .
  • the throttle valve 89 By adjusting the throttle valve 89 to control the flow of the liquid air into the liquid air release heat exchanger 92, in order to achieve the cooling capacity to the chilled water 94, cooling the chilled water 94 to a water temperature of 7°C, and circulating the air into the radiator through the air conditioner output circulation pump 52 53 or fan coil unit 54, cooling and air-conditioning the indoor room. After releasing the cooling capacity, the liquid air evaporates and absorbs the heat in the chilled water 94 to become air, which is discharged into the atmosphere through the air discharge port 93 .
  • the above-mentioned refrigeration and air-conditioning system can be realized by using liquid air or liquid nitrogen.
  • the cost of liquid air is the lowest, and it is very environmentally friendly.
  • Air is a natural refrigerant refrigerant system that will not pollute the atmosphere like chemical refrigerants.
  • FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice-storage air-conditioning refrigeration system of the present application.
  • the ice storage system is composed of a refrigeration unit 95, a cooling tower 104, a coupling circulation tank 112, an ice storage tank 141, an ice-melting frozen water storage tank 207, a cooling water circulation pump 103, and refrigerant circulation pumps 114-1 and 114-2 , air conditioner output circulation pump 52, radiator 53, fan coil air conditioner 54 constitute.
  • the refrigeration unit 95 is composed of a refrigeration compressor 96 , a condenser 97 , an expansion valve 102 , and an evaporator 100 .
  • the cooling tower 104 is composed of a tower fan 105 , a spraying device 106 , an air inlet 107 , and cooling water 230 .
  • the tower fan 105 is arranged on the top of the spray device 106, and the spray device 106 is arranged between the tower fan 105 and the air inlet 107, the air inlet 107 is arranged on the upper part of the liquid surface of the cooling water 230, and the cooling water 230 is arranged in the cooling tower 104 the lower part.
  • the ice storage tank 141 is composed of an ice storage refrigerant heat exchange coil 144, an ice melting heat exchange coil 146, an ice storage refrigerant circulation tank 112-1, and a refrigerant 113-1.
  • the above-mentioned refrigerants 113-1 and 113-2 are composed of antifreeze liquid.
  • the exhaust end of the refrigeration compressor 96 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 98 of the condenser 97, and the other end of the condenser 97 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 102 of the evaporator 100 through an expansion valve 102 , the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 102 of the evaporator 100 is connected to the suction end of the refrigeration compressor 96, one end of the water heat exchange side 99 of the condenser 97 is connected to the spray device 106, and the water heat exchange side of the condenser 97 is The other end of 99 is connected to the cooling tower 104 through the cooling water circulation pump 103, and communicates with the cooling water 230 in the cooling tower 104, and one end of the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 is connected with one end of the ice storage refrigerant circulation tank 112-1 , and communicate with the refrigerant 113-1, the other end of the ice storage refrigerant circulation tank
  • the refrigeration compressor 96 of the refrigeration unit 95 operates during the ice storage operation, and the high-pressure refrigerant exhaust enters the refrigerant heat exchange side 98 of the condenser 97 from the exhaust end of the refrigeration compressor 96 to condense and release heat to the water.
  • the cooling water 230 circulated by the cooling pump 103 is taken away by the cooling water with condensation heat from the interface 109 of the cooling tower 104 through the cooling pump 103 through the water heat exchange side 99 and input into the spraying device 106 for spraying
  • the water mist and the air entering through the air inlet 107 conduct reverse friction heat exchange, and transfer the condensation heat to the air.
  • the cooling tower 104 forms a negative pressure, and the air enters through the air inlet 107, and the heat is exchanged to the condensation heat of the air The air is discharged to the atmosphere through the tower fan to complete the condensation.
  • the high-pressure refrigerant exhaust passes through the exhaust end of the refrigeration compressor 96 and enters the refrigerant heat exchange side 98 of the condenser 97 to condense and release heat.
  • the refrigerant gas on the refrigerant heat exchange side 98 of the condenser 97 condenses to form liquid refrigerant and passes through the expansion valve.
  • the refrigerant heat exchange side 102 entering the evaporator 100 evaporates and absorbs the heat in the water heat exchange side 101 circulated by the refrigerant circulation pump 114-1 in the refrigerant 113-1, causing the liquid refrigerant to evaporate and form a gaseous state.
  • the suction end of the refrigeration compressor 96 sucks in and continues to compress to repeat the above-mentioned refrigeration compression cycle, and continuously absorbs the heat in the refrigerant 113-1, causing the temperature of the refrigerant 113-1 to drop.
  • the ice-storage refrigerant heat exchange coil 144 enters the ice-storage refrigerant heat exchange coil 144 and passes through the surface of the ice-storage refrigerant heat-exchange coil 144 to contact the ice water 145 for heat exchange, and the ice water 145 is taken away by the coil interface 150 through the ice-storage refrigerant circulation tank 112-1 to the unit interface 110 enters the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100, continues to be evaporated by the refrigerant heat exchange side 102 to absorb heat, further reduces the temperature of the refrigerant 113-1, and finally freezes the ice water 145 into ice. Because the latent heat of ice is larger than that of other media, the cold storage effect is better.
  • the ice-melting frozen water storage tank 207 enters through the refrigerant 113-2 circulated by the refrigerant circulation pump 114-2, and the primary heat exchange side 209 of the ice-melting frozen water storage tank 207 circulates through the ice-melting circulation tank 112-2 and enters the melting zone.
  • the ice heat exchange coil 146 uses normal temperature chilled water 208 to melt the ice stored in the ice water 145. When the ice melts, it absorbs a large amount of heat from the outside, so that the temperature of the refrigerant 113-2 circulating in the ice melting heat exchange coil 146 decreases and passes through the refrigerant.
  • the circulation pump 114-2 circulates into the ice-melting chilled water storage tank 207 and further releases cold energy to the chilled water 208 through the primary heat exchange side 209, and the ice is melted into ice water through continuous coupling cycles, and is output by the air conditioner through the secondary heat exchange side 210
  • the circulation pump 52 supplies cooling and air-conditioning to the room of the fan-coil air conditioner 53 .
  • FIG 12 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water cold storage air-conditioning and refrigeration system of the present application.
  • the organic solution cold storage system is made up of refrigerating unit 95, cooling tower 104, organic solution storage tank 231, sodium formate solution 232.
  • One end of the first heat exchange side 233 in the organic solution storage tank 231 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 through the coupling circulation tank 41, and the other end of the water heat exchange side 101 of the evaporator 100 is The other end of the first heat exchange side 233 in the organic solution storage tank 231 is connected through the coupling circulation pump 42, and one end of the second heat exchange side 234 in the organic solution storage tank 231 is respectively connected to the air conditioner output circulation pump 52, One end of the radiator 53 and the fan coil air conditioner 54 is connected, and the other end of the radiator 53 and the fan coil air conditioner 54 is connected to the other end of the second heat exchange side 234 in the organic solution storage tank 231 through the air conditioner output circulation pump 52 connected at one end.
  • the sodium formate solution 232 in the organic solution storage tank 231 is an organic salt solution, which is more suitable for low-temperature cold storage, and has the advantages of less corrosion to metal materials and strong fluidity.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage open energy tower heat pump air conditioning system of the present application.
  • heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water thermal storage system is made up of water source heat pump unit 117, energy tower 147, energy storage tank 239, air conditioner output circulating pump 52, radiator 53, fan coil air conditioner 54.
  • the water source heat pump unit 117 is composed of a refrigeration compressor 118 , a condenser/evaporator 119 , an expansion valve 122 , an evaporation/condenser 133 , and a four-way reversing valve 123 .
  • the energy tower 147 is composed of a tower fan 150 , a spray device 149 , an air inlet 151 , and an antifreeze/water 148 .
  • the energy storage tank 239 is composed of a coil primary heat exchanger 240 , a coil secondary heat exchanger 241 , and energy storage water 243 .
  • One end of the refrigeration coil heat exchanger 240 in the energy storage tank 239 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the condensation/evaporator 119 through the coupling circulation tank 112, and the other end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the condensation/evaporator 119 is connected through the coupling circulation tank 112.
  • the pump 114 is connected to the other end of the refrigeration coil heat exchanger 240 in the energy storage tank 239, and the exhaust gas from the refrigeration compressor 118 of the water source heat pump unit 117 passes through the four-way reversing valve interface 124 and through the four-way reversing valve 128.
  • the four-way reversing valve interface 125 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119, and the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 is connected to the evaporator/condenser 133 refrigerant through the expansion valve 122
  • One end of the heat exchange side 134, the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 134 of the evaporator/condenser 133 passes through the four-way reversing valve interface 127 through the four-way reversing valve 129, from the four-way reversing valve interface 126 to the refrigeration compressor 118
  • the suction end is connected, one end of the evaporator/condenser 133 water heat exchange side 135 is connected with the spray device 149 of the energy tower 147, and one end of the water heat exchange side 135 is connected with the spray device 149 of the energy tower 147, and the evapor
  • Accompanying drawing 13 is to use the open energy tower heat pump to store water in crystalline state in summer.
  • the purpose is to use the ice water in this state, whose latent heat is equivalent to that of ice, but does not require the ice melting process, saving a lot of operating power, and the system structure is simple and the cost is low.
  • water is used to store heat. Although it is not as small as electric storage, the energy efficiency of heat pump heat storage is nearly 3 to 5 times higher than that of electric heat storage. Therefore, photovoltaic energy storage is far less economical than heat pump energy storage, and heat pump energy storage is safe and reliable.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the heat pump air-conditioning system of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage closed type cross-flow energy tower of the present application.
  • Figure 14 the closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system consists of
  • Closed energy energy tower 154 consists of tower spray pump 162, at least one set of coil heat exchanger 155, spray device 157, and antifreeze/water 165.
  • Closed energy tower 154 bottom is equipped with antifreeze/water storage tank 164, and one end of tower spray pump 162 is connected with antifreeze/water storage tank 164, and communicates with antifreeze/water 165, and the other end of tower spray pump 162 is connected with
  • the spray device 157 is connected and communicated with the liquid or water 159 in the spray device 157 .
  • the closed tower fan 158 is arranged above the spraying device 157, the spraying device 158 is arranged below the closed tower fan 158, and is arranged above the coil heat exchanger 155, and the coil heat exchanger 155 is arranged below
  • the upper part of the antifreeze/water storage tank 164 is disposed above the liquid level of the antifreeze/water 165.
  • FIG 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage closed-type countercurrent energy tower heat pump air conditioning system of the present application.
  • the closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system is also composed of a closed energy tower 171 and a spray pump 162.
  • the closed energy energy tower 171 consists of a tower spray pump 162, an antifreeze/water storage tank 164, a coil heat exchanger 172, a spray device 157, and a closed tower fan 158.
  • the bottom of the closed air energy tower 171 is equipped with an antifreeze/water storage tank 164, one end of the tower spray pump 162 is connected with the antifreeze/water storage tank 164 and communicated with the antifreeze/water 165, and the other end of the tower spray pump 162 is connected with the antifreeze/water storage tank 164.
  • the spraying device 157 is connected and communicated with the antifreeze/water 159 in the spraying device 121 , and the closed tower fan 158 is arranged on the upper part of the spraying device 157 .
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a heat pump air-conditioning system of an ice crystal chilled water energy storage primary heat exchange closed flow energy tower of the present application.
  • Figure 16 is composed of a heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system configured with a heat pump unit 246 and a gas-liquid separator 243 in a closed cross-flow energy tower for primary heat exchange.
  • the heat pump unit 246 is connected to the four-way reversing valve interface 126 by the inlet port 244 of the gas-liquid separator 243, and the exhaust port 245 of the gas-liquid separator 243 is connected to the suction end of the refrigeration compressor 118.
  • the valve interface 127 is connected to one end of the coil heat exchanger 155, and the other end of the coil heat exchanger 155 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 through the expansion valve 122, and the condenser/evaporator 119
  • the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 is connected to the port 125 of the four-way reversing valve.
  • the configuration of the gas-liquid separator 243 is to let the refrigerant liquid that is not completely evaporated by the coil heat exchanger 155 or the coil heat exchanger 172 first enter the gas-liquid separator 243 for precipitation, and the gaseous refrigerant is discharged from the exhaust port of the gas-liquid separator 243 245 enters the suction end of the refrigeration compressor 118 to ensure that all the compressor inhales is gas.
  • the purpose is to prevent refrigerant liquid shock and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the refrigeration compression cycle.
  • Accompanying drawing 17 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a heat pump air-conditioning system of a closed-type countercurrent energy tower with ice crystal chilled water energy storage for primary heat exchange in the present application.
  • Accompanying drawing 17 is also a primary heat exchange closed energy tower heat pump ice crystal cold storage/water heat storage system.
  • One end of the coil heat exchanger 172 is connected to the four-way reversing valve interface 127, and the other end of the coil heat exchanger 172 is connected to one end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 through the expansion valve 122 , the other end of the refrigerant heat exchange side 121 of the condenser/evaporator 119 is connected to the four-way reversing valve interface 125 .
  • FIG 18 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage dual-unit integrated machine room energy tower heat pump air conditioning system of the present application.
  • the air-conditioning system shown in this figure is based on the air-conditioning system shown in Figure 17 with a second heat pump unit 248 added;
  • the second-stage air conditioner unit 248 includes a second compressor 251 , a condenser 252 , a second expansion valve 255 , an evaporator 256 , and single-stage and double-stage switching valves 249 , 250 , 259 , 260 , 261 , and 262 .
  • One end of the single-stage and double-stage switching valve 250 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the condensation/evaporator 119 of the heat pump unit 117 and one end of the single-stage and double-stage switching valve 260 respectively, and the condensation of the heat pump unit 117
  • the other end of the water heat exchange side 120 of the evaporator 119 is respectively connected to one end of the single and double stage conversion valve 249 and one end of the single and double stage conversion valve 261, and the other end of the single and double stage conversion valve 250
  • the output circulating pump 114 is connected to one end of the water heat exchange side 258 of the evaporator 256 of the second-stage air-conditioning unit 248, and the other end of the water heat-exchange side 258 of the evaporator 256 of the second-stage air-conditioning unit 248 is connected to the The other end of the single-stage and double-stage switching valve 249 is connected, and one end of the heat exchange side 257 on the refrigerant side of the evaporator
  • the coupling circulation tank 112 is respectively connected to one end of the single and double stage switching valve 262 and the other end of the single and double stage switching valve 261, and the other end of the single and double stage switching valve 262 is connected to the first One end of the water heat exchange side 254 of the condenser 252 of the secondary air conditioner unit 248 is connected, and the other end of the water heat exchange side 254 of the condenser 252 of the second air conditioner unit 248 is connected with the other end of the single and double stage conversion valve 259 connect.
  • FIG 19 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the ice crystal chilled water energy storage integral machine room type energy tower heat pump air conditioning system of the present application.
  • it is composed of the overall machine room 263, refrigeration unit 95, heat pump unit 117, heat pump unit 246, second-stage air conditioner unit 248, power distribution device 194, detection and automatic control device 196, remote monitoring device 198, energy tower 147, Closed energy tower 154, closed energy tower 171 constitutes.
  • the power distribution device 194 is composed of a power distribution cabinet 195.
  • the input terminals of the power distribution cabinet 195 are connected to the three-phase power A, B, and C phases of the three-phase four-wire power supply of the grid through power interfaces 190, 191, 192, and 193.
  • the output end of the electric cabinet 195 is connected with the power input end of the electrical equipment.
  • the detection automatic control device 196 includes a detection and/or automatic control cabinet 197, and the detection and/or automatic control cabinet 197 is connected with the required detection and control equipment.
  • the remote monitoring device 198 is connected with the detection and/or automatic control cabinet 197 by a mobile communication 3G or 4G or 5G or a wireless local area network remote monitoring device 199 .
  • the heat pump unit 117 , the configuration power distribution device 194 , the detection automatic control device 196 , and the remote monitoring device 198 are all arranged in the overall machine room 263 . And all the manufacturing and installation are completed in the factory to realize the modernization of installation and replace the on-site construction and installation by migrant workers at low-level construction sites. It can not only save raw materials, but also save labor costs and improve installation efficiency, level and quality. All refrigeration equipment, energy towers, power distribution, automatic control and even remote monitoring and transmission systems are configured in the overall machine room and shipped as a whole. It is especially suitable for the application of distributed photovoltaic power generation and photovoltaic energy storage systems. It can completely realize unmanned operation of the computer room and remote monitoring. All operating conditions, fault details, and all data of operating conditions are remotely transmitted to users and engineering experts to communicate with users remotely. .
  • the energy tower 147 or the closed energy tower 154 or the closed energy tower 171 is arranged on the side of the overall machine room 263 or on the top of the overall machine room 263, and the overall integrated manufacturing also needs to consider the transportation super-height, ultra-wide restrictions and even the convenience of on-site hoisting .
  • Figure 18 shows the overall structure of the computer room, which is more suitable for the application of photovoltaic household distributed light storage and charging.

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Abstract

本申请涉及绿色能源发电储能设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种光伏蓄能电站，该光伏蓄能电站包括风、光伏电网、电蓄能储能装置；所述风、光伏电网通过风、光伏发电且并入公共电网系统；所述电蓄能储能装置的输入端与风、光伏电网相连接，利用电蓄能储能装置根据需要吸纳风、光伏电网的电能，并以蓄能方式储存电能，所述电蓄能储能装置的输出端向用户供应所蓄能量。该风、光伏储能电站其容量可大可小，并户式分布安装、以适应风、光伏发电规模的需要，且绝对安全，且可以充分复制。大面积推广应用，完全可以吸纳风、光发电所配置的装机容量。

Description

一种光伏蓄能电站
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年5月12日提交的申请号为202110517433.4，名称为“一种光伏蓄能电站”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及绿色能源发电储能设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种光伏储能电站。
背景技术
随着全球碳中和、碳达峰目标的落实，世界各个国家均在大力发展光伏和风力发电的建设，且有的国家达到了疯狂的地步。然而，近期国际将风力发电视为垃圾电。
科学家发现风力发电影响气候，因为，风力发电会导致自然界中大量的风力滞留，没有足够的空气流通，周围的温度就会升高，而遥远区域之间的温差就会变大。风力发电的庞大的叶轮影响人类以及鸟类的活动，甚至死于叶轮之下。叶轮与空气摩擦所产生的巨大噪音，导致周边居民的强烈反感。上述原因就是风电行业中为什么将风电称为“垃圾电”的真正原因，国际一度弃风呼声越发高涨。风力发电虽然是清洁能源，但也确确实实是名副其实的“垃圾电”。
光伏、风力发电具有两个特点：一是出力的随机性；二是逆调峰特性。换句话说，就是光伏、风力发电大小不受控制，时大时小。而且往往是用电时候不够用，不用电的时候猛发。如，在中午时候往往没风。但在凌晨要休息时，因风力较大，导致风电过剩。光伏发电也存在类似的问题，白天上午或下午工厂用电高峰时，由于太阳光不足，光伏发电小，中午阳光充足时，工厂午休根本不用电。傍晚以及夜晚居民用电高峰，然而由于没有阳光光伏发电彻底休息。因此，光伏发电彻底与人类所需相反的特性，导致电力系统根不愿意接纳光伏发电并网。
针对上述问题，以及随着弃电风潮，在“碳中和”背景下，储能行业兴起。需要将不受控的风、光电利用电池存储起来，在人们需求时释放电能。因此，风、光电储能业得到了大力发展，在碳达峰的背景下2020年全国新增电化学储能装机1.56GW，2020年底为3269.2MW，2025年将是2020年的9倍，前景广泛。
绿色能源发电离不开蓄电池，然而，电瓶爆炸事故多发，近十年间，全球共发生32起储能电站起火爆炸事故。最近北京国轩福威斯光储充一体化电站爆炸，将红火的储能电站叫停。大面积在城市内分布实施储能，对于政府虽是项节能减排的大事，但是也存在较大的安全隐患，蓄电池被整集装箱分布存储并配置在闹市区的用户侧，如同将一个巨型炸弹放在人群之中，说不定什么时候可能会发生爆炸的隐患。因为目前蓄电池储能技术，在全球均没有过关，世界都在探索应用之中。惨痛的教训呼唤前沿科技研发安全可靠的蓄能电池的同时，也期待研究安全、可靠的储能替代技术的研发，正摆在全球科技工作者的面前。
蓄电池除了爆炸危险外，其生产过程向大气和环境排放的有毒有害的严重性以及破坏性，远大于绿色能源发电带给人类的环保意义。特别是成品电池尚没有消除及回收的办法，导致发达国家根本不生产电池，均转移至发展中国家，特别是中国电池厂家非常红火。其实发展风、光发电储能，所报废的电池被大量长期存储且不能回收消除，其环保风险远比风、光发电收益大，其弊大于利。
如果换一种思维将充储电模式改变为蓄能形式，吸纳绿色能源电力存储利用，那么光伏发电蓄电池爆炸的痛点不就被安全可靠的蓄能技术解决了吗。
谷电户式蓄能不但解决了风、光发电并网利用，蓄能还为用户提供制冷空调的冷源，以及采暖供热的热能的销售，成为一条龙发展模式。本光伏储能电站，正是整合上游光伏发电蓄能，下游销售能，消除蓄电池爆炸隐患，消除电网不愿意接纳新能源电力痛点，挖掘新能源发电事业潜力模式的创新。
发明内容
本申请的目的在于提供一种光伏蓄能电站，该光伏蓄能电站能够解决 现有技术中储电安全性差的问题；
本申请提供了一种光伏蓄能电站，包括风、光伏电网1、电蓄能储能装置2；
所述风、光伏电网1通过风、光伏发电且并入公共电网系统；
所述电蓄能储能装置2的输入端与风、光伏电网1相连接，利用电蓄能储能装置2根据需要吸纳风、光伏电网1的电能，并以蓄能方式储存电能，所述电蓄能储能装置2的输出端向用户供应所蓄能量。
在一个实施例中，所述光伏蓄能电站还包括采暖供热空调系统4、充电桩5、照明和/或负载6；
所述风、光伏电网1与所述充电桩5以及所述照明和/或负载6的输入端相连接；
所述电蓄能储能装置2的输出端与所述采暖供热空调系统4的输入端相连接；
所述采暖供热空调系统4包括采暖系统、生活热水系统、洗浴系统；
所述充电桩5包括新能源汽车、电动车充电桩；
所述照明和/或负载6包括室内外照明系统以及电力系统用电终端。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2包括相变蓄热装置7；
所述相变蓄热装置7包括相变蓄热材料8、至少一组电加热装置9、10、11、供热盘管换热器15；
所述相变蓄热装置7内存储所述相变蓄热材料8，所述电加热装置9、10、11浸入所述相变蓄热材料8之中，所述电加热装置9、10、11的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网1相连接；
所述供热盘管换热器15浸入所述的相变蓄热材料8之中，所述供热盘管换热器15的盘管换热器接口16、17与采暖供热空调系统4相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2包括显热蓄热装置18；
所述显热蓄热装置18包括显热蓄热材料19、至少一组电加热装置20、21、22、供热盘管换热器23；
所述电加热装置20、21、22浸入所述显热蓄热材料19之中，所述电加热装置20、21、22的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网1相连接；
所述供热盘管换热器23浸入所述显热蓄热材料19之中，所述供热盘 管换热器19的盘管换热器接口24、25与用户侧采暖以及生活热水接口相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2包括显热蓄热罐26、显热蓄热材料27、至少一组电加热装置28、29、30、供热盘管换热器31；
所述电加热装置28、29、30浸入所述显热蓄热材料27之中，所述电加热装置28、29、30的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网1相连接；
所述供热盘管换热器31浸入所述显热蓄热材料27之中，所述供热盘管换热器31的盘管换热器接口32、33与采暖供热空调系统4相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2还包括相变蓄热装置7、有机盐57、导热油或有机溶液58、水59、显热蓄热缓冲装置34、显热蓄热输出装置43、耦合循环膨胀罐41、耦合循环泵42、空调输出循环泵52、所述采暖供热空调系统4；
所述相变蓄热装置7包括熔盐57、电加热装置9、10、11、供热盘管换热器15，所述电加热装置9、10、11浸泡在熔盐57之中，所述供热盘管换热器15浸泡在熔盐57之中；
所述显热蓄热缓冲装置34包括所述导热油58、输入盘管换热器35、输出盘换热器38，所述输入盘管换热器35浸泡在导热油58中，所述输出盘管换热器38浸泡在导热油57中；
所述显热蓄热输出装置43包括所述水59、输入盘管换热器44、输出盘管换热器47，所述输入盘管换热器44浸泡在水58之中，所述输出盘管换热器47浸泡在水58之中；
所述相变蓄热装置7供热盘管换热器15的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口16与所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口36与显热蓄热缓冲装置34的所述输入盘管换热器35的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热缓冲装置34的所述输入盘管换热器35的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口37连接所述耦合循环泵42的一端，所述耦合循环泵42的另一端通过所述供热盘管换热器接口17与所述供热盘管换热器15的另一端相连接，所述输出盘管换热器38的一端通过所述输出盘管换热器接口39与所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端经所述输入盘管换热器接口45连接所述 显热蓄热输出装置43的所述输入盘管换热器44的一端，所述输入盘管换热器44的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口46与所述耦合循环泵42的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵42的另一端通过输出盘管换热器接口40与所述输出盘管换热器38的另一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出装置43的所述输出盘管换热器47的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口48分别与所述采暖供热空调系统4的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出罐43的输出盘管换热器47的另一端通过输出循环泵52与所述采暖供热空调系统4的另一端相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2还包括显热蓄热装置18、导热油58、水59、显热蓄热缓冲装置34、显热蓄热输出装置43、耦合循环膨胀罐41、耦合循环泵42、空调输出循环泵52、所述采暖供热空调系统4；
所述显热蓄热装置18的供热盘管换热器23的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口24连接所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端，所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口36与输入盘管换热器35的一端相连接，所述输入盘管换热器35的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口37与所述耦合循环泵42的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵42的另一端经供热盘管换热器接口25与所述供热盘管换热器23的另一端相连接；
显热蓄热缓冲装置34的输出盘管换热器38的一端通过所述输出盘管换热器接口39与所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端经所述输入盘管换热器接口45连接所述显热蓄热输出装置43的所述输入盘管换热器44的一端，所述输入盘管换热器44的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口46与所述耦合循环泵42的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵42的另一端通过输出盘管换热器接口40与输出盘管换热器38的另一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出装置43的所述输出盘管换热器47的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口48与所述采暖供热空调系统4的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出罐43的输出盘管换热器47的另一端通过输出循环泵52与所述采暖供热空调系统4的另一端相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2还包括显热蓄热装置26、水59、显热蓄热输出装置43、耦合循环膨胀罐50、耦合循环泵51、空调输出循环泵52、采暖供热空调系统4；
所述显热蓄热装置26的供热盘管换热器31的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口32与所述耦合循环膨胀罐50的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐50的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口45与显热蓄热输出罐43的所述输入盘管换热器44的一端相连接，所述输入盘管换热器44的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口46与所述耦合循环泵51的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵51的另一端经供热盘管换热器接口33与所述供热盘管换热器31的另一端相连接；
所述显热蓄热输出装置43的所述输出盘管换热器47的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口48与所述采暖供热空调系统4的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出罐43的输出盘管换热器47的另一端通过输出循环泵52与所述采暖供热空调系统4的另一端相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括相变液空蓄冷系统；
所述相变液空蓄冷系统包括空气压缩机63、储气罐66、换热装置69、换热器71、膨胀机81、液空储罐84、内储罐85、液空88；
所述空气压缩机63输入端与空气连通，所述空气压缩机63输出端连接所述储气罐66的输入端，所述储气罐66的输出端分两路与后续设备连接，其第一路与所述换热装置69内所述换热器71的第一换热侧72的一端相连接，所述第一换热侧72的另一端与所述液空储罐84相连接，其第二路与所述换热装置69内所述换热器71的第二换热侧73的一端相连接，所述换热器71的第二换热侧73的另一端与所述膨胀机81的输入端相连接，所述膨胀机81的输出端与所述换热器71的第三换热侧74的一端相连接，所述换热装置69内换热器71的第三换热侧74的另一端与所述空气压缩机63的输入端相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述相变液空蓄冷系统还包括保温水箱90、液空释放换热器92、冷冻水94、空气排放口93、空调输出循环泵52、采暖供热空调系统4；
所述保温水箱90内配置所述冷冻水94，所述液空释放换热器92配置并浸泡在所述冷冻水94之中，所述液空释放换热器92的一端通过节流阀89与液空储罐84的内储罐85中的液空88相连通，所述液空释放换热器92的一端与所述空气排放口93连通；
所述空调输出循环泵52的一端与所述保温水箱90相连接，并与所述冷冻水94连通，所述空调输出循环泵52的另一端分别与所述采暖供热空调系统4的一端相连接，所述采暖供热空调系统4的另一端与所述保温水箱90相连接，并与所述冷冻水94连通。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括冰蓄冷系统；
所述冰蓄冷系统包括制冷机组95、冷却塔104、冷媒循环泵114-1、114-2、蓄冰槽罐141、融冰冷冻水储罐207、冷却水循环泵103、空调输出循环泵52、采暖供热空调系统4；
所述制冷机组95包括制冷压缩机96、冷凝器97、膨胀阀102、蒸发器100；
所述冷却塔104包括塔风机105、喷淋装置106、进风口107、冷却水230，所述塔风机105配置在所述喷淋装置106的上面，且所述喷淋装置106配置在所述塔风机105与所述进风口107之间，所述进风口107配置在所述冷却水230液面的上部，所述冷却水230配置在所述冷却塔104的下部；
所述蓄冰槽罐141包括蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144、融冰换热盘管146，蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1、冷媒113-1，所述冷媒113-1为防冻液；
所述融冰冷冻水储罐207包括一次换热侧209、二次换热侧210、融冰循环罐112-2，冷媒113-2，所述冷媒113-2为防冻液；
所述制冷压缩机96排气端连接所述冷凝器97制冷剂换热侧98的一端，所述冷凝器97制冷剂换热侧98的另一端通过所述膨胀阀102连接所述蒸发器100制冷剂换热侧102的一端，所述蒸发器100制冷剂换热侧102的另一端与所述制冷压缩机96的吸气端相连接，所述冷凝器97水换热侧99的一端与所述喷淋装置106相连接，所述冷凝器97水换热侧99的另一端通过所述冷却水循环泵103与所述冷却塔104相连接，并与所述冷却塔104内的冷却水230连通，所述蒸发器100水换热侧101的一端与所述蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1的一端连接，并与所述冷媒113-1连通，所述蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1的另一端与所述蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144的一端相连接，所述蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144的另一端通过冷媒循环泵114-1与所述蒸发器100水换热侧101的另一端相连接，所述融冰换热盘管146的一端通 过所述融冰循环罐112-2与所述融冰冷冻水储罐207一次换热侧209的一端相连接，并与冷媒113-2连通，所述融冰冷冻水储罐207一次换热侧209的另一端通过冷媒循环泵114-2与所述融冰换热盘管146的另一端相连接，所述融冰冷冻水储罐207二次换热侧210的一端分别连所述采暖供热空调系统4的一端相连接，所述采暖供热空调系统4的另一端通过空调输出循环泵52与所述融冰冷冻水储罐207二次换热侧210的另一端相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括有机溶液蓄冷系统；
所述热泵有机溶液蓄冷系统包括制冷机组95、冷却塔104、有机溶液储罐231、甲酸钠溶液232；
所述有机溶液储罐231内第一换热侧233的一端通过耦合循环罐41与所述蒸发器100的水换热侧101的一端相连接，所述蒸发器100的水换热侧101的另一端通过耦合循环泵42与所述有机溶液储罐231内第一换热侧233的另一端相连接，所述有机溶液储罐231内第二换热侧234的一端分别通过空调输出循环泵52与采暖供热空调系统4的一端相连接，所述采暖供热空调系统4的另一端与述有机溶液储罐231内第二换热侧234的另一端相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
所述热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统包括水源热泵机组117、能源塔147、蓄能槽罐239、空调输出循环泵52、采暖供热空调系统4；
所述水源热泵机组117包括制冷压缩机118、冷凝/蒸发器119、膨胀阀122、蒸发/冷凝器133、四通换向阀123；
所述能源塔147包括塔风机150、喷淋装置149、进风口151、防冻液/水148；
所述蓄能槽罐239包括盘管一次换热器240、盘管二次换热器241、蓄能水243；
所述蓄能槽罐239内盘管一次换热器240的一端通过耦合循环罐112连接所述冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的一端，
所述冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的另一端通过耦合循环泵114与所述蓄能槽罐239内的盘管一次换热器240的另一端相连接，所述水源热 泵机组117的所述制冷压缩机118排气经四通换向阀接口124通过四通换向阀128由四通换向阀接口125连接所述冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的一端，所述冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的另一端通过膨胀阀122连接所述蒸发/冷凝器133制冷剂换热侧134的一端，所述蒸发/冷凝器133制冷剂换热侧134的另一端经四通换向阀接口127通过四通换向阀129由四通换向阀接口126与所述制冷压缩机118的吸气端相连接，所述蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135的一端与所述能源塔147的喷淋装置149相连接，所述蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135的另一端通过水源循环泵136连接所述能源塔147，并与所述能源塔147内的防冻液/水148连通。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
所述闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统还包括闭式空气能塔154、喷淋泵162；
所述闭式能源能塔154包括塔喷淋泵162、至少一组盘管换热器155、喷淋装置157、防冻液/水165；
所述闭式能源能塔154底部配置所述防冻液/水储箱164，所述塔喷淋泵162的一端与所述防冻液/水储箱164连接，并与防冻液/水165连通，所述塔喷淋泵162的另一端与所述喷淋装置157相连接，并与喷淋装置157内液或水159连通；
所述闭式塔风机158配置在喷淋装置157的上方，所述喷淋装置158配置在所述闭式塔风机158的下方，且配置在所述盘管换热器155的上方，所述盘管换热器155的下方配置在所述防冻液/水储箱164的上部，并配置在所述防冻液/水165液面的上方，且空气只能由所述盘管换热器155外侧表面水平进入所述闭式能源能塔154内，并由闭式塔风机158排出所述闭式空能源塔154外。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括闭式塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
所述闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统还包括闭式能源能塔171、喷淋泵162；
所述闭式能源能塔171包括塔喷淋泵162、防冻液/水储箱164、盘管 换热器172、喷淋装置157、闭式塔风机158、塔填料173；
所述闭式空能源塔171底部配置所述防冻液/水储箱164，所述塔喷淋泵162的一端与所述防冻液/水储箱164连接并与防冻液/水165连通，所述塔喷淋泵162的另一端与所述喷淋装置157相连接，并与喷淋装置121内防冻液/水159连通，
所述闭式塔风机158配置在所述喷淋装置157的上部，所述喷淋装置157配置在所述闭式塔风机158与所述盘管换热器172、之间，且配置在所述盘管换热器172的上面，所述盘管换热器172的下部配置在所述塔填料173的上部，所述塔填料173的下部配置在所述防冻液/水储箱164的上部，并配置在防冻液/水165液面的上面，且空气只能由所述塔填料173水平进入所述闭式空能源塔171内，并通过盘管换热器172经闭式塔风机158风机排出所述闭式空能源塔171外，所述塔填料173下部配置在所述防冻液/水储箱164的上部且配置在防冻液/水165液面的上面。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
所述一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统包括热泵机组246、气液分离器243；
所述热泵机组246所述气液分离器243的进气接口244与四通换向阀接口126相连接，所述气液分离器243的排气接口245与制冷压缩机118的吸气端相连接，四通换向阀接口127与盘管换热器155的一端相连接，所述盘管换热器155的另一端通过膨胀阀122与冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的一端相连接，所述冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的另一端与四通换向阀接口125相连接。
在一个实施例中，所述电蓄能储能装置2中还包括一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
所述一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统包括热泵机组246、气液分离器243；
盘管换热器172的一端与四通换向阀接口127相连接，所述盘管换热器172的另一端通过膨胀阀122与冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的一端相连接，所述冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的另一端与四通换 向阀接口125相连接。
在一个实施例中，还包括第二热泵机组248；
所述第二级空调机组248包括第二压缩机251、冷凝器252、第二膨胀阀255、蒸发器256、单双级转换阀门249、250、259、260、261、262。
所述单双级转换阀门250的一端分别连接所述热泵机组117的冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门260的一端，所述热泵机组117的冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的另一端分别与所述单双级转换阀门249的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门261的一端相连接，所述单双级转换阀门250的另一端通过输出循环泵114与所述第二级空调机组248的蒸发器256水换热侧258的一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248的蒸发器256水换热侧258的另一端与所述单双级转换阀门249的另一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248蒸发器256制冷剂侧换热侧257的一端与所述第二制冷压缩机251的吸气端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248蒸发器256制冷剂侧换热侧257的另一端通过所述第二膨胀阀255与冷凝器252制冷剂换热侧253的一端相连接，所述冷凝器252制冷剂换热侧253的另一端与所述第二制冷压缩机251的排气端相连接，所述冷凝器252水换热侧254的一端通过所述单双级转换阀门259的一端分别与所述单双级转换阀门260的另一端，以及所述循环泵114的一端相连接，所述循环泵114的另一端与冷冻盘管换热器240的一端相连接，所述冷冻盘管换热器240的另一端通过耦合循环罐112分别与所述单双级转换阀门262的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门261的另一端相连接，所述单双级转换阀门262的另一端与所述所述第二级空调机组248冷凝器252水换热侧254的一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248冷凝器252水换热侧254的另一端与所述单双级转换阀门259的另一端相连接。
在一个实施例中，包括配置整体机房263、制冷机组95、热泵机组117、热泵机组246、第二级空调机组248、配置配电装置194、检测自控装置196、远程监控装置198、冷却塔104、能源塔147、闭式能源塔154、闭式能源塔171；
所述热泵机组117、制冷机组95、热泵机组246、第二级空调机组248、配电装置194、检测自控装置196、远程监控装置198均配置在所述整体 机房263内，并由工厂整体制造；
所述配电装置194包括配电柜197，所述配电柜197的输入端通过电源接口190、191、192、193与风、光伏电网1的三相电A、B、C相连接，所述配电柜197的输出端与整体机房263内用电设备的电源输入端相连接；
所述检测自控装置196包括检测和/或自动控制柜197，所述检测和/或自动控制柜197与整体机房263内所需检测控制设备端相连接；
所述远程监控装置198包括移动通信3G或4G或5G或无线局域网远程监控装置199，所述移动通信3G或4G或5G或无线局域网远程监控装置199与整体机房263内所述检测和/或自动控制柜197相连接；
所述冷却塔104或能源塔147或闭式能源塔154或闭式能源塔171配置在整体机房263的一侧或配置在整体机房263的上面，并由工厂整体集成组装制造。
有益效果：
1、本申请的一种光伏储能电站其容量可大可小，以适应风、光伏发电规模的需要，且绝对安全，并可以充分复制。大面积推广应用，完全可以吸纳风、光发电所配置的装机容量；
2、本申请的一种光伏储能电站不但可以解决风、光发电消纳的痛点，还可以解决火力发电夜间谷点吸纳的难题，其社会意义重大。
3、本申请的一种光伏蓄能电站不但可以蓄热，还能蓄冷，直接为用户供应采暖和生活热水，以及空调冷冻水，乃至冷库的冷媒，特别是在南方需要长期制冷空调和我国北方需要采暖供热地区，其性商业盈利效果巨大。
4、本申请的一种光伏蓄能电站将彻底改写风、光电不用再因为储能的难题而被视为垃圾电的历史。本申请将为人类大力发展绿色能源，特别是风、光伏发电事业创新了安全的储能技术设备基础，同时对风、光伏发电产供销的市场上下游整合其社会意义重大。
5、本申请的一光伏蓄能电站，可以适应户式分布光储充系统，特别是利用热泵蓄冷、蓄热其蓄冷的能效比能作到4～5；其蓄热在东三省严寒地区能实现能效比2～3，在华北地区能作到3～4左右的能效比进行售能。而电池蓄存电能再反回电能销售过程再加上损耗其能效估在0.6～0.8左右， 进行售电。因此热泵蓄能其经济放益远远大于蓄电池储能价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
附图1是本申请原理方框图；
附图2是本申请原理实施方框图；
附图3是本申请相变蓄热装置实施例；
附图4是本申请显热蓄热装置实施例；
附图5是本申请显热蓄热装置实施例；
附图6是本申请溶盐相变蓄热系统实施例；
附图7是本申请导热油显热蓄热系统实施例；
附图8是本申请水显热蓄热装置实施例；
附图9是本申请液态空气深冷蓄冷系统实施例示意图；
附图10是本申请液态空气深冷蓄冷空调制冷系统实施例示意图；
附图11是本申请冰蓄冷空调冷制系统实施例示意图；
附图12是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄冷空调制冷系统实施例示意图；
附图13是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能开式能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图；
附图14是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能闭式横流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图；
附图15是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能闭式逆流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图；
附图16是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能一次换热闭式流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图；
附图17是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能一次换热闭式逆流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图；
附图18是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能双机组整体机房式能源塔热泵空调 系统实施例示意图。
附图19是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能整体机房式能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图；
附图标记说明：
1、风、光伏电网、2、电蓄能储能装置、4、采暖供热空调系统、5、充电桩、6、照明和/或负载、7、相变蓄热装置、8、相变蓄热材料、9、电加热管、10、电加热管、11、电加热管、12、电加热管、13、电加热管、14、电加热管、15、供热盘管换热器、16、盘管换热器接口、17、盘管换热器接口、18、显热蓄热装置、19、显热蓄热材料、20、电加热管、21、电加热管、22、电加热管、23、供热盘管换热器、24、盘管换热器接口、25、盘管换热器接口、26、显热蓄热罐、27、显热蓄热材料、28、电加热管、29、电加热管、30、电加热管、31、供热盘管换热器、32、盘管换热器接口、33、盘管换热器接口、34、显热蓄热缓冲装置、35、输入盘管换热器、36、盘管换热器接口、37、盘管换热器接口、38、输出盘管换热器、39、输出盘管换热器接口、40、输出盘管换热器接口、41、耦合循环膨胀罐、42、耦合循环泵、43、显热蓄热输出装置、44、输入盘管换热器、45、输入盘管换热器接口、46、输入盘管换热器接口、47、输出盘管换热器、48、输出盘管换热器接口、49、输出盘管换热器接口、50、耦合循环膨胀罐、51、耦合循环泵、52、空调输出循环泵、53、暖气片、54、风及盘管空调器、55、洗浴装置、57、熔盐、58、导热油、59、水、63、空气压缩机、66、储气罐、67、输出接口、68、输出接口、69、换热器、70、接口、71、换热器、72、第一换热侧、73、第二换热侧、74、第三换热侧、81、膨胀机、82、膨胀机输出端、83、输入接口、84、液空储罐、85、内储罐、88、液空、89、节流阀、90、保温水箱、92、液空释放换热器、93、空气排放口、94冷冻水、95、制冷机组、96、制冷压缩机、97、冷凝器、98、制冷剂换热侧、99、水换热侧、100、蒸发器、101、水换热侧、102、膨胀阀、103、冷却水循环泵、104、冷却塔、105、塔风机、106、喷淋装置、107、进风口、109、接口、110、机组接口、112、耦合循环罐、112-1、蓄冰冷媒循环罐、112-2、蓄冰冷媒循环罐、113-1、冷媒、113-2、冷媒、114、耦合循环泵、114-1、冷媒循环泵、114-2、冷媒循环泵、115盘管接口、116、 塔喷淋泵、117、水源热泵机组、118、制冷压缩机、119、冷凝/蒸发器、120、水换热侧、121、制冷剂换热侧、122、膨胀阀、123、四通换向阀、124、四通换向阀接口、125、四通换向阀接口、126、四通换向阀接口、127、四通换向阀接口、128、四通换向阀、129、四通换向阀、133、蒸发/冷凝器、134、制冷剂换热侧、135、水换热侧、136、水源循环泵、141、蓄冰槽罐、144、蓄冰冷媒换热盘管、146、融冰换热盘管、147、能源塔、148、防冻液/水、149、喷淋装置、150、塔风机、151、进风口、154、闭式能源能塔、155、盘管换热器、157、喷淋装置、158、闭式塔风机、159、防冻液/水、162、塔喷淋泵、164、防冻液/水储箱、165、防冻液/水、171、闭式能源能塔、172、盘管换热器、173、塔填料、190、电源接口、191、电源接口、192、电源接口、193、电源接口、194、配置配电装置、195、配电柜、196、检测自控装置、197、检测和/或自动控制柜、198、远程监控装置、199、网远程监控装置、207、融冰冷冻水储罐、208、常温冷冻水、209、换热侧、210、二次换热侧、230、冷却水、231、有机溶液储槽、232、甲酸钠溶液、233、第一换热侧、234、第二换热侧、239、蓄能槽罐、240、盘管一次换热器、241、盘管二次换热器、243、蓄能水、244、进气接口、245、排气接口、246、热泵机组、248、第二热泵机组、249、单双级转换阀门、250、单双级转换阀门、251、第二压缩机、252、冷凝器、253、制冷剂换热侧、254、水换热侧、255、第二膨胀阀、256、蒸发器、257、制冷剂侧换热侧、258、水换热侧、259、单双级转换阀门、260、单双级转换阀门、261、单双级转换阀门、262、单双级转换阀门、263、整体机房。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语"中心"、"纵向"、"横向"、"长度"、"宽度"、"厚度"、"上"、"下"、"前"、"后"、"左"、"右"、"坚直"、"水平"、"顶"、"底"、"内"、"外"、"顺时针"、"逆时针"等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简 化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语"第一"、"第二"仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有"第一"、"第二"的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在本申请的描述中，"多个"的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。此外，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
图1，是本申请原理方框图。图中由风、光伏电网1、电蓄能储能装置2构成电蓄能储能装置。
所述风、光伏电网1通过风、光伏发电且并入公共电网系统，所述电蓄能储能装置2的输入端与风、光伏电网1相连接，利用电蓄能储能装置2根据需要吸纳风、光伏电网1的电能，并以蓄能方式储存电能，所述电蓄能储能装置2的输出端向用户供应所蓄能量。
附图2，是本申请原理实施方框图。附图2由风、光伏电网1、电蓄能储能装置2、采暖供热空调系统4、充电桩5、照明和/或负载6构成光伏蓄能电站。
由光伏、风力发电并入城市电网，向公共用电单位供电，当风、光伏电网1发电后并入电网售电同时通过充电桩5以及照明和/或负载6向用户供电。当城市电网在谷电时间段，由电蓄能储能装置2，吸纳风、光伏电网1夜间所没人用的电能，利用电蓄能储能装置2以热的形式将其存储起来，进入峰电时间段由电蓄能储能装置2通过采暖供热空调系统4采暖供热，并可向用户提供生活热水以及洗浴用水。
所述电蓄能储能装置2可以由相变蓄热装置或显热蓄热装置或热化学蓄热装置或吸附蓄热装置其中的任一种构成。
充电桩5可以为新能源汽车和电动车充服务。照明和/或负载6可以向公共场所供电照明系统以及用电终端所有电器设备供电。
附图3，是本申请相变蓄热装置实施例。附图3，由相变蓄热装置7、相变蓄热材料8、至少一组电加热管9、10、11、供热盘管换热器15构成电蓄能储能装置2。
该相变蓄热装置根据实际实际需要可以设置两组电加热管，其中一组电加热管9、10、11，设置在相变蓄热装置7的一侧，另一组电加热管12、13、14设置在相变蓄热装置7的上部。
相变蓄热装置7采用的相变蓄热材料8，电加热管9、10、11应该完全充分浸入所述相变蓄热材料8之中，所述电加热装置的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网1相连接。
相变蓄热装置7内供热盘管换热器15应浸入所述的相变蓄热材料8之中，供热盘管换热器15的盘管换热器接口16、17通过采暖供热空调系统4供热。
相变蓄热材料8种类繁多，但应该选择潜热焓值大的材料作为相变蓄热材料8，这样可以缩小蓄热容器的体积，具体选择这里就不一一叙述。
附图4，是本申请显热蓄热装置实施例。附图4由显热蓄热装置18、显热蓄热材料19、至少一组电加热管20、21、22、供热盘管换热器23构成电蓄能储能装置2
电加热管20、21、22浸入所述显热蓄热材料19之中，电加热管20、21、22的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网1相连接。
供热盘管换热器23浸入所述显热蓄热材料19之中，供热盘管换热器19的盘管换热器接口24、25与用户侧采暖供热空调系统4采暖供热及生活热水接口相连接。
附图5，是本申请显热蓄热装置实施例。附图5，由显热蓄热罐26、显热蓄热材料27、至少一组电加热管28、29、30、供热盘管换热器31构成电蓄能储能装置2。
所述电加热管28、29、30浸入所述显热蓄热材料27之中，所述电加热管装置28、29、30的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网1相连接。
供热盘管换热器31浸入所述显热蓄热材料27之中，所述供热盘管换热器31的盘管换热器接口32、33与采暖供热空调系统4相连接。
附图6是本申请溶盐相变蓄热系统实施例。附图6相变蓄热装置7由 熔盐57、导热油58、水59、显热蓄热缓冲装置34、显热蓄热输出装置43、耦合循环膨胀罐41、耦合循环泵42、空调输出循环52、暖气片53、及盘管空调器54、洗浴装置55构成电蓄能储能装置2。
图6中，显热蓄热缓冲装置34由导热油58、输入盘管换热器35、输出盘管换热器38构成。输入盘管换热器35浸泡在导热油58中，所述输出盘管换热器38浸泡在导热油57中。
图6中，显热蓄热输出装置43由显热材料水59、输入盘管换热器44、输出盘管换热器47构成。其输入盘管换热器44浸泡在水59之中，输出盘管换热器47浸泡在水59之中。相变蓄热装置7通过供热盘管换热器15的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口16与所述耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端相连接，耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口36与显热蓄热缓冲装置34的输入盘管换热器35的一端相连接，显热蓄热缓冲装置34的输入盘管换热器35的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口37连接耦合循环泵42的一端，耦合循环泵42的另一端通过供热盘管换热器接口17与供热盘管换热器15的另一端相连接。输出盘管换热器38的一端通过所述输出盘管换热器接口39与耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端相连接，耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口45连接显热蓄热输出装置43的输入盘管换热器44的一端，所述输入盘管换热器44的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口46与所述耦合循环泵42的一端相连接，耦合循环泵42的另一端通过输出盘管换热器接口40与输出盘管换热器38的另一端相连接，显热蓄热输出装置43的所述输出盘管换热器47的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口48分别与暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54以及洗浴装置55的一端相连接，显热蓄热输出罐43的输出盘管换热器47的另一端通过输出盘管换热器接口49、空调输出循环泵52分别与暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54以及洗浴装置55的另一端相连接。
附图6中相变蓄热装置7采用熔盐57，采用熔盐57的好处是，熔盐57相变化过程中可以存储大量的热量，其温度可以加热至500℃，最高可加热至600℃，是一种非常好的相变材料，可以大大缩小蓄热容器的体积，减小占地面积。另外熔盐57常温下是固体，利用电加热装置12、13、14将其加热至140℃以上时相变为液态，其流动性非常好，且粘度降低，可 以循环远距离输送作为高温热源供热，非常方便。
图6中，显热蓄热缓冲装置34采用导热油58是因为导热油温度可以达到350℃，且压力升高不大，并不对金属材料产生腐蚀，是一般导热介质所不具备的特性。
图6中，配置显热蓄热输出装置43是因为相变蓄热装置7采用熔盐57被电加热至300℃后，之直接由其采暖供热非常危险，因此由显热蓄热缓冲装置34采用导热油58将其缓冲与显热蓄热输出装置43换热至显热材料水59并降温显热材料水59将其控制住安全合适的采暖供热温度后输出供热。
附图7，是本申请导热油显热蓄热系统实施例。附图7电蓄能储能装置2由显热蓄热装置18、导热油58、水59、显热蓄热缓冲装置34、显热蓄热输出装置43、耦合循环膨胀罐41、耦合循环泵42、空调输出循环泵52、暖气片53、风及盘管空调器54、洗浴装置55构成。
显热蓄热装置18供热盘管换热器23的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口24连接耦合循环膨胀罐41的一端，耦合循环膨胀罐41的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口36与输入盘管换热器35的一端相连接，输入盘管换热器35的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口37与所述耦合循环泵42的一端相连接，耦合循环泵42的另一端经供热盘管换热器接口25与所述供热盘管换热器23的另一端相连接。
附图7中显热蓄热装置18采用导热油58，是因为导热油其安全性，方便存储以及输出循环流动的特点。但从蓄热焓值是不高的，相比水以及有机溶液焓值都低。显然焓值最高的依然是水，但是水以及一般有机盐类溶液最高温度受到限制，不能超过100℃，否则将相变气化，但有机溶液可以适应超过100℃的显热蓄热应用。
附图8是本申请水显热蓄热装置实施例。附图8中，电蓄能储能装置2由显热蓄热装置26、水59、显热蓄热输出装置43、耦合循环膨胀罐50、耦合循环泵51、空调输出循环泵52、暖气片53、风及盘管空调器54、洗浴装置55构成。
图中显热蓄热装置26的供热盘管换热器31的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口32与耦合循环膨胀罐50的一端相连接，耦合循环膨胀罐50的另 一端经输入盘管换热器接口45与显热蓄热输出罐43的输入盘管换热器44的一端相连接，输入盘管换热器44的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口46与耦合循环泵51的一端相连接，耦合循环泵51的另一端经供热盘管换热器接口33与供热盘管换热器31的另一端相连接。
由于显热蓄热装置26与显热蓄热输出装置43均采用水59，故蓄热温度不会超过100℃，因此两级已满足要求。
为了扩大光伏电网的经营效益，光伏电网不能只蓄热，还应蓄冷，，以及根据需要有选择的蓄热或蓄冷，以适应并扩大市场的需求，这样光伏电网经济效益将增加。
电蓄能储能装置2由相变空分蓄冷或冰蓄冷或冷冻水蓄冷或热泵有机溶液蓄冷/热或热泵导热油蓄冷/热或热泵水蓄冷/热系统中的任一种所构成。
其中相变空分蓄冷系统还包括液空、液氧、液氮、液氩以及液化石化天然气深冷系统中的任一种。
附图9，是本申请液态空气深冷蓄冷系统实施例示意图。附图9，相变液空蓄冷系统由空气压缩机63、储气罐66、换热装置69、换热器71、膨胀机81、液空储罐84、内储罐85、液空88构成。
空气压缩机63输入端与空气连通，空气压缩机63输出端连接储气罐66的输入端，储气罐66的输出端分两路与后续设备连接，其第一路与换热装置69内换热器71的第一换热侧72的一端相连接，换热装置69内换热器71的第一换热侧72的另一端与液空储罐84相连接，其第二路与换热器71的第二换热侧73的一端相连接，换热器71的第二换热侧73的另一端与膨胀机81的输入端相连接，膨胀机81的输出端与换热器71的第三换热侧74的一端相连接，换热器71的第三换热侧74的另一端与空气压缩机63的输入端相连接。
图中空气压缩机63由空气输入端经过滤压缩至储气罐66并存储，分两路输出。一路经储气罐66输出接口67通过换热器71接口70输入至换热器71的第一换热侧72。第二路由储气罐66输出接口68通过换热器71接口75输入至换热器71的第二换热侧73的一端，并经第二换热侧73的另一端通过膨胀机输入端80输入膨胀机81经膨胀机81膨胀后，压缩空 气的压力骤降，空气温度急剧下降为低温后由膨胀机输出端82，经换热器71接口77输入至换热器71的第三换热侧74，并利用膨胀机81膨胀得到的低温空气通过换热器71的第三换热侧74冷却通过换热器71第一换热侧72的压缩空气，并使之通过换热器71第一换热侧72的压缩空气温度降低至液态空气88，并经换热器接口78由液空储罐85的输入接口83进入液空储罐85之中，并存储在内采罐85内。
上述液空的制取过程只是示意过程，由于液空88温度达到-193℃左右，因此需要采用杜瓦瓶罐存储，杜瓦瓶属于双层金属结构并经高度真空保温。
附图10，是本申请液态空气深冷蓄冷空调制冷系统实施例示意图。附图11中，在相变液空蓄冷系统配置保温水箱90、液空释放换热器92、冷冻水94、空气排放口93、空调输出循环泵52、暖气片53、及盘管空调器54构成了液态空气深冷空调制冷系统。
保温水箱90内配置所述冷冻水94，液空释放换热器92配置在冷冻水94之中，被由液空释放换热器92的一端通过节流阀89与液空储罐84的内储罐85中的液空88相连通，液空释放换热器92的一端与所述空气排放口93连通。
空调输出循环泵52的一端与保温水箱90相连接，并与所述冷冻水94连通，空调输出循环泵52的另一端分别与暖气片53，以及盘管空调器54的一端相连接，所述暖气片53，以及所述盘管空调器54的另一端与保温水箱90相连接，并与所述冷冻水94连通。
通过调节节流阀89控制液空进入液空释放换热器92的流量，以达到向冷冻水94制冷量，将冷冻水94制冷降温至7℃水温，通过空调输出循环泵52循环输入暖气片53或风机盘管54，对室内房间制冷空调。释放冷量后的液空蒸发吸收冷冻水94中热量变成为空气后，通过空气排放口93排放至大气之中。
利用液空或液氮均可以实现上述制冷空调系统，液空成本最低，且是一种非常环保意义，空气就是天然的制冷剂冷媒系统，不会向化学制冷剂那样污染大气。
附图11，是本申请冰蓄冷空调冷制系统实施例示意图。附图11，冰蓄 冷系统由制冷机组95、冷却塔104、耦合循环罐112、蓄冰槽罐141、融冰冷冻水储罐207、冷却水循环泵103、冷媒循环泵114-1、114-2、空调输出循环泵52、暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54构成。
制冷机组95由制冷压缩机96、冷凝器97、膨胀阀102、蒸发器100构成。
冷却塔104由塔风机105、喷淋装置106、进风口107、冷却水230构成。塔风机105配置在喷淋装置106的上面，且喷淋装置106配置在塔风机105与进风口107之间，进风口107配置在冷却水230液面的上部，冷却水230配置在冷却塔104的下部。
蓄冰槽罐141由蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144、融冰换热盘管146，以及蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1、冷媒113-1构成。
上述冷媒113-1、113-2为防冻液构成。
制冷压缩机96排气端连接冷凝器97制冷剂换热侧98的一端，冷凝器97制冷剂换热侧98的另一端通过膨胀阀102连接所述蒸发器100制冷剂换热侧102的一端，蒸发器100制冷剂换热侧102的另一端与制冷压缩机96的吸气端相连接，冷凝器97水换热侧99的一端与喷淋装置106相连接，冷凝器97水换热侧99的另一端通过冷却水循环泵103与冷却塔104相连接，并与冷却塔104内的冷却水230连通，蒸发器100水换热侧101的一端与蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1的一端连接，并与冷媒113-1连通，蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1的另一端与蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144的一端相连接，蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144的另一端通过冷媒循环泵114-1与蒸发器100水换热侧101的另一端相连接，融冰换热盘管46的一端通过融冰循环罐112-2与融冰冷冻水储罐207一次换热侧209的一端相连接，并与冷媒113-2连通，所述融冰冷冻水储罐207一次换热侧209的另一端通过冷媒循环泵114-2与所述融冰换热盘管146的另一端相连接，融冰冷冻水储罐207二次换热侧210的一端分别连所述接暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54的一端相连接，暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54的另一端通过空调输出循环泵52与所述融冰冷冻水储罐207二次换热侧210的另一端相连接。
光伏电网谷电时间段，蓄冰运行时制冷机组95的制冷压缩机96运转，高压制冷剂排气由制冷压缩机96排气端进入冷凝器97的制冷剂换热侧 98冷凝放热至水换热侧99，通过冷却泵103循环的冷却水230由冷却塔104的接口109经冷却泵103通过水换热侧99将带有冷凝热的冷却水带走并输入喷淋装置106并喷淋出水雾与通过进风口107进入的空气逆向摩擦换热，将冷凝热传递给空气，由于塔风机105运转导致冷却塔104形成负压，空气经进风口107被进入，换热至空气的冷凝热通过空气经塔风机排向大气，完成冷凝作用。
上述高压制冷剂排气通过制冷压缩机96排气端进入冷凝器97的制冷剂换热侧98冷凝放热冷凝器97制冷剂换热侧98的制冷剂气体冷凝后形成液体制冷剂经膨胀阀102节流膨胀后，进入蒸发器100的制冷剂换热侧102蒸发吸收水换热侧101经冷媒循环泵114-1循环流通的冷媒113-1中的热量，导致液态制冷剂蒸发形成气态被制冷压缩机96吸气端吸入并继续压缩重复上述制冷压缩循环，并连续不断吸收冷媒113-1中的热量，导致冷媒113-1温度降低，经冷媒循环泵114-1循环，由盘管接口115进入蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144通过蓄冰冷媒换热盘管144表面与冰水145接触换热将冰水145带走由盘管接口150经蓄冰冷媒循环罐112-1由机组接口110进入蒸发器100水换热侧101，继续被制冷剂换热侧102蒸发吸热，进一步降低冷媒113-1温度最终将冰水145冻结成为冰。由于冰的潜热较其它介质大，因此蓄冷效果较好。待峰电时间段融冰冷冻水储罐207通过冷媒循环泵114-2循环的冷媒113-2进入，融冰冷冻水储罐207一次换热侧209经融冰循环罐112-2循环进入融冰换热盘管146用常温冷冻水208融化冰水145蓄成为的冰，由于冰融化时向外界吸收大量的热量导致融冰换热盘管146内循环的冷媒113-2温度降低并通过冷媒循环泵114-2循环进入融冰冷冻水储罐207通过一次换热侧209进一步向冷冻水208释放冷量，经过不断耦合循环冰被融化成为冰水，通过二次换热侧210由空调输出循环泵52就风机盘管空调器53向室内制冷空调。
附图12，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄冷空调制冷系统实施例示意图。附图13，有机溶液蓄冷系统由制冷机组95、冷却塔104、有机溶液储槽231、甲酸钠溶液232构成。
有机溶液储罐231内第一换热侧233的一端通过耦合循环罐41与所述蒸发器100的水换热侧101的一端相连接，所述蒸发器100的水换热侧 101的另一端通过耦合循环泵42与所述有机溶液储罐231内第一换热侧233的另一端相连接，所述有机溶液储罐231内第二换热侧234的一端分别与空调输出循环泵52、暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54的一端相连接，暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54的另一端通过空调输出循环泵52与述有机溶液储罐231内第二换热侧234的另一端相连接。
有机溶液储槽231内甲酸钠溶液232属于有机盐类溶液，较适合低温蓄冷，其优点是对金属材料腐蚀较轻，流动性强。
附图13，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能开式能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。附图13中，热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统由水源热泵机组117、能源塔147、蓄能槽罐239、空调输出循环泵52、暖气片53、风机盘管空调器54构成。
水源热泵机组117由制冷压缩机118、冷凝/蒸发器119、膨胀阀122、蒸发/冷凝器133、四通换向阀123构成。
能源塔147由塔风机150、喷淋装置149、进风口151、防冻液/水148构成。
蓄能槽罐239由盘管一次换热器240、盘管二次换热器241、蓄能水243构成。
蓄能槽罐239内冷冻盘管换热器240的一端通过耦合循环罐112连接冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的一端，冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的另一端通过耦合循环泵114与蓄能槽罐239内的冷冻盘管换热器240的另一端相连接，水源热泵机组117的制冷压缩机118排气经四通换向阀接口124通过四通换向阀128由四通换向阀接口125连接所述冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的一端，冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的另一端通过膨胀阀122连接蒸发/冷凝器133制冷剂换热侧134的一端，蒸发/冷凝器133制冷剂换热侧134的另一端经四通换向阀接口127通过四通换向阀129由四通换向阀接口126与制冷压缩机118的吸气端相连接，蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135的一端与能源塔147的喷淋装置149水换热侧135的一端与能源塔147的喷淋装置149相连接，蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135的另一端通过水源循环泵136连接能源塔147，并与能源塔147内的防冻液/水148连通。附图13与附图12除了附图13增加了四通换向阀 129外，可以实现制冷/制热转换之外，其他工作原理完全一样。由于制冷压缩机组是双向运行的，所以蒸发器叫蒸发/冷凝器，而冷凝器叫冷凝/蒸发器。
附图13是利用开式能源塔热泵夏季蓄结晶状态水，其目的是利用该状态的冰水其潜热与冰相当，但不需要融冰过程，节省大量的运行电能，且系统结构简单，造价比蓄冰便宜。冬季利用水蓄热，虽然没有电蓄体积小，但热泵蓄热其能效要比电蓄热高出近3～5倍。因此光伏储能远没有热泵储能经济效益大，且热泵储能安全可靠。
附图14，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能闭式横流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。附图14，闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统由
闭式能源能塔154塔喷淋泵162、至少一组盘管换热器155、喷淋装置157、防冻液/水165构成。
闭式能源塔154底部配置防冻液/水储箱164，塔喷淋泵162的一端与防冻液/水储箱164连接，并与防冻液/水165连通，塔喷淋泵162的另一端与喷淋装置157相连接，并与喷淋装置157内液或水159连通。闭式塔风机158配置在喷淋装置157的上方，喷淋装置158配置在闭式塔风机158的下方，且配置在盘管换热器155的上方，盘管换热器155的下方配置在防冻液/水储箱164的上部，并配置在防冻液/水165液面的上方。
附图14与附图13，所不同的是能源塔的不同，其它完全一样。运行时附图13蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135的冷/热介质换热利用水源循环泵136循环，直接通过开式能源塔147与空气接触换热，因此，效率较高。而附图14闭式能源塔154则是通过水源循环泵136在盘管换热器155的管内循环，再通过盘管换热器155的管外壁喷淋与空气换热，虽然可以获得较为清洁的蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135的循环，但效率没有开式能源塔高。具体水源热泵的工作原理完全一样不再重复。
附图15，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能闭式逆流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。附图15中，所述闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统还由闭式能源能塔171、喷淋泵162构成。
闭式能源能塔171包括塔喷淋泵162、防冻液/水储箱164、盘管换热器172、喷淋装置157、闭式塔风机158构成
闭式空能源塔171底部配置防冻液/水储箱164，塔喷淋泵162的一端与防冻液/水储箱164连接并与防冻液/水165连通，塔喷淋泵162的另一端与喷淋装置157相连接，并与喷淋装置121内防冻液/水159连通，闭式塔风机158配置在喷淋装置157的上部。
附图15与附图14的差别只是能源塔空气与喷淋水的换热方向不同，附图14是空气流动方向与喷淋液是附图15空气流动方向与喷淋液是反方向换热，因此称之为逆向能源塔。至于其他完全一样。
附图16，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能一次换热闭式流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。附图16，由一次换热闭式橫流能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统配置热泵机组246、气液分离器243构成。
附图16一次换热闭式流能源塔热泵空调系统与附图4、附图14和附图15所区别的是后者三个实施例属于二次换热结构，是因为附图14和附图15制冷剂循环换热是通过蒸发/冷凝器133制冷剂换热侧134与蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135完成一次换热，然后蒸发/冷凝器133水换热侧135再通过水源循环泵136在盘管换热器155或盘管换热器172的管内循环经其管壁以及管外壁喷淋的防冻液或水换热后并与塔风机158循环的空气完成二次换热。
这样由制冷剂几经至盘管换热器172的管外壁与喷淋液再与空气完成二次换热过程，将损失一定的能量。众所周知，每次换热都会产生2～5℃的换热损失，一次一次换热远高于二次换热的效率。所有附图16的一次换热能源塔提取空气能的效率大大高于附图13、14、15的二次能源塔的换热。
热泵机组246由气液分离器243的进气接口244与四通换向阀接口126相连接，气液分离器243的排气接口245与制冷压缩机118的吸气端相连接，四通换向阀接口127与盘管换热器155的一端相连接，盘管换热器155的另一端通过膨胀阀122与冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的一端相连接，冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的另一端与四通换向阀接口125相连接。配置气液分离器243是让盘管换热器155或盘管换热器172蒸发不彻底的制冷剂液体先进入气液分离器243沉淀，气态制冷剂由气液分离器243的排气接口245进入制冷压缩机118的吸气端，保证压缩 机吸入的全部是气体，其目的是为了防止制冷剂液击，保证制冷压缩循环的运行安全可靠。
附图17，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能一次换热闭式逆流能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。附图17也是一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统。
由一次换热闭式逆流能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统配置热泵机组246、气液分离器243构成。
盘管换热器172的一端与四通换向阀接口127相连接，所述盘管换热器172的另一端通过膨胀阀122与冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的一端相连接，冷凝/蒸发器119制冷剂换热侧121的另一端与四通换向阀接口125相连接。
附图18，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能双机组整体机房式能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。此图显示的空调系统是在图17显示的空调系统的基础上增加了第二热泵机组248；
所述第二级空调机组248包括第二压缩机251、冷凝器252、第二膨胀阀255、蒸发器256、单双级转换阀门249、250、259、260、261、262。
所述单双级转换阀门250的一端分别连接所述热泵机组117的冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门260的一端，所述热泵机组117的冷凝/蒸发器119水换热侧120的另一端分别与所述单双级转换阀门249的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门261的一端相连接，所述单双级转换阀门250的另一端通过输出循环泵114与所述第二级空调机组248的蒸发器256水换热侧258的一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248的蒸发器256水换热侧258的另一端与所述单双级转换阀门249的另一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248蒸发器256制冷剂侧换热侧257的一端与所述第二制冷压缩机251的吸气端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248蒸发器256制冷剂侧换热侧257的另一端通过所述第二膨胀阀255与冷凝器252制冷剂换热侧253的一端相连接，所述第二膨胀阀255与所述冷凝器252制冷剂换热侧253的另一端与所述第二制冷压缩机251的排气端相连接，所述冷凝器252水换热侧254的一端通过所述单双级转换阀门259的一端分别与所述单双级转换阀门260的另一端，以及所述循环泵114 的一端相连接，所述循环泵114的另一端与所述冷冻盘管换热器240的另一端通过耦合循环罐112分别与所述单双级转换阀门262的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门261的另一端相连接，所述单双级转换阀门262的另一端与所述所述第二级空调机组248冷凝器252水换热侧254的一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组248冷凝器252水换热侧254的另一端与所述单双级转换阀门259的另一端相连接。
附图19，是本申请冰晶冷冻水蓄能整体机房式能源塔热泵空调系统实施例示意图。附图18，由配置的整体机房263、制冷机组95、热泵机组117、热泵机组246、第二级空调机组248、配置配电装置194、检测自控装置196、远程监控装置198、能源塔147、闭式能源塔154、闭式能源塔171构成。
配电装置194由配电柜195，所述配电柜195的输入端通过电源接口190、191、192、193与电网三相四线制电源的三相电A、B、C相连接，配电柜195的输出端与用电设备的电源输入端相连接。
检测自控装置196包括检测和/或自动控制柜197，所述检测和/或自动控制柜197与所需检测控制设备端相连接。
远程监控装置198由移动通信3G或4G或5G或无线局域网远程监控装置199，移动通信3G或4G或5G或无线局域网远程监控装置199与检测和/或自动控制柜197相连接。
热泵机组117、配置配电装置194、检测自控装置196、远程监控装置198均配置在整体机房263内。并全部制造、安装均在工厂完成，实现安装现代化，以取代由农民工低水平工地现场施工安装，不但可以节省原材料，还可以节省用工成本，提高安装效率、水平以及质量。全部制冷设备、能源塔以及配电、自动控制乃至远程监控传输系统均配置在整体机房内，且整体出厂。特别适合于分布式光伏发电光伏储能系统应用，完全可以实现无人运行机房并远程监控，一切运行状况、故障明细以及运行工况的全部数据均远程传输至用户及工程专家远程与用户沟通处理。
能源塔147或闭式能源塔154或闭式能源塔171配置在整体机房263一侧或配置在整体机房263的上面，并整体集成制造还要考虑运输超高、超宽限制乃至于现场吊装方便。附图18，整体机房结构，更适宜光伏户式 分布光储充应用。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种光伏蓄能电站，包括风、光伏电网(1)、电蓄能储能装置(2)；
    所述风、光伏电网(1)通过风、光伏发电且并入公共电网系统；
    所述电蓄能储能装置(2)的输入端与风、光伏电网(1)相连接，利用电蓄能储能装置(2)根据需要吸纳风、光伏电网(1)的电能，并以蓄能方式将电能转换成为热量或冷量蓄存在电蓄能储能装置(2)之中，以储存电能，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)的输出端向用户供应所蓄能量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏蓄能电站，还包括采暖供热空调系统(4)、充电桩(5)、照明和/或负载(6)；
    所述风、光伏电网(1)与所述充电桩(5)以及所述照明和/或负载(6)的输入端相连接；
    所述电蓄能储能装置(2)的输出端与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的输入端相连接；
    所述采暖供热空调系统(4)包括采暖系统、生活热水系统、洗浴系统；
    所述充电桩(5)包括新能源汽车、电动车充电桩；
    所述照明和/或负载(6)包括室内外照明系统以及电力系统用电终端。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)包括相变蓄热装置(7)；
    所述相变蓄热装置(7)包括相变蓄热材料(8)、至少一组电加热装置(9、10、11)、供热盘管换热器(15)；
    所述相变蓄热装置(7)内存储所述相变蓄热材料(8)，所述电加热装置(9、10、11)浸入所述相变蓄热材料(8)之中，所述电加热装置(9、10、11)的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网(1)相连接；
    所述供热盘管换热器(15)浸入所述的相变蓄热材料(8)之中，所述供热盘管换热器(15)的盘管换热器接口(16、17)与采暖供热空调系统(4)相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)包括显热蓄热装置(18)；
    所述显热蓄热装置(18)包括显热蓄热材料(19)、至少一组电加热装置(20、21、22)、供热盘管换热器(23)；
    所述电加热装置(20、21、22)浸入所述显热蓄热材料(19)之中，所述电加热装置(20、21、22)的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网(1)相连接；
    所述供热盘管换热器(23)浸入所述显热蓄热材料(19)之中，所述供热盘管换热器(19)的盘管换热器接口(24、25)与用户侧采暖以及生活热水接口相连接。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)包括显热蓄热罐(26)、显热蓄热材料(27)、至少一组电加热装置(28、29、30)、供热盘管换热器(31)；
    所述电加热装置(28、29、30)浸入所述显热蓄热材料(27)之中，所述电加热装置(28、29、30)的电源接口A、B、C与风、光伏电网(1)相连接；
    所述供热盘管换热器(31)浸入所述显热蓄热材料(27)之中，所述供热盘管换热器(31)的盘管换热器接口(32、33)与采暖供热空调系统(4)相连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)还包括相变蓄热装置(7)、有机盐(57)、导热油或有机溶液(58)、水(59)、显热蓄热缓冲装置(34)、显热蓄热输出装置(43)、耦合循环膨胀罐(41)、耦合循环泵(42)、空调输出循环泵(52)、所述采暖供热空调系统(4)；
    所述相变蓄热装置(7)包括熔盐(57)、电加热装置(9、10、11)、供热盘管换热器(15)，所述电加热装置(9、10、11)浸泡在熔盐(57)之中，所述供热盘管换热器(15)浸泡在熔盐(57)之中；
    所述显热蓄热缓冲装置(34)包括所述导热油(58)、输入盘管换热器(35)、输出盘换热器(38)，所述输入盘管换热器(35)浸泡在导热油(58)中，所述输出盘管换热器(38)浸泡在导热油(57)中；
    所述显热蓄热输出装置(43)包括所述水(59)、输入盘管换热器(44)、输出盘管换热器(47)，所述输入盘管换热器(44)浸泡在水(58)之中，所述输出盘管换热器(47)浸泡在水(58)之中；
    所述相变蓄热装置(7)供热盘管换热器(15)的一端通过供热盘管换 热器接口(16)与所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口(36)与显热蓄热缓冲装置(34)的所述输入盘管换热器(35)的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热缓冲装置(34)的所述输入盘管换热器(35)的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口(37)连接所述耦合循环泵(42)的一端，所述耦合循环泵(42)的另一端通过所述供热盘管换热器接口(17)与所述供热盘管换热器(15)的另一端相连接，所述输出盘管换热器(38)的一端通过所述输出盘管换热器接口(39)与所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的另一端经所述输入盘管换热器接口(45)连接所述显热蓄热输出装置(43)的所述输入盘管换热器(44)的一端，所述输入盘管换热器(44)的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口(46)与所述耦合循环泵(42)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵(42)的另一端通过输出盘管换热器接口(40)与所述输出盘管换热器(38)的另一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出装置(43)的所述输出盘管换热器(47)的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口(48)分别与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出罐(43)的输出盘管换热器(47)的另一端通过输出循环泵(52)与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的另一端相连接。
  7. 根据权利要求4或6所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)还包括显热蓄热装置(18)、导热油(58)、水(59)、显热蓄热缓冲装置(34)、显热蓄热输出装置(43)、耦合循环膨胀罐(41)、耦合循环泵(42)、空调输出循环泵(52)、所述采暖供热空调系统(4)；
    所述显热蓄热装置(18)的供热盘管换热器(23)的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口(24)连接所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的一端，所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口(36)与输入盘管换热器(35)的一端相连接，所述输入盘管换热器(35)的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口(37)与所述耦合循环泵(42)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵(42)的另一端经供热盘管换热器接口(25)与所述供热盘管换热器(23)的另一端相连接；
    显热蓄热缓冲装置(34)的输出盘管换热器(38)的一端通过所述输出盘管换热器接口(39)与所述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的一端相连接，所 述耦合循环膨胀罐(41)的另一端经所述输入盘管换热器接口(45)连接所述显热蓄热输出装置(43)的所述输入盘管换热器(44)的一端，所述输入盘管换热器(44)的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口(46)与所述耦合循环泵(42)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵(42)的另一端通过输出盘管换热器接口(40)与输出盘管换热器(38)的另一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出装置(43)的所述输出盘管换热器(47)的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口(48)与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出罐(43)的输出盘管换热器(47)的另一端通过输出循环泵(52)与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的另一端相连接。
  8. 根据权利要求5或7所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)还包括显热蓄热装置(26)、水(59)、显热蓄热输出装置(43)、耦合循环膨胀罐(50)、耦合循环泵(51)、空调输出循环泵(52)、采暖供热空调系统(4)；
    所述显热蓄热装置(26)的供热盘管换热器(31)的一端通过供热盘管换热器接口(32)与所述耦合循环膨胀罐(50)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环膨胀罐(50)的另一端经输入盘管换热器接口(45)与显热蓄热输出罐(43)的所述输入盘管换热器(44)的一端相连接，所述输入盘管换热器(44)的另一端通过输入盘管换热器接口(46)与所述耦合循环泵(51)的一端相连接，所述耦合循环泵(51)的另一端经供热盘管换热器接口(33)与所述供热盘管换热器(31)的另一端相连接；
    所述显热蓄热输出装置(43)的所述输出盘管换热器(47)的一端通过输出盘管换热器接口(48)与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的一端相连接，所述显热蓄热输出罐(43)的输出盘管换热器(47)的另一端通过输出循环泵(52)与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的另一端相连接。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括相变液空蓄冷系统；
    所述相变液空蓄冷系统包括空气压缩机(63)、储气罐(66)、换热装置(69)、换热器(71)、膨胀机(81)、液空储罐(84)、内储罐(85)、液空(88)；
    所述空气压缩机(63)输入端与空气连通，所述空气压缩机(63)输 出端连接所述储气罐(66)的输入端，所述储气罐(66)的输出端分两路与后续设备连接，其第一路与所述换热装置(69)内所述换热器(71)的第一换热侧(72)的一端相连接，所述第一换热侧(72)的另一端与所述液空储罐(84)相连接，其第二路与所述换热装置(69)内所述换热器(71)的第二换热侧(73)的一端相连接，所述换热器(71)的第二换热侧(73)的另一端与所述膨胀机(81)的输入端相连接，所述膨胀机(81)的输出端与所述换热器(71)的第三换热侧(74)的一端相连接，所述换热装置(69)内换热器(71)的第三换热侧(74)的另一端与所述空气压缩机(63)的输入端相连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述相变液空蓄冷系统还包括保温水箱(90)、液空释放换热器(92)、冷冻水(94)、空气排放口(93)、空调输出循环泵(52)、采暖供热空调系统(4)；
    所述保温水箱(90)内配置所述冷冻水(94)，所述液空释放换热器(92)配置并浸泡在所述冷冻水(94)之中，所述液空释放换热器(92)的一端通过节流阀(89)与液空储罐(84)的内储罐(85)中的液空(88)相连通，所述液空释放换热器(92)的一端与所述空气排放口(93)连通；
    所述空调输出循环泵(52)的一端与所述保温水箱(90)相连接，并与所述冷冻水(94)连通，所述空调输出循环泵(52)的另一端分别与所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的一端相连接，所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的另一端与所述保温水箱(90)相连接，并与所述冷冻水(94)连通。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括冰蓄冷系统；
    所述冰蓄冷系统包括制冷机组(95)、冷却塔(104)、冷媒循环泵(114-1、114-2)、蓄冰槽罐(141)、融冰冷冻水储罐(207)、冷却水循环泵(103)、空调输出循环泵(52)、采暖供热空调系统(4)；
    所述制冷机组(95)包括制冷压缩机(96)、冷凝器(97)、膨胀阀(102)、蒸发器(100)；
    所述冷却塔(104)包括塔风机(105)、喷淋装置(106)、进风口(107)、冷却水(230)，所述塔风机(105)配置在所述喷淋装置(106)的上面，且所述喷淋装置(106)配置在所述塔风机(105)与所述进风口(107)之 间，所述进风口(107)配置在所述冷却水(230)液面的上部，所述冷却水(230)配置在所述冷却塔(104)的下部；
    所述蓄冰槽罐(141)包括蓄冰冷媒换热盘管(144)、融冰换热盘管(146)，蓄冰冷媒循环罐(112-1)、冷媒113-1，所述冷媒(113-1)为防冻液；
    所述融冰冷冻水储罐(207)包括一次换热侧(209)、二次换热侧(210)、融冰循环罐(112-2)，冷媒113-2，所述冷媒(113-2)为防冻液；
    所述制冷压缩机(96)排气端连接所述冷凝器(97)制冷剂换热侧(98)的一端，所述冷凝器(97)制冷剂换热侧(98)的另一端通过所述膨胀阀(102)连接所述蒸发器(100)制冷剂换热侧(102)的一端，所述蒸发器(100)制冷剂换热侧(102)的另一端与所述制冷压缩机(96)的吸气端相连接，所述冷凝器(97)水换热侧(99)的一端与所述喷淋装置(106)相连接，所述冷凝器(97)水换热侧(99)的另一端通过所述冷却水循环泵(103)与所述冷却塔(104)相连接，并与所述冷却塔(104)内的冷却水(230)连通，所述蒸发器(100)水换热侧(101)的一端与所述蓄冰冷媒循环罐(112-1)的一端连接，并与所述冷媒113-1连通，所述蓄冰冷媒循环罐(112-1)的另一端与所述蓄冰冷媒换热盘管(144)的一端相连接，所述蓄冰冷媒换热盘管(144)的另一端通过冷媒循环泵(114-1)与所述蒸发器(100)水换热侧(101)的另一端相连接，所述融冰换热盘管(146)的一端通过所述融冰循环罐(112-2)与所述融冰冷冻水储罐(207)一次换热侧(209)的一端相连接，并与冷媒(113-2)连通，所述融冰冷冻水储罐(207)一次换热侧(209)的另一端通过冷媒循环泵(114-2)与所述融冰换热盘管(146)的另一端相连接，所述融冰冷冻水储罐(207)二次换热侧(210)的一端分别连所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的一端相连接，所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的另一端通过空调输出循环泵(52)与所述融冰冷冻水储罐(207)二次换热侧(210)的另一端相连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括有机溶液蓄冷系统；
    所述热泵有机溶液蓄冷系统包括制冷机组(95)、冷却塔(104)、有机溶液储罐(231)、甲酸钠溶液(232)；
    所述有机溶液储罐(231)内第一换热侧(233)的一端通过耦合循环罐(41)与所述蒸发器(100)的水换热侧(101)的一端相连接，所述蒸发器(100)的水换热侧(101)的另一端通过耦合循环泵(42)与所述有机溶液储罐(231)内第一换热侧(233)的另一端相连接，所述有机溶液储罐(231)内第二换热侧(234)的一端分别通过空调输出循环泵(52)与采暖供热空调系统(4)的一端相连接，所述采暖供热空调系统(4)的另一端与述有机溶液储罐(231)内第二换热侧(234)的另一端相连接。
  13. 根据权利要求11或12所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
    所述热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统包括水源热泵机组(117)、能源塔(147)、蓄能槽罐(239)、空调输出循环泵(52)、采暖供热空调系统(4)；
    所述水源热泵机组(117)包括制冷压缩机(118)、冷凝/蒸发器(119)、膨胀阀(122)、蒸发/冷凝器(133)、四通换向阀(123)；
    所述能源塔(147)包括塔风机(150)、喷淋装置(149)、进风口(151)、防冻液/水(148)；
    所述蓄能槽罐(239)包括盘管一次换热器(240)、盘管二次换热器(241)、蓄能水(243)；
    所述蓄能槽罐(239)内盘管一次换热器(240)的一端通过耦合循环罐(112)连接所述冷凝/蒸发器(119)水换热侧(120)的一端，
    所述冷凝/蒸发器(119)水换热侧(120)的另一端通过耦合循环泵(114)与所述蓄能槽罐(239)内的盘管一次换热器(240)的另一端相连接，所述水源热泵机组(117)的所述制冷压缩机(118)排气经四通换向阀接口(124)通过四通换向阀(128)由四通换向阀接口(125)连接所述冷凝/蒸发器(119)制冷剂换热侧(121)的一端，所述冷凝/蒸发器(119)制冷剂换热侧(121)的另一端通过膨胀阀(122)连接所述蒸发/冷凝器(133)制冷剂换热侧(134)的一端，所述蒸发/冷凝器(133)制冷剂换热侧(134)的另一端经四通换向阀接口(127)通过四通换向阀((129)由四通换向阀接口(126)与所述制冷压缩机(118)的吸气端相连接，所述蒸发/冷凝器(133)水换热侧(135)的一端与所述能源塔(147)的喷淋装置(149)相连接，所述蒸发/冷凝器(133)水换热侧(135)的另一端通过水源循环 泵(136)连接所述能源塔(147)，并与所述能源塔(147)内的防冻液/水(148)连通。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
    所述闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统还包括闭式空气能塔(154)、喷淋泵(162)；
    所述闭式能源能塔(154)包括塔喷淋泵(162)、至少一组盘管换热器(155)、喷淋装置(157)、防冻液/水(165)；
    所述闭式能源能塔(154)底部配置所述防冻液/水储箱(164)，所述塔喷淋泵(162)的一端与所述防冻液/水储箱(164)连接，并与防冻液/水(165)连通，所述塔喷淋泵(162)的另一端与所述喷淋装置(157)相连接，并与喷淋装置(157)内液或水(159)连通；
    所述闭式塔风机(158)配置在喷淋装置(157)的上方，所述喷淋装置(158)配置在所述闭式塔风机(158)的下方，且配置在所述盘管换热器(155)的上方，所述盘管换热器(155)的下方配置在所述防冻液/水储箱(164)的上部，并配置在所述防冻液/水(165)液面的上方，且空气只能由所述盘管换热器(155)外侧表面水平进入所述闭式能源能塔(154)内，并由闭式塔风机(158)排出所述闭式空能源塔(154)外。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括闭式塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
    所述闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统还包括闭式能源能塔(171)、喷淋泵(162)；
    所述闭式能源能塔(171)包括塔喷淋泵(162)、防冻液/水储箱(164)、盘管换热器(172)、喷淋装置(157)、闭式塔风机(158)、塔填料(173)；
    所述闭式空能源塔(171)底部配置所述防冻液/水储箱(164)，所述塔喷淋泵(162)的一端与所述防冻液/水储箱(164)连接并与防冻液/水(165)连通，所述塔喷淋泵(162)的另一端与所述喷淋装置(157)相连接，并与喷淋装置(121)内防冻液/水(159)连通，
    所述闭式塔风机(158)配置在所述喷淋装置(157)的上部，所述喷淋装置(157)配置在所述闭式塔风机(158)与所述盘管换热器(172)、 之间，且配置在所述盘管换热器(172)的上面，所述盘管换热器(172)的下部配置在所述塔填料(173)的上部，所述塔填料(173)的下部配置在所述防冻液/水储箱(164)的上部，并配置在防冻液/水(165)液面的上面，且空气只能由所述塔填料(173)水平进入所述闭式空能源塔(171)内，并通过盘管换热器(172)经闭式塔风机(158)风机排出所述闭式空能源塔(171)外，所述塔填料(173)下部配置在所述防冻液/水储箱(164)的上部且配置在防冻液/水(165)液面的上面。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
    所述一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统包括热泵机组(246)、气液分离器(243)；
    所述热泵机组(246)所述气液分离器(243)的进气接口(244)与四通换向阀接口(126)相连接，所述气液分离器(243)的排气接口(245)与制冷压缩机(118)的吸气端相连接，四通换向阀接口(127)与盘管换热器(155)的一端相连接，所述盘管换热器(155)的另一端通过膨胀阀(122)与冷凝/蒸发器(119)制冷剂换热侧(121)的一端相连接，所述冷凝/蒸发器(119)制冷剂换热侧(121)的另一端与四通换向阀接口(125)相连接。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的光伏蓄能电站，其特征在于，所述电蓄能储能装置(2)中还包括一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统；
    所述一次换热闭式能源塔热泵冰晶蓄冷/水蓄热系统包括热泵机组(246)、气液分离器(243)；
    盘管换热器(172)的一端与四通换向阀接口(127)相连接，所述盘管换热器(172)的另一端通过膨胀阀(122)与冷凝/蒸发器(119)制冷剂换热侧(121)的一端相连接，所述冷凝/蒸发器(119)制冷剂换热侧(121)的另一端与四通换向阀接口(125)相连接。
  18. 根据权利要求13、14、15、16、17任一项所述的光伏蓄能电站，还包括第二热泵机组(248)；
    所述第二级空调机组(248)包括第二压缩机(251)、冷凝器(254)、 第二膨胀阀(255)、蒸发器(256)、单双级转换阀门(249、250、259、260、261、262、)
    所述单双级转换阀门(250)的一端分别连接所述热泵机组(117)的冷凝/蒸发器(119)水换热侧(120)的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门(260)的一端，所述热泵机组(117)的冷凝/蒸发器(119)水换热侧(120)的另一端分别与所述单双级转换阀门(249)的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门(261)的一端相连接，所述单双级转换阀门(250)的另一端通过输出循环泵(114)与所述第二级空调机组(248)的蒸发器(256)水换热侧(258)的一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组(248)的蒸发器(256)水换热侧(258)的另一端与所述单双级转换阀门(249)的另一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组(248)蒸发器(256)制冷剂侧换热侧(257)的一端与所述第二制冷压缩机(251)的吸气端相连接，所述第二级空调机组(248)蒸发器(256)制冷剂侧换热侧(257)的另一端通过所述第二膨胀阀(255)与冷凝器(252)制冷剂换热侧(253)的一端相连接，所述冷凝器(252)制冷剂换热侧(253)的另一端与所述第二制冷压缩机(251)的排气端相连接，所述冷凝器(252)水换热侧(254)的一端通过所述单双级转换阀门(259)的一端分别与所述单双级转换阀门(260)的另一端，以及所述循环泵(114)的一端相连接，所述循环泵(114)的另一端与冷冻盘管换热器(240)的一端相连接，所述冷冻盘管换热器(240)的另一端通过耦合循环罐(112)分别与所述单双级转换阀门(262)的一端，以及所述单双级转换阀门(261)的另一端相连接，所述单双级转换阀门(262)的另一端与所述所述第二级空调机组(248)冷凝器(252)水换热侧(254)的一端相连接，所述第二级空调机组(248)冷凝器(252)水换热侧(254)的另一端与所述单双级转换阀门(259)的另一端相连接。
  19. 根据权利要求11、12、13、14、15、16、17或18任一项所述的光伏蓄能电站，还包括配置整体机房(263)、制冷机组(95)、热泵机组(117)、热泵机组(246)、第二级空调机组(248)、配置配电装置(194)、检测自控装置(196)、远程监控装置(198)、冷却塔(104)、能源塔(147)、闭式能源塔(154)、闭式能源塔(171)；
    所述制冷机组(95)、热泵机组(117)、热泵机组(246)、第二级 空调机组(248)配电装置(194)、检测自控装置(196)、远程监控装置(198)均配置在所述整体机房(263)内，并由工厂整体制造；
    所述配电装置(194)包括配电柜(197)，所述配电柜(197)的输入端通过电源接口(190、191、192、193)与风、光伏电网(1)的三相电A、B、C相连接，所述配电柜(197)的输出端与整体机房(263)内用电设备的电源输入端相连接；
    所述检测自控装置(196)包括检测和/或自动控制柜(197)，所述检测和/或自动控制柜(197)与整体机房(263)内所需检测控制设备端相连接；
    所述远程监控装置(198)包括移动通信3G或4G或5G或无线局域网远程监控装置(199)，所述移动通信3G或4G或5G或无线局域网远程监控装置(199)与整体机房(263)内所述检测和/或自动控制柜(197)相连接；
    所述冷却塔(104)或能源塔(147)或闭式能源塔(154)或闭式能源塔(171)配置在整体机房(263)的一侧或配置在整体机房(263)的上面，并由工厂整体集成组装制造。
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