WO2022236908A1 - 微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机 - Google Patents

微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022236908A1
WO2022236908A1 PCT/CN2021/099270 CN2021099270W WO2022236908A1 WO 2022236908 A1 WO2022236908 A1 WO 2022236908A1 CN 2021099270 W CN2021099270 W CN 2021099270W WO 2022236908 A1 WO2022236908 A1 WO 2022236908A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microwave
pressure water
rock
cutting
waveguide
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/099270
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卢高明
洪开荣
潘东江
周建军
张理蒙
杨延栋
Original Assignee
盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室
中铁隧道局集团有限公司
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Application filed by 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室, 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 filed Critical 盾构及掘进技术国家重点实验室
Priority to DE212021000449.0U priority Critical patent/DE212021000449U1/de
Priority to US17/781,522 priority patent/US20230080875A1/en
Publication of WO2022236908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022236908A1/zh

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11—Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1066—Making by using boring or cutting machines with fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1073—Making by using boring or cutting machines applying thermal energy, e.g. by projecting flames or hot gases, by laser beams

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical and tunnel engineering, in particular to a hard rock tunnel boring machine combined with microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking.
  • High-pressure water cutting assisted rock breaking As for the high-pressure water cutting assisted rock breaking technology, the technology is relatively mature and has a wide range of application fields, which can be applied to petroleum, mining, shale gas exploitation and other fields.
  • High-pressure water cutting assisted rock breaking has the characteristics of cleanness, environmental protection, low energy and high efficiency, and easy realization.
  • Existing studies have shown that the use of high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking can reduce cutting mechanical force and thermal stress, reduce tool wear, prolong tool life, improve rock breaking performance, improve rock breaking efficiency, and reduce rock breaking costs.
  • the high-pressure water cutting assisted rock-breaking technology currently applied still has the problem of low rock-breaking efficiency.
  • Microwave heating-assisted rock-breaking technology has the characteristics of high efficiency, energy saving, and selective heating. Microscopic and macroscopic cracks can be generated inside the rock through microwave heating to reduce the rock strength. After the rock strength is reduced, the mechanical strength can be increased. Improve the penetration and service life of the rock-breaking tool, thereby reducing the wear of the mechanical tool and reducing the maintenance time of the mechanical rock-breaking equipment, thereby improving the rock-breaking efficiency.
  • the current microwave heating-assisted rock-breaking technology is still in the laboratory stage, and it can be truly integrated with the tunnel boring machine, and has not really been put into field engineering.
  • the present invention provides a hard rock tunnel boring machine combined with microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking, which can realize the combination of "one heat and one cold" under the joint action of microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting Assist in rock breaking, give full play to the advantages of tunnel boring machines in excavating hard rock tunnels, further reduce the wear of mechanical tools, and greatly improve rock breaking efficiency.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a hard rock tunnel boring machine combined with microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking, including a main body of the roadheader, a microwave heating auxiliary rock breaking system and a high pressure water cutting auxiliary rock breaking system
  • the microwave heating auxiliary rock-breaking system is arranged on the main body of the roadheader, and the rock is heated and cracked by the microwave heating auxiliary rock-breaking system;
  • the high-pressure water cutting auxiliary rock-breaking system is arranged on the roadheader body, and the The rock-breaking system is hydraulically cut by the auxiliary rock-breaking system;
  • the rock-breaking sequence is: first, the rock is heated and cracked by the microwave heating-assisted rock-breaking system, and then the rock is hydraulically cut by the high-pressure water cutting-assisted rock-breaking system, and then the main body of the roadheader Squeeze and break rocks.
  • the rock-breaking system assisted by microwave heating includes a microwave generator, an isolator, an adjuster, a first transmission waveguide, a turning waveguide, a rotating waveguide, a first power divider, a second transmission waveguide, a second power divider, and a third transmission waveguide.
  • the number of the second transmission waveguide is two, the number of the second power divider is two, the number of the third transmission waveguide is four, the number of the microwave heater
  • the number of rotating waveguides is four; the rotating waveguide is installed at the center of the cutter head of the roadheader body, the microwave output end of the rotating waveguide and the microwave input end adopt a coaxial sleeve structure, and the microwave output end of the rotating waveguide has a degree of freedom of rotation relative to the microwave input end , the microwave output end of the rotating waveguide is fixedly connected to the cutter head; the microwave generator is fixedly installed on the main beam of the roadheader body, and the microwave output end of the microwave generator and the microwave input end of the rotating waveguide pass through the isolator and the adjuster in turn 1.
  • the first transmission waveguide is connected with the turning waveguide; the isolator is used to absorb the microwave energy that is not absorbed by the rock and reflected back; the adjuster is used to automatically match and adjust the impedance so that the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator is fully absorbed by the rock.
  • the microwave input end of the first power divider is connected with the microwave output end of the rotating waveguide, and the microwave output end of the first power divider is divided into two routes for output, and each route is connected with a second transmission waveguide, each The microwave output end of a second transmission waveguide is connected with a second power divider; the microwave input end of the second power divider is connected with the microwave output end of the second transmission waveguide, and the microwave output of the second power divider
  • the end is also divided into two routes for output, each route is connected with a third transmission waveguide, and the microwave output end of each third transmission waveguide is connected with a microwave heater; the microwave heater is fixedly embedded in the cutter head In the microwave heating through hole on the rocker, the microwave output end of the microwave heater is directly facing the rock surface.
  • the high-pressure water cutting auxiliary rock-breaking system includes a high-pressure water booster device, a first high-pressure water pipe, a rotary joint, a flow divider, a second high-pressure water pipe, and a high-pressure water nozzle; the number of the second high-pressure water pipes is four, and the The number of high-pressure water nozzles is four;
  • the diverter is installed at the center of the cutterhead of the roadheader body, the diverter adopts a circular structure, the diverter is concentrically sleeved on the outside of the rotating waveguide, and the diverter is fixedly connected to the cutterhead;
  • the swivel joint adopts a circular structure, the swivel joint is concentrically set on the flow divider, the swivel joint is connected to the flow divider in a rotational and sealed manner, the flow divider is connected to the swivel joint, and the flow divider has a degree of freedom of rotation relative to the swivel joint; the high pressure
  • a water baffle is arranged on the cutter head between the microwave heater and the high-pressure water nozzle, the high-pressure water nozzle is adjacent to the hob on the cutter head, and the order of the microwave heater, water baffle, high-pressure water nozzle and hob Set on the cutting track of the hob, the microwave heater, water baffle and high-pressure water nozzle are located in front of the cutting track of the hob; the arrangement of the microwave heater, water baffle, high-pressure water nozzle and hob on the cutter head
  • the first distribution method is: the distance between microwave heaters, water baffles, high-pressure water nozzles and hobs on all cutting tracks is equal;
  • the second distribution method is: all cutting tracks
  • the microwave heaters are distributed along the same diameter direction on the cutter head, and the high-pressure water nozzles on all cutting tracks are distributed along the same diameter direction on the cutter head.
  • the hard rock tunnel boring machine combined with microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking of the present invention can realize the joint auxiliary rock breaking of "one hot and one cold" under the joint action of microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting, and fully utilize the tunnel boring machine.
  • the advantages of digging hard rock tunnels further reduce the wear of mechanical tools and greatly improve the efficiency of rock breaking.
  • Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the hard rock tunnel boring machine of microwave heating and high pressure water cutting combined auxiliary rock breaking of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the microwave heating assisted rock-breaking system of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the high-pressure water cutting auxiliary rock-breaking system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the microwave heating assisted rock-breaking system and the high-pressure water cutting assisted rock-breaking system inside the cutter head;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the microwave heater, water baffle, high-pressure water nozzle and hob on the cutter head of the present invention (the first arrangement);
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the microwave heater, water baffle, high-pressure water nozzle and hob on the cutter head of the present invention (the second arrangement);
  • I main body of roadheader
  • II microwave heating assisted rock breaking system
  • III high pressure water cutting assisted rock breaking system
  • 1 microwave generator
  • 2 isolatedator
  • 3 modulator
  • 4 first transmission waveguide
  • 5 turning waveguide
  • 6 rotating waveguide
  • 7 first power divider
  • 8 second transmission waveguide
  • 9 second power divider
  • 10 third transmission waveguide
  • 11 microwave heater
  • 12 knife Plate
  • 13 main beam
  • 14 high pressure water booster device
  • 15 first high pressure water pipe
  • 16 rotary joint
  • 17 distributor
  • 18 second high pressure water pipe
  • 19 high pressure water nozzle
  • 20 water retaining plate
  • 21 high pressure water nozzle
  • a hard rock tunnel boring machine combined with microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking, including a main body of the roadheader I, a microwave heating auxiliary rock breaking system II and a high pressure water cutting auxiliary rock breaking system III;
  • the microwave heating auxiliary rock breaking system II is set on the main body of the roadheader I, and the rock is heated and cracked by the microwave heating auxiliary rock breaking system II;
  • the high pressure water cutting auxiliary rock breaking system III is set on the roadheader main body I,
  • the rock is hydraulically cut through the high-pressure water cutting auxiliary rock breaking system III;
  • the rock breaking sequence is: firstly, the rock is heated and cracked through the microwave heating auxiliary rock breaking system II, and then the rock is hydraulically cracked through the high pressure water cutting auxiliary rock breaking system III cutting, and then the rock is squeezed and broken by the roadheader main body 1.
  • the microwave heating assisted rock breaking system II includes a microwave generator 1, an isolator 2, an adjuster 3, a first transmission waveguide 4, a turning waveguide 5, a rotating waveguide 6, a first power divider 7, a second transmission waveguide 8, The second power divider 9, the third transmission waveguide 10 and the microwave heater 11; the quantity of the second transmission waveguide 8 is two, the quantity of the second power divider 9 is two, the third transmission waveguide The quantity of waveguide 10 is four, and the quantity of described microwave heater 11 is four; Described rotating waveguide 6 is installed in the center of cutter head 12 of roadheader main body 1, and the microwave output end and microwave input end of rotating waveguide 6 adopt Coaxial sleeve structure, the microwave output end of the rotating waveguide 6 has a degree of freedom of rotation relative to the microwave input end, and the microwave output end of the rotating waveguide 6 is fixedly connected to the cutter head 12; On the main beam 13, the microwave output end of the microwave generator 1 is connected to the microwave input end of the rotating waveguide 6 sequentially through the isolator 2, the
  • the high-pressure water cutting auxiliary rock-breaking system III includes a high-pressure water booster device 14, a first high-pressure water pipe 15, a rotary joint 16, a flow divider 17, a second high-pressure water pipe 18 and a high-pressure water nozzle 19; the second high-pressure water pipe 18
  • the quantity is four, and the quantity of described high-pressure water nozzle 19 is four;
  • Described diverter 17 is installed in the center of cutter head 12 of roadheader main body 1, and diverter 17 adopts annular structure, and diverter 17 concentric sets On the outside of the rotating waveguide 6, the splitter 17 is fixedly connected to the cutterhead 12; the rotary joint 16 adopts a circular structure, the rotary joint 16 is concentrically sleeved on the splitter 17, and the rotary joint 16 is connected to the splitter 17 in a rotational and sealed manner.
  • the flow divider 17 communicates with the rotary joint 16, and the flow divider 17 has a degree of freedom of rotation relative to the rotary joint 16;
  • the water outlet end of the water outlet and the water inlet end of the rotary joint 16 are connected through the first high-pressure water pipe 15;
  • the outlet ends of the second high-pressure water pipes 18 are all connected with a high-pressure water nozzle 19; right.
  • a water baffle 20 is arranged, the high-pressure water nozzle 19 is adjacent to the hob 21 on the cutter head 12, the microwave heater 11, the water baffle 20.
  • the high-pressure water nozzle 19 and the hob 21 are sequentially arranged on the cutting track of the hob 21, and the microwave heater 11, the water baffle 20 and the high-pressure water nozzle 19 are located in front of the cutting track of the hob 21; the microwave heater 11,
  • the first distribution method is: microwave heater 11, water baffle 20, high-pressure water The distance between the nozzle 19 and the hob 21 is equal;
  • the second distribution method is: the microwave heaters 11 on all cutting tracks are distributed along the same diameter direction on the cutter head 12, and the high-pressure water nozzles 19 on all cutting tracks are distributed along the The same diameter direction distribution on the cutterhead 12.
  • the hard rock tunnel boring machine of the present invention When the hard rock tunnel boring machine of the present invention combines microwave heating and high-pressure water cutting to assist rock breaking to excavate a hard rock tunnel, first control the rotation of the cutter head 12, and start the microwave heating assisted rock breaking system II and high pressure water cutting assisted rock breaking In system III, the rotating cutter head 12 drives the hob 21 to push into the face rock.
  • the face rock is firstly heated and cracked by the microwave energy output by the microwave heater 11, and then heated and cracked by the high-pressure
  • the high-pressure water jet output by the water nozzle 19 realizes hydraulic cutting, and finally the rock is squeezed and broken by the hob 21 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，包括掘进机主体（I）、微波加热辅助破岩系统（II）及高压水切割辅助破岩系统（III）；微波加热辅助破岩系统（II）设置在掘进机主体（I）上，通过微波加热辅助破岩系统（II）对岩石进行加热致裂；高压水切割辅助破岩系统（III）设置在掘进机主体（I）上，通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统（III）对岩石进行水力切割；破岩顺序为：先通过微波加热辅助破岩系统（II）对岩石进行加热致裂，再通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统（III）对岩石进行水力切割，然后通过掘进机主体（I）对岩石进行挤压破碎。

Description

微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机 技术领域
本发明属于岩土及隧道工程技术领域，特别是涉及一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机。
 背景技术
隧道掘进机在开挖硬岩隧道时，机械刀具磨损严重是硬岩隧道掘进过程中的关键工程难题，不但会增大检修时间和检修成本，而且容易造成工期延误。为此，高压水切割、微波加热等辅助破岩技术被逐渐引入隧道掘进机的设计中。
对于高压水切割辅助破岩技术来说，技术已经较为成熟，应用领域也较为广泛，可应用于石油、采矿、页岩气开采等领域。高压水切割辅助破岩具有清洁环保、低能高效、易于实现等特点。已有研究表明，利用高压水切割辅助破岩能够降低刀具切削机械力和热应力、减少刀具磨损、延长刀具寿命、提升破岩性能、提高破岩效率以及降低破岩成本。但是，现阶段应用的高压水切割辅助破岩技术仍存在破岩效率较低的问题。
对于微波加热辅助破岩技术来说，具有高效、节能、选择性加热等特点，通过微波加热可以使岩石内部产生微观和宏观裂纹，以降低岩石强度，在岩石强度的降低后，便可以增加机械破岩刀具的贯入度和使用寿命，从而降低机械刀具磨损，减少了机械破岩设备的检修时间，进而提高了破岩效率。但是，目前的微波加热辅助破岩技术仍停留在实验室阶段，还有能够真正与隧道掘进机实现工程结合，也没有真正投入到现场工程中。
因此，为了在现场工程中进一步提高硬岩隧道掘进机的掘进效率，有必要将高压水切割辅助破岩技术与微波加热辅助破岩技术融合到同一台隧道掘进机中，以充分发挥高压水切割辅助破岩技术与微波加热辅助破岩技术的优势。
 技术解决方案
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，能够在微波加热和高压水切割共同作用下实现“一热一冷”的联合辅助破岩，充分发挥隧道掘进机开挖硬岩隧道的优势，进一步降低机械刀具磨损，大幅度提高破岩效率。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，包括掘进机主体、微波加热辅助破岩系统及高压水切割辅助破岩系统；所述微波加热辅助破岩系统设置在掘进机主体上，通过微波加热辅助破岩系统对岩石进行加热致裂；所述高压水切割辅助破岩系统设置在掘进机主体上，通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统对岩石进行水力切割；破岩顺序为：先通过微波加热辅助破岩系统对岩石进行加热致裂，再通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统对岩石进行水力切割，然后通过掘进机主体对岩石进行挤压破碎。
所述微波加热辅助破岩系统包括微波发生器、隔离器、调配器、第一传输波导、转弯波导、旋转波导、第一功率分配器、第二传输波导、第二功率分配器、第三传输波导及微波加热器；所述第二传输波导的数量为两根，所述第二功率分配器的数量为两个，所述第三传输波导的数量为四根，所述微波加热器的数量为四个；所述旋转波导安装在掘进机主体的刀盘中心处，旋转波导的微波输出端与微波输入端采用同轴套装结构，旋转波导的微波输出端相对于微波输入端具有回转自由度，旋转波导的微波输出端与刀盘固定连接；所述微波发生器固定安装在掘进机主体的主梁上，微波发生器的微波输出端与旋转波导的微波输入端依次通过隔离器、调配器、第一传输波导及转弯波导相连；所述隔离器用于吸收未被岩石吸收而反射回的微波能量；所述调配器用于对阻抗进行自动匹配调节，使微波发生器产生的微波能量被岩石充分吸收；所述第一功率分配器的微波输入端与旋转波导的微波输出端相连，第一功率分配器的微波输出端分两路进行输出，每一路均与一根第二传输波导相连，每一根第二传输波导的微波输出端均连接有一个第二功率分配器；所述第二功率分配器的微波输入端与第二传输波导的微波输出端相连，第二功率分配器的微波输出端也分两路进行输出，每一路均与一根第三传输波导相连，每一根第三传输波导的微波输出端均连接有一个微波加热器；所述微波加热器固定嵌装在刀盘上的微波加热通孔内，微波加热器的微波输出端与岩石表面正对。
所述高压水切割辅助破岩系统包括高压水增压装置、第一高压水管、回转接头、分流器、第二高压水管及高压水喷头；所述第二高压水管的数量为四根，所述高压水喷头的数量为四个；所述分流器安装在掘进机主体的刀盘中心处，分流器采用圆环形结构，分流器同心套在旋转波导的外侧，分流器与刀盘固定连接；所述回转接头采用圆环形结构，回转接头同心套装在分流器上，回转接头与分流器转动密封连接，分流器与回转接头相连通，分流器相对于回转接头具有回转自由度；所述高压水增压装置固定安装在掘进机主体的主梁上，高压水增压装置的出水端与回转接头的进水端通过第一高压水管相连通；所述分流器的出水端分四路输出，每一路均与一根第二高压水管相连通，每一根第二高压水管的出水端均连接有一个高压水喷头；所述高压水喷头固定嵌装在刀盘上的高压水喷射通孔内，高压水喷头的喷射端与岩石表面正对。
在所述微波加热器与高压水喷头之间的刀盘上设置有挡水板，高压水喷头与刀盘上的滚刀相邻，微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀顺序设置在滚刀切削轨迹上，微波加热器、挡水板及高压水喷头位于滚刀切削轨迹的前方；所述微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀在刀盘上的布置方式有两种；第一种分布方式为：在所有切削轨迹上的微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀之间的间距均相等；第二种分布方式为：所有切削轨迹上的微波加热器沿刀盘上的同一直径方向分布，所有切削轨迹上的高压水喷头沿刀盘上的同一直径方向分布。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果：
本发明的微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，能够在微波加热和高压水切割共同作用下实现“一热一冷”的联合辅助破岩，充分发挥隧道掘进机开挖硬岩隧道的优势，进一步降低机械刀具磨损，大幅度提高破岩效率。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机的结构示意图；
图2为本发明的微波加热辅助破岩系统的结构示意图；
图3为本发明的高压水切割辅助破岩系统的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的微波加热辅助破岩系统及高压水切割辅助破岩系统在刀盘内部的布置示意图；
图5为本发明的微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀在刀盘上的布置示意图（第一种布置方式）；
图6为本发明的微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀在刀盘上的布置示意图（第二种布置方式）；
图中，I—掘进机主体，II—微波加热辅助破岩系统，III—高压水切割辅助破岩系统，1—微波发生器，2—隔离器，3—调配器，4—第一传输波导，5—转弯波导，6—旋转波导，7—第一功率分配器，8—第二传输波导，9—第二功率分配器，10—第三传输波导，11—微波加热器，12—刀盘，13—主梁，14—高压水增压装置，15—第一高压水管，16—回转接头，17—分流器，18—第二高压水管，19—高压水喷头，20—挡水板，21—滚刀。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
如图1～6所示，一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，包括掘进机主体I、微波加热辅助破岩系统II及高压水切割辅助破岩系统III；所述微波加热辅助破岩系统II设置在掘进机主体I上，通过微波加热辅助破岩系统II对岩石进行加热致裂；所述高压水切割辅助破岩系统III设置在掘进机主体I上，通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统III对岩石进行水力切割；破岩顺序为：先通过微波加热辅助破岩系统II对岩石进行加热致裂，再通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统III对岩石进行水力切割，然后通过掘进机主体I对岩石进行挤压破碎。
所述微波加热辅助破岩系统II包括微波发生器1、隔离器2、调配器3、第一传输波导4、转弯波导5、旋转波导6、第一功率分配器7、第二传输波导8、第二功率分配器9、第三传输波导10及微波加热器11；所述第二传输波导8的数量为两根，所述第二功率分配器9的数量为两个，所述第三传输波导10的数量为四根，所述微波加热器11的数量为四个；所述旋转波导6安装在掘进机主体I的刀盘12中心处，旋转波导6的微波输出端与微波输入端采用同轴套装结构，旋转波导6的微波输出端相对于微波输入端具有回转自由度，旋转波导6的微波输出端与刀盘12固定连接；所述微波发生器1固定安装在掘进机主体I的主梁13上，微波发生器1的微波输出端与旋转波导6的微波输入端依次通过隔离器2、调配器3、第一传输波导4及转弯波导5相连；所述隔离器2用于吸收未被岩石吸收而反射回的微波能量；所述调配器3用于对阻抗进行自动匹配调节，使微波发生器1产生的微波能量被岩石充分吸收；所述第一功率分配器7的微波输入端与旋转波导6的微波输出端相连，第一功率分配器7的微波输出端分两路进行输出，每一路均与一根第二传输波导8相连，每一根第二传输波导8的微波输出端均连接有一个第二功率分配器9；所述第二功率分配器9的微波输入端与第二传输波导8的微波输出端相连，第二功率分配器9的微波输出端也分两路进行输出，每一路均与一根第三传输波导10相连，每一根第三传输波导10的微波输出端均连接有一个微波加热器11；所述微波加热器11固定嵌装在刀盘12上的微波加热通孔内，微波加热器11的微波输出端与岩石表面正对。
所述高压水切割辅助破岩系统III包括高压水增压装置14、第一高压水管15、回转接头16、分流器17、第二高压水管18及高压水喷头19；所述第二高压水管18的数量为四根，所述高压水喷头19的数量为四个；所述分流器17安装在掘进机主体I的刀盘12中心处，分流器17采用圆环形结构，分流器17同心套在旋转波导6的外侧，分流器17与刀盘12固定连接；所述回转接头16采用圆环形结构，回转接头16同心套装在分流器17上，回转接头16与分流器17转动密封连接，分流器17与回转接头16相连通，分流器17相对于回转接头16具有回转自由度；所述高压水增压装置14固定安装在掘进机主体I的主梁13上，高压水增压装置14的出水端与回转接头16的进水端通过第一高压水管15相连通；所述分流器17的出水端分四路输出，每一路均与一根第二高压水管18相连通，每一根第二高压水管18的出水端均连接有一个高压水喷头19；所述高压水喷头19固定嵌装在刀盘12上的高压水喷射通孔内，高压水喷头19的喷射端与岩石表面正对。
在所述微波加热器11与高压水喷头19之间的刀盘12上设置有挡水板20，高压水喷头19与刀盘12上的滚刀21相邻，微波加热器11、挡水板20、高压水喷头19及滚刀21顺序设置在滚刀21切削轨迹上，微波加热器11、挡水板20及高压水喷头19位于滚刀21切削轨迹的前方；所述微波加热器11、挡水板20、高压水喷头19及滚刀21在刀盘12上的布置方式有两种；第一种分布方式为：在所有切削轨迹上的微波加热器11、挡水板20、高压水喷头19及滚刀21之间的间距均相等；第二种分布方式为：所有切削轨迹上的微波加热器11沿刀盘12上的同一直径方向分布，所有切削轨迹上的高压水喷头19沿刀盘12上的同一直径方向分布。
当本发明的微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机开挖硬岩隧道时，先控制刀盘12转动，同时启动微波加热辅助破岩系统II和高压水切割辅助破岩系统III，通过转动的刀盘12带动滚刀21推入掌子面岩石，在刀盘12转动过程中，掌子面岩石首先通过微波加热器11输出的微波能量实现加热致裂，再通过高压水喷头19输出的高压水射流实现水力切割，最后再通过滚刀21对岩石进行挤压破碎。在连续破岩过程中，由于挡水板20的存在，可以避免高压水飞溅进入微波加热器11内，从而防止微波能量的损耗。此外，为了保证最佳的微波加热致裂效果以及水力切割效果，需要使微波加热器11和高压水喷头19与掌子面岩石之间保持一定的距离。
实施例中的方案并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均包含于本案的专利范围中。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，其特征在于：包括掘进机主体、微波加热辅助破岩系统及高压水切割辅助破岩系统；所述微波加热辅助破岩系统设置在掘进机主体上，通过微波加热辅助破岩系统对岩石进行加热致裂；所述高压水切割辅助破岩系统设置在掘进机主体上，通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统对岩石进行水力切割；破岩顺序为：先通过微波加热辅助破岩系统对岩石进行加热致裂，再通过高压水切割辅助破岩系统对岩石进行水力切割，然后通过掘进机主体对岩石进行挤压破碎。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，其特征在于：所述微波加热辅助破岩系统包括微波发生器、隔离器、调配器、第一传输波导、转弯波导、旋转波导、第一功率分配器、第二传输波导、第二功率分配器、第三传输波导及微波加热器；所述第二传输波导的数量为两根，所述第二功率分配器的数量为两个，所述第三传输波导的数量为四根，所述微波加热器的数量为四个；所述旋转波导安装在掘进机主体的刀盘中心处，旋转波导的微波输出端与微波输入端采用同轴套装结构，旋转波导的微波输出端相对于微波输入端具有回转自由度，旋转波导的微波输出端与刀盘固定连接；所述微波发生器固定安装在掘进机主体的主梁上，微波发生器的微波输出端与旋转波导的微波输入端依次通过隔离器、调配器、第一传输波导及转弯波导相连；所述隔离器用于吸收未被岩石吸收而反射回的微波能量；所述调配器用于对阻抗进行自动匹配调节，使微波发生器产生的微波能量被岩石充分吸收；所述第一功率分配器的微波输入端与旋转波导的微波输出端相连，第一功率分配器的微波输出端分两路进行输出，每一路均与一根第二传输波导相连，每一根第二传输波导的微波输出端均连接有一个第二功率分配器；所述第二功率分配器的微波输入端与第二传输波导的微波输出端相连，第二功率分配器的微波输出端也分两路进行输出，每一路均与一根第三传输波导相连，每一根第三传输波导的微波输出端均连接有一个微波加热器；所述微波加热器固定嵌装在刀盘上的微波加热通孔内，微波加热器的微波输出端与岩石表面正对。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，其特征在于：所述高压水切割辅助破岩系统包括高压水增压装置、第一高压水管、回转接头、分流器、第二高压水管及高压水喷头；所述第二高压水管的数量为四根，所述高压水喷头的数量为四个；所述分流器安装在掘进机主体的刀盘中心处，分流器采用圆环形结构，分流器同心套在旋转波导的外侧，分流器与刀盘固定连接；所述回转接头采用圆环形结构，回转接头同心套装在分流器上，回转接头与分流器转动密封连接，分流器与回转接头相连通，分流器相对于回转接头具有回转自由度；所述高压水增压装置固定安装在掘进机主体的主梁上，高压水增压装置的出水端与回转接头的进水端通过第一高压水管相连通；所述分流器的出水端分四路输出，每一路均与一根第二高压水管相连通，每一根第二高压水管的出水端均连接有一个高压水喷头；所述高压水喷头固定嵌装在刀盘上的高压水喷射通孔内，高压水喷头的喷射端与岩石表面正对。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种微波加热与高压水切割联合辅助破岩的硬岩隧道掘进机，其特征在于：在所述微波加热器与高压水喷头之间的刀盘上设置有挡水板，高压水喷头与刀盘上的滚刀相邻，微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀顺序设置在滚刀切削轨迹上，微波加热器、挡水板及高压水喷头位于滚刀切削轨迹的前方；所述微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀在刀盘上的布置方式有两种；第一种分布方式为：在所有切削轨迹上的微波加热器、挡水板、高压水喷头及滚刀之间的间距均相等；第二种分布方式为：所有切削轨迹上的微波加热器沿刀盘上的同一直径方向分布，所有切削轨迹上的高压水喷头沿刀盘上的同一直径方向分布。
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