WO2022236771A1 - Communication multitrajet - Google Patents

Communication multitrajet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022236771A1
WO2022236771A1 PCT/CN2021/093584 CN2021093584W WO2022236771A1 WO 2022236771 A1 WO2022236771 A1 WO 2022236771A1 CN 2021093584 W CN2021093584 W CN 2021093584W WO 2022236771 A1 WO2022236771 A1 WO 2022236771A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
path
messages
network node
network
multiple paths
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PCT/CN2021/093584
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English (en)
Inventor
Weiqiang Jiang
Xin Nie
Bo ZHONG
Jun Wu
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Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)
Weiqiang Jiang
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/093584 priority Critical patent/WO2022236771A1/fr
Publication of WO2022236771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022236771A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/21—Monitoring or handling of messages
    • H04L51/23—Reliability checks, e.g. acknowledgments or fault reporting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/21—Monitoring or handling of messages
    • H04L51/214—Monitoring or handling of messages using selective forwarding

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is related to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, network nodes and methods at the network nodes for multi-path communication.
  • a private mobile network may be a 5G system optimized for a specific industrial or enterprise use case (like Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT) , where specific requirements play an important role (like QoS, latency, mobility, security) .
  • a Mobile Network Operator MNO
  • MNO Mobile Network Operator
  • LSA License Shared Access
  • LAA License Assisted Access
  • NR-U New Radio -Unlicensed
  • a standalone private mobile network is a mobile network deployed at the enterprise, completely isolated from the public network provided by MNO. None prevents the MNO to deploy such independent networks, but the important thing is that those networks are not relying on and do not interact with the MNO′s large scale network. In such a case, the enterprise stores user and subscription databases locally. Also, the control of the network and data services are handled locally by the enterprise. Therefore, in this option, the network operates on a dedicated spectrum (or use unlicensed) .
  • RAN and signaling shared option is where the services are handled locally within the enterprise, while the RAN (and spectrum) is shared with the public network. Network and user control is also handled by the MNO. Thus, the N2 and N4 interfaces are terminated at the 5GC within the public network domain.
  • the slicing concept introduced in the 5G standardization is used to realize a virtual network for a specific application, which is logically separated from other virtual networks.
  • resources are isolated such that the service level agreement (SLA) for a specific enterprise is kept safe and does not interfere with other slices and vice versa.
  • SLA service level agreement
  • a method at a first network node for multi-path communication between the first network node and a second network node comprises: transmitting, to the second network node, a first message via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes; and determining that the transmission of the first message is successful in response to receiving, from the second network node, at least one acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first message via at least one of the one or more paths.
  • the step of transmitting, to the second network node, a first message via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes comprises: transmitting, to the second network node, the first message via each of the multiple paths concurrently.
  • the method further comprises: counting a number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via a first path for a first time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the first path with a first threshold; and preventing the first path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the first path is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the method further comprises: counting a number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via a second path for a second time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the second path with a second threshold; and preventing other paths than the second path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the second path is less than or equal to the second threshold.
  • the method further comprises: counting respective numbers of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the multiple paths for a second time period, respectively; comparing the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the multiple paths with respective second thresholds, respectively; and selecting one of the multiple paths for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the multiple paths are less than or equal to the respective second thresholds, respectively.
  • the method further comprises: counting a number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the selected path for a third time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the selected path with a third threshold; and selecting at least one other path than the selected path for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the selected path is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • link status of each of the multiple paths is monitored by the first network node via the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) .
  • the first message is encrypted by using Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) or Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) before it is transmitted over an insecure path.
  • L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
  • IPSec Internet Protocol Security
  • the first network node is one of: a User Plane Function (UPF) ; and a Session Management Function (SMF) .
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the multiple paths comprise at least one of: a path over a dedicated wired line for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; a path comprising a radio link for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; and a path over an insecure Internet connection between the first and second network nodes.
  • a first network node comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods of the first aspect.
  • a method at a second network node for multi-path communication between the second network node and a first network node comprises: receiving, from the first network node, one or more first messages via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes, respectively; and transmitting, to the first network node, one or more acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first messages via the one or more paths, respectively.
  • the method further comprises: determining that the transmissions of the first messages via the rest of the multiple paths, over which the first messages are not received, are failed. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: processing one of the received first messages while discarding other first messages. In some embodiments, the first message that is processed is the first message that is received earliest. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: counting a number of messages that are not successfully received via a first path for a first time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully received via the first path with a first threshold; and communicating with the first network node to prevent the first path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully received via the first path is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the method further comprises: counting a number of messages that are not successfully received via a second path for a second time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully received via the second path with a second threshold; and communicating with the first network node to prevent other paths than the second path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully received via the second path is less than or equal to the second threshold.
  • the method further comprises: counting respective numbers of messages that are not successfully received via the multiple paths for a second time period, respectively; comparing the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully received via the multiple paths with respective second thresholds, respectively; and communicating with the first network node to select one of the multiple paths for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully received via the multiple paths are less than or equal to the respective second thresholds, respectively.
  • the method further comprises: counting a number of messages that are not successfully received via the selected path for a third time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully received via the selected path with a third threshold; and communicating with the first network node to select at least one other path than the selected path for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully received via the selected path is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • link status of each of the multiple paths is monitored by the second network node via the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) .
  • the first message is decrypted by using Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) or Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) after it is received over an insecure path.
  • L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
  • IPSec Internet Protocol Security
  • the second network node is one of: a User Plane Function (UPF) ; and a Session Management Function (SMF) .
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the multiple paths comprise at least one of: a path over a dedicated wired line for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; a path comprising a radio link for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; and a path over an insecure Internet connection between the first and second network nodes.
  • a second network node comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
  • a computer program comprising instructions.
  • the instructions when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods of any of the first and third aspects.
  • a carrier containing the computer program of the fifth aspect is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
  • a telecommunications system comprises a first network node of the second aspect; and a second network node of the fourth aspect.
  • Fig. 1 is an overview diagram illustrating a typical 5G New Radio (NR) network architecture in the related art.
  • NR New Radio
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scenario in which multiple paths are established between an exemplary private network and an exemplary 5G NR network according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B are diagrams illustrating exemplary multi-path communications between nodes in the exemplary scenario shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating some exemplary procedures for multi-path communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating some other exemplary procedures for multi-path communication according to some other embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a first network node for multi-path communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a second network node for multi-path communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement which may be used in a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 9 is a block diagram of an exemplary first network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 10 is a block diagram of an exemplary second network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the term "or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.
  • the term “each, " as used herein, in addition to having its ordinary meaning, can mean any subset of a set of elements to which the term “each” is applied.
  • processing circuits may in some embodiments be embodied in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) .
  • these processing circuits may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, and/or digital signal processors programmed with appropriate software and/or firmware to carry out one or more of the operations described above, or variants thereof.
  • these processing circuits may comprise customized hardware to carry out one or more of the functions described above. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
  • 5G NR 5th Generation New Radio
  • the inventive concept of the present disclosure may be applicable to any appropriate communication architecture, for example, to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) /General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , Time Division -Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) , CDMA2000, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , etc.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband CDMA
  • TD-SCDMA Time Division -Synchronous CDMA
  • CDMA2000 Code Division -Synchronous CDMA
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Micro
  • the terms used herein may also refer to their equivalents in any other infrastructure.
  • the term "User Equipment” or "UE” used herein may refer to a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a user device, a user terminal, a wireless device, a wireless terminal, an IoT device, a vehicle, or any other equivalents.
  • network node used herein may refer to a base station, a base transceiver station, an access point, a hot spot, a NodeB (NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a network element, a network function, an access network (AN) node, a core network (CN) node, or any other equivalents.
  • node used herein may refer to a UE, a network node, a network function, a functional entity, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, or any other equivalents.
  • the 5G Core Network has been designed around services that are invoked using a standard Application Programming Interface (API) .
  • API Application Programming Interface
  • the 5G architecture looks very different from the 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) but on close inspection, one can see the evolution from the 4G architecture to the 5G architecture.
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • the 5G core has evolved from the 4G EPC in two steps:
  • SGW Serving GateWay
  • PDN Packet Data Network
  • PGW Packet Data Network
  • AMF Access and Mobility Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • an AMF in 5G provides most of the functions which were previously performed by a Mobility Management Entity (MME) in 4G
  • MME Mobility Management Entity
  • SMF provides rest of the functions which were previously provided by the MME in addition to the control plane (CP) functions which were previously provided by SGW and PGW
  • CP control plane
  • UPF provides the user plane (UP) functions which were previously provided by SGW and PGW.
  • UP user plane
  • any reference to a network function defined for 5G may also be applicable to a node defined for 4G or any other appropriate telecommunication technologies.
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • PGW-C Packet Control Function
  • SGW-U Packet Control Function
  • Fig. 1 is an overview diagram illustrating a typical 5G New Radio (NR) network architecture 10 in the related art.
  • the network 10 may comprise one or more UEs 100 and a (radio) access network ( (R) AN) 105, which could be a base station, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, or any entity which provides the UEs 100 with access to the network 10.
  • R radio access network
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • gNB gNodeB
  • the network 10 may comprise its core network portion comprising (but not limited to) an AMF 110, an SMF 115, a Policy Control Function (PCF) 120, an Application Function (AF) 125, a Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) 130, an AUthentication Server Function (AUSF) 135, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 140, a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 145, a Network Repository Function (NRF) 150, and one or more UPFs 155.
  • these entities may communicate with each other via the service-based interfaces, such as, Namf, Nsmf, Npcf, etc. and/or the reference points, such as, N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, N9, etc.
  • the network 10 may comprise additional network functions, less network functions, or some variants of the existing network functions shown in Fig. 1.
  • the entities which perform these functions may be different from those shown in Fig. 1.
  • some of the entities may be same as those shown in Fig. 1, and others may be different.
  • the functions shown in Fig. 1 are not essential to the embodiments of the present disclosure. In other words, some of them may be missing from some embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the SMF 115 may perform the session management functions that are handled by the 4G MME, SGW-C, and PGW-C. Below please find a brief list of some of its functions:
  • SM session management
  • the UPF 155 is essentially a fusion of the data plane parts of the SGW and PGW, as mentioned above.
  • the UPF 155 may perform the following functions:
  • DPI Deep Packet Inspection
  • the UPF may optionally integrate the Firewall and Network Address Translation (NAT) functions;
  • NAT Network Address Translation
  • the UPF 155 may be communicatively connected to the Data Network (DN) 160 which may be, or in turn communicatively connected to, the Internet, such that the UE 100 may finally communicate its user plane data with other devices outside the network 10, for example, via the RAN 105 and the UPF 155.
  • DN Data Network
  • some of the network functions such as UPFs 155, are located in the private mobile network for higher security, lower latency, and/or higher throughput for the enterprise users
  • some of the reference points such as the N4 interface between 5G control plane and user plane functions, may have some connectivity issues.
  • a typical solution for such connectivity issues is to provide a dedicated line from a central office of the MNO to the enterprise, which might not be cost-effective and reliable for several reasons:
  • a dedicated line is too expensive for enterprise, especially for SME (small and medium enterprise) ;
  • a dedicated line could not provide the best redundant solution even if the enterprise would like to pay double price for double dedicated lines.
  • a failure of one of the dedicated lines may probably be accompanied with a failure of the other. For example, if a mistake has been made by a construction team, all the physical dedicated lines may be cut off at same time during some construction jobs close to the dedicated lines; and
  • a dedicated line may typically need more lead time at startup which might not be acceptable in some cases.
  • a reliable and cost-efficient multi-path communication mechanism may be provided.
  • this mechanism may be achieved by a communication module, "Message Encryption and Deduplication Service" or MEDS, comprised in each of endpoints of the communication.
  • MEDS Message Encryption and Deduplication Service
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • MEDS aims to provide a cost-efficient solution and better redundant solution for connectivity between local network functions (e.g., the UPF 155) and remote 5G control plane (e.g., the SMF 115) .
  • local network functions e.g., the UPF 155
  • remote 5G control plane e.g., the SMF 115
  • the enterprise needs not to pay for the expensive dedicated line for a better N4 solution, or concerns too much on the N4 physical line.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scenario in which multiple paths are established between an exemplary private network 250 and an exemplary 5G NR network 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • network functions of a 5G NR network may be distributed between the public MNO network 200 and the private enterprise network 250.
  • the enterprise network 250 may comprise a UPF 155 of the 5G NR network, for example, for routing the user plane data for UEs served by the enterprise network 250.
  • the MNO network 200 may comprise other network functions than the UPF 155, for example, the AMF 110, the SMF 115, the AUSF 135, etc.
  • the enterprise network 250 may comprise more network functions, less network functions, or different network functions, and also the MNO network 200 may comprise more network functions, less network functions, or different network functions.
  • the enterprise network 250 may comprise a local AUSF for authenticating the UEs locally.
  • the MNO network 200 may comprise other UPFs than the UPF 155 shown in Fig. 2 for routing data from the enterprise network 250 in a different manner than the UPF 155 or routing data from other enterprise networks.
  • the reference point N4 is used as an example for illustrating the multi-path communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In fact, as long as a robust or reliable communication is needed, the inventive concept of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable. Further, although only one UPF 155 is shown in Fig. 2, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In other embodiments, any appropriate numbers of the network functions may be deployed in the enterprise network 250.
  • the control plane data between the UPF 155 and the SMF 115 needs to be communicated via the reference point N4.
  • a dedicated line may be provided between the UPF 155 and the SMF 115 to enable the N4 communication.
  • such N4 communication is expensive and not robust with the single dedicated line or even double dedicated lines. Therefore, as shown in Fig.
  • multiple communication paths may be provided between the UPF 155 and the SMF 115, comprising but not limited to an Internet path between an Internet Network Interface (NI) 215-1 of the MEDS 210 of the UPF 155 and an Internet NI 225-1 of the MEDS 220 of the SMF 115, a dedicated path between a dedicated line NI 215-2 of the MEDS 210 of the UPF 155 and a dedicated line NI 225-2 of the MEDS 220 of the SMF 115, and/or a cellular path between a cellular NI 215-3 of the MEDS 210 of the UPF 155 and the Internet NI 225-1 and/or the dedicated line NI 225-2 of the MEDS 220 of the SMF 115 via an MNO Internet Gateway 230.
  • these paths are provided for the purpose of illustration only, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, more paths, less paths, or different paths may be provided.
  • the MNO Internet gateway 230 is provided as a relay or a router for secured communication between the SMF 115 and the UPF 155 via the cellular NI 215-3.
  • the email server may use its internet NI or dedicated line NI to communicate with the smartphone via the MNO Internet gateway 230.
  • one or more paths may be established between the UPF 155 and the SMF 115 via the MNO Internetwork gateway 230.
  • the Internet NIs 215-1 and 225-1 may be NIs operated in accordance with xDSL, Ethernet, FTTx, or any other networking technologies that can provide an Internet connectivity, for example, an insecure Internet connection with a cheaper cost.
  • the cellular NI 215-3 may be NIs supporting any radio access technologies, such as, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi, WiMax, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Z-Wave, etc.
  • the cellular NI 215-3 per se may not be an NI that supports wireless communications while the path therebetween may comprise a cellular path over which the data may be communicated in a form of radio signals, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • this cellular path may not be provided by the MNO in some embodiments, and therefore may be insecure either.
  • a dedicated path is shown in Fig. 2, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the dedicated path may be replaced with another path, for example, a path that is cheaper and less robust, for example, an additional Internet path or cellular path.
  • multiple direct links are shown as the paths between the Nis (and/or the MNO Internet gateway 230) , respectively, in Fig. 2, the paths may comprise more intervening nodes other than the endpoints of the paths shown in Fig. 2. In some embodiments, some of the intervening nodes may be shared by some of the paths, and therefore there might be one or more paths between each pair of the NIs of the MEDS 210 and the MEDS 220, for example, as shown in Fig. 3B.
  • Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B are diagrams illustrating exemplary multi-path communications between nodes in the exemplary scenario shown in Fig. 2.
  • different IP addresses are assigned to the NIs, respectively.
  • an IP address 1.2.3.4 is assigned to the Internet NI 215-1
  • an IP address 1.2.3.5 is assigned to the dedicated line NI 215-2
  • an IP address 1.2.3.6 is assigned to the cellular NI 215-3.
  • an IP address 2.3.4.5 is assigned to the Internet NI 225-1
  • an IP address 2.3.4.6 is assigned to the dedicated line NI 225-2.
  • three paths are established between the NIs, respectively, that is, an Internet path (1.2.3.4 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.5) between the Internet NIs 215-1 and 225-1, a dedicated path (1.2.3.5 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) between the dedicated line NIs 215-2 and 225-2, and a cellular path (1.2.3.6 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) between the cellular NI 215-3 and the dedicated line NI 225-2.
  • the three paths may be used concurrently.
  • one of the three paths may be selected as the primary path for initial data transmission, and if the initial data transmission fails, the data may then be retransmitted via other paths.
  • messages communicated over the three paths may be Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) messages, and one or more bidirectional subflows may be carried over each of the paths in a similar manner to those of Multipath TCP messages.
  • PFCP Packet Forwarding Control Protocol
  • a subflow #1 for control signaling between the UPF 155 and the SMF 115 may be carried over the dedicated path (1.2.3.5 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) as the primary path and a subflow #2 for data transmission between the UPF 155 and the SMF 115 may be carried over the cellular path (1.2.3.6 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) as the backup or secondary path.
  • the three paths together may be referred to as a multi-subflow connection.
  • multipath PFCP communication provides the ability to simultaneously use multiple paths between peers. It presents a set of extensions to traditional PFCP to support multipath operation.
  • the protocol offers the same type of service to applications as PFCP (i.e., a request/response mechanism over UDP) , and it provides the components necessary to establish and use multiple PFCP flows across potentially disjoint paths.
  • a same piece of data may be split into segments and transmitted via different subflows, and therefore if transmission of a segment via a path fails, the retransmission of the segment may be conducted via another path.
  • transmission of a message is conducted in a non-redundant manner. That is, the data segments of a same piece of data may be transmitted in multiple sub-flows via different paths, and each of the segments is transmitted only once unless the transmission fails. In some cases, such transmission may lead to a higher latency due to the failed initial transmission of some data segments. Further, similar to the single path PFCP, a heartbeat mechanism is required to monitor the link/path status and maintain a PFCP session as well.
  • three paths may also be established between the NIs, respectively, that is, an Internet path (1.2.3.4 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.5) between the Internet NIs 215-1 and 225-1, a dedicated path (1.2.3.5 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) between the dedicated line NIs 215-2 and 225-2, and a cellular path (1.2.3.6 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) between the cellular NI 215-3 and the Internet NI 225-1.
  • an Internet path 1.2.3.4 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.5
  • a dedicated path 1.2.3.5 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6
  • a cellular path 1.2.3.6 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6
  • one or more additional paths may be established between the NIs, such as a path established between the Internet NI 215-1 and the dedicated line NI 225-2 via the MNO Internet Gateway 230 and another path established between the Internet NI 225-1 and the Internet NI 215-1 via the MNO Internet Gateway 230, for example, because there are shared intervening network nodes along the paths (1.2.3.4 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.5) and (1.2.3.6 ⁇ -> 2.3.4.6) .
  • these paths may be referred to as an association of the two endpoints, the MEDS 210 and the MEDS 220 (or the UPF 155 and the SMF 115) .
  • these paths may be used concurrently. In some other embodiments, one of these paths may be selected as the primary path for initial data transmission, and if the initial data transmission fails, the data may then be retransmitted via other paths.
  • messages communicated over these paths may be PFCP messages, and one or more unidirectional streams may be carried over each of the paths.
  • a stream #1 (1.2.3.5 -> 2.3.4.6) for control signaling from the UPF 155 to the SMF 115 may be carried over the dedicated path as the primary path
  • a stream #2 (2.3.4.6 -> 1.2.3.5) for control signaling from the SMF 115 to the UPF 155 may be carried over the dedicated path.
  • a stream #3 (1.2.3.6 -> 2.3.4.5) for data transmission from the UPF 155 to the SMF 115 may be carried over the path
  • a stream #4 (2.3.4.5 -> 1.2.3.4) for data transmission from the SMF 115 to the UPF 155 may be carried over the Internet path.
  • these paths together may be referred to as a multi-stream association.
  • multipath PFCP communication provides the ability to simultaneously use multiple paths between peers. It presents a set of extensions to traditional PFCP to support multipath operation.
  • the protocol offers the same type of service to applications as PFCP (i.e., a request/response mechanism over UDP) , and it provides the components necessary to establish and use multiple PFCP sessions across potentially disjoint paths.
  • the initial transmission of a message may be typically conducted via the primary path only, i.e., in a non-redundant manner, and only when it failed for a number of times, the alternative paths can be used. Further, the association may be maintained by heartbeat packets/chunks, just like those described with reference to Fig. 3A.
  • Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are diagrams illustrating some exemplary procedures (a) - (e) for multi-path communication according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Please note that these procedures may be performed independently to each other or in any appropriate combination. For example, the procedure (a) may be performed at the initial stage and the procedure (c) or (d) may be performed at a later stage. For another example, the procedures (b) and (e) may be performed concurrently. Further, these exemplary procedures are described for the purpose of illustration only, and therefore other procedures may be derived by one skilled in the art from the teaching of the present disclosure.
  • the procedure (a) may begin with step 405a to 405c where each of the NIs of the MEDS 210 may transmit a same first message to a corresponding NI of the MEDS 220.
  • the first messages may be processed and the rest of them may be discarded.
  • the first message that is received earliest e.g., the first message received via the dedicated path at step 405b, may be processed (for example, forwarded to its destination or reported to the upper layer) at step 410b while the other two first messages received at steps 405a and 405c may be discarded at steps 410a and 410c.
  • an acknowledgement indicating the successful reception of the first message may be transmitted from the dedicated NI 225-2 to the dedicated NI 215-2 while similar acknowledgements may also be transmitted via other paths at steps 415a and 415c even if the corresponding first messages are discarded. In this way, a redundant, robust, and reliable transmission of the first messages via multiple paths may be achieved.
  • a number of failed transmissions comprising the failed transmissions of the first message and/or the failed transmissions of the acknowledgements may be counted for each path for a certain period of time. With the counted numbers, the MEDS 210 and/or the MEDS 220 may determine which path has a better performance than others, which path should not be used for subsequent communication, or make other decisions with regard to the multipath communication, for example. Further, with this step, no special heartbeat mechanism is needed since a failed transmission over one path can always be detected by successful transmissions over other paths.
  • the procedure (b) shows that some of the first messages and/or acknowledgements are not successfully received. Similar to the procedure (a) , the procedure (b) may begin with step 455a to 455c where each of the NIs of the MEDS 210 may transmit a same first message to a corresponding NI of the MEDS 220. Upon successful reception of the first messages, one of the received first messages may be processed and the rest of them may be discarded.
  • the first message that is received earliest may be processed (for example, forwarded to its destination or reported to the upper layer) at step 460b while the other first message received at step 455a may be discarded at step 460a.
  • the transmission of the first message at step 455c fails, for example, due to a degraded network condition, and therefore the MNO Internet gateway 230 and the dedicated NI 225-2 do not receive their copies of the first message.
  • an acknowledgement indicating the successful reception of the first message may be transmitted from the dedicated NI 225-2 to the dedicated NI 215-2 while a similar acknowledgement may also be transmitted via the other path at step 465a even if the corresponding first message is discarded at step 460a.
  • the acknowledgement transmitted at step 465b may not be received successfully by the dedicated NI 215-2.
  • at least one acknowledgement is still received, for example, at step 465a and/or step 465c. In this way, a redundant, robust, and reliable transmission of the first messages via multiple paths may be achieved.
  • an optional acknowledgement may be transmitted at step 465c even if the MNO Internet gateway 230 and/or the dedicated NI 225-2 do not receive the first message, thereby further improving the robustness and reliability of the multi-path transmission, for example, when both of the transmissions of the acknowledgements at steps 465a and 465b fail.
  • this acknowledgement at step 465c may be prevented from being transmitted since no first message is received over the cellular path.
  • a number of failed transmissions comprising the failed transmissions of the first message and/or the failed transmissions of the acknowledgements may be counted for each path for a certain period of time. With the numbers counted, the MEDS 210 and/or the MEDS 220 may determine which path has a better performance than others, which path should not be used for subsequent communication, or make other decisions with regard to the multipath communication, for example.
  • the procedure (c) may begin with step 505 where the MEDS 210 determines that the cellular path may be prevented from being used for transmission, for example, due to the initial configuration, temporary unavailability of the cellular path, and/or too many failed transmissions over the cellular path.
  • the step 505 may be a step subsequent to step 470 of the procedure (b) at which the counted number of failed transmissions for the cellular path may be greater than or equal to a certain threshold and therefore the cellular path is precluded from the active paths.
  • each of the corresponding NIs of the MEDS 210 may transmit a same second message to a corresponding NI of the MEDS 220.
  • one of the received second messages may be processed and the other may be discarded.
  • the second message that is received earliest e.g., the second message received via the dedicated path at step 510b, may be processed (for example, forwarded to its destination or reported to the upper layer) at step 515b while the other second message received at step 510a may be discarded at step 515a.
  • an acknowledgement indicating the successful reception of the second message may be transmitted from the dedicated NI 225-2 to the dedicated NI 215-2 while a similar acknowledgement may also be transmitted via the other path at step 520a even if the corresponding second message is discarded. In this way, a redundant, robust, and reliable transmission of the second messages via multiple paths may be achieved.
  • a number of failed transmissions comprising the failed transmissions of the second message and/or the failed transmissions of the acknowledgements may be counted for each active or available path for a certain period of time. With the counted numbers, the MEDS 210 and/or the MEDS 220 may determine which path has a better performance than others, which path should not be used for subsequent communication, or make other decisions with regard to the multipath communication, for example.
  • the procedure (d) may begin with step 535.
  • the MEDS 210 determines that the dedicated path may be selected as the primary path, for example, due to its high performance in terms of latency, throughput, block error rate, the initial configuration, and/or degraded performance of other paths.
  • the dedicated path may be selected as the primary path, just like that shown in Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B.
  • one of the paths e.g., the dedicated path, may be selected as the primary path.
  • the dedicated NI 215-2 of the MEDS 210 may transmit a second message to the corresponding dedicated NI 225-2 of the MEDS 220.
  • the received second message may be processed.
  • the second message received via the dedicated path at step 535 may be processed (for example, forwarded to its destination or reported to the upper layer) at step 540.
  • an acknowledgement indicating the successful reception of the second message may be transmitted from the dedicated NI 225-2 to the dedicated NI 215-2. In this way, with the most reliable path, reliable and non-redundant transmission of the second message may be achieved. In such a case, some cost for maintaining other paths may be saved, for example, less cost due to less traffic for radio communication.
  • a number of failed transmissions comprising the failed transmissions of the first message and/or the failed transmissions of the acknowledgement may be counted for the primary path for a certain period of time. With the counted numbers, the MEDS 210 and/or the MEDS 220 may determine whether the primary path should be re-selected or not, for example.
  • the procedure (e) may begin with step 555.
  • the MEDS 210 may determine that the dedicated path may be selected as the primary path in a similar manner as that described with reference to the procedure (d) . Therefore, at step 555, the dedicated NI 215-2 of the MEDS 210 may transmit a second message to the corresponding dedicated NI 225-2 of the MEDS 220. However, the transmission of the second message or its acknowledgement fails, and therefore no acknowledgement is received from the MEDS 220.
  • a timer for transmission may be expired and the MEDS 210 may (re) select another path as the primary path at step 570.
  • the step 570 may be performed in response to the step 565 where the number of failed transmissions for the primary path is determined as being greater than or equal to a threshold. In some other embodiments, the step 570 may be performed without the step 565, that is, the primary path may be (re) selected as soon as there is a failed transmission over the current primary path. Referring back to Fig. 5, the MEDS 210 may select the Internet path as the primary path at step 570 and retransmit the second message at step 575.
  • the received second message may be processed at step 580.
  • an acknowledgement indicating the successful reception of the second message may be transmitted from the Internet NI 225-1 to the Internet NI 215-1. In this way, transmission of the second message via the Internet path may be achieved.
  • a number of failed transmissions comprising the failed transmissions of the first message and/or the failed transmissions of the acknowledgement may be counted for the primary path for a certain period of time. With the counted numbers, the MEDS 210 and/or the MEDS 220 may determine whether the primary path should be (re) selected, for example.
  • the MEDS 210 determines a new primary path in the procedure (e)
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • no new primary path may be selected and the procedure (a) , in which the message are transmitted via all the paths concurrently, may be performed instead.
  • an encryption/decryption method may be used.
  • the MEDS 210 and the MEDS 220 may transmit/receive their messages in an encrypted manner, for example, by using L2TP or IPSec.
  • the links between the MEDS 210 and the MEDS 220 may be maintained without using a heartbeat mechanism as those described with reference to Fig. 3A and Fig. 3B. Further, in some other embodiments, the link status may be monitored and/or maintained with Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) .
  • VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
  • the cost for reliable transmission via multiple paths may be reduced by using/reusing Internet for N4 interface connectivity and/or using a cellular network. Further, a secure, robust, and reliable transmission of N4 messages may be ensured by using multiple paths and/or additional encryption methods.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart of an exemplary method 600 at a first network node for multi-path communication between the first network node and a second network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method 600 may be performed at a first network node (e.g. the UPF 155 or the SMF 115 shown in Fig. 2) for multi-path communication.
  • the method 600 may comprise step S610 and S620.
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the method 600 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 600 may be performed in a different order than that described herein.
  • a step in the method 600 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and/or multiple steps in the method 600 may be combined into a single step.
  • the method 600 may begin at step S610 where a first message may be transmitted to the second network node via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes.
  • step S620 it may be determined that the transmission of the first message may be successful in response to receiving, from the second network node, at least one acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first message via at least one of the one or more paths.
  • the step S610 may comprise: transmitting, to the second network node, the first message via each of the multiple paths concurrently.
  • the method 600 may further comprise: counting a number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via a first path for a first time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the first path with a first threshold; and preventing the first path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the first path is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the method 600 may further comprise: counting a number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via a second path for a second time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the second path with a second threshold; and preventing other paths than the second path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the second path is less than or equal to the second threshold.
  • the method 600 may further comprise: counting respective numbers of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the multiple paths for a second time period, respectively; comparing the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the multiple paths with respective second thresholds, respectively; and selecting one of the multiple paths for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the multiple paths are less than or equal to the respective second thresholds, respectively.
  • the method 600 may further comprise: counting a number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the selected path for a third time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the selected path with a third threshold; and selecting at least one other path than the selected path for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully transmitted via the selected path is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • link status of each of the multiple paths may be monitored by the first network node via the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) .
  • the first message may be encrypted by using Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) or Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) before it is transmitted over an insecure path.
  • L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
  • IPSec Internet Protocol Security
  • the first network node may be one of: a User Plane Function (UPF) ; and a Session Management Function (SMF) .
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the multiple paths may comprise at least one of: a path over a dedicated wired line for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; a path comprising a radio link for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; and a path over an insecure Internet connection between the first and second network nodes.
  • Fig. 7 is a flow chart of an exemplary method 700 at a second network node for multi-path communication between the second network node and a first network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method 700 may be performed at a second network node (e.g., the SMF 115 or the UPF 155 shown in Fig. 2) for multi-path communication.
  • the method 700 may comprise step S710 and S720.
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
  • the method 700 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 700 may be performed in a different order than that described herein. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 700 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and/or multiple steps in the method 700 may be combined into a single step.
  • the method 700 may begin at step S710 where one or more first messages may be received from the first network node via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes, respectively.
  • one or more acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first messages may be transmitted to the first network node via the one or more paths, respectively.
  • the method 700 may further comprise: determining that the transmissions of the first messages via the rest of the multiple paths, over which the first messages are not received, are failed. In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: processing one of the received first messages while discarding other first messages. In some embodiments, the first message that is processed may be the first message that is received earliest.
  • the method 700 may further comprise: counting a number of messages that are not successfully received via a first path for a first time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully received via the first path with a first threshold; and communicating with the first network node to prevent the first path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully received via the first path is greater than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the method 700 may further comprise: counting a number of messages that are not successfully received via a second path for a second time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully received via the second path with a second threshold; and communicating with the first network node to prevent other paths than the second path from being used for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully received via the second path is less than or equal to the second threshold.
  • the method 700 may further comprise: counting respective numbers of messages that are not successfully received via the multiple paths for a second time period, respectively; comparing the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully received via the multiple paths with respective second thresholds, respectively; and communicating with the first network node to select one of the multiple paths for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the respective numbers of messages that are not successfully received via the multiple paths are less than or equal to the respective second thresholds, respectively.
  • the method 700 may further comprise: counting a number of messages that are not successfully received via the selected path for a third time period; comparing the number of messages that are not successfully received via the selected path with a third threshold; and communicating with the first network node to select at least one other path than the selected path for subsequent transmission in response to determining that the number of messages that are not successfully received via the selected path is greater than or equal to the third threshold.
  • link status of each of the multiple paths may be monitored by the second network node via the Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) .
  • the first message may be decrypted by using Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) or Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) after it may be received over an insecure path.
  • L2TP Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
  • IPSec Internet Protocol Security
  • the second network node may be one of: a User Plane Function (UPF) ; and a Session Management Function (SMF) .
  • UPF User Plane Function
  • SMF Session Management Function
  • the multiple paths may comprise at least one of: a path over a dedicated wired line for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; a path comprising a radio link for secure communication between the first and second network nodes; and a path over an insecure Internet connection between the first and second network nodes.
  • Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 800 which may be used in a network node (e.g., the first network node or the second network node) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a processing unit 806 e.g., with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a Central Processing Unit (CPU) .
  • the processing unit 806 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein.
  • the arrangement 800 may also comprise an input unit 802 for receiving signals from other entities, and an output unit 804 for providing signal (s) to other entities.
  • the input unit 802 and the output unit 804 may be arranged as an integrated entity or as separate entities.
  • the arrangement 800 may comprise at least one computer program product 808 in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and/or a hard drive.
  • the computer program product 808 comprises a computer program 810, which comprises code/computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing unit 806 in the arrangement 800 causes the arrangement 800 and/or the network nodes in which it is comprised to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 4 to Fig. 7 or any other variant.
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
  • the computer program 810 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 810A and 810B.
  • the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810A for transmitting, to the second network node, a first message via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes; and a module 810B for determining that the transmission of the first message is successful in response to receiving, from the second network node, at least one acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first message via at least one of the one or more paths.
  • the computer program 810 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 810C and 810D.
  • the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810C for receiving, from the first network node, one or more first messages via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes, respectively; and a module 810D for transmitting, to the first network node, one or more acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first messages via the one or more paths, respectively.
  • the computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 4 to Fig. 7, to emulate the network nodes.
  • the different computer program modules when executed in the processing unit 806, they may correspond to different modules in the various network nodes.
  • code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with Fig. 8 are implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the processing unit causes the arrangement to perform the actions described above in conjunction with the figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
  • the processor may be a single CPU (Central processing unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units.
  • the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and/or related chips sets and/or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs) .
  • the processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes.
  • the computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor.
  • the computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored.
  • the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-access memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within the UE.
  • RAM Random-access memory
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • EEPROM Electrically Erasable programmable read-only memory
  • Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a first network node 900 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first network node 900 may be, e.g., the UPF 155 or the SMF 115 in some embodiments.
  • the first network node 900 may be configured to perform the method 600 as described above in connection with Fig. 6. As shown in Fig. 9, the first network node 900 may comprise a transmitting module 910 for transmitting, to the second network node, a first message via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes; and a determining module 920 for determining that the transmission of the first message is successful in response to receiving, from the second network node, at least one acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first message via at least one of the one or more paths.
  • a transmitting module 910 for transmitting, to the second network node, a first message via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes
  • a determining module 920 for determining that the transmission of the first message is successful in response to receiving, from the second network node, at least one acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first message via at least one of the one or more paths.
  • the above modules 910 and/or 920 may be implemented as a pure hardware solution or as a combination of software and hardware, e.g., by one or more of: a processor or a micro-processor and adequate software and memory for storing of the software, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) or other electronic component (s) or processing circuitry configured to perform the actions described above, and illustrated, e.g., in Fig. 6.
  • the first network node 900 may comprise one or more further modules, each of which may perform any of the steps of the method 600 described with reference to Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a second network node 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the second network node 1000 may be, e.g., the SMF 115 or the UPF 155 in some embodiments.
  • the second network node 1000 may be configured to perform the method 700 as described above in connection with Fig. 7. As shown in Fig. 10, the second network node 1000 may comprise a receiving module 1010 for receiving, from the first network node, one or more first messages via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes, respectively; and a transmitting module 1020 for transmitting, to the first network node, one or more acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first messages via the one or more paths, respectively.
  • a receiving module 1010 for receiving, from the first network node, one or more first messages via one or more of multiple paths established between the first and second network nodes, respectively
  • a transmitting module 1020 for transmitting, to the first network node, one or more acknowledgement indicating successful reception of the first messages via the one or more paths, respectively.
  • the above modules 1010 and/or 1020 may be implemented as a pure hardware solution or as a combination of software and hardware, e.g., by one or more of: a processor or a micro-processor and adequate software and memory for storing of the software, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) or other electronic component (s) or processing circuitry configured to perform the actions described above, and illustrated, e.g., in Fig. 7.
  • the second network node 1000 may comprise one or more further modules, each of which may perform any of the steps of the method 700 described with reference to Fig. 7.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des nœuds de réseau et des procédés au niveau des nœuds de réseau pour une communication multitrajet. Un procédé au niveau d'un premier nœud de réseau pour une communication multitrajet entre le premier nœud de réseau et un deuxième nœud de réseau comprend les étapes suivantes : transmettre, au deuxième nœud de réseau, un premier message par l'intermédiaire d'un ou de plusieurs trajets multiples établis entre le premier et le deuxième nœud de réseau; et déterminer que la transmission du premier message est réussie en réponse à la réception, en provenance du deuxième nœud de réseau, d'au moins un accusé de réception indiquant la réception réussie du premier message par au moins un du ou des trajets.
PCT/CN2021/093584 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 Communication multitrajet WO2022236771A1 (fr)

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