WO2022229981A1 - Vitrage de véhicule faisant partie intégrante d'un dispositif électronique basé sur des radiofréquences multiples - Google Patents

Vitrage de véhicule faisant partie intégrante d'un dispositif électronique basé sur des radiofréquences multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022229981A1
WO2022229981A1 PCT/IN2022/050398 IN2022050398W WO2022229981A1 WO 2022229981 A1 WO2022229981 A1 WO 2022229981A1 IN 2022050398 W IN2022050398 W IN 2022050398W WO 2022229981 A1 WO2022229981 A1 WO 2022229981A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electronic device
glazing
vehicle
frequency
laminated glazing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2022/050398
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Arunvel Thangamani
Sundharaganesan R
Robin C JAYARAM
Samson Richardson D
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Publication of WO2022229981A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022229981A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G06K19/0724—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being a circuit for communicating at a plurality of frequencies, e.g. for managing time multiplexed communication over at least two antennas of different types
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to an automotive glazing of a vehicle. It particularly relates to an automotive glazing of a vehicle integrated with electronic devices and more particularly it relates to automotive glazing of a vehicle integrated with multiple radio frequencies based electronic device capable of communication in at least two different frequency bands.
  • glazing refers to any and all the glass or similar material within a structure or the installation of any piece of glass or the similar material within a sash or frame.
  • the glass windows of an automobile are referred to as glazing.
  • two or more layers of glass or a similar material are fused together with an interlayer in the middle. The fusion is completed with pressure and heat and it prevents the sheets of glass or the similar material from breaking. While some pieces of glass or the similar material might end up breaking into larger pieces, those pieces will stay together with the help of the interlayer, making it shatterproof.
  • Windshield or windscreen, backlite, sidelite, quaterlite, sunroof etc. are regarded as some instances of glazing in a vehicle.
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • NFC near field communication
  • RF radio frequency
  • RFID or NFC sticker tags come with several disadvantages, like for instance, these stickers can be removed or tampered easily due to ageing, weathering, theft, or damage due resulting from external factors such as wind, rain, or vandalism.
  • the other disadvantage is the durability of the antenna, which has the tendency to degrade in terms of readability over a period. As a result, vehicle operators must periodically replace or cover over expired stickers with new stickers.
  • US 20080191841A1 a window panel including at least one electronic device that includes at least one electronic memory in which is stored information that can be read remotely using an appropriate reading apparatus.
  • the electronic device can be placed on the glass, or incorporated in the window panel associated with the interlayer in the case of a laminated window panel, or even joined to the peripheral frame surrounding the window pane. It further includes the use of RFID communication and an antenna to bring that to effect.
  • this solution fails to provide details on how this embedding on the interlayer is achieved. Although it provides the different instances for means of communication, the prior art does not provide a clear solution of embedding multiple RFID frequency unit connected through single communication chip.
  • US6275157B1 disclosing an RFID transponder embedded in a glass surface, like a vehicle windshield.
  • the RFID device comprises a flexible circuit substrate with an antenna formed thereon and a transponder circuit disposed on the substrate and coupled to the antenna.
  • the RFID device is disposed between adjacent ones of the glass layers and becomes embedded therein upon lamination of the glass layers together.
  • the RFID device may be formed using one of the glass layers as a substrate, thereby avoiding the need for a distinct substrate layer.
  • the transparent conductive layer may be used to form a conductive portion of the RFID device.
  • the RFID device In a single layer glass panel, the RFID device is embedded into the glass while the glass is in a molten or plastic state.
  • the prior art provides variety of multi-layered arrangement of the RFID device, it does not provide a solution for embedding multi -frequency transponders and sensors connected through a single communication chip within a glazing.
  • IN201741020258 is an application from the same applicant as that of the present application, that discloses a laminated glazing for a vehicle embedded with one or more data transponders wherein the data transponder device is configured to communicate data wirelessly with a detecting device or a mobile device and provide selective reading of the transponder device.
  • This prior art provides communication by way of one or more data transponders within glazing, with improved readability.
  • RF based multi -frequency communications for each band of frequency, one separate electronic unit or tag is required.
  • the prior art solution with many RFID and non-RFID based system are for achieving the isolation between the sub-component/transponder by increasing the distance or the placement between them or suitable selection of electronic component architecture with higher cost.
  • one transponder for each frequency band was required. In other words, say for RFID one unit would be required, for NFC another unit would be required and so on for each of the desired frequency band. If sensor data is required, this would demand yet another unit on the glazing. This would overcrowd the laminated glazing (like windshield) and from the reader side also, it will be cumbersome to have one reader for frequency.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a glazing for a vehicle having an electronic device capable of secured multi -frequency radio wave communication.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a glazing for a vehicle having an electronic device offering improved readability.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a glazing for a vehicle having an electronic device capable of maintaining the multi -frequency RF based electronic device in the best operating temperature.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a glazing for a vehicle having an electronic device offering good isolation from undesired radio-frequencies.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a glazing for a vehicle having an electronic device and is capable of radio frequency harvesting.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a system in a vehicle for multi radio frequency based communication.
  • a laminated glazing for a vehicle.
  • the laminated glazing comprises at least a first substrate, one or more interlayers and at least a second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are held together by the one or more interlayers and at least one electronic device.
  • Said electronic device is embedded between the first substrate and second substrate, wherein the at least one electronic device is configured for data and/or signal communication in at least two different frequency bands.
  • the laminated glazing is a windshield, sidelite, quaterlite, backlite, sunroof glazing of the vehicle and the like. It thus offers a solution in which multi-frequency transponders and sensors connected through a single communication chip within a glazing. The solution focuses on providing multiple features by integrating the sensor elements along with the multi frequency based electrical device.
  • a system in a vehicle for radio frequency communication comprises an integrated multi-radio frequency (RF) based electronic device configured for data and/or signal communication in at least two different frequency bands, wherein said electronic device is integrated within a vehicle glazing and one or more reader inside or outside vehicle operably coupled with the integrated multi -frequency RF based electronic device for reading data communication.
  • the reader inside the vehicle is operably coupled with a vehicle electronic control unit in a wired or wireless mode and the reader outside the vehicle is operably coupled with a remote server in a wireless mode.
  • a method of manufacturing a laminated glazing for a vehicle comprises the steps of assembling of first and second substrate along with one or more electronic devices at a pre-defmed location to one or more interlayers to form a laminate assembly, de-airing of the laminated assembly based on the size, number and type of data transponder device and autoclaving the de-aired laminated assembly in successive time steps involving multiple pressure and temperature values to form the data transponder device integrated laminated glazing.
  • the assembly time in terms of integration is minimised by combining the multi -frequency multifunctional units in a single patch-like structure and there by contributing to obtaining product yield.
  • the various aspects of the present invention provide a multi frequency secured radio-frequency signal/data communication for providing different access control, vehicle thermal comfort support, glazing used as display with temperature/humidity control and other future sensor integration feasibility. Difficulties associated with the integration of such a multi frequency RF communication device including issues with power supply and communication and the very integrating within a vehicle are overcome by the efficient placement of the different components/sub-components in the device and the inclusion of an RF energy harvesting unit.
  • a single unit such as single electronic chip or a single communication chip
  • the configuration of the electronic device of the present invention is such that it eliminates the need for having individual transponders for every radio frequency communication band. It rather advantageously has single electronic device configured for multi -frequency RF based communication as opposed to the prior art.
  • the disclosed invention is capable of providing good radio frequency (RF) based isolation by design itself. The disclosed invention provides improved readability of both the electronic device.
  • FIGs. 1 (a)-(g) illustrate exemplary embodiments of the automotive glazing according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(a) illustrates an embodiment of the electronic device which gets integrated within the automotive glazing according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(b) illustrates the radio frequency energy travels in a corkscrew with respect to the radio frequency communications of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(c) illustrates an embodiment of the transponder circuit customized with a respective suitable antenna circuit according to the present invention.
  • FIGs. 3(a)-(c) illustrate the different embodiments of the electronic device which gets integrated within the automotive glazing according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the electronic device along with a self-powering unit according to the present invention.
  • FIGs. 5(a)-(b) illustrate system in a vehicle for radio frequency communication according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 (a) illustrates a multi -frequency RF based electronic device integrated glazing according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 (b) illustrates a system for the activation of heating grid unit or RF powering unit using data from the multi -frequency RF electronic device according to the present invention.
  • FIGs. 7(a)-(b) illustrate the different multi-layered structure of the laminated glazing according to the present invention.
  • FIGs. 8(a)-(b) illustrate the different configurations of the automotive glazing showing self-power unit according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates the heating grid layer on the automotive glazing according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 (a) of the present disclosure shows a glass assembly or a laminated glazing (100) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the laminated glazing or alternatively referred as glass assembly (100) comprises at least a first substrate of glass (101) or polymer, one or more interlayers (102, 102a, 102b) and at least a second substrate (103) of glass or polymer.
  • the first substrate (101) and the second substrate (103) are held together by the one or more interlayers (102, 102a, 102b).
  • the laminated glazing (100) further comprises at least one electronic device. This electronic device (110) embedded between the substrates of the glazing may comprise of at least one transponder.
  • Said at least one electronic device (110) is capable for data and/or signal communication in at least two different frequency bands.
  • Said electronic device (110) is capable of data and/or signal communication in a minimum two different frequency bands without causing any interference to the functioning of the transponders therein.
  • FIG. 1(b) depicts an embodiment of the invention having more than one interlayer.
  • FIG. 1(b) further depicts the electronic device being enclosed within a heating grid (115).
  • the heating grid (115) is capable of sustaining the electronic device (110) in low temperature weather.
  • a heating grid (115) that is capable of being powered by the wireless powering unit.
  • the powering for heating grid (115) is provided by induction.
  • the at least one electronic device (110) includes means for radio wave communication in different frequency bands, preferably for at least low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio wave communication.
  • LF low frequency
  • HF high frequency
  • UHF ultra-high frequency
  • the means for radio wave communication in the electronic device (110) may be a transponder, data transponder and/or an antenna unit operably coupled to a single control unit for multi-frequency radio wave communication.
  • the electronic device (110) may comprise two transponders operably coupled with the single control unit for communication in a first range of frequency (say LF range) and in a second range of frequency (say HF range).
  • two antennas may be operably configured with the single control unit for radio wave communication in the first and the second ranges of frequency.
  • the electronic device may further comprise a sensing circuit having one or more sensing unit (113).
  • the sensing unit (113) may include and not limited to wireless sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, vibration sensors, air quality sensors, stress sensors, occupancy detection sensing, light sensing unit, rain sensing unit, image sensors and the like.
  • the embedded electronic device of the present invention may be capable of communication in low frequency (LF), medium frequency (MF), high frequency (HF), very-high- frequency (VHF), ultrahigh frequency (UHF), super high frequency (SHF) and extremely high frequency (EHF).
  • LF low frequency
  • MF medium frequency
  • HF high frequency
  • VHF very-high- frequency
  • UHF ultrahigh frequency
  • SHF super high frequency
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • the single electronic device (110) is advantageously capable of communicating with more one frequency band i.e. multi -frequency radio wave communication by way of a single unit (like an electronic chip). This thus eliminates the cumbersome solution in prior art where for each frequency communication, a different unit was required.
  • the glazing may be a glass laminate, with each of the first substrate (101) and second substrate (103) having an outer face and an inner face.
  • the one or more interlayers (102, 102a, 102b) placed between the inner faces of the first and second substrate is adapted to bind the first and second substrate such that the laminated glazing (100) or the glass assembly is laminated for being shatterproof.
  • the electronic device (110) is preferably embedded in the interlayers between the first and second substrate.
  • the substrate may be composed of a glass or a polymer.
  • the polymer may be polycarbonate (PC) or polypropylene (PP) substrates.
  • the substrate may be composed of a glass or a polymer.
  • the polymer is polycarbonate (PC) or polypropylene (PP).
  • the one or both the first substrate and second substrate can be of various shapes such as flat, curved, wedged or contoured.
  • One or more interlayers may be made up of polymers with same or different mechanical and chemical properties.
  • the one or more interlayers comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly vinyl butyral (PVB), polycarbonate (PC), acoustic PVB, shade band PVB, thermal control PVB, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer, a thermoplastic material, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylenevinylacetate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl fluorides (PVf), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR) and combinations thereof.
  • PVB poly vinyl butyral
  • PC polycarbonate
  • acoustic PVB shade band PVB
  • an automotive single glazing (100) for a vehicle comprises at least a substrate (101) of glass or polymer. It further includes the at least one electronic device (110) embedded between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the at least one electronic device comprises at least one transponder and/or antenna unit operably coupled to a single control unit configured for data and/or signal communication in at least two different frequency bands.
  • the antenna unit is disposed on the surface of the substrate, and transponder is disposed in the glazing via one or more slots or through holes.
  • one end of a transponder may be connected to the one or more antenna units by means of a top connector and a sensor may be attached on the other end of the transponder.
  • the transponder may be integrated chip. As depicted in FIG. 1(c), said chip may be placed in a slot or through hole created on the glass substrate. The chip may be integrated using terminals created on the inner surface of the slot or extensions created on the chip as seen in FIG. 1(d).
  • FIGs. 1(c)- 1(g) show the different means of disposing the antenna and the chip as per the present invention.
  • the radio frequency chip may be connected to the two antenna by way of a top connector and a sensor is attached on the other end of the chip, as shown FIG.
  • FIG. 1(e) shows the RF chip being connected with the 2 antennas across the glass substrate layer - top and bottom surface. The sensor is integrated on the lateral surface of the RF chip. The arrangement is suitable when there is a partial cut-out provided at end of glazing and not as a through hole.
  • FIG. 1(g) shows alternate configuration of a B-pillar, quarterlite or sidefix glass with encapsulation. It is suitable for external surface sensing based application. The larger size or space availability may be utilized for integrating regular sized chips, battery and complex sensing chips.
  • IRR infrared radiation
  • FIG. 2(a) discloses an electronic device (110) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electronic device as per the present invention includes at least two transponders (such as and not limited to data transponders) configured to provide improved the radio frequency communication.
  • a transponder is a wireless communication, monitoring, or control device that picks up and automatically responds to an incoming signal.
  • the electronic device (110) may include at least two means for radio wave communication operably configured with the single control unit.
  • the single control unit may include a processor, one or more storage media, interfaces and connectors for input or output, a clock rate measuring unit and the like.
  • the single control unit may be a micro-controller.
  • the single control unit may include a digital processor configured to handle the air protocol managing the non-volatile memory according to the standards established in the art.
  • the digital processor is capable to control several devices to add functionality serial peripheral interface (SPI) module (like master/slave), an event generator, an edge detector, an event logger, and the like.
  • SPI serial peripheral interface
  • the SPI module can be configured as a master or a slave device, and it can be used to control and retrieve data from external digital systems. In master mode, the operation of the SPI is commanded through standard memory access commands.
  • the electronic device (110) integrated within the laminated glazing (100) is customized to eliminate mutual inductance and improved readability.
  • frequency communication is improved using a compact circular polarized printed circuit loop antenna design with specific configuration as would be defined by the application.
  • a circular polarized antenna is critically needed for applications in which the orientation between the units of the electronic device is vital for the functioning of the units.
  • a circular polarized antenna is critically needed for scenarios in which orientation between the data transponder and a reader is required for covering up better read range (say like 360 degrees) including horizontal and/or vertical alignment.
  • Circular polarized antenna is designed to emit radio frequency energy in conical pattern rather than construction of normal dipole tags (align horizontal or vertical).
  • the radio frequency energy travels in a corkscrew out from the reader antenna, and the corkscrew becomes larger as the energy gets further from the antenna.
  • This has been pictorially represented in FIG. 2(b).
  • This advantageously saves the cumbersome manual task of orienting the antenna in different vertical or horizontal configurations and also enables a reader communicating with the electronic device (110) of the laminated glazing to be mounted anywhere within the vehicle or even outside the vehicle.
  • the antenna units and/or the transponders coupled with the single control unit are configured to provide good radio frequency based isolation by the design of the assembly of antenna, transponder and the single control unit itself.
  • the different antenna or transponders are configured with the single control unit in such way that there is no mutual inductance, the desired impedance for each of the units is maintained, the desired signal strength is achieved and a desired routing of the electronic design is achieved.
  • the electronic device (110), that is capable of communication in at least two different frequency bands, is thus configured to eliminate undesirable radio frequency interferences within and outside the assembly of the electronic device.
  • the transponder of the electronic device (110) includes is customized with an antenna circuit.
  • the antenna is tuned using a tuning frequency, F, given by
  • FIG. 2 (c) shows an exemplary embodiment of the transponder circuit being customized with a respective suitable antenna circuit as per the present invention.
  • conductance (Cant), resistance (Rant) and inductance (Lant) are constants but the resulting impedance (their parallel combination) is frequency dependent.
  • the imaginary part of the antenna impedance (Zant) is null and thus the antenna impedance is purely resistive.
  • the imaginary part of the antenna impedance is positive and the antenna behavior is inductive.
  • the antenna is customized with the transponder circuit for catering to the multi -frequency communication.
  • Within the vehicle communication may be for different access control, vehicle thermal comfort support wherein the unit like a reader communicating with the integrated electronic device (110) of the glazing is located within the vehicle like may be positioned at the dashboard.
  • Communication with the integrated electronic device (110) of the glazing by a unit outside the vehicle would include scenarios like electronic toll collection system.
  • a customized circular polarized antenna design is used in the transponder communication to improve the radiation pattern even when the orientation of the antenna of the transponder and the reader are different. If the reader is within the vehicle, it is desirable for the reader to have such customized circular polarized antenna as well.
  • the multi-radio frequency (RF) based electronic device (110) that is capable of communication in at least two different frequency bands, comprises antennas which are sensitive to multiple frequency ranges.
  • the multi frequency RF based electronic device (110) includes antennas on the transponders. Along with antennas, it may also include sensor circuit which is meant for sensing certain parameters such as temperature, stress or relative humidity.
  • the complete arrangement of all the antennas and the sensor circuit may all be advantageously combined together to a single sensor unit such as for example and not limited to an integrated chip.
  • This chip may include split data storage unit which provides multiple data with respect to which frequency band it is exposed on.
  • the at least one electronic device is powered in wired mode or in wireless mode.
  • Power to the transponders may be provided through radiation from a source to the respective antenna by way of electromagnetic field induction.
  • the antenna elements present in the electronic device (110) may be completely or partially transparent.
  • Said single assembly of electronic device (such as the integrated chip) also provides information on the transponder data and also the sensor values. In an example, the information may be processed by means of two antennas such as power up antenna and read out antenna. Powering up of the transponder is done by means of the respective antenna of the transponders (like the RFID antenna or NFC antenna). Sensor information reading may be done through RF antennas (RFID or NFC) and powering through the RFID based antenna.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • Simultaneous processing of sensor information can also be done through suitable selection of sensors.
  • different sensor information can be processed at the same instance by suitable RF readers.
  • processing of RFID based information for geo-fencing along with the sensor information can also be simultaneously.
  • the glass condition can be continuously monitored and also the sensor placed can provide information and can alert the user on where the glass cracked.
  • FIG. 3 (a) discloses a configuration of the electronic device with a minimum of two transponders (111, 112) and a sensing circuit (113).
  • the transponders may be RFID and/or NFC units.
  • the antenna portions of these transponders are placed at certain intervals to avoid interference of the frequencies.
  • RFID and NFC antennas are combined and accordingly application specifics pertaining to the mentioned two antennas are being enabled.
  • the electronic device (110) as shown in FIG. 3 (a) also contains a sensing circuit having at least one sensor unit.
  • the sensor unit has one or more antenna to monitor and sense certain parameters such as temperature, humidity and the like.
  • the sensing circuit designed with specific variations in resistance, inductance and capacitance parameters.
  • FIG. 3(b) depicts a configuration of the electronic device (110) as per an embodiment of the present invention.
  • this configuration includes more than two radio frequency based antennas are combined together to form a single network which is capable of performing multiple use cases. It contains at least transponders for low frequency (114), in addition to the RFID, NFC units and sensing circuit (111, 112 and 113).
  • the antennas are tuned to be sensitive to certain frequencies and also these antennas are designed for operating in such variety of ranges without having any kind of interferences with each other.
  • the sensor antenna may be wirelessly triggered and certain parameters which the sensor is capable of measuring can be processed at the same time on reading the RF antennas.
  • the single network unit of the electronic device (110) containing data transponders may include low frequency (114), the RFID unit (111), and the NFC units (112) as seen from FIG. 3 (b).
  • this configuration may include antenna unit for sensing a first range of frequency, a second range of frequency and a third range of frequency. All these antenna units are operably coupled to the single control unit.
  • the at least one electronic device (110) in the laminated glazing (100) may be powered in a wired mode or in wireless mode.
  • the at least one electronic device may be powered by an electronic control unit (ECU) of the vehicle in wired or wireless mode or by a self-powering unit (200) in the laminated glazing itself.
  • the self-powering unit (200) is a module having provision to provide powering sensing and data communication of the electronic device.
  • FIG. 4 depicts the self-powering unit operably coupled with the electronic device (110).
  • the self-powering unit (200) may be a module partially or completely embedded with multi -frequency device.
  • the self-powering unit (200) is partially embedded in a power unit external to the glazing.
  • the connecting means or connectors that may be partially within glazing and partially outside the glazing (to a say the ECU).
  • the power supply to the electronic device (110) of the laminated glazing may be located at the black ceramic region of the laminated glazing (100) of the vehicle with the connectors being within the glazing partially.
  • Self-powering unit may be an energy harvesting unit.
  • the energy harvesting unit is configured to scavenge energy from the surroundings such as solar energy, wind energy or vibratory energy and the like.
  • the energy harvesting unit is capable of generating power from such wasted energy and is capable of powering the electronic unit within the laminated glazing (100).
  • the self-powering unit may be regarded as the booster power supply that is configured to ensure continuous supply of power to the electronic device, even when a primary power supply or battery assistance to the electronic device (110) fails occasionally or in some cases to augment the device with additional power when needed.
  • the self-powering unit comprises a multiplier circuitry capable of providing multiplied RF energy (from say a raw AC source) to the electronic device (110) based on parameters such as antenna gain.
  • the multiplied RF energy is provided after rectified (changing AC to DC) and filtered before being supplied to the electronic device.
  • the self-powering unit is operably connected with a power system management (PSM), said PSM being part of the at least one electronic device.
  • PSM may be a separate unit of the electronic device (110) or is a part of the transponders (like RFID unit).
  • the examples of the self-powering unit include e.g. solar cells, piezo sensors (vehicle vibration).
  • FIG. 8(a) shows transmitting coil and receiving coil being disposed on either the surface of the glass layer or across the layers of the glazing.
  • This may be advantageous in eliminating wiring and integrated battery in the electronic device for external powering to enable active configuration (say when the whole power for the electronic device is supplied by the powering unit) or semi passive configuration (say when partial powering of either sensor or the 2 communication antennas).
  • sensors may be powered to store data every 5s while the data to RF DAQ or reader unit may be sent every 60s. This reduces the power consumption of the DAQ/reader unit and at same time provide sufficient sensing data at higher sampling rate. This may further help in better sequential data collection.
  • the self-powering unit may be configured such that said powering unit is wireless powering, having wireless powering coil controlled and powered by a wireless power unit.
  • Said power unit may be in vehicle dashboards.
  • the control could be from the electronic control unit (ECU) or by a sub-system developed for the same.
  • the powering segment of the unit may be done by different methods such as battery, piezoelectric element, energy harvesting circuits integrated to the electronic device.
  • the coil positioning and arrangement in the laminated glazing is shown in FIG. 8(a).
  • the powering unit may include energy harvesting device (like solar cell, piezo- vibration sensor) and a conversion circuit integrated or embedded in the glazing as shown in FIG. 8(b).
  • the glazing with the electronics device function as a complete self-sufficient system.
  • the power for the sensor activation may be provided by a solar cell unit directly connected to the electronic device chip i.e. integrated to the glazing or alternatively, through a wireless powering coil placed in the field of the receiver coil or antenna which is then connected to the electronic device.
  • the implementations are not limited to these.
  • a system (1000) in a vehicle for radio frequency communication comprises an integrated multi-radio frequency (RF) based electronic device (1001) configured for data and/or signal communication in at least two different frequency bands, wherein said electronic device (1001) is integrated within a vehicle glazing.
  • the system further comprises one or more readers operably coupled with the integrated multi- frequency RF based electronic device for reading data communication.
  • FIG. 5(a) discloses an overview of the system.
  • the integrated multi- frequency RF based electronic device (1001) of the glazing may wirelessly communicates with an in-vehicle reader unit (1002) for reading data or signal communication.
  • the in-vehicle reader unit is operably coupled with a vehicle electronic control unit, ECU, (1004) in a wired or wireless mode.
  • the integrated multi -frequency RF based electronic device (1001) of the glazing may also wirelessly communicates with an out-vehicle reader unit (1003) for reading data or signal communication.
  • the out-vehicle reader unit (1003) is operably coupled with a remote server (1005) in a wireless mode.
  • the out-vehicle reader unit (1003) may also be a part of an internet of things (IoT) system.
  • IoT internet of things
  • the electronic device of the system may include means for secure multi -frequency radio wave communication.
  • the said means one or more transponders, antenna unit, and/or sensors like temperature sensors, humidity sensors and the like.
  • This electronic device is integrated in the vehicle glazing by way of screen printing, transfer printing, roll printing, pad printing, or adhered on the glazing with an adhesive (such as a sticker).
  • the vehicle glazing may include and not limited to a single glazing, laminated glazing, sidelite, quaterlite, backlite, sunroof, moonroof of the vehicle.
  • the present invention in one of its embodiments advantageously provides a local heating unit (115) for heating in the near vicinity of the antenna area.
  • FIG. 3 (c) shows the electronic device having the heating unit (115).
  • the local sensing of the temperature around the multi -frequency tag is sensed by the same temperature sensor which is integrated as a portion of the multi -frequency RF based electronic device.
  • the heating unit like a heating grid (115) is interconnected with the regular defogger switch and henceforth can be switched on at same time.
  • This heating grid maintains the multi frequency RF based electronic device in the best operating temperature so as to improvise the readability of the antennae.
  • the heating element (115) may be tungsten wire or even copper wire which can heat up the defined zone.
  • the major advantage in this system is that the RF based electronic devices contains sensors for sensing the temperatures and thereby also help in initiating the heating unit placed all around the same.
  • the heating unit main function is to enhance the performance of the multi frequency RF based electronic device in colder environments.
  • the heating unit can be automated or can be manual.
  • the reading of the antenna is enabled by melting the ice formed around the antenna portion.
  • the heating element also can be designed in a way that just before the RF antenna is read by the reader unit the heating unit power cuts off and thereby also ensuring there is no electromagnetic compatibility and interferences, EMC/EMI, during the reading.
  • the heating unit (115) has a defined heating parameters such as the rate of heating, heating temperature range etc. The distance of placing the heating line from the antenna portions are also critical and the design of the complete network is made in a way that the heating unit does not hinder/affect the performance of the multi frequency RF based electronic device.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a heating grid layer in the glazing acting both as a heating element and antenna. This may be achieved by designing the antenna element as per the frequency requirement - HF, UHF, LF, Bluetooth, WiFi, 5G and the like.
  • the design customizations include interline spacing and antenna to heating line spacing, the lower limit of the spacing is constrained so as to reduce the coupling between the two elements (heating grid line and antenna feed or coil line e.g. NFC) and the upper limit of the spacing is restricted to allow better heating in the electronic device area. This implies that the area occupied by the device may be defogged.
  • the material preferred may be conductive material in alloy or composite form. This allows to provide sufficient resistance for heating function and at the same time provide RF radiation.
  • the integrated multi-radio frequency (RF) based electronic device (1001) may include an LF transponder, an HF transponder and a sensing unit, all of which are operably coupled to a single control unit.
  • Each of the transponders may be configured with a respective antenna (antenna 1 and antenna 2).
  • the in-vehicle reader (1002) is operably configured with the ECU by way of say a CAN bus.
  • Antenna 3 of the in vehicle reader is a single antenna capable of reading the sensing unit, the antenna of the LF transponder and the antenna of the HF transponder.
  • the in-vehicle reader unit (1003) is customized single reader system with single antenna configured of communication of all frequency bands.
  • the in-vehicle reader unit is configured for secured communication.
  • a customized single reader system for two different frequency bands is further disclosed.
  • in-reader system comprising a single antenna, preferably circular polarized antenna for different frequency bands communication and also for sensor data communication.
  • mutual authentication system is achieved by 128-bit AES (Advanced encryption standards) authentication keys are stored in the transponder unit securely guarded in its internal memory, and can be pre-programmed and locked by the user. These cryptographic keys may be used for transponder such as RFID tag authentication or for privacy protection. Tag authentication as well as mutual authentication is performed using crypto keys.
  • Sensor units may respond to in-vehicle reader configured to ECU when data is requested periodically or on-demand information such as sensor data, geo fencing data and the like.
  • the sensor tag may be configured to also respond to a reader like a scanner when another vehicle comes within a certain radius of the vehicle having the laminated glass assembly as per the present invention, the scanner is able to send out the signals and read information such as vehicle identification - Unique Electronic Product Code (Identification code of the vehicle) and Unique tag identification etc.
  • a system in a vehicle for radio frequency communication comprises an integrated multi-radio frequency (RF) based electronic device configured for data and/or signal communication in at least two different frequency bands.
  • the electronic device is integrated within a vehicle glazing.
  • the system further includes a control unit operably coupled with said integrated multi -frequency RF based electronic device for radio frequency communication. It further includes one or more reader inside or outside vehicle operably coupled with the integrated multi-frequency RF based electronic device for reading data communication.
  • the system is operably coupled with a vehicle electronic control unit in a wired or wireless mode or the system is operably coupled with a remote server in a wireless mode.
  • FIG. 5 (a) shows this system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5(b) shows a radio frequency electronic architecture according to the present invention.
  • the LF, HF data transponders coupled with respective antenna may provide the core RF communication functionality.
  • it may include RF energy harvesting from the RF field, demodulation of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) symbols in the forward link and Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation of the impedance of the circuit to backscatter data through the reverse link.
  • the harvested energy (Voltage multiplier for AC rectified to DC and then filtering) is managed by a power supply management unit.
  • Low dropout regulators may be used to provide stable supply voltages for internal circuitry and external devices. Voltage monitors are included to ensure proper start up of the system.
  • the device can be powered up using an external battery. Provisioned for connecting a battery with low drain current and activating the use of the battery upon request. Sensor (like temperature and relative humidity, RH sensor) data is collected and sent to single control unit within the glazing.
  • the data communication in the system is configured to be authenticated by way of cryptographic authentication.
  • cryptographic authentication In an implementation of the invention is included 128-bit AES (Advanced encryption standards) authentication keys stored in the tag IC’s securely guarded internal memory, and can be pre-programmed and locked by the user. These cryptographic keys can be used for tag authentication or for privacy protection. Tag authentication as well as mutual authentication is performed using crypto keys.
  • the disclosed system (1000) includes powering wireless unit of the present invention, wherein is provided provision to provide wireless powering for sensors and data communication.
  • the components of the multi - frequency RF based device with sensor and ID (HF/UHF) modules is wirelessly powered by way of wireless powering coil (receiving) placed in coupled contact with the powering coil.
  • the powering wireless unit further includes wireless powering coil (transmitting) connected to the wireless power unit and the wireless powering unit is mounted on the dashboard (Battery with a driver/controller unit).
  • FIG. 6 (a) shows a multi-frequency RF based electronic device integrated glazing (like a windshield and not limited to it) as per an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the therein disclosed diagram represents an automotive glazing with integrated multi -frequency RF based electronic device.
  • For an RFID unit placed on glazing there are already zones defined in the glazing by the regulatory bodies on the location at which it is to be fixed. In such scenario, the RFID antennas are being fixed in the defined locations as per regulations.
  • the sensor circuit is mainly helpful in determining certain key critical parameters such as temperature and humidity.
  • Example may include camera portion the windshield is very critical as there are lot many factors that can affect the performance by fogging or ice formation etc. In this regards, a sensor unit available in the camera region is of value add as it enhances the reliability of complete system.
  • This sensor circuit senses the parameters and provides the information to the chip circuit.
  • This sensor parameter is further sensed by the vehicle data acquiring unit and it results in performing desired/necessary actions by triggering the specific systems such as wiper park heating, camera heating and the like.
  • the data acquiring unit can be positioned in the near proximity zone such as placing it over the glass, inside the camera bracket area, inside the dashboard, pillar zones or any interior trims.
  • the sensing parameters can be of measuring different parameters such as temperature, relative humidity.
  • the RFID and NFC antennas are placed in the prescribed location and sensor being placed in the near vicinity of the camera portion. The distance at which the RFID and the NFC antenna placed and the sensor circuit there is a connecting circuit which is placed.
  • FIG. 6(b) shows a system for the activation of heating grid unit or RF powering unit using data from the multi -frequency RF electronic device.
  • the system enables integration of the ECU unit or vehicle control systems to activate based on various inputs.
  • Manual control in which the user intervention is preferred and the type of input from the user can be based on following options such as voice assisted activation and gesture controlled.
  • the automated control in which by means of sensing devices the user intervention is eliminated and the activation takes place automatically by means of feedback from the same multi - frequency RF based device.
  • the positioning of the multi -frequency RF based electronic device in the glazing is disclosed.
  • the multi frequency RF based electronic device can be placed on PVB face or glass face.
  • stamping of PVB is required to position it at exact location and in order to mount it on glass face, positioning is done using marking.
  • Mounting of Multi Frequency RF based electronic device on glass or PVB using an adhesive would go through a heating cycle in which evaporation of adhesive can occur.
  • Readability of the tags based on the face on which it is mounting is studied. There are different faces of which the antennae can be placed as shown in below figure. At present more commercially available RFID tags are stuck on the face 4 of the glass (passenger cabin glass face).
  • Multi Frequency RF based electronic device it is not advisable to put Multi Frequency RF based electronic device on face 1 as it is highly exposed outside and can degrade or lose its function due to all external factors. Henceforth, the options available are either o Face 2, Face 3, Face A or Face B (face A & B is of PVB).
  • a method of manufacturing a laminated glazing (100) for a vehicle comprising the steps of assembling of first and second substrate (101, 103) along with one or more electronic devices at a pre-defmed location to one or more interlayers to form a laminate assembly, de-airing of the laminated assembly based on the size, number and type of data transponder device and the step of autoclaving the de-aired laminated assembly in successive time steps involving multiple pressure and temperature values to form the data transponder device integrated laminated glazing.
  • the multi -frequency RF electronic device was integrated inside windshield by following the methodology flow.
  • the windshield has polymer interlayer which is over the thickness of about 0.76mm.
  • the multi frequency RF electronic device is mostly flexible and as discussed in earlier description, the tag can be integrated by placing it directly over the glass surface followed by interlayer and glass and thereby completing the laminated glazing (100).
  • additional PVB layer was introduced to suit requirement. The installation of multi frequency RF electronic device in between these two layers is done in the PVB assembly area. While placing the multi frequency RF electronic device over glass during assembly, first PVB was placed and the tag area was locally cut out in order to suit the film inside. After placement, one more additional layer of PVB is placed over and the assembly is completed.
  • the method also involves printing the multi frequency RF electronic device directly on the glass surface. This is significant when the need for integrating on single glazing.
  • the printing of the antenna can be done by any we known process such as screen printing, transfer printing, roll printing, pad printing etc.
  • the printed multi frequency RF electronic device is then allowed to cure at defined temperature by means of IR or UV curing techniques.
  • a method of integration or the assembly configurations To enable easy integration in a automotive manufacturing line : both from glazing produciton and vehicle manufacturing/assembly line and to develop application specific designs for multi - frequency RF based device.
  • the RF based sensors and antenna layers are placed across interlayer thickness and the connectivity between layers are wired or conductive contact.
  • the interlayer can act as substrate for one or more components within the same multi - frequency RF based device.
  • the configuration may include an additional isolator or directional layer. To enable directionality of communicaiton, it is seen that it has been different for each sub-component. Alternatively, with this configuration, the range with same power may be thus be improved. FIGs.
  • 7(a) and 7(b) shows the differen multi-layered structure of the laminated glazing as per the present invention.
  • the interlayer or glass acting as a component substrate it is suitably modified for enhancing the device performance by surface preparation, doping or impregnation with conductive or dielectric or suitable electro-magnetic material.
  • Circularly polarized antennas enable the device to communicate with external radio frequency systems irrespective of the polarization of transmitting antennas.
  • different antenna may be placed across different layers of the automotive glazing. This is advantageous for wider area of coverage for short range and accordingly would help in communicating with different electronics devices within the vehicle cabin. Further, it may be employed in having distributed polarization for selective communication. For instance, a first antenna unit having linear polarization (horizontal) and a second antenna unit having linear polarization (vertical) may be used. This facilitates for selective powering of the sensors by sending linearly polarized RF signals from reader.
  • FIGs. 7(a) and 7(b) show the different configurations of antenna units disposed in different layers of the glazing.
  • the laminated glazing may be and not limited to a windshield, sidelite, quaterlite, backlite, sunroof glazing of the vehicle or the any architectural glazing.
  • a windshield there may be two zones, one is visible zone where is visible from outside and an invisible zone, which is painted zone.
  • the electronic device may be embedded anywhere in the laminated glazing or windshield.
  • the invisible zone of the windshield is usually a black ceramic painted (BCP) region where electronic device may be embedded behind the BCP region so that it would not be visible outside.
  • BCP zone can be over the mirror button region as the area is away from the metal body. As it is the BCP area, there are no possibilities of coating to be applied in these regions. This advantageously does not hamper the visible zone for the user.
  • RFID based monitoring system is a popular trend in the automotive and other applications.
  • the proposed invention may provide continuous monitoring like identification of asset (RFID), secured access control (NFC), environment monitoring and control (RFID based wireless sensor - humidity, Temperature and etc.) and other service extension (LF/HF) possibility through either single chip or multichip methods.
  • RFID RFID
  • NFC secured access control
  • LF/HF service extension
  • the architecture disclosed in the present invention incudes two thin layer which is effectively embedded in a vehicle glazing with the wirelessly connected capability to the multi-frequency RFID based reader device.
  • the glazing unit comprises multi -frequency RFID based device is connected through single chip transponder and also comprises of thin printed conductive heating circuit with directly connected to the DC power through vehicle battery.
  • the key functional activities are controlled through customized multi-frequency RFID based reader module wirelessly with suitable location to ensure the connectivity.
  • the proposed system can communicate directly to the vehicle ECU for real time data sharing to the cloud for future aspects.
  • the vehicle can be geo fenced by means of the multi- frequency RF based electronic device thereby enabling the vehicle tracking and post which the charges pertaining to the extending the operation limit of the vehicle can be made to the end user by payment through NFC means.
  • the dual frequency tags can be useful in multiple application and one such use case will be RFID for geo fencing (stolen vehicle tracking) and vehicle Identification (electronic trolling), NFC as a payment means for fleet segments, green zone that limits the vehicle access, vehicle registration enforcement and parking access and payment.
  • the entry time details of the specific tag is recorded by electronic toll and post exit scenario the electronic toll can be again used for recording the exit time and applicable charges are imposed on the specific tag.
  • the payment for the parking is done by means of the same tag’s NFC chip through smartphone.
  • the multi -frequency RF based electronic device is useful where multiple applications can be built in single patch.
  • RFID reader placed in the parking lot retrieves vehicle critical data by mapping the unique Identification number and locates the vehicle details and when the vehicle is in open environment the geo fencing of the same can be done much effectively.
  • the disclosed invention provides for effective embedding of an electronic device capable of multi -frequency RF based secured communication.
  • Said electronic device is adpated to be embedded in betweeen thin layers of a glazing in a vehicle.
  • the configuration of the disclosed electronic device is such that it eliminates the need for having individual transponders for every radio frequency communication band. It rather advantageously has single electronic device configured for multifrequency RF based communication.
  • the disclosed invention is capable of customized single reader system with a single antenna for at least two frequency ranges in a secured communication.
  • the design or placement of the sub component/transponder in the electronic device as per the present invention is such that it faciliates for elimination of undesirable radio frequency interferences within and outside the assembly of the electronic device.
  • the present invention provides a heating grid capable of maintaining the multi -frequency RF based electronic device in the best operating temperature to improvise the readability of the antenna.
  • the present invention provides for radio frequency energy harvesting for ensuring continued powering of the electronic device.
  • ⁇ In the following is shown a consolidated view of the advantageous functions performed by the electronic device in the automotive glazing of the present invention, as compared to the single devices known in the prior art:
  • glass assembly/laminated glazing 101 first substrate of glass 102, 102a, 102b: interlayers 103: second substrate of glass 110a: transponder/ integrated chip 110b, 110b’: antenna
  • multi-radio frequency based electronic device 110, 1001 multi-radio frequency based electronic device 111: transponder catering to one frequency (like say NFC)
  • transponder catering to another frequency (like say RFID) 10 single control unit
  • heating element 113 sensor circuit

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un vitrage de véhicule (100) faisant partie intégrante d'un dispositif électronique basé sur des radiofréquences (RF) multiples. Le vitrage automobile (100) comprenant un dispositif électronique (110) intégré entre un premier substrat (101) et un second substrat (103), est couplé de manière fonctionnelle à une unité de commande unique pour une communication par ondes radio multifréquence sécurisée. Est en outre divulgué un système (1000) dans un véhicule pour une communication radiofréquence multifréquence. L'invention divulguée est apte à surmonter les inconvénients de l'état de la technique où pour chaque communication en fréquence, une unité distincte est nécessaire pour des communications RF.
PCT/IN2022/050398 2021-04-29 2022-04-27 Vitrage de véhicule faisant partie intégrante d'un dispositif électronique basé sur des radiofréquences multiples WO2022229981A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6275157B1 (en) 1999-05-27 2001-08-14 Intermec Ip Corp. Embedded RFID transponder in vehicle window glass
US8810462B2 (en) 2010-01-13 2014-08-19 Origin Gps Ltd. Rigid elements embedded in a motor vehicle windshield
US20170110258A1 (en) 2010-04-16 2017-04-20 GranBlueTech, L.L.C. Capacitors having engineered electrodes with very high energy density
WO2020053901A1 (fr) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Système intelligent de commande de véhicule à vitrage intégré

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6275157B1 (en) 1999-05-27 2001-08-14 Intermec Ip Corp. Embedded RFID transponder in vehicle window glass
US8810462B2 (en) 2010-01-13 2014-08-19 Origin Gps Ltd. Rigid elements embedded in a motor vehicle windshield
US20170110258A1 (en) 2010-04-16 2017-04-20 GranBlueTech, L.L.C. Capacitors having engineered electrodes with very high energy density
WO2020053901A1 (fr) * 2018-09-10 2020-03-19 Saint-Gobain Glass France Système intelligent de commande de véhicule à vitrage intégré

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