Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D291/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D291/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D291/06—Six-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/54—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame
  • A61K31/549—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one sulfur as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. sulthiame having two or more nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. hydrochlorothiazide
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
  • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
  • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new compounds and uses thereof.
• the present disclosure includes a compound selected from a compound of Formula I: Formula I, wherein R 1 is -CO-aryl or C1-C6 branched or unbranched alkyl and R 2 is H.
• the present disclosure includes a compound selected from: [001] In one aspect, the present disclosure includes a pharmaceutical composition including a compound of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes an oral dosage form including a compound of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating a subject by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating a subject suffering from cancer by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating tumor stem cells in a subject by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating a subject in need of anti-angiogenesis by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating a subject in need of anti-tubulogenesis by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating a subject suffering from a bacterial infection by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of treating a subject suffering from a viral infection by administering to said subject a compound, composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a co-therapeutic composition or regimen including taurolidine and/or taurultam in combination with at least one compound, pharmaceutical composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure includes a method of broadening the pharmacokinetic effects of taurolidine and/or taurultam in a human subject using at least two compounds having different half-lives, comprising administering to the human subject taurolidine and/or taurultam in combination with at least one compound, pharmaceutical composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure
• the present disclosure includes a co-therapeutic composition or regimen including a) at least one compound, pharmaceutical composition, or oral dosage form of the present disclosure, in combination with b) carmustine, cytarabine, gemcitabine, nabPaclitaxel, asparaginase, procarbazine, mitomycin, 5-FU, methotrexate, vinblastine, dacarbazine, cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, bevacizumab, one or more checkpoint inhibitors, one or more PARP inhibitors, one or more anti -PD-1 drugs, docetaxel,
• Fig. 1 is a cell migration assay using MDA MB 468 cells.
• Fig. 2 is a MTT assay for cell viability
• Fig. 3 is a BrdU assay for cell proliferation.
• Substances 2289 and 2296 show a significant impact on the cell viability of the analyzed cell line AsPcl from a concentration of 100 ⁇ M compared to the untreated control (NC) after 24 h.
• the substance 2293 shows a significant impact on the cell viability from a concentration of 500 ⁇ M compared to the untreated control (NC) after 24 h. Measurements were performed in eightfold determination and p-values were calculated by a t-test. (* p ⁇ 0.05 significant, ** p ⁇ 0.01 highly significant, *** p ⁇ 0.001 extremely significant).
• Compounds of the present disclosure may be administered to any subject in need of therapy according to the present disclosure.
• Such subjects may be at risk of suffering from or suffering from a variety of diseases, disorders and conditions.
• diseases, disorders and conditions may be characterized by infection with a microbial agent.
• diseases, disorders and conditions may be characterized by presence or risk of cancers, tumors, cancer stem cells, a family history of cancer, or positive genetic markers associated with cancer risk.
• the present invention relates to compounds having antineoplastic activities, antimicrobial activities and/or other activities.
• compounds of the present invention are useful, inter alia, in the treatment of cancers and tumors in a subject, such as a human patient. Accordingly, in certain embodiments the present invention also relates to treatment of cancers and tumors using compounds described herein.
• Cancers such as central nervous system cancers including glioblastoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, astrocytoma, and carcinomatous meningitis, colon cancer, rectal cancer and colo-rectal cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, mesothelioma, melanoma, renal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, urinary bladder cancer, cervical cancer, cardiac cancer, gall bladder cancer, skin cancer, bone cancer, cancers of the head and neck, leukemia, lymphoma, lymphosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and metastases thereof, for example, are diseases contemplated for treatment according to certain embodiments of the invention.
• central nervous system cancers including glioblastoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, astrocytoma, and carcinomatous meningitis, colon cancer, rectal cancer and colo-rectal
• the patient suffers from cancers or tumors including, but not limited to biliary tract cancer; brain cancer, including glioblastomas and medulloblastomas; breast cancer; triple negative breast cancer; uterine cancer; tubal cancer; cervical cancer; choriocarcinoma; colon cancer; bladder cancer; endometrial cancer; retinoblastoma; vaginal cancer; vulvar cancer; esophageal cancer; mouth cancer; gastric cancer; kidney cancer; hematological neoplasms, including acute lymphocytic and myelogenous leukemia; multiple myeloma; AIDS-associated leukemias and adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma; intraepithelial neoplasms, including Bowen's disease and Paget's disease; liver cancer (hepatocarcinoma); lung cancer; head or neck cancers or oral cancers (mouth, throat, esophageal, nasopharyngeal, jaw, tonsil
• cancers or tumors include breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and melanoma.
• Drug resistant tumors for example a multiple drug resistant (MDR) tumor, also are useful in certain embodiments using the inventive compounds, including drug resistant tumors which are solid tumors, non-solid tumors and lymphomas. It is presently believed that any neoplastic cell can be treated using the methods described herein.
• MDR multiple drug resistant
• the terms can refer to instances in which the event, circumstance, characteristic, or property occurs precisely as well as instances in which the event, circumstance, characteristic, or property occurs to a close approximation, such as accounting for typical tolerance levels or variability of the examples described herein.
• the term “about” is used to provide flexibility to a numerical range endpoint by providing that a given value may be “a little above” or “a little below” the endpoint.
• the degree of flexibility of this term can be dictated by the particular variable and would be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to determine based on experience and the associated description herein.
• the degree of flexibility can be within about ⁇ 10% of the numerical value.
• the degree of flexibility can be within about ⁇ 5% of the numerical value.
• the degree of flexibility can be within about ⁇ 2%, ⁇ 1%, or ⁇ 0.05%, of the numerical value.
• the compounds of the invention may be useful in one or more of a free acid form, a free base form, in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutically acceptable hydrates, pharmaceutically acceptable esters, pharmaceutically acceptable solvates, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, pharmaceutically acceptable metabolites, and in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable stereoisomers.
• the disclosed compounds, in each of its forms, are within the scope of the invention.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable salt”, “hydrate”, “ester” or “solvate” refers to a salt, hydrate, ester, or solvate of the inventive compounds which possesses the desired pharmacological activity and which is neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable.
• Organic acids can be used to produce salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates such as acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, bisulfate, sulfamate, sulfate, naphthylate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate heptanoate, hexanoate, 2-hydroxy ethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, tosylate and undecanoate.
• Inorganic acids can be used to produce salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, and thiocyanate.
• Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate, phosphate, tartrate, fumarate, maleate, oxalate, acetate, propionate, succinate, mandelate, mesylate, besylate and tosylate.
• Salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates may also be formed with organic bases.
• Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts of acidic compounds may be formed with organic and inorganic bases by conventional methods.
• alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium carbonate and the like, ammonia, primary, secondary and tertiary amines and the like.
• aluminum salts of the instant compounds may be obtained by treating the corresponding sodium salt with an appropriate aluminum complex such as, for example, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, and the like.
• Non-toxic organic bases include, but are not limited to, triethylamine, butylamine, piperazine, and tri(hydroxymethyl)-methylamine.
• Suitable base salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates include hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of ammonia, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, aluminum salts, and zinc salts.
• Organic bases suitable for the formation of pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates of the compounds of the present invention include those that are non-toxic and strong enough to form such salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates.
• the class of such organic bases may include mono-, di-, and trialkylamines, such as methylamine, dimethylamine, triethylamine and dicyclohexylamine; mono-, di- or trihydroxyalkylamines, such as mono-, di-, and triethanolamine; amino acids, such as arginine and lysine; guanidine; N-methyl-glucosamine; N- methyl-glucamine; L-glutamine; N-methyl-piperazine; morpholine; ethylenediamine; N-benzyl- phenethylamine; (trihydroxy-methyl)aminoethane; and the like. See, for example, “Pharmaceutical Salts,” J. Pharm.
• basic nitrogen- containing groups can be quaternized with agents including: lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates; long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; and aralkyl halides such as benzyl and phenethyl bromides.
• lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides
• dialkyl sulfates such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates
• long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and steary
• the salts, hydrates, esters, or solvates of the basic compounds may be prepared either by dissolving the free base of a oxathiazin-like compound in an aqueous or an, aqueous alcohol solution or other suitable solvent containing the appropriate acid or base, and isolating the salt by evaporating the solution.
• the free base of the oxathiazin-like compound may be reacted with an acid, as well as reacting the oxathiazin-like compound having an acid group thereon with a base, such that the reactions are in an organic solvent, in which case the salt separates directly or can be obtained by concentrating the solution.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug” refers to a derivative of the inventive compounds which undergoes biotransformation prior to exhibiting its pharmacological effect(s).
• the prodrug is formulated with the objective(s) of improved chemical stability, improved patient acceptance and compliance, improved bioavailability, prolonged duration of action, improved organ selectivity, improved formulation (e.g., increased hydrosolubility), and/or decreased side effects (e.g., toxicity).
• the prodrug can be readily prepared from the inventive compounds using methods known in the art, such as those described by Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Chemistry, Fifth Ed., Vol. 1, pp. 172-178, 949-982 (1995).
• the inventive compounds can be transformed into prodrugs by converting one or more of the hydroxy or carboxy groups into esters.
• “Pharmaceutically acceptable metabolite” refers to drugs that have undergone a metabolic transformation. After entry into the body, most drugs are substrates for chemical reactions that may change their physical properties and biologic effects. These metabolic conversions, which usually affect the polarity of the compound, alter the way in which drugs are distributed in and excreted from the body. However, in some cases, metabolism of a drug is required for therapeutic effect. For example, anticancer drugs of the antimetabolite class must be converted to their active forms after they have been transported into a cancer cell. Since must drugs undergo metabolic transformation of some kind, the biochemical reactions that play a role in drug metabolism may be numerous and diverse. The main site of drug metabolism is the liver, although other tissues may also participate.
• compositions, concentrations, dosage regimens, dosage amounts, syndromes or conditions, steps, or the like may be discussed in the context of one specific aspect. It is understood that this is merely for convenience, and such disclosure is equally applicable to other aspects found herein.
• a list of method steps, active agents, kits or compositions described with respect to a method of administering a compound of the present disclosure would find direct support for aspects related to method steps, active agents, kits or compositions of, e.g., the following: treating, preventing, inhibiting or reducing at least one sign or symptom of a disease, disorder or condition caused by or associated with an infection or by presence or risk of cancers, tumors, cancer stem cells, a family history of cancer, or positive genetic markers associated with cancer risk, even if those method steps, active agents, kits or compositions are not re-listed in the context of that aspect in the specification.
• treating means an approach for obtaining beneficial or desired results, including clinical results.
• beneficial or desired clinical results can include, but are not limited to, alleviation or amelioration of one or more symptoms or conditions, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilizing (i.e. not worsening) the state of disease, delaying or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, diminishment of the reoccurrence of disease, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
• Treating and “treatment” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment.
• the methods described herein may be useful for the prevention or prophylaxis of disease.
• the term “treating” may refer to any administration of a compound of the present invention and includes: (i) preventing or inhibiting the disease in a mammal, e.g., a human, that is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the diseased (i.e., arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology); or (ii) ameliorating the disease in a mammal, e.g., a human that is experiencing or displaying the pathology or symptomatology of the disease (i.e., reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology).
• the term “controlling” includes preventing, treating, eradicating, ameliorating or otherwise reducing the severity of the condition being controlled.
• Tumor stem cells also referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the main drivers for the formation of metastases and the regrowth of tumors after resection.
• compounds of the present invention are useful, inter alia, in the treatment of tumor stem cells in a subject.
• compounds of the present invention are useful, inter alia, in the treatment of glioblastoma tumor stem cells in a subject.
• compounds of the present invention are useful, inter alia, in providing an anti-angiogenesis effect in a subject.
• compounds of the present invention are useful, inter alia, in providing an anti-tubulogenesis effect in a subject.
• the invention kills tumor cells and/or CSCs, or inhibits their growth, by oxidative stress, apoptosis and/or inhibiting growth of new blood vessels at the tumor site.
• a primary mechanism of action for killing tumor cells and/or CSCs is oxidative stress.
• Tumor cells and/or CSCs may also be killed by apoptosis according to the invention.
• compounds according to the invention are effective at inhibiting tumor cell growth by their anti-angiogenic action and their anti-tubulogenic action, and these compounds are thus useful for palliative treatment.
• the inventive compounds metabolize much slower in the bloodstream than taurolidine and taurultam. Accordingly, lower doses of such compounds can be administered to a patient to achieve similar effects.
• Compounds of the present invention also are useful, in certain embodiments, in treatment of microbial infections in a subject, such as a human patient.
• Microbial infections which may be treated according certain embodiments include bacterial infections, fungal infections and/or viral infections.
• Cancer patients tend to be immunocompromised, making them particularly susceptible to microbial infections, especially during and/or after surgery.
• compounds of the invention are utilized to treat glioblastoma in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized to treat S. aureus infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS A) infection in a subject.
• MRS A Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat E. coli infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat H . pylori infection in a subject, and/or cancer(s) associated with H. pylori in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Staphylococcus epidermidis infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Streptococcus pyogenes infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Enterococcus faecalis infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Haemophilus influenza infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat Moraxella catarrhalis infection in a subject.
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat a subject suffering from infection with at least one of the following bacteria: Enterococcus faecilis, Enterococcus faecilum, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acineobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneomoniae, Morganelle morganii, Bactroides fragilis, and Helicobacter pylori.
• HIV human immunodeficiency virus
• Herpes simplex viruses Epstein-Barr virus, SV-40 virus
• cytomegalovirus adenovirus-5, West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV)
• influenza pox virus, smallpox virus, ebola virus, marburg virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rubeola virus
• human papillomavirus varicella-zoster virus
• cytomegalovirus JC virus
• rhabdovirus rotavirus
• rhinovirus adenovirus
• papillomavirus parvovirus
• picornavirus poliovirus
• compounds of the invention are utilized according to the invention to treat fungal infections in a subject.
• the compounds of the present disclosure are useful in the curative or prophylactic treatment of fungal infections in animals, including humans.
• they are useful in treating topical fungal infections in man caused by, among other organisms, species of Candida, Trichophyton, Microsporum or Epidermophyton, or in mucosal infections caused by Candida albicans.
• Candida albicans can also be used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections caused by, for example, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Coccidiodes, Torulopsis glabrata, Paracoccidioides, Histoplasma or Blastomomyces.
• the antifungal compounds of the formula (I) and their salts can be administered alone, but will generally be administered in admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
• a pharmaceutical carrier selected with regard to the intended route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
• they can be administered orally in the form of tablets containing such excipients as starch or lactose, or in capsules or ovules either alone or in admixture with excipients, or in the form of elixirs or suspensions containing flavoring or coloring agents.
• an orally disintegrating tablet may be used. They can be injected parenterally, for example, intravenously, intramuscularly, intravesicularly, or subcutaneously.
• a sterile aqueous solution which may contain other substances, for example, enough salts or glucose to make the solution isotonic with blood.
• compounds according to formula I are utilized according to the invention.
• Ri may be -CO-aryl, or C1-C6 branched or unbranched alkyl, e.g., CH 3 , COH, COCH 3 , COCH 2 CH 3 , COCH 2 CH 2 CH 3 .
• R 2 may be H.
• Ri is not H.
• R 1 is not benzyl.
• R 1 is not aryl.
• R 2 is not alkyl
• new compound 2289 is utilized according to the invention.
• Compound 2289 has the following structure:
• Compound 2289 may be used in treating and inhibiting tumors and cancer stem cells, viral, bacteria, and/or fungal infections.
• new compound 2293 is utilized according to the invention.
• Compound 2293 has the following structure:
• Compound 2293 may be used in treating and inhibiting tumors and cancer stem cells, viral, bacteria, and/or fungal infections.
• new compound 2296 is utilized according to the invention.
• Compound 2296 has the following structure:
• Compound 2296 may be used in treating and inhibiting tumors and cancer stem cells, viral, bacteria, and/or fungal infections.
• the amount of the compounds needed depends on tumor size.
• the invention includes surgically reducing tumor size and treating with one or more of the compounds.
• the compound may be administered before, during or after surgery to reduce tumors.
• Compounds according to the invention can be administered by any suitable method, including without limitation, by capsules, tablets, intravenously (IV), intraperitoneally (IP), intravesicularly, and/or directly to the tumor.
• IV intravenously
• IP intraperitoneally
• the half-life of each of compounds 2289, 2293, and 2296 is about 5 to 6 hours in human blood.
• one or more compounds of the present disclosure e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g., one or more compounds of the present disclosure, e.g.,
• Formula I, 2289, 2293, and 2296 are administered in compositions at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 1000 ⁇ g/ml.
• the compounds are administered in compositions at a concentration of about 1 to about 100 ⁇ g/ml.
• the compounds are administered in compositions at a concentration of about 10 to about 50 ⁇ g/ml.
• the composition may also contain about 0.01 to about 1000 ⁇ g/ml, about 1 to about 100 ⁇ g/ml, or about 10 to about 50 ⁇ g/ml taurolidine and/or taurultam.
• one or more compounds of the present disclosure are administered in compositions at a concentration of about 0.001 to about 5 wt.
• the oxathiazin-like compound is provided in a composition at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 1.5%. In some aspects, the compound is provided in a composition at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 1%. In some aspects, the compound is provided in a composition at a concentration of about 100 to about 5000 ⁇ M, about 250 to about 2500 ⁇ M, about 500 to about 2000 ⁇ M, about 750 to about 1500 ⁇ M, about 1000 to about 1250 ⁇ M, or any other concentration within the recited ranges. The composition may additionally contain about 0.01 to about 3%, about 0.1 to about 2.5%, or about 1 to about 2% taurolidine and/or taurultam.
• one or more compounds of the present disclosure are provided in a composition in a unit dosage form.
• a “unit dosage form” is a composition containing an amount of compound that is suitable for administration to an animal, such as a mammal, e.g., a human subject, in a single dose, according to a good medical practice.
• These compositions may contain from about 0.1 mg (milligrams) to about 500 mg, for example from about 5 mg to about 350 mg of compound.
• the frequency of treatment with the composition of the invention may be changed to achieve and maintain the desired target plasma level.
• treatment schedules include daily, twice daily, three times daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, and combinations thereof.
• the composition of the invention may also be administered as a continuous infusion or a bolus following by one, two, three or more different continuous infusions, e.g., at different rates and dosages of administered drug, such regimens optionally interrupted by one or more additional bolus injections.
• the one or more compounds of the present disclosure are provided in a composition that is administered to a subject in need thereof at a total daily dosage may be about 0.001 g to about 1000 g, e.g., about 0.01 g to about 500 g, 0.1 to 300 g, 0.5 to 200 g, 1 g to 100 g, or any amount within the recited range.
• the daily dosage may be administered in the form of an orally administrable composition.
• the daily dosage may be administered in the form of a capsule, a tablet, or a pharmaceutically acceptable solution.
• the daily dosage may be administered in a form that contains one or more compounds of the present disclosure at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 5% w/v, about 0.1 to about 3% w/v, about 0.5 to about 2.5% w/v, or about 1 to about 2% w/v.
• the daily dosage may be administered in a form that contains one or more compounds of the present disclosure at a concentration of about 0.001 ⁇ g/ml to about 1000 ⁇ g/ml, about 0.01 ⁇ g/ml to about 750 ⁇ g/ml, about 0.05 ⁇ g/ml to about 500 ⁇ g/ml, about 0.1 ⁇ g/ml to about 300 ⁇ g/ml, about 0.5 ⁇ g/ml to about 200 ⁇ g/ml, about 1 ⁇ g/ml to about 100 ⁇ g/ml, about 5 ⁇ g/ml to about 50 ⁇ g/ml, about 10 ⁇ g/ml to about 25 ⁇ g/ml, or about 15 ⁇ g/ml to about 20 ⁇ g/ml.
• the daily dosage may be administered in a form that contains one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., polyols.
• Effective dosage amounts provided in a composition may include dosage units containing about 0.01-500 mg/kg, about 1-100 mg/kg per day, or about 5-50 mg/kg per day of the e or more compounds of the present disclosure. In some aspects, dosage units are administered every other day, biweekly, or weekly.
• the compounds of Formula I may be administered as a co therapy with taurolidine and/or taurultam to kill tumor stem cells.
• the co-therapy has been unexpectedly found to require a lower dosage of drug to kill tumor stem cells than necessary to kill normal tumor cells.
• the compound of Formula I is administered to the subject at a total daily dose of from about 0.1 g to about 100 g, about 1 g to about 80 g, about 2 g to about 50 g, or about 5 g to about 30 g.
• Effective dosage amounts of the compounds are dosage units within the range of about 0.1-1,000 mg/kg, preferably 150-450 mg/kg per day, and most preferably 300-450 mg/kg per day.
• Suitable formulations for injection or infusion may comprise an isotonic solution containing one or more solubilizing agents, e.g., sugars, polyols, surfactants, osmoticants, in order to provide solutions of increased compound concentration.
• solubilizing agents e.g., sugars, polyols, surfactants, osmoticants.
• the solution can be rendered isotonic with ringer solution or ringer lactate solution.
• the concentration of the compound in such solutions may be in the range 1-60 g/liter.
• polyol refers to sugars that contains many hydroxyl (-
• Polyols include alcohols and carbohydrates such as mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, isomalt, erythritol, lactitol, sucrose, glucose, galactose, fructose, fucose, ribose, lactose, maltose and cellubiose.
• the invention also relates to derivatives of the above compounds having, e.g., at least one activity as described herein of said compounds, for example, at least 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100%, or more, of said activity.
• the invention also relates to compositions containing the compounds described herein, including pharmaceutically acceptable solutions of said compounds, as well as orally administrable compositions such as capsules and tablets containing said compositions.
• the compounds of the present invention can be administered to a subject or patient by any suitable means, for example, in solution, e.g., locally, systemically such as by intravenous infusion, or the like.
• the present disclosure includes a method of making compound 2289 by the following reaction:
• X is a leaving group.
• X may be an acyl halide wherein the halogen is, e.g., Cl, Br, I.
• X may be a thioester SR or an ester OR.
• X may be mesylate or tosylate.
• X may be a halogen.
• the present disclosure includes a method of making compound 2293 by the following reaction:
• X is a leaving group.
• X may be an acyl halide wherein the halogen is, e.g., Cl, Br, I.
• X may be a thioester SR or an ester OR.
• X may be mesylate or tosylate.
• X may be a halogen.
• Compound 2296 was prepared according the following non-limiting synthesis protocol: l-hydroxypropane-2-sulfonamide was dissolved in water and reacted with methylene glycol to form compound 2296.
• the present disclosure includes a method of making compound 2296 by the following reaction:
• reactants depicted above are alternatives and non-limiting. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other alternative reactants may be used in the reaction.
• solvents may be used including but not limited to alcohols, e.g., ethanol or methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), ethyl acetate, and the like.
• a sublimation apparatus comprised of laboratory glassware known in the art, may be used in a technique of sublimation to purify compounds according to the invention.
• a sublimation vessel is heated under vacuum and under reduced pressure. The compound volatizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface, leaving non-volatile residue impurities behind. This cooled surface often takes the form of a cold finger. After heating ceases and the vacuum is released, the sublimed compound can be collected from the cooled surface.
• this disclosure includes a method of killing tumor stem cells by administering to a subject in need thereof a tumor stem cell killing effective amount of taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof in combination with one or more compounds of Formula I.
• the tumor stem cell killing effective amount of taurolidine and/or taurultam is less than an amount of taurolidine and/or taurultam required for killing tumor cells.
• the compounds of Formula I are co-administered with carmustine, cytarabine, gemcitabine, nabPaclitaxel, asparaginase, procarbazine, mitomycin, 5-FU, methotrexate, vinblastine, dacarbazine, cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, bevacizumab, one or more checkpoint inhibitors, one or more PARP inhibitors, one or more anti -PD-1 drugs, docetaxel, irinotecan (including Onivyde®), doxorubicin, erlotinib, olaparib, lapatinib, topotecan, capecitabine, oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, or a combination thereof.
• carmustine cytarabine
• gemcitabine gemcitabine
• nabPaclitaxel asparaginase
• procarbazine
• the treatment is for ovarian cancer and the compound of Formula I is co-administered with Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, Topotecan, Bevacizumab, one or more PARP inhibitors, one or more anti-PD-1 drugs, or a combination thereof.
• the one or more PARP inhibitors may include Olaparib (Lynparza®), Niraparib (Zejula®), Rucaparib (Rubraca®), and Talazoparib (Talzenna®), Veliparib, Pamiparib, CEP9722, E7016, Iniparib, 3-Aminobenzamide, or a combination thereof.
• the one or more anti -PD 1 drugs may include Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), Nivolumab (Opdivo®), Cemiplimab (Libtayo®), Atezolizumab (Tecentriq®) Avelumab (Bavencio®), and Durvalumab (Imfinzi®).
• Pembrolizumab Keytruda®
• Nivolumab Opdivo®
• Cemiplimab Libtayo®
• Atezolizumab Tecentriq®
• Avelumab Avelumab
• Durvalumab Imfinzi®
• the co-administered drug may include Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), Nivolumab (Opdivo®), Cemiplimab (Libtayo®), Spartalizumab, Camrelizumab, Sintilimab, Tislelizumab, Toripalimab, Dostarlimab, Ratifanlimab, Sasanlimab, Budigalimab, Zimberelimab, BI754091, JTX-4014, AMP-224, AMP-514, Atezolizumab (Tecentriq®), Avelumab (Bavencio®), Durvalumab (Imfinzi®), Cosibelimab, KN035, CK-301, AUNP12, CA-170, BMS-986189, or a combination thereof.
• the treatment is for pancreatic cancer and the compound of Formula I is co-administered with one or more of the for
• co-administering or “administering in combination” as used herein mean that two (or more) agents are administered in temporal juxtaposition.
• the co administration or combination may be effected by the two agents being mixed into a single formulation, or by the two agents being administered separately but simultaneously, or separately and within a short time of each other.
• the two agents are co-administered within the time range of 6-168 hours.
• the agents may be administered in either order, i.e. the chemotherapeutic drug may be administered first, or the one or more compound of the present disclosure may be administered first.
• the two agents are co-administered in a single formulation, or are co-administered sequentially and separately.
• the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered in a tumor stem cell killing composition at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 500 ⁇ g/ml. In some embodiments, the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered in a tumor stem cell killing composition at a concentration of about 0.1 to about 100 mg/ml. In some embodiments, the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered in a tumor stem cell killing effective composition at a concentration of about 10 to about 50 ⁇ g/ml. Taurolidine is effective at killing tumor stem cells in tissue culture in vitro at 0.01 ⁇ g/ml.
• the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered in a tumor stem cell killing composition at a concentration of about 0.001 to about 2%. In some embodiments, the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered in a tumor stem cell killing composition at a concentration of about 0.01 to about 1.5%. In some embodiments, the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered in a tumor stem cell killing composition at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 1%.
• the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof is administered for tumor stem cell killing to a subject in need thereof at a total daily dose of from about 0.01 g to about 50 g, about 0.1 g to about 30 g, about 0.5 g to about 10 g, or about 1 g to about 5 g.
• Tumor stem cell killing effective dosage amounts of the taurolidine, taurultam, or a mixture thereof are dosage units within the range of about 0.01-500 mg/kg, preferably 1-100 mg/kg per day, and most preferably 5-50 mg/kg per day.
• this disclosure includes a method of killing tumor stem cells by administering to a subject in need thereof one or more compounds of the present disclosure alone or in combination with taurolidine and/or taurultam. Such a technique provides a method for killing tumor stem cells using at least two compounds having different half-lives, and thereby broadening the pharmacokinetic effects obtained thereby.
• the present disclosure includes broadening the therapeutic window of a taurolidine and/or taurultam therapy by co-administering taurolidine and/or taurultam with or more compounds of the present disclosure.
• pancreatic cancer cells Pane Tul CCS Cell Lines Service, Eppenheim, Germany
• Colon cancer cells HCT116 ATCC -LGC Standards GmbH, Wesel, Germany
• merkel cell carcinoma cells MCC 14.2
• Mammary Gland/Breast cancer cells MDA MB 468 (ATCC - LGC Standards GmbH, Wesel, Germany).
• HCT 116, MDA MB 468 and Pane Tul cells are cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), MCC 14.2 is maintained in RPMI 1640.
• DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
• MCC 14.2 cells are further complemented with 25 nM HEPES. Cells are grown as monolayer at 37°C and 5% CO 2 in a humidified atmosphere.
• Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are used for testing the compounds of the present disclosure: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (ATCC - LGC Standards GmbH, Wesel, Germany); Enterococcus faecilis, Enterococcus faecilum, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium difficile, Acineobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneomoniae, Morganelle morganii, Bactroides fragilis, Helicobacter pylori (fresh clinical isolates).
• Bacteroides fragilis is cultured with Miiller-Hinton-Agar containing 5% Horseblood and 20mg/l B-NAD.
• Helicobacter pylori is cultured with Chocolat PolyViteX- Agar.
• Cell migration assay [125] Cells are plated into the 60-mm dishes to create a confluent monolayer and are incubated for 24 hours allowing cells to adhere and spread. The required number of cells for a confluent monolayer depends on the particular cell type. After creating a scratch of the cell monolayer, the gaparea is examined by phase-contrast-microscopy. Images are captured at the beginning and at regular intervals during cell migration (48, 72, and 120 hours (5d)) closing the scratch, to semi-quantify the migration rate of the cells.
• MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazoliumbromid) reagent
• IOOmI DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide
• UVM340 Anthos Mikrosystheme GmbH, Germany.
• the assay is performed using 8 replicates in three independent experiments with consecutive passages.
• ROS reactive oxygen species
• BrdU proliferation assay [131] Cells are seeded individually to obtain a sub confluent monolayer in a 96 well plate format and are incubated for 24 hours prior to treatment. To examine the dose response regarding their anti-proliferative activity, cells are incubated with increasing concentrations (100, 200, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 ⁇ mol/l) of all different Oxathiazinane derivates and ddH 2 O as control for 6h prior BrdU proliferation assay (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine)-ELISA (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The incubation time of 6 hours has been shown to be appropriate for the BrdU proliferation assay in previous experiments.
• the amount of synthesized DNA is detected using a microplate absorbance reader measuring at 370 nm with a reference wavelength of 492 nm (ASYS, UVM340, Anthos Mikrosysteme GmbH, Krefeld, Germany). BrdU assays are performed with 8 replicates of three independent experiments with consecutive passages.
• Results of MTT and BrdU assay are expressed as means ⁇ SEM.
• One-way ANOVA is used, followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test comparing experimental groups with normal distribution and Fisher's exact test for categorical data, if appropriate.
• P-values ⁇ 0.05 are considered as statistically significant.
• Comparative compounds 2244, 2287, 2255, 2256 have the following structures:
• Figure 1 displays the results after 2 to 5 days illustrated exemplarily using a confluent monolayer of MDA MB 468.
• Anti-neoplastic activity of compounds 2289, 2293, and 2296 was determined according to the MTT assay and BrdU assay described above.
• Substances 2289 and 2296 showed a significant impact on the cell viability of the analyzed cell line AsPcl from a concentration of 100 ⁇ M compared to the untreated control (NC) after 24 h.
• the substance 2293 shows a significant impact on the cell viability from a concentration of 500 ⁇ M compared to the untreated control (NC) after 24 h.
• NC untreated control
• the pool remained at 37 °C for 20-25 min and then an aliquot was centrifuged (2500 g for at least 5 minutes at 4°C). After centrifugation the human plasma was collected and immediately frozen at -80 °C. This aliquot corresponded to the TO.
• Stability was determined by measuring the 2289 and 2293 peak area at each time point compared to TO.
• Stability was determined by measuring 2296 peak area at each time point compared to TO.

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