WO2022229345A1

WO2022229345A1 - Wind turbine

Info

Publication number: WO2022229345A1
Application number: PCT/EP2022/061396
Authority: WO
Inventors: Konstantin Dr.-Ing. Kelaiditis
Original assignee: Anpe A.E. Renewable-Power-Systems New Technologies
Priority date: 2021-04-28
Filing date: 2022-04-28
Publication date: 2022-11-03

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine having a generator (1; 1a; 1b) and a rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) driving the generator (1; 1a; 1b), which rotor comprises elongate rotor blades (4; 4b; 4c) which, driven by wind, are rotatable about an axis (2). According to the invention, the rotor blades (4; 4b; 4c) extend in the longitudinal direction thereof in a parallel or inclined manner relative to the axis of rotation (2) and are arranged in a distributed manner according to a ring at a distance to the axis of rotation (2) about the axis of rotation (2).

Description

Description: wind turbine

The invention relates to a wind power plant with a generator and a rotor which drives the generator and comprises elongated rotor blades which can be rotated about an axis by the wind.

As is known, the length of the blades of the rotor of wind turbines extends perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the rotor.

According to the present invention, the rotor blades run in their longitudinal direction parallel or inclined to the axis of rotation and are arranged at a distance from it around the axis of rotation.

The rotor blades preferably form a ring surrounding the axis of rotation and are distributed uniformly around the axis of rotation, in particular in an even number.

In one embodiment, in addition to the rotor blades, the rotor has a converter ring, which is coaxial with the axis of rotation, for driving the generator.

The converter ring is particularly preferably arranged at a lower end of the rotor. Suitably, the converter ring spans the rotor, i. H. protrudes radially from the rotor. The arrangement of the converter ring on the lower

End of the rotor greatly facilitates the erection of the wind turbine, allowing the heavier components to be installed close to the ground. In addition to the rotor blades and the converter ring, the rotor expediently also has a connection structure which connects the rotor blades and the converter ring to an element for the rotary mounting of the rotor on a supporting structure connect†. The element for the pivot bearing can be, for example, an axle part that is designed in particular as a tubular bushing.

Optionally, the element for the rotary bearing forms part of a ring bearing for the rotor which peripherally surrounds the rotor and is coaxial to the axis of rotation, or around a central axis file which forms the axis of rotation of the rotor.

The supporting structure is z. B. a complete housing of the rotor, which preferably comprises an air duct device for forming an air flow that drives the rotor efficiently. Alternatively, the support structure can be limited to an axle part anchored in the ground in the form of an axle bolt or a tubular bush.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the converter ring drives multiple generators. In this way, the power to be generated can advantageously be distributed over several small generators, which can be easily transported and installed. Advantageously, if one of the generators fails, the entire wind turbine does not fail.

The converter ring can be drive-connected to the generator by frictional and/or positive locking, with a positive locking preferably being produced by mutual engagement of teeth. In the simplest case, the converter ring has a peripheral toothing that meshes with the toothing of a drive wheel of the generator, possibly indirectly with the interposition of an endless drive belt.

In the latter embodiment, the drive connection comprises a closed drive belt which is arranged between the converter ring and the generator and which is pressed against a peripheral section of the converter ring by pressure rollers. Advantageously, there is no linear loading of the drive-connected parts, but the loading is distributed over several lines of action in a circumferential section of the converter ring. The driving force is thus transmitted over a larger area of the circumference of the converter ring with little wear. The maintenance effort is correspondingly reduced. If necessary, the drive connection does not need to be lubricated.

The drive belt can be so flexible that it can be driven more perpendicularly to the axis of rotation of the rotor by means of deflecting guide rollers to drive a generator Axis of rotation can serve. In this way, the converter ring can be brought into drive connection with a generator whose axis of rotation runs horizontally. Advantageously, such a generator can be installed more easily.

The Roforbläffer expediently have a constant cross-section over their entire length. Advantageously, such a Roforbla†† can be manufactured easily, e.g. by extrusion. This results in an even force effect from the wind over the length of the rotor blades.

The rotor blades are expediently attached to the connecting structure such that they can pivot about a pivot axis. In particular, pivoting can take place between two stops. This makes it possible to set the pitch of the rotor blades against the wind direction. In one embodiment, the rotor blades can be pivoted against the respective wind force by a motor-driven traction cable.

The rotor blades can preferably be pivoted simultaneously by a single drive motor actuating a revolving cable train. The drive motor for adjusting the rotor blades can be supplied with operating current via a transformer, the primary winding of which is attached to the support structure and the secondary winding of which is attached to the rotor.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the rotor blades are arranged in a stiffening frame mount comprised by the connecting structure and are pivotably connected to a leg of the frame mount on one of the two longitudinal sides.

The frame limb opposite this frame limb expediently has devices for guiding the cable pull, which can be connected to the rotor blade at several points of application distributed over the length of the rotor blade. The rotor blade†† is expediently reinforced in the vicinity of the connection, e.g. B. by a reinforcing insert.

The stiffening frame bracket creates the possibility of making the rotor blades themselves slim with low drag and low weight. In one embodiment, the rotor blades can therefore be formed by a flexible textile or foil layer, e.g. B. by canvas or metal foil. The wind turbine can be combined with solar panels, which are connected in particular to the supporting structure on the outside.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings relating to these exemplary embodiments. Show it:

1 shows a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant according to the invention, FIG. 2 shows a rotor blade that can be used in the wind power plant of FIG.

Fig. 3 is an illustration explaining the adjustment of the ro†orbla††s of Fig. 2,

4 shows a plan view of a wind turbine using the rotor blade of FIG. 2 and the adjustment devices of FIG.

FIG. 5 shows an illustration explaining the simultaneous adjustment of the rotor blades of the wind turbine from FIG. 4,

6 different exemplary embodiments for drive connections between a converter ring of a wind turbine according to the invention and a generator,

Fig. 7 shows another embodiment of an inventive

wind turbine,

8 and 9 exemplary embodiments of wind power plants according to the invention with a rotor arranged within a support system, FIG. 10 a wind power plant according to the invention, which is combined with solar panels, and

11 shows a transformer for the power supply of a drive motor mounted on the rotor of a wind turbine according to the invention. A wind power plant shown schematically in Fig. 1 comprises a generator 1 and a rotor 3 rotatable about a vertical axis of rotation 2.

In the example shown, the rotor 3 has four rotor blades 4 which are arranged at the same distance from the axis of rotation 2 radially around the axis of rotation 2 at a distance of 90° from one another, with the length of the rotor blades 4 extending parallel to the Axis of rotation 2 extend. Deviating from this, the rotor blades 4 could also be inclined and a larger or smaller number of rotor blades could be provided. In the schematic representation of Fig. 1, only two of the four rotor blades 4 are visible.

The rotor 3 also includes a connection structure 5, partially represented by thin dashed lines, via which the rotor blades 4 are connected to an axis file 6 which is coaxial with the axis of rotation 2 and is formed by an axis bolt.

In addition, the rotor 3 comprises a converter ring 7 which is coaxial to the axis of rotation 2 or to the axis part 6 and which is connected to the rotor blades 4 via the connecting structure 5 . There is a drive connection between the converter ring 7 and the generator 1 .

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the axle part 6 together with a tube bushing 9 firmly anchored in the base 8 form a pivot bearing for the rotor 3, in which the tube bushing 9 has the function of a supporting structure for the rotor 3.

The rotor blades 4 running parallel to the axis of rotation 2 are held on the connecting structure 5 such that they can pivot about a pivot axis 12 that runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rotor blade 4, with the angular position of the rotor blades 4 to the wind direction being adjustable in the example shown is, as shown in Fig. 3 geh†.

According to FIG. 3, the rotor blades 4 are each controlled via at least one traction cable 11, which engages on a longitudinal side of the rotor blade 4. The traction cable 1 1 guided through an eyelet 14 is moved by a drive motor 15 against the wind pressure according to arrow 13 and the desired angular position of the rotor blade 4 is set via the drive motor 15 .

Instead of the drive motor 15 adjusting the angle of attack of the roorbla††s 4, two fixed stops could also be provided. A combination of just one stop with an adjustment motor would also be possible.

The rotor blades 4 can expediently be arranged within a frame mount 10 that supplements the connecting structure 5 . The stiffening frame bracket 10 permits the use of slimmer and lighter rotor blades 4, which are e.g.

B. are formed by textile or film material, z. B. by canvas or metal foil. To one of the two longitudinal legs of the frame bracket 10 can the thin rotor blade†† 4 can then be pivoted†. On the opposite frame leg of this frame leg means for guiding several traction cables 1 1 can be provided through which a train force is transmitted evenly. The Rotorbla†† 4, e.g. B. by stiff inserts, reinforced.

It goes without saying that a largely rigid Roforbla 4 can also be held in the frame support 10 .

According to FIG. 2, several traction cables 11 acting in different positions on the Roforbla†† 4 are combined to form a common cable pull 16 that can be moved by the Anfriebsmofor 15. The Roforblaff 4 swivels evenly by feeding in the kaffe at several points.

According to FIGS. 4 and 5, each Roforblanket 4 can be assigned such a cable pull 16, so that all Roforblanket blades 4 can be moved at the same time by a single friction motor 15 by means of a revolving common cable pull.

As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the converter ring 7 is arranged below the rotor blades 4 at the lower end of the rotor 3 near the bottom 8, which has proven to be advantageous, particularly as the size and power of the wind turbine increases, in which the assembly of heavy parts with can be done near the ground with little effort.

Fig. 6 shows different possibilities for the drive connection of the converter ring 7 with the generator 1 . In addition to the known belt or chain drive with a belt or a chain 18, which wraps around both the converter ring 7 and a drive wheel 19 of the generator 1 according to Fig. 6a, there is also direct contact between the converter ring 7 and a drive wheel 19 according to FIG. 6b in loading, the friction connection being able to be based on frictional locking or positive locking. In the latter case, as shown in Fig. 6b, by toothing of both the converter ring 7 and the drive wheel 19.

The embodiment of Fig. 6a requires a long transmission belt † spanning both the converter ring 7 and the drive wheel 19. The embodiment of Fig. 6b relates approximately to a load concentrated on only one line of the mating parts, resulting in short service intervals and the need for lubrication†.

An embodiment for a drive connection that requires less maintenance than the embodiment of FIG. 6b is shown in FIG. 6c. A closed drive belt 20 rests against the converter ring 7 and wraps around the drive wheel 19 of a generator (not shown here) and an auxiliary wheel 21 . In that the drive belt 20 abuts over part of the circumference of the converter ring 7, a power transmission over only one line is avoided. The wear is correspondingly lower. Lubrication can be omitted. If the lubrication is done, the maintenance intervals are longer.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 6d, even greater drive forces can be transmitted without slipping if the converter ring 7, the drive belt 20, the drive wheel 19 and the auxiliary wheel 21 are provided with teeth, which preferably comprise teeth arranged at a fixed distance from one another.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6d, the drive band 20 has both inner and outer teeth. The inner teeth z. B. then omitted if the drive wheel 19 of the generator is designed as an auxiliary wheel 21 and the drive wheel 19 of the generator is only on the outside with the drive belt 20 in drive connection steh†.

A drive connection shown in Fig. 6e in plan view between a toothed converter ring 7 and a generator having a drive wheel 19 comprises, in addition to a toothed drive belt 20 and the drive wheel 19, four auxiliary wheels 21 which press the drive belt 20 against the converter ring 7 and the drive wheel 19 . The drive connection also includes a counter wheel 35 which rests against the converter ring 7 on the side of the converter ring 7 facing away from the auxiliary wheels 21 . The drive connection shown in FIG. 6e can be arranged in the plane of the converter ring 7 to drive a generator arranged below the converter ring 7 .

Another exemplary embodiment of a drive connection is shown in FIGS. 6f-6h, which, in addition to a top view, show two mutually perpendicular side views of the drive device.

A toothed drive belt 20 is pressed by two auxiliary wheels 21 against a toothed converter ring 7, on the side facing away from the auxiliary wheels 21 a mating wheel 35 lying against the converter ring 7†. That through one of the Auxiliary wheels 21 deflected Anfriebsband 20 runs after rotation by 90 ° over a deflection roller 36 and then drives a drive wheel 19 of the generator 1 after another rotation by 90 °. After another 90° rotation, the drive belt 20 is then returned via a further deflection roller 36. Finally, after a further 90° rotation, one of the auxiliary wheels 21 deflects it by 90°, which presses the drive belt 20 against the converter ring 7.

The drive connection described above advantageously allows a generator to be driven with a horizontal axis of rotation. A deflection gear is not required.

The drive of the generator 1 via the converter ring 7, the circumference of which is preferably larger than the circumference of the rotor 3 without the converter ring 7, advantageously allows several generators 1 to be driven, the weight and individual output of which can be small, which reduces the costs for generators 1 and significantly reduces the effort involved in installing them. If one of several generators 1 fails, the entire wind turbine does not fail.

An exemplary embodiment of a wind power plant with a generator 1a and a rotor 3a shown in FIG. 7 differs from the exemplary embodiment from FIG. and the connecting structure 5a is rotatably mounted on the axle bolt 22 via a horizontal bearing 23 and on an annular projection 25 of the axle bolt 22 via a vertical bearing 24 . The rotor 3a extends outside of the supporting structure formed by the axle bolt 22. It will be appreciated that a central ring arrangement of vertical rod members could be used in place of the central axle 22, with the rod members being interconnected by at least one bearing ring. The diameter of the ring arrangement can be significantly larger than the diameter of the axle bolt 22 .

The wind turbine of FIG. 8 is based on the opposite construction principle.

A rotor 3b of the wind turbine of FIG. 8 with rotor blades 4b is rotatably mounted within a support structure 17 via a peripheral rotary bearing 26, which includes a horizontal bearing 23b and a vertical bearing 24b. A converter ring 7b can be arranged at the height of the rotary bearing 26 and/or on a connecting structure 5b below the rotary bearing 26. Consequently, generators 1b can each be driven by means of the drive connections shown in FIG. 6 via one of the converter rings 7b and/or via a central axis, which is part of the connection structure 5b connecting and holding the rotor blades 4b.

A wind power plant shown in FIG. 9 includes, in addition to a rotor 3c, a support structure 17c surrounding the rotor, which forms a housing for the rotor, which includes a roof 27. Within the housing, the rotor 3c is rotatably held on the support structure 17c. Air guiding devices 28 are formed by the support structure 17c, which increase the flow speed and thus ensure efficient transmission of the kinetic energy of the wind to the rotor blades 4c.

It goes without saying that an enclosure by the support structure 17c would also be possible without the air guiding devices 28 shown. The housing forms a cylindrical space, which accommodates the rotor 3c, which is rotatably mounted on its periphery†.

Fig. 10 shows a wind power plant with a rotor 3d similar to the wind power plant of Fig. 7. The wind power plant of Fig. 10 is combined with solar panels 29,30,31, 32, in particular the roof surface of a housing 33 serving as a support for a solar panel 29, 30,31,32 is used.

11 shows a transformer 34 for supplying energy to the rotor of a wind power plant, the rotor having electrically operated components, in particular a drive motor for adjusting the angular position of the rotor blades†.

The transformer 34 is able to supply the rotating rotor with electrical energy without sliding contacts. Reference list:

1; la; 1b; 1 c generator 2 axis of rotation

3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d rotor 4; 4b; 4c rotor blades†† 5; 5a;5b connection structure 6 axis part

7; 7b converter ring 8 ground

9 pipe socket

10 Frame bracket 1 1 Pull cable 12 Pivot axis

13 arrow (wind pressure)

14 eyelet

15 start-up mofor

16 cable

17; 17c Tragkonsfrukfion 18 belt or chain

19 drive wheel

20 Drive belt 21 Auxiliary wheel 22 Axle bolt

23; 23b Horizontally he lay 24; 24b Verfical camp

25 ring protrusion

26 pivot bearing

27 roof

28 luffing device

29, 30, 31, 32 solar panel

33 enclosure

34 transformer

35 counter wheel

36 pulley

Claims

Patent Claims:

1. Wind turbine with a generator (1; 1 a; 1 b) and a generator

( 1 ; 1 a; 1 b) driving rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) comprising elongate rofor blades (4; 4b; 4c) which can be rotated about an axis (2) by the wind, characterized in that the rotor blades (4;4b;4c) run parallel or inclined to the axis of rotation (2) in their longitudinal direction and are arranged around the axis of rotation (2) at a distance from the axis of rotation (2).

2. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) next to the rotor blades (4; 4b; 4c) to the axis of rotation (2) coaxial converter ring (7; 7b) for driving of the generator (1 ;1 a;l b) has†.

3. Wind power plant according to claim 2, characterized in that the converter ring (7; 7b) is arranged at a lower axial end of the rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d).

4. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) has a connecting structure (5; 5a; 5b) which connects the rotor blades (4; 4b; 4c) , in particular the converter ring (7;7b), with an element (6:26) for the rotary bearing of the rotor (3;3a;3b;3c;3d) on a support structure (9:17; 17c), the support structure (9; 17; 17c) is formed in particular by a tubular bushing (9) anchored in the floor (8).

5. Wind power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the element (6: 26) for the rotary bearing a rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) peripherally surrounding, to the axis of rotation (2) coaxial annular bearing (26) or central, to the axis of rotation (2) of the rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) coaxial

Axle part (6) is.

6. Wind power plant according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the support structure (9; 17; 17c) surrounds the rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d) in the manner of a housing, preferably a housing having air guiding devices (28). .

7. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotor blades are distributed around the axis of rotation according to a crane pliers arrangement surrounding the axis of rotation and in particular uniformly around the axis of rotation.

8. Wind power plant according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the converter ring (7; 7b) drives a plurality of generators (1; 1a; 1b).

9. Wind power plant according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that the converter ring (7; 7b) is drive-connected to the generator (1; 1a; 1b) by friction and/or positive locking, the positive locking preferably being achieved by meshing made of serrations†.

10. Wind power plant according to claim 9, characterized in that the drive connection between the converter ring (7; 7b) and the generator (1; 1a; 1b) comprises a closed drive belt (20) that is pressed by pressure rollers with its outside against a peripheral section of the converter ring (7; 7b) is pressed.

1 1. Wind power plant according to claim 10, characterized in that the drive belt (20) deflecting guide rollers for driving a generator (1; 1 a; 1 b) to the axis of rotation (2) of the rotor (3; 3a; 3b; 3c; 3d ) vertical axis of rotation of the generator (1; 1 a; 1 b) are provided.

12. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that that the rotor blades (4; 4b) have a constant cross-section over their entire length.

13. Wind power plant according to one of claims 4 to 12, characterized in that the Roforbläffer (4; 4b; 4c) are attached to the connecting structure (5; 5a; 5b) so that they can pivot about a pivot axis (12), in particular against the respective wind force. by a motor-driven traction cable (1 1).

14. Wind power plant according to claim 1 or 13, characterized in that the Roforbläffer (4; 4b; 4c) by a single, a rotating cable (16) actuating Anfriebsmofor (15) are simultaneously pivotable.

15. Wind power plant according to one of claims 4 to 14, characterized in that the Roforbläffer (4; 4b; 4c) arranged in a stiffening, by the Verbindungssfrukfur (5; 5a; 5b) comprised frame half (10) and on one longitudinal side with a the frame members are pivotally connected.

16. Wind power plant according to claim 15, characterized in that the frame piece opposite the frame piece has guide devices (14) for the cable pull (16).

17. Wind power plant according to Claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the rotor blade (4; 4b; 4c) reinforced by the frame mount (10) is formed by textile or foil material.