WO2022228540A1 - 电池系统和车辆 - Google Patents

电池系统和车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022228540A1
WO2022228540A1 PCT/CN2022/090117 CN2022090117W WO2022228540A1 WO 2022228540 A1 WO2022228540 A1 WO 2022228540A1 CN 2022090117 W CN2022090117 W CN 2022090117W WO 2022228540 A1 WO2022228540 A1 WO 2022228540A1
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Prior art keywords
cell
battery
thermal runaway
cells
time
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PCT/CN2022/090117
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢杰
周岿
周伟
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2022228540A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022228540A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66—Arrangements of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of power battery systems, and in particular, to a battery system capable of suppressing the spread of thermal runaway to a certain extent and a vehicle including the battery system.
  • Thermal runaway is caused by the accumulation of heat generated by the materials inside the battery as they rapidly convert chemical energy into thermal energy.
  • a battery system usually includes multiple single cells connected in series and parallel. After some single cells are thermally out of control, the violently released thermal energy will spread to the surrounding single cells, causing the surrounding cells to continue to be exposed to high temperatures. Thermal runaway occurs due to heating. The process in which the surrounding battery is affected by the existing thermal runaway and then thermal runaway occurs, is called the expansion of thermal runaway, that is, the thermal runaway spreading process.
  • thermal runaway is very dangerous, which means that after thermal runaway occurs locally in the power battery system, the entire system may suffer from thermal runaway due to the expansion of thermal runaway, which seriously threatens the safety of people's lives and properties. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a battery system that can effectively suppress the spread of thermal runaway in the battery system, limit the thermal runaway locally, and improve the safety performance of the battery system.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a battery system, which can effectively suppress the spread of thermal runaway when thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell, limit thermal runaway to a local range, and improve the safety performance of the battery system.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery system
  • the battery system includes: at least one battery module, a battery management device, and an energy transfer circuit, wherein each battery in the at least one battery module
  • the module includes at least two battery cells, and the energy transfer circuit is connected to the battery cells in the at least one battery module;
  • the battery management device is configured to control the energy transfer circuit when the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, so that the cells of the target battery cell group pass the energy transfer circuit to the battery cell.
  • the other cells in the battery system or the load circuit connected to the battery system are discharged to achieve power transfer, the cell A is any cell in the at least one battery module, and the target cell group is at least one cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, and the other cells are the cells in the battery module where the cell A is located except the cell A and the target cell group, And/or cells in other battery modules other than the battery module where the cell A is located.
  • the battery management device can control the energy transfer circuit to transfer the power of the target cell group to the load circuit or other devices in time through the energy transfer circuit.
  • the thermal runaway can be controlled to stop at the target cell group, effectively suppressing the spread of thermal runaway, so that the thermal runaway can be controlled in a small local area, avoiding the involvement of more cells, causing large-scale thermal runaway of cells, and improving the battery system. safety.
  • the battery management device is configured to determine that the thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell A according to the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A. Specifically, the battery management device determines that thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell A when the monitored value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A is greater than or equal to a preset threshold.
  • the thermal runaway index may include one or more of voltage change rate, temperature, temperature rise rate, flammable and explosive gas concentration, and smoke concentration.
  • the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the cell A includes one of the monitoring value of the voltage change rate, the monitoring value of the temperature, the monitoring value of the temperature rise rate, the monitoring value of the concentration of flammable and explosive gases, and the monitoring value of the smoke concentration. or more.
  • the preset threshold value includes one or more of a threshold value of voltage change rate, a threshold value of temperature, a threshold value of temperature rise rate, a threshold value of flammable and explosive gas concentration, and a threshold value of smoke concentration.
  • the judgment can be made based on any one or more of the above-mentioned thermal runaway indicators.
  • the comprehensive judgment based on multiple thermal runaway indicators can better ensure that the thermal runaway is detected. identified.
  • the thermal runaway state of the cell is comprehensively determined based on the monitoring value of the voltage change rate, the monitoring value of the temperature, the monitoring value of the temperature rise rate, and the monitoring value of the concentration of flammable and explosive gases. When the value exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the cell is thermally runaway.
  • the battery management device is further configured to judge the influence range of the thermal runaway of the cell A, and determine the target cell group that needs to perform energy transfer.
  • the target cell group includes cells capable of transferring power through the energy transfer circuit so that thermal runaway does not propagate. That is, thermal runaway only spreads from cell A to the target cell group, and no longer spreads to the next cell.
  • the target cell group includes a second cell group
  • the second cell group includes thermal runaway caused by the spread of thermal runaway of the cell A, and can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit Cells that prevent thermal runaway from spreading. That is to say, the second cell group includes cells that are thermally out of control due to the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, but can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that the thermal runaway does not continue to spread to the next cell.
  • the cells that cause thermal runaway due to the spread of thermal runaway of the cell A, and can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that the thermal runaway does not spread specifically include:
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A, and the power can be transferred through the energy transfer circuit to reduce the SOC of the cell to a target SOC or below before the thermal runaway spreads to the cell; the target The SOC is the SOC when the thermal runaway does not spread when the thermal runaway occurs in the cell.
  • the battery management device is further used for:
  • the transfer time is determined according to the current SOC of the cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, the target SOC, the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit, and the capacity of the cell , the transfer time is the time required to reduce the power in the cell from the current SOC to the target SOC;
  • the second cell group is determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to adjacent cells.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the nth cell
  • the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to adjacent cells includes a second time
  • the second time is the The time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent nth cell
  • the second cell group is determined according to the transfer time and the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent cell , including:
  • the second cell group is determined, and the second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the second time is greater than the transfer time of the nth cell, which means that the nth cell adjacent to cell A has enough time to transfer the cell through the energy transfer circuit when thermal runaway spreads from cell A to the cell.
  • the SOC drops to the target SOC, so the power can be transferred through the energy transfer circuit so that the thermal runaway does not continue to spread backward to the next cell.
  • n can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell, and the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to adjacent cells
  • the time includes a first time and a second time, the first time is the time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell, and the second time is the cell A
  • the time required for the thermal runaway to spread to the adjacent nth cell, the second cell group is determined according to the transfer time and the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent cell, specifically including:
  • the The second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the second cell group may also include the n+1th cell adjacent to the cell A, which may cause thermal runaway due to the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A,
  • the n+2th cell...the n+mth cell, m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the specific value can be determined by the influence of thermal runaway. Performing energy transfer on the nth cell while performing the energy transfer on the adjacent cells can better ensure the stop of thermal runaway propagation.
  • the second cell group may include at least one of the nth cell to the n+mth cell. That is, the second cell group may include one or more (two or more) cells.
  • the target cell group further includes a first cell group, and the first cell group includes thermal runaway caused by thermal runaway propagation of the cell A, and cannot pass the energy transfer Cells where electrical circuits divert power so that thermal runaway no longer spreads. That is, the first cell group includes cells that have thermal runaway due to the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, and cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that thermal runaway does not continue to spread to the next cell. While the power transfer is performed on the second cell group, the power transfer can also be performed on the first cell group to reduce the SOC of the cells in the first cell group, thereby reducing the thermal runaway of the cells in the first cell group. The severity and influence range are conducive to further reducing the harm of thermal runaway, and can also effectively utilize the power in the first cell group.
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of the thermal runaway of the battery cell A, and the battery cell that cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that the thermal runaway does not spread, specifically includes:
  • the battery management device is further used for:
  • the transfer time is determined according to the current SOC of the cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, the target SOC, the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit, and the capacity of the cell , the transfer time is the time required to reduce the power in the cell from the current SOC to the target SOC;
  • the first cell group and the second cell group are determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to adjacent cells.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell, and the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to adjacent cells Including a first time and a second time, the first time is the time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell, and the second time is the thermal runaway of the cell A
  • the time required to spread to the adjacent nth cell, the first cell group and the second cell group are determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to the adjacent cell.
  • Core set including:
  • the first time is less than the transfer time of the n-1th cell
  • the second time is greater than the transfer time of the nth cell
  • determine the first cell group and the second cell group A cell group wherein the first cell group includes at least one of the first to n-1th cells adjacent to the cell A
  • the second cell group includes a cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the nth cell adjacent to core A when the thermal runaway of the n-1th cell adjacent to cell A spreads from cell A to the cell, there is not enough time to reduce the SOC of the cell to the target SOC through the energy transfer circuit, so it cannot pass the energy transfer circuit.
  • the energy transfer circuit transfers the power so that thermal runaway does not continue to spread to the next cell.
  • n can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the target cell group may further include a third cell group, and the third cell group includes cells in the battery module where the cell A is located and will not cause thermal runaway due to the thermal runaway spread of the cell A. , that is, the cells connected in series to the side of the second cell group away from cell A.
  • the target cell group may include all cells except cell A in the battery module where cell A is located.
  • power transfer can also be performed on the battery cell A, and the battery management device is further configured to: control the energy transfer circuit so that the battery cell A can use the energy transfer circuit to transfer power to other power cells in the battery system.
  • the core or load circuit connected to the battery system is discharged to achieve power transfer.
  • energy transfer may be performed on all cells in the entire battery module where the cell A is located through an energy transfer circuit, and the power in the entire battery module where the thermally runaway cell A is located is transferred to other battery modules. group or load circuit.
  • the battery system further includes a battery monitoring device, and the battery monitoring device is connected to the battery management device and the battery cells in the at least one battery module;
  • the battery monitoring device is used to monitor the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of each battery cell; the battery management device is further configured to determine the occurrence of the battery cell A according to the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A Thermal runaway.
  • the specific structural form of the energy transfer circuit is not limited, as long as it can transfer the electric quantity of the cells that need to be energy transferred to the load circuit or other cells.
  • the energy transfer circuit includes a plurality of switch groups, the plurality of switch groups are in one-to-one correspondence with the cells in the at least one battery module, and each of the switch groups includes a first switch and a second switch, the energy transfer circuit is connected to the cells in the at least one battery module, including:
  • the first switch of each switch group in the plurality of switch groups is connected in series with the cell corresponding to the switch group, and the second switch in the switch group is connected in parallel with the cell corresponding to the switch group. Specifically, the second switch in the switch group is connected in parallel with the cell corresponding to the switch group and the first switch.
  • the energy transfer circuit has a simple structure, and can realize energy transfer by controlling the on-off of the first switch and the second switch, without greatly increasing the cost of the battery system, so that the thermal runaway spread control can be realized by a low-cost method, and the control method is also relatively simple .
  • the battery management device when the battery management device transfers the power in the target cell group to the load circuit connected to the battery system through the energy transfer circuit, the battery management device is specifically used for:
  • the other cells may only include cells other than cell A and the target cell group in the battery module where cell A is located, or may also include other battery modules other than the battery module where cell A is located cells in the .
  • the battery management device when the battery management device transfers the power in the target cell group to other battery modules in the battery system through the energy transfer circuit, the battery management device is specifically used for:
  • the battery management device is further used for:
  • the second switch of the switch group corresponding to the cell is controlled to be closed.
  • the energy transfer circuit includes a plurality of DCDC transformers, the plurality of DCDC transformers are bidirectional DCDC transformers, and the plurality of DCDC transformers are one-to-one with the cells in the at least one battery module Correspondingly, the energy transfer circuit is connected to the cells in the at least one battery module, including:
  • each DCDC transformer in the plurality of DCDC transformers are respectively connected to two ends of the cell corresponding to the DCDC transformer, and the two second ends of each DCDC transformer are connected in parallel to the load circuit.
  • the energy transfer can be realized by controlling the charge and discharge states of the DCDC transformer to the corresponding cells, and the energy transfer circuit is a kind of equalization circuit.
  • the energy transfer circuit may also be an equalization circuit including other structures, and the specific structure is not limited, for example, it may be in the form of an inductive equalization circuit, a capacitive equalization circuit, a transformer equalization circuit, and the like.
  • the battery management device when the battery management device transfers the power in the target cell group to the load circuit connected to the battery system through the energy transfer circuit, the battery management device is specifically used for:
  • the DCDC transformer corresponding to each cell in the target cell group is controlled to be in a first working state, so that the electricity in each cell in the target cell group is transferred to the load circuit.
  • the battery management device transfers the power in the target cell group to other cells in the battery system through the energy transfer circuit, it is specifically used for:
  • the specific number of other cells that accept power transfer can be determined according to actual needs.
  • embodiments of the present application provide a method for controlling the spread of thermal runaway in a battery system.
  • the method is applied to a battery system, and the battery system includes: at least one battery module, a battery management device, and an energy transfer circuit, wherein, Each battery module in the at least one battery module includes at least two battery cells, and the energy transfer circuit is connected to the battery cells in the at least one battery module; the method includes:
  • the battery management device is configured to control the energy transfer circuit when the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, so that the cells of the target battery cell group pass the energy transfer circuit to the battery cell.
  • the other cells in the battery system or the load circuit connected to the battery system are discharged to achieve power transfer, the cell A is any cell in the at least one battery module, and the target cell group is at least one cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, and the other cells are the cells in the battery module where the cell A is located except the cell A and the target cell group, And/or cells in other battery modules other than the battery module where the cell A is located.
  • the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the cell A includes the monitoring value of the voltage change rate, the monitoring value of the temperature, the monitoring value of the temperature rise rate, the monitoring value of the flammable and explosive gas concentration, the smoke concentration one or more of the monitored values.
  • the target cell group includes a second cell group
  • the second cell group includes thermal runaway caused by the spread of thermal runaway of the cell A, and can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit Cells that prevent thermal runaway from spreading.
  • the target cell group further includes a first cell group, and the first cell group includes the cell A and the thermal runaway caused by the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A, and cannot be A cell that transfers electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that thermal runaway does not spread.
  • the energy transfer circuit includes a plurality of switch groups, the plurality of switch groups are in one-to-one correspondence with the cells in the at least one battery module, and each of the switch groups includes a first switch and a second switch, the energy transfer circuit is connected to the cells in the at least one battery module, including:
  • the first switch of each switch group in the plurality of switch groups is connected in series with the cell corresponding to the switch group, and the second switch in the switch group is connected in parallel with the cell corresponding to the switch group.
  • the battery management device controls to transfer the power of the target cell group to the load circuit through the energy transfer circuit, and specifically includes:
  • the first switch in the switch group corresponding to each cell in the target cell group is controlled to be closed, the second switch is opened, and the first switch in the switch group corresponding to the other cells in the battery system is controlled to be turned off. open and the second switch is closed to transfer the power in the target cell group to the load circuit connected to the battery system.
  • the battery management device controls to transfer the power of the target cell group to other battery modules in the battery system through the energy transfer circuit, specifically including:
  • the method further includes:
  • the second switch of the switch group corresponding to the cell is controlled to be closed.
  • the energy transfer circuit includes a plurality of DCDC transformers, the plurality of DCDC transformers are bidirectional DCDC transformers, and the plurality of DCDC transformers are one-to-one with the cells in the at least one battery module Correspondingly, the energy transfer circuit is connected to the cells in the at least one battery module, including:
  • each DCDC transformer in the plurality of DCDC transformers are respectively connected to two ends of the cell corresponding to the DCDC transformer, and the two second ends of each DCDC transformer are connected in parallel to the load circuit.
  • the battery management device controls to transfer the power of the target cell group to the load circuit through the energy transfer circuit, and specifically includes:
  • the DCDC transformer corresponding to each cell in the target cell group is controlled to be in a first working state, so that the electricity in each cell in the target cell group is transferred to the load circuit.
  • the battery management device controls the power transfer of the target battery cell group through the energy transfer circuit, and specifically includes:
  • the cells that cause thermal runaway due to the spread of thermal runaway of the cell A, and can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that the thermal runaway does not spread specifically include:
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A, and the power can be transferred through the energy transfer circuit to reduce the SOC of the cell to a target SOC or below before the thermal runaway spreads to the cell; the target The SOC is the SOC when the thermal runaway does not spread when the thermal runaway occurs in the cell.
  • the battery management device is further used for:
  • the transfer time is determined according to the current SOC of the cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, the target SOC, the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit, and the capacity of the cell , the transfer time is the time required to reduce the power in the cell from the current SOC to the target SOC;
  • the second cell group is determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to adjacent cells.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the nth cell
  • the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to adjacent cells includes a second time
  • the second time is the the time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent nth cell
  • the second cell group is determined according to the transfer time and the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent cell, Specifically include:
  • the second cell group is determined, and the second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell, and the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to adjacent cells Including a first time and a second time, the first time is the time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell, and the second time is the thermal runaway of the cell A
  • the time required to spread to the adjacent nth cell, the second cell group is determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to the adjacent cell, specifically including:
  • the The second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of the thermal runaway of the battery cell A, and the battery cell that cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that the thermal runaway does not spread, specifically includes:
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A, and it is impossible to transfer the power through the energy transfer circuit before the thermal runaway spreads to the cell to reduce the SOC of the cell to the target SOC or below; the cell;
  • the target SOC is the SOC when the thermal runaway does not spread in the case of thermal runaway of the cell.
  • the battery management device is further used for:
  • the transfer time is determined according to the current SOC of the cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, the target SOC, the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit, and the capacity of the cell , the transfer time is the time required to reduce the power in the cell from the current SOC to the target SOC;
  • the first cell group and the second cell group are determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to adjacent cells.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell, and the time for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to adjacent cells Including a first time and a second time, the first time is the time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell, and the second time is the thermal runaway of the cell A
  • the time required to spread to the adjacent nth cell, the first cell group and the second cell group are determined according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of the cell A spreads to the adjacent cell.
  • Core set including:
  • the first time is less than the transfer time of the n-1th cell
  • the second time is greater than the transfer time of the nth cell
  • determine the first cell group and the second cell group A cell group wherein the first cell group includes at least one of the first to n-1th cells adjacent to the cell A, and the second cell group includes a cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the battery system further includes a battery monitoring device, and the battery monitoring device is connected to the battery management device and the battery cells in the at least one battery module; the battery monitoring device is used for monitoring and obtaining The monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of each of the cells.
  • the method for controlling the spread of thermal runaway in a battery system provided by the embodiments of the present application can effectively suppress the spread of thermal runaway when there are cells in the battery system.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage system
  • the energy storage system includes a power generation system and the battery system described in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application
  • the power generation system provides electrical energy for the battery system
  • the battery system is used to store the electrical energy provided by the power generation system.
  • the energy storage system may specifically be a power station energy storage system, a household energy storage system, an electric vehicle energy storage system, and the like.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a vehicle, which includes the battery system described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, and the battery system supplies power to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle is powered by the battery system provided in the embodiment of the present application, which can improve the safety performance, better protect the safety of life and property of the user, and enhance the market competitiveness of the product.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of thermal runaway spread in a battery system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a thermal runaway propagation process of a battery system in an embodiment of the present application under different SOCs;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery module in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery module in another embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is the construction flow chart of the thermal runaway propagation model of the battery in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for judging thermal runaway of a cell in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for suppressing the spread of thermal runaway in a battery system according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy transfer circuit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy transfer circuit in another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system of a power station in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway propagation speed when the SOC of the battery in Example 1 of the application is 70%;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway propagation speed of the battery of Example 2 of the present application when the SOC is 90%.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery system 10 provided by an embodiment of the present application, in which the solid line connecting line represents the energy flow (power line), and the dashed connecting line represents the signal flow.
  • the battery system 10 includes: at least one battery module 110 , a battery monitoring device 120 , a battery management device 130 and an energy transfer circuit 140 , wherein the at least one battery module 110 includes at least two cells connected in series connection, the battery monitoring device 120 and the energy transfer circuit 140 are connected to the cells in each battery module 110, and the battery monitoring device 120 is connected to the battery management device 130;
  • the battery management device 130 is used to transfer the power in the target cell group to the load circuit 20 connected to the battery system 10 or other cells in the battery system 10 through the energy transfer circuit 140 when the thermal runaway occurs in the cell A Specifically, the battery management device 130 is used to determine the thermal runaway of the battery cell A when the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and control the energy transfer circuit 140 to make the power of the target battery cell group
  • the cell discharges other cells in the battery system 10 or the load circuit 20 connected to the battery system 10 through the energy transfer circuit 140 to realize power transfer; wherein, the cell A is any cell in the at least one battery module 110 , the target cell group is at least one cell in the battery module where the cell A is located, and the other cells are the cells in the battery module where the cell A is located except the cell A and the target cell group, and / or cells in other battery modules other than the battery module where cell A is located.
  • the cell is a single battery.
  • the target cell group includes a second cell group, and the second cell group includes a thermal runaway caused by the spread of thermal runaway of the cell A, and can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit 140 so that the thermal runaway will no longer spread. Batteries. That is to say, the second cell group includes the cells that will cause thermal runaway due to the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, but can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit 140 so that the thermal runaway does not continue to spread backward to the next cell.
  • the target cell group further includes a first cell group, and the first cell group includes thermal runaway caused by the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, and cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit 140 to prevent thermal runaway Re-spread cells.
  • the first cell group includes cells that have thermal runaway due to the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, and cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit 140 so that thermal runaway does not continue to spread backward to the next cell.
  • the other cells that receive the power transfer may include cells in the battery module where cell A is located, or may include cells in other battery modules other than the battery module where cell A is located.
  • the cells of the first cell group and the cells of the second cell group are located in the same battery module as cell A.
  • the battery system 10 may have multiple (two or more) battery modules.
  • the power of the second cell group is transferred to the load circuit 20 or other cells in time through the energy transfer circuit, so that the spread of thermal runaway can be controlled. Stop at the second cell group, thereby effectively suppressing the spread of thermal runaway, reducing the scope of thermal runaway, so that thermal runaway can be controlled in a small local area, avoiding involving more cells, causing large-scale thermal runaway failure of cells, and improving the battery system. safety.
  • the thermal runaway affects the first to eighth cells adjacent to the cell A. If the battery system 10 does not use the energy transfer circuit 140 for energy transfer, the thermal runaway will The loss of control will spread to the eighth cell adjacent to cell A.
  • the energy transfer circuit 140 is used to pair and If the fourth cell adjacent to cell A performs energy transfer, the thermal runaway can be reduced to the range of the fourth cell adjacent to cell A, and the fifth to eighth cells adjacent to cell A Thermal runaway will not occur, thereby reducing the number of cells that eventually suffer from thermal runaway due to thermal runaway of cell A.
  • the heat of the battery mainly comes from various chemical reaction heats and electrochemical heat caused by internal short circuits.
  • the electrochemical heat is directly related to the state of charge (SOC) of the battery.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the above-mentioned cells that cause thermal runaway due to the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, and can transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit 140 so that the thermal runaway does not spread specifically include:
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, and the power can be transferred through the energy transfer circuit 140 before the thermal runaway spreads to the cell to reduce the SOC of the cell to the target SOC or below; the target SOC is the cell The SOC at which thermal runaway no longer propagates in the event of thermal runaway.
  • the above-mentioned cells that cause thermal runaway due to the spread of the thermal runaway of the battery cell A, and cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit 140 so that the thermal runaway does not spread specifically include:
  • the thermal runaway is caused by the spread of thermal runaway of cell A, and the energy transfer circuit 140 cannot transfer the power to reduce the SOC of the cell to the target SOC before the thermal runaway spreads to the cell; Thermal Runaway Case The SOC at which thermal runaway is no longer spreading.
  • the battery management device 130 is further configured to reduce the cell SOC of the second cell group to the target SOC or below the target SOC through the energy transfer circuit 140 when the thermal runaway occurs in the cell A.
  • the battery management device 130 transfers the power in the second cell group to the load circuit connected to the battery system or other cells in the battery system through the energy transfer circuit 140, so that the SOC of the cells in the second cell group is reduced to Target SOC or below.
  • SOC State of Charge
  • SOC State of Charge
  • the target SOC is determined according to a specific battery system, and may be obtained by a battery thermal runaway propagation model constructed for the battery system.
  • the target SOC may be anywhere between 10%-80%.
  • the target SOC may be, but not limited to, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 80%.
  • the thermal runaway propagation process of the battery module under different SOCs shown in Figure 3 can be obtained through the battery thermal runaway propagation model.
  • the battery management device 130 is further configured to: when the thermal runaway occurs in the cell A, the energy in the first cell group is transferred to the load circuit 20 or the load circuit 20 connected to the battery system 10 through the energy transfer circuit 140 . other cells in the battery system 10 .
  • the cells of the first cell group are cells whose SOC cannot be reduced to the target SOC or below through the energy transfer circuit when thermal runaway spreads to the cell.
  • the power transfer when the power transfer is performed on the second cell group, the power transfer is performed on the first cell group, which can reduce the SOC of the cells in the first cell group, thereby reducing the heat of the cells in the first cell group.
  • the severity of the runaway occurs, and it may further reduce the influence of thermal runaway, which is beneficial to control the adverse effects of thermal runaway, and can also effectively utilize the power in these cells.
  • the battery management device 130 is further configured to: when the thermal runaway occurs in the cell A, obtain the target SOC, and determine the transfer according to the current SOC of the cell, the target SOC, the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit, and the capacity of the cell time; determine the first cell group and the second cell group according to the transfer time, the first time and the second time;
  • the target SOC is the SOC when the thermal runaway does not spread in the case of thermal runaway of the cell;
  • the transfer time is the time required to reduce the power in the cell from the current SOC to the target SOC;
  • the first time is cell A The time required for the thermal runaway to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell, and the second time is the time required for the thermal runaway of the cell A to spread to the adjacent nth cell.
  • n can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the transfer time ttransfer [(current SOC-target SOC)*cell capacity]/transfer current.
  • the current SOC of the cell is 70%
  • the target SOC is 60%
  • the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit is 200A
  • the cell capacity is 100Ah
  • the current SOC of the cell and the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit can be obtained through the battery management device 130 , that is, the battery management device 130 is also used to obtain the current SOC of the cell and the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit 140 .
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell
  • the battery management device determines the first cell group according to the transfer time, the first time, and the second time and the second cell group, including:
  • the first cell group and the second cell group are determined, wherein the first cell group and the second cell group are determined.
  • the cell group includes at least one of the first to n-1th cells adjacent to the cell A, and the second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A. That is, when the thermal runaway of the n-1th cell adjacent to the cell A spreads from the cell A to the cell, there is not enough time to reduce the SOC of the cell to the target SOC through the energy transfer circuit.
  • the thermal runaway of the nth cell adjacent to the cell A spreads from the cell A to the cell, there is enough time to reduce the SOC of the cell to the target SOC through the energy transfer circuit.
  • the energy transfer circuit transfers power to the cells whose SOC drops to the target SOC or below, so that the thermal runaway spread can be controlled to the minimum extent possible by implementing power transfer.
  • the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell are generally the same.
  • the n-1th cell determined to be the first cell group adjacent to cell A, and the nth cell determined to be the second cell group adjacent to cell A, whose thermal runaway is determined by cell A The time of spreading to the two cells is closest to the transfer time.
  • the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell are both 180s, and the first time, that is, the time required for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell is 150s , the second time, that is, the time required for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent nth cell is 200s, which means that when the thermal runaway of cell A spreads to the adjacent n-1th cell, the n-1th cell The SOC of the cell does not have enough time to drop to the target SOC or below through the energy transfer circuit, and the thermal runaway will continue to spread to the nth cell, and when the thermal runaway of cell A spreads to the adjacent nth cell, the th The SOC of the n cells has dropped to the target SOC or below, and the thermal runaway does not continue to spread to the n+1th cell, that is, the thermal runaway spread can be stopped at the nth cell.
  • the No. 6 cell is thermally out of control
  • the adjacent second cell (including No. 4 and No. 8 cells) and the third cell (including No. 3 and No. 9 cells) ) transfer time is 540s
  • the first time for thermal runaway to spread to the second cell is 425s
  • the second time for the third cell to spread is 620s
  • the battery management device 130 can perform energy transfer on the No. 3 and No. 9 cells through the energy transfer circuit 140, and transfer the power of the No. 3 and No. 9 cells to the load circuit 20 or other cells in the battery system.
  • the battery management device 130 performs energy transfer on the No. 3 to No. 9 cells through the energy transfer circuit 140, and transfers the power of the seven cells from No. 3 to No. 9 to the load circuit 20 or other cells in the battery system.
  • the thermal runaway occurs in the No. 6 cell. If the transfer time of the adjacent first cell (including No. 5 and No. 7 cells) is 180s, and the thermal runaway spreads to the adjacent first cell If the second time is 320s, it can be determined that the second battery cell group includes No. 5 and No. 7 cells.
  • the battery management device 130 performs energy transfer on the No. 5 and No. 7 cells through the energy transfer circuit 140, and the 5 The power of the No. 1 and No. 7 cells is transferred to the load circuit 20 or other cells in the battery system.
  • the battery management device 130 performs energy transfer on the 5th, 6th and 7th cells through the energy transfer circuit 140, and transfers the power of the 5th, 6th and 7th cells to the load circuit 20 or other batteries in the battery system.
  • the core that is, the energy transfer circuit 140 performs energy transfer on the cell A at the same time.
  • the second cell group may also include the n+1th cell adjacent to the cell A, which may cause thermal runaway due to the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A
  • the n+2th cell...the n+mth cell, m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the specific value can be determined by the influence of thermal runaway. That is, if the thermal runaway affects the 1st to n+m cells adjacent to the cell A, that is, the 1st to n+m cells adjacent to the cell A will cause thermal runaway due to the spread of the thermal runaway of the cell A.
  • the second cell group may include the nth cell and at least one of the n+1th to n+mth cells. Performing energy transfer on the nth cell at the same time as performing the energy transfer on the adjacent cells can better ensure that the thermal runaway propagation stops.
  • the second cell group may include the nth cell to the n+mth cell at least one in between. In some embodiments, the second cell group may include at least one of the nth cell to the n+m ⁇ 1th cell. The second cell group may include one or more (two or more) cells.
  • the energy transfer to the cell closer to the cell A is more conducive to reducing the influence range of thermal runaway and reducing the thermal runaway.
  • the second cell group may be determined only according to the transfer time and the time when the thermal runaway of cell A spreads to adjacent cells.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the nth cell
  • the time for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent cell includes the second time
  • the second time is for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent nth cell
  • the time required for each cell is determined according to the transfer time and the time for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent cells, specifically including:
  • a second cell group is determined, and the second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the second time is greater than the transfer time of the nth cell, which means that the nth cell adjacent to the cell A has enough time to pass the energy transfer circuit 140 when the thermal runaway spreads from the cell A to the cell.
  • the cell SOC drops to the target SOC, so the power can be transferred through the energy transfer circuit 140 so that the thermal runaway does not continue to spread backward to the next cell.
  • n can be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the target cell group may further include a third cell group, and the third cell group includes cells in the battery module where the cell A is located and will not cause thermal runaway due to the thermal runaway spread of the cell A. , that is, the cells connected in series to the side of the second cell group away from cell A.
  • the target cell group may include all cells except cell A in the battery module where cell A is located.
  • power transfer can also be performed on the cell A, and the battery management device is further configured to: control the energy transfer circuit so that the cells of the target cell group can communicate with the battery system through the energy transfer circuit. The other cells in the battery or the load circuit connected with the battery system are discharged to realize the power transfer.
  • energy transfer may be performed on the entire battery module where the cell A is located through an energy transfer circuit, and the power in the entire battery module where the thermally runaway cell A is located may be transferred to other battery modules or load circuits.
  • the above-mentioned first time is the time required for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell
  • the second time is that the thermal runaway of cell A spreads to the adjacent nth cell
  • the required time can also be obtained based on the thermal runaway propagation model of the battery.
  • the influence range of thermal runaway and the speed of thermal runaway spread can be evaluated under different SOC, ambient temperature, and heat dissipation conditions.
  • the spread time of the runaway from cell A to each adjacent cell is obtained, so as to obtain the time when the thermal runaway occurs in the cells within the influence range of thermal runaway, and then obtain the above-mentioned first time and second time.
  • the specific construction method of the battery thermal runaway propagation model is not limited, and the above-mentioned target SOC and the occurrence time of thermal runaway of each cell (that is, the time when thermal runaway spreads from cell A to adjacent cells) can be obtained. That's it.
  • the construction of the thermal runaway propagation model of the battery may include:
  • Step (1) carry out adiabatic thermal runaway detection of the single battery, and record the temperature T'(t) of the battery at different times and the voltage V'(t) at different times;
  • step (2) according to the temperature T'(t) and the voltage V'(t), the adiabatic thermal runaway process of the battery is divided into stages, and the chemical reactions corresponding to the different stages are determined;
  • Step (3) according to the chemical reactions corresponding to different stages, establish a mathematical model of the battery in the process of the adiabatic thermal runaway experiment, that is, the thermal runaway model ⁇ T(t), V(t) ⁇ , and use T'(t) and V '(t) calibrate the mathematical model ⁇ T(t), V(t) ⁇ ;
  • Step (4) measuring and analyzing the heat transfer thermal resistance between the cells in the battery module and the external heat dissipation coefficient of the battery module;
  • Step (5) according to the mathematical model ⁇ T(t), V(t) ⁇ and the above-mentioned heat transfer thermal resistance and heat dissipation coefficient to establish a mathematical model of thermal runaway spread between cells inside the battery module ⁇ T i (t), V i (t) ⁇ , where T i (t) is the temperature-time relationship of the ith battery in the module;
  • Step (6) under a fixed external ambient temperature and heat dissipation conditions, trigger a thermal runaway of a certain cell in the battery module, and record the temperature T i '(t) and voltage V of all cells in the module at different times i '(t); validate and correct the thermal runaway propagation model ⁇ T i (t), V i (t) ⁇ with measured Ti '(t) and Vi '(t ) .
  • the parameter values related to the above-mentioned thermal runaway propagation model ⁇ T i (t), V i (t) ⁇ , the ⁇ T i (t), V i (t) ⁇ of each cell can be obtained, according to each cell
  • the ⁇ T i (t), V i (t) ⁇ can determine the moment of thermal runaway of each cell in the battery system.
  • the preset threshold may be, for example, 10° C./min.
  • the parameter value may include, for example, the current ambient temperature where the battery is located, the current SOC of the battery cell, and heat dissipation conditions (eg, air-cooled heat dissipation power, liquid-cooled heat dissipation power, etc.).
  • heat dissipation conditions eg, air-cooled heat dissipation power, liquid-cooled heat dissipation power, etc.
  • the battery management device 130 can determine the cells that need to perform energy transfer based on the battery thermal runaway spread model, obtain an energy transfer strategy, and implement energy transfer to the cells that need to perform energy transfer through the energy transfer circuit in time. , which not only minimizes the spread of thermal runaway, but also avoids the increase of system cost caused by over-engineering the energy transfer power.
  • the battery detection module 120 is connected with the electrical signal of each battery cell, and the battery monitoring device 120 is used to monitor the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of each battery cell in each battery module 110 .
  • the battery monitoring device 120 may include one or more of a gas sensor, a smoke sensor, a temperature sensor, a voltage measurement device, and a current measurement device.
  • the battery detection module 120 may include multiple battery detection sub-modules, and the multiple battery detection sub-modules are provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple battery modules.
  • identifying a thermally runaway cell is a prerequisite for initiating energy transfer, and the battery management device 130 is further configured to determine that thermal runaway occurs in cell A according to the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of cell A.
  • the thermal runaway index includes one or more of voltage change rate, smoke concentration, temperature, temperature rise rate, and flammable and explosive gas concentration.
  • the battery management device 130 when it is determined that the thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell A according to the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A, the battery management device 130 is specifically used for:
  • the battery management device 130 receives the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A collected by the battery monitoring device 120; when the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell A is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, it is determined that the thermal runaway of the battery cell A occurs; wherein , the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the cell A includes the monitoring value of the voltage change rate of the cell A, the monitoring value of the temperature, the monitoring value of the temperature rise rate, the monitoring value of the flammable and explosive gas concentration, and the monitoring value of the smoke concentration. one or more of.
  • the preset threshold includes one or more of a threshold of voltage change rate, a threshold of temperature, a threshold of temperature rise rate, a threshold of flammable and explosive gas concentration, and a threshold of smoke concentration. It is understandable that the preset threshold value corresponds to the monitoring value, and when judging thermal runaway, the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of cell A is compared with the preset threshold value of the corresponding thermal runaway index of the cell. For example, if the monitored value of the voltage change rate of the cell A is greater than the threshold value of the voltage change rate, it is determined that the cell A has thermal runaway.
  • the thermal runaway state of the cell is comprehensively determined based on the monitored value of the voltage change rate, the monitored value of the temperature, the monitored value of the temperature rise rate, and the monitored value of the concentration of flammable and explosive gases.
  • the flammable and explosive gas includes one or more of hydrogen, methane, ethylene and carbon monoxide.
  • the process of judging the thermal runaway of the cell may include:
  • the above-mentioned first preset threshold, second preset threshold, third preset threshold, and fourth preset threshold may be measured by conducting thermal runaway experiments.
  • the fourth preset threshold may be, for example, 10°C/min.
  • the method for controlling the thermal runaway spread of the battery system based on the battery system 10 may include:
  • step S02 According to the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of each cell in the battery system, determine whether there is a thermal runaway of the battery cell; if there is a thermal runaway of the cell A, step S03 is performed;
  • the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the battery cell can be obtained by monitoring the battery monitoring device.
  • the monitoring value of the thermal runaway index of the cell includes one or more of the monitoring value of the voltage change rate, the monitoring value of the temperature, the monitoring value of the temperature rise rate, the monitoring value of the flammable and explosive gas concentration, and the monitoring value of the smoke concentration .
  • step S02 the specific way of judging the thermal runaway of the battery cell is as described above, which will not be repeated here.
  • the target cell group is at least one cell in the battery module where cell A is located.
  • the target cell pack includes cells capable of transferring power through an energy transfer circuit so that thermal runaway does not propagate.
  • the target cell group includes a second cell group, and the second cell group includes cells that cause thermal runaway due to thermal runaway spread of cell A, and can transfer electricity through an energy transfer circuit so that thermal runaway does not spread; some
  • the target cell group further includes a first cell group, and the first cell group includes cells that cause thermal runaway due to thermal runaway spread of cell A, and cannot transfer electricity through the energy transfer circuit so that thermal runaway does not spread any more. core.
  • determining the first cell group and the second cell group specifically includes:
  • the transfer time is determined according to the current SOC of the cell, the target SOC, the transfer current of the energy transfer circuit, and the capacity of the cell.
  • the transfer time is the time required to reduce the power in the cell from the current SOC to the target SOC;
  • the SOC when thermal runaway does not spread in the case of core thermal runaway;
  • the first cell group and the second cell group are determined according to the transfer time, the first time and the second time; wherein, the first time is the time required for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent n-1th cell, The second time is the time required for the thermal runaway of cell A to spread to the adjacent nth cell.
  • the transfer time includes the transfer time of the n-1th cell and the transfer time of the nth cell, and the first cell group and the second cell group are determined according to the transfer time, the first time and the second time.
  • the first time is less than the transfer time of the n-1th cell, and the second time is greater than the transfer time of the nth cell, determine the first cell group and the second cell group, wherein the first cell The group includes at least one of the first to n-1th cells adjacent to the cell A, and the second cell group includes the nth cell adjacent to the cell A.
  • the energy of the second cell group may be transferred to the load circuit connected to the battery system or other cells in the battery system only through the energy transfer circuit. It is also possible to transfer the energy of the first cell group to the load circuit connected to the battery system or other cells in the battery system through the energy transfer circuit. While performing power transfer on the second cell group, performing power transfer on the first cell group can reduce the SOC of the cells in the first cell group, thereby reducing the severe thermal runaway of the cells in the first cell group. It is possible to further reduce the influence range of thermal runaway, which is beneficial to control the adverse effects of thermal runaway.
  • the first cell group includes the 1st to n-1th cells adjacent to the cell A, that is, all the cells from the 1st to the n-1th adjacent to the cell A are simultaneously processed. The core performs energy transfer.
  • the battery system of the embodiment of the present application realizes the suppression of the spread of thermal runaway in a low-cost manner, and can be applied to fields such as electric vehicles and energy storage systems, which can improve product competitiveness.
  • the load circuit 20 is connected to the energy transfer circuit 140 .
  • the load circuit 20 may be connected to the energy transfer circuit 140 through a voltage converter.
  • the voltage converter may specifically be a DCDC transformer.
  • the load circuit 20 may include a power grid, an air conditioner, a server, and the like.
  • the power of the cells that need to perform energy transfer may be transferred to the load circuit 20 first, and then transferred to other cells in the battery system.
  • each battery module includes a voltage converter, the voltage converter is connected in series with the plurality of cells in each battery module, and the plurality of cells are connected to the load circuit 20 through the voltage converter, wherein the voltage
  • the signal terminal of the converter is connected to the battery management device 130 .
  • the signal stream output by the battery management device 130 is transmitted to the energy transfer circuit 140 through a voltage converter.
  • the signal stream output by the battery management device 130 may also be directly transmitted to the energy transfer circuit 140 .
  • the specific structural form of the energy transfer circuit 140 is not limited, as long as it can transfer the power of the cells that need to perform energy transfer to the load circuit or other cells.
  • the energy transfer circuit 140 includes a plurality of switch groups, the plurality of switch groups are in one-to-one correspondence with the cells in the at least one battery module, and each switch group includes a first switch S1 and the second switch S2, the first switch S1 of each switch group in the multiple switch groups is connected in series with the cell corresponding to the switch group, and the second switch S2 in the switch group is connected in parallel with the cell corresponding to the switch group .
  • the second switch S2 is connected in parallel with the circuit formed by the cell corresponding to the switch group and the first switch S1.
  • the first switch S1 is in a closed state
  • the second switch S2 is in an open state.
  • the battery management device 130 when the power in the second cell group is transferred to the load circuit 20 connected to the battery system 10 through the energy transfer circuit 140, the battery management device 130 is specifically used for:
  • the corresponding cell By turning off the first switch S1, the corresponding cell can be in an open circuit, and the second switch S2 can be closed, so that the current can pass through the second switch S2, so that the cells of the second cell group can be connected to the load circuit for discharging, Therefore, the power of the cells of the second cell group is preferentially consumed, and the power transfer is realized, so that the power of the cells of the second cell group is reduced to the target SOC or below, and the spread of thermal runaway is controlled.
  • the other cells may only include other cells in the battery module where the cell A is located, or may also include cells in the battery module other than the battery module where the cell A is located, such as including All cells in the battery system except cell A, the first cell group and the second cell group.
  • the other cells include cells other than the battery module where the thermally runaway cell A is located. Batteries. That is, the power in the second cell group is transferred to the cells in the battery module other than the battery module where the thermally runaway cell A is located through the energy transfer circuit 140 .
  • the battery management device 130 is specifically used for:
  • the voltage converter DCDC1 can also be controlled at the same time to transfer the power of the second cell group to a battery module other than the battery module where the cell A is located.
  • the voltage converter DCDC1 is a bidirectional voltage converter.
  • the battery management device 130 is specifically used to: control the first cell
  • the first switch S1 of the switch group corresponding to each cell in the group is closed, and the second switch S2 is opened, so that the electric power in each cell in the second cell group is transferred to the load circuit or other cells.
  • the battery management device 130 when the cell A and any cell in the first cell group are disconnected, the battery management device 130 is further configured to control the second switch S2 of the switch group corresponding to the cell to be closed. Due to the thermal runaway of the cell, during the continuous process of thermal runaway, a large-scale internal short circuit may be formed, resulting in disconnection from the external circuit. When S2 is closed, the circuit-breaker cells can be isolated to prevent the fault from spreading, and only perform fast energy transfer to other cells that need to perform energy transfer.
  • the switch S1 corresponding to the battery 1, the battery 2 and the battery 3 in the battery module 2 is closed, and the switch S2 is opened.
  • the switch S1 corresponding to the battery 4 to the battery m in the battery module 2 is opened, and the switch S2 is closed.
  • battery 1, battery 2 and battery 3 constitute a small combined energy storage unit, which can be directly connected to the main power circuit through a high-power DCDC transformer (ie DCDC1) to achieve rapid energy transfer, which can be to transfer energy to the load.
  • the circuit 20 or other battery modules other than the battery module 2 eg, the battery module 1 ).
  • switch S1 of battery 2 can be opened and S2 closed. Cell 2 is isolated, and only cell 1 and cell 3 are rapidly transferred.
  • the SOC of battery 1 to battery 3 decreases to the target SOC or below, the influence range of thermal runaway will be limited to battery 1 to battery 3 without causing systemic risk.
  • the energy transfer circuit 140 may include an equalization circuit, and may specifically be in the form of an inductive equalization circuit, a capacitive equalization circuit, a transformer equalization circuit, and the like.
  • the balancing circuit can directionally discharge a certain cell to achieve SOC balance between different cells.
  • the energy of the balancing circuit can be reused The transfer path transfers the energy of the cells required to perform the energy transfer.
  • the energy transfer circuit includes a plurality of DCDC transformers (ie DCDC2 ), the plurality of DCDC transformers are bidirectional DCDC transformers, and the plurality of DCDC transformers are in one-to-one correspondence with the cells in at least one battery module , the two first ends of each DCDC transformer in the plurality of DCDC transformers are respectively connected to two ends of the cell corresponding to the DCDC transformer, and the two second ends of each DCDC transformer are connected to the load circuit 20 in parallel.
  • DCDC2 DCDC2
  • the plurality of DCDC transformers are bidirectional DCDC transformers
  • the plurality of DCDC transformers are in one-to-one correspondence with the cells in at least one battery module
  • the two first ends of each DCDC transformer in the plurality of DCDC transformers are respectively connected to two ends of the cell corresponding to the DCDC transformer
  • the two second ends of each DCDC transformer are connected to the load circuit 20 in parallel.
  • the battery management device 130 when the power in the second cell group is transferred to the load circuit 20 connected to the battery system 10 through the energy transfer circuit 140, the battery management device 130 is specifically used for:
  • the DCDC transformer corresponding to each cell in the second cell group is controlled to be in a first working state, so that the electric power in each cell in the second cell group is transferred to the load circuit.
  • the battery management device 130 when the power in the second cell group is transferred to other cells in the battery system 10 through the energy transfer circuit 140, the battery management device 130 is specifically used for:
  • the battery management device 130 is further configured to: control the corresponding power of each cell in the first cell group The DCDC transformer is in the first working state, so that the electric power in each cell in the first cell group is transferred to the load circuit.
  • the battery management device 130 is further configured to: control the DCDC corresponding to each cell in the first cell group The transformer is in a first working state to transfer the power in each cell in the first cell group to other cells in the battery system.
  • a DCDC (DC/DC) transformer is a device that converts a DC power supply of a certain voltage level into a DC power supply of other voltage levels.
  • the DCDC transformer When the DCDC transformer is in the first working state, it is in the state of discharging the cells, so that the corresponding cells are in the state of external discharge, and the DCDC transformer is in the state of charging the cells when the DCDC transformer is in the second working state, so that the corresponding cells are in the state of charging.
  • the energy transfer circuit in Figure 10 can also implement active equalization through DCDC2. When the battery is working normally, the energy transfer circuit directionally discharges a certain cell to achieve SOC balance among different cells.
  • the power of the cells that need to perform energy transfer may be transferred to other loads such as the power grid or air conditioner, or may be transferred to other cells in the battery system that are not affected by thermal runaway.
  • Other cells may be It includes cells in the same battery module as the thermally runaway cells, and can also include cells that are not in the same battery module as the thermally runaway cells.
  • the specific number of cells to receive energy transfer can be determined according to actual needs. In some embodiments, since a large amount of energy needs to be transferred, when the capacity of the cells receiving the energy transfer is insufficient, other energy transfer recipients need to be supplemented.
  • the battery system 10 provided by the embodiments of the present application may specifically be a lithium-ion battery system.
  • Lithium-ion batteries rely on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to realize the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy, usually including electrodes, separators, electrolytes, casings and terminals, etc., and are designed to be rechargeable.
  • the battery system of the embodiments of the present application can determine the cells that need to perform energy transfer when thermal runaway occurs in the battery system, and transfer the power of the cells that need to perform energy transfer to the battery system through the energy transfer circuit.
  • the connected load circuit or other cells in the battery system can inhibit the spread of thermal runaway, control the thermal runaway in a small range, reduce the risk of systemic thermal runaway, and improve the safety performance of the battery system.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides an energy storage system 100 , where the energy storage system 100 includes a battery system 10 .
  • the energy storage system 100 may further include a power generation system 40 , and the power generation system 40 may provide electrical energy to the battery system 10 , and the battery system 10 may be used to store the electrical energy provided by the power generation system 40 .
  • the power generation system 40 may be, for example, a photovoltaic power generation system, a wind power generation system, or the like.
  • the energy storage system 100 may specifically be various conventional energy storage systems, such as a power station energy storage system, a household energy storage system, and an electric vehicle energy storage system.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system of a power station in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the solid connecting line in the figure represents the energy flow (power line), the dotted connecting line represents the signal flow, the DC/AC is a DC/AC converter, and the box becomes a box-type substation.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a vehicle, which is powered by the battery system 10 provided above in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery system 10 is charged using a charging device.
  • the specific structural form of the vehicle is not limited, for example, it can be a car, a bus, or the like.
  • the battery system includes 12 strings of battery modules composed of 100Ah cells (as shown in Figure 5), and the current SOC of the cells is 70%.
  • the method for suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of the battery in this embodiment includes:
  • the thermal runaway propagation speed is obtained when the SOC is 70%, as shown in Figure 13. It can be seen from Figure 13 that when the 1# cell is thermally out of control, the thermal runaway spreads to the 2# cell, that is, the time required for the adjacent first cell is 320s, so it is known that when the SOC of the cell is 70%, the The time for the runaway cell to spread to the first adjacent cell is 320s. This time is greater than the above transfer time of 180s, so the battery system has enough time to transfer the 5# and 7# cells through the energy transfer circuit before the thermal runaway of the 6# cell spreads to the adjacent 5# and 7# cells.
  • the SOC drops below the target SOC (60%), thereby blocking the spread of thermal runaway and controlling the influence of thermal runaway within the local range of 5#, 6# and 7# cells, so as not to cause systemic safety risks. Therefore, the energy of the 5#, 6# and 7# cells is transferred to other cells or load circuits in the system. Optionally, it is also possible to transfer only the energy of the 5# and 7# cells adjacent to the 6# cell to other cells or load circuits in the system.
  • the energy transfer circuit may have the structure shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 .
  • the DCDC2 corresponding to the 5#, 6# and 7# cells can be controlled to be in a state of discharging the 5#, 6# and 7# cells to the outside, so that the The power of the 5#, 6# and 7# cells is transferred to the load circuit. It can also control the DCDC2 corresponding to the 5#, 6# and 7# cells to discharge the 5#, 6# and 7# cells to the outside, and control the 1# to 4#, 8 in the battery module 2 at the same time.
  • the DCDC2 corresponding to the # to 12# cells is in the state of charging these cells, so that the power of the 5#, 6# and 7# cells is transferred to the 1# to 4#, 8# to 12# cells. It is also possible to transfer the power of the 5#, 6# and 7# cells to the cells in different modules (eg, battery module 1). In another embodiment, only the energy of the 5# cell and the 7# cell may be transferred to other cells or load circuits in the battery system. In some other embodiments, the power of the 4#, 5#, 6#, 7# and 8# cells can also be transferred to other cells or load circuits in the battery system.
  • the first switch S1 corresponding to the 5#, 6# and 7# cells can be controlled to be closed, the second switch S2 to be opened, and other cells in the battery system can be controlled
  • the first switch S1 in the corresponding switch group is turned off, and the second switch S2 is turned on, so that the power of the 5#, 6# and 7# cells is transferred to the load circuit.
  • the battery system includes 12 strings of battery modules composed of 100Ah cells (as shown in Figure 4), and the current SOC of the cells is 90%.
  • the method for suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of the battery in this embodiment includes:
  • the thermal runaway spread speed is obtained when the SOC is 90%, as shown in Figure 14. It can be seen from Figure 14 that when the 1# cell is thermally out of control, the thermal runaway spreads to the 2# cell and the 3# cell.
  • the time of the 4# cell is 240s, 425s, and 620s respectively, so it is known that when the SOC of the cell is 90%, the thermal runaway cell spreads to the adjacent first cell, the second cell, and the third cell.
  • the times of the cells are 240s, 425s, and 620s respectively.
  • the time of spreading to the second cell is less than the above-mentioned transfer time of 540s, and the time of spreading to the third cell is greater than the above-mentioned transfer time of 540s, so the battery system does not have enough time for the thermal runaway of the 6# cell to spread to the adjacent cell.
  • the SOC of the 4# and 8# cells is reduced to below the target SOC (60%) through the energy transfer circuit.
  • the influence range of the out-of-control is controlled within the local range of 3# to 9# cells, which will not cause systemic safety risks. Therefore, the 3# to 9# (ie 3#, 4#, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8# and 9# cells) cell energy is transferred to other cells or load circuits in the system. Optionally, only the energy of the 3# and 9# cells can be transferred to other cells or load circuits in the system.
  • the energy transfer circuit may have the structure shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 .
  • the DCDC2 corresponding to the 3# to 9# cells can be controlled to be in a state of discharging the 3# to 9# cells to the outside, so that the 3# to 9# cells are discharged to the outside.
  • the power of the cells is transferred to the load circuit. It can also control the DCDC2 corresponding to the 3# to 9# cells to discharge the 3# to 9# cells to the outside, and control the 1# to 2#, 10# to 12# power cells in the battery module 2 at the same time.
  • the DCDC2 corresponding to the cell is in the state of charging these cells, so that the power of the 3# to 9# cells is transferred to the 1# to 2#, 10# to 12# cells.
  • the power of the 3# to 9# cells may be transferred to the cells in different modules (eg, battery module 1).
  • only the energy of the 3# cell and the 9# cell may be transferred to other cells or load circuits in the system.
  • the energy transfer circuit is the structure shown in Figure 9
  • the first switch S1 corresponding to the 3# to 9# cells can be controlled to be closed, the second switch S2 to be opened, and the switches corresponding to other cells in the battery system can be controlled
  • the first switch S1 in the group is turned off, and the second switch S2 is turned on, so that the power of the 3# to 9# cells is transferred to the load circuit.

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Abstract

本申请提供一种电池系统，包括至少一个电池模组、电池管理装置和能量转移电路，每个电池模组包括至少两个电芯，能量转移电路与电芯连接；电池管理装置用于当电芯A发生热失控时，控制能量转移电路以使目标电芯组的电量通过能量转移电路转移到电池系统中的其他电芯或与电池系统连接的负载电路，电芯A为任一电芯，目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯，其他电芯为电芯A所在电池模组中除去电芯A和目标电芯组以外的电芯和/或电芯A所在电池模组以外的其他电池模组中的电芯。该电池系统在有电芯发生热失控时，可有效抑制热失控蔓延，将热失控限制在局部范围，提高电池系统的安全性能。本申请还提供包括该电池系统的储能系统和车辆。

Description

电池系统和车辆
本申请要求于2021年4月30日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110487647.1、申请名称为“电池系统和车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及动力电池系统技术领域，特别是涉及一种可一定程度抑制热失控蔓延的电池系统和包含该电池系统的车辆。
背景技术
在能源危机与环境污染的双重压力下，新能源汽车和以光伏和风力发电为代表的新能源产业持续保持高速增长。当前给电动车和新能源发电配套的储能系统大多采用较高能量密度的锂离子电池。然而，偶发的安全事故使得锂离子电池储能系统受到较多质疑。
现有的电池系统事故一般是由动力电池发生热失控造成的。热失控是由电池内部材料在将化学能快速转化成热能时产生的热积累导致的。如图1所示，电池系统通常包含多节串并联连接的单体电池，部分单体电池发生热失控之后，剧烈释放出的热能将会波及周围的单体电池，导致周围电池继续因受到高温加热而发生热失控。这种周围电池受到已有热失控影响继而发生热失控的过程，称为热失控的扩展即热失控蔓延过程。热失控的扩展是非常危险的，这意味着动力电池系统局部发生热失控后，整个系统都可能因为热失控的扩展而发生热失控，严重威胁到人们的生命财产安全。因此，有必要提供一种电池系统，能够有效抑制电池系统内的热失控蔓延，将热失控限制在局部，提高电池系统的安全性能。
发明内容
鉴于此，本申请实施例提供一种电池系统，该电池系统在有电芯发生热失控时，可以有效抑制热失控蔓延，将热失控限制在局部范围，提高电池系统的安全性能。
具体地，本申请实施例第一方面提供一种电池系统，所述电池系统包括：至少一个电池模组、电池管理装置和能量转移电路，其中，所述至少一个电池模组中的每个电池模组包括至少两个电芯，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；
所述电池管理装置用于当电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制所述能量转移电路以使目标电芯组的电芯通过所述能量转移电路对所述电池系统中的其他电芯或与所述电池系统连接的负载电路放电，以实现电量转移，所述电芯A为所述至少一个电池模组中的任一电芯，所述目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯，所述其他电芯为所述电芯A所在电池模组中除去所述电芯A和所述目标电芯组以外的电芯，和/或所述电芯A所在电池模组以外的其他电池模组中的电芯。本申请实施例提供的电池系统，在整个电池系统中一旦有电芯发生热失控时，可通过电池管理装置控制能量转移电路将目标电芯组的电量通过能量转移电路及时转移到负载电路或其他电芯，从而可以控制热失控蔓延在目标电芯组停止，有效抑制热失控蔓延，使热失控控制在局部小范围，避免牵连到更多电芯，造成电芯大规模热失控，提高电池系统安全性。
本申请实施方式中，电池管理装置用于根据电芯A的热失控指标的监测值确定电芯A发生热失控。具体地，电池管理装置根据所述电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈 值时确定所述电芯A发生热失控。热失控指标可以是包括电压变化率、温度、温升速率、易燃易爆气体浓度、烟雾浓度中的一种或多种。所述电芯A的热失控指标的监测值包括电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、烟雾浓度的监测值中的一个或多个。所述预设阈值包括电压变化率的阈值、温度的阈值、温升速率的阈值、易燃易爆气体浓度的阈值、烟雾浓度的阈值中的一个或多个。在判断电芯A是否热失控的实际操作过程时，可以是基于上述任意一个或多个热失控指标进行判断，其中，基于多个热失控指标进行综合判断，可以更好地确保热失控被检测识别到。具体地，一实施方式中，基于电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值综合判断电芯热失控状态，当有任何一个监测值超过预设阈值时，即判断电芯为发生热失控。
本申请实施方式中，电池管理装置还用于判断电芯A热失控的影响范围，确定需要进行能量转移的目标电芯组。所述目标电芯组包括能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。即热失控仅由电芯A蔓延至目标电芯组，不再向下一颗电芯蔓延。
本申请实施方式中，所述目标电芯组包括第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。即第二电芯组包括本身会因电芯A热失控蔓延而发生热失控，但能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯的电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。通过能量转移电路将第二电芯组的电芯的SOC降至目标SOC，可以控制热失控蔓延在第二电芯组停止，减少热失控的影响范围。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置还用于：
当所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组。
本申请一些实施方式中，所述转移时间包括所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第二时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
当所述第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。第二时间大于第n颗电芯的转移时间，表示与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯在热失控由电芯A蔓延至该电芯时，有足够的时间通过能量转移电路将电芯SOC降至目标SOC，因此能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯。n可以是大于或等于1的整数。
本申请另一些实施方式中，所述转移时间包括所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第一时间和第二时间，所述第一时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
当所述第一时间小于所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且所述第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。通过同时对比相邻的第n-1颗电芯和第n颗电芯的情况，可以准确定位出离热失控电芯A最近的能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯时通过能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯，从而能够通过实施电量转移尽可能地将热失控蔓延控制在最小的范围。
本申请一些实施方式中，第二电芯组除包括第n颗电芯外，还可以包括会因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控的与电芯A邻近的第n+1颗电芯、第n+2颗电芯……第n+m颗电芯，m为大于或等于1的整数，具体数值可由热失控的影响范围而定。在对第n颗电芯实施能量转移的同时对邻近的电芯实施能量转移可以更好地确保热失控蔓延的停止。
本申请一些实施方式中，若与电芯A邻近的第1至n+m颗电芯会因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且第n颗电芯能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯时通过能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下，则第二电芯组可以是包括第n颗电芯至第n+m颗电芯之间的至少一个。即第二电芯组可以是包括一个或多个(两个或两个以上)电芯。
本申请一些实施方式中，所述目标电芯组还包括第一电芯组，所述第一电芯组包括因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。即第一电芯组包括因电芯A热失控蔓延而发生热失控，且不能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯的电芯。在对第二电芯组实施电量转移的同时，也可以对第一电芯组进行电量转移，降低第一电芯组的电芯的SOC，从而降低第一电芯组电芯热失控发生的剧烈程度和影响范围，有利于进一步减小热失控的危害，还可以有效利用第一电芯组中电量。
本申请实施方式中，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置还用于：
当所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组。
本申请实施方式中，所述转移时间包括所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第一时间和第二时间，所述第一时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
当所述第一时间小于所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组，其中，所述第一电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗电芯中的至少一个，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。其中，与电芯A邻近的第n-1颗电芯在热失控由电芯A蔓延至该电芯时，没有足够的时间通过能量转移电路将电芯SOC降至目标SOC，因此不能够通过能量转移电路转移 电量使热失控不再继续蔓延至下一颗电芯。而与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯在热失控由电芯A蔓延至该电芯时，有足够的时间通过能量转移电路将电芯SOC降至目标SOC，因此能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯。n可以是大于或等于1的整数。
本申请一些实施方式中，目标电芯组还可以包括第三电芯组，第三电芯组包括电芯A所在电池模组内不会因电芯A的热失控蔓延导致热失控的电芯，即串联在第二电芯组远离电芯A一侧的电芯。一些实施方式中，目标电芯组可以是包括电芯A所在的电池模组中除了电芯A之外的所有电芯。本申请一些实施方式中，还可以对电芯A进行电量转移，电池管理装置还用于：控制所述能量转移电路以使电芯A通过所述能量转移电路对所述电池系统中的其他电芯或与所述电池系统连接的负载电路放电，以实现电量转移。一些实施方式中，可以是对电芯A所在的整个电池模组中的所有电芯通过能量转移电路实施能量转移，将热失控电芯A所在的整个电池模组中的电量转移至其他电池模组或负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池系统还包括电池监测装置，所述电池监测装置与所述电池管理装置和所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；
所述电池监测装置用于监测每一所述电芯的热失控指标的监测值；所述电池管理装置还用于根据所述电芯A的热失控指标的监测值确定所述电芯A发生热失控。
本申请实施方式中，能量转移电路的具体结构形式不限，只要能实现将需要进行能量转移的电芯的电量转移给负载电路或其他电芯即可。
本申请一实施方式中，所述能量转移电路包括多个开关组，所述多个开关组与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，每一所述开关组包括第一开关和第二开关，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
所述多个开关组中每个开关组的第一开关和与该开关组对应的电芯串联，该开关组中的第二开关和与该开关组对应的电芯并联。具体地，开关组中的第二开关和与该开关组对应的电芯以及第一开关并联。该能量转移电路结构简单，可通过控制第一开关和第二开关的通断实现能量转移，不会大幅增加电池系统成本，从而可以通过低成本方式实现热失控蔓延控制，且控制方式也比较简单。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到与所述电池系统连接的负载电路时，具体用于：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述电池系统中的所述其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，使所述目标电芯组的电量向所述负载电路转移。其中，其他电芯可以是仅包括电芯A所在电池模组中除去电芯A和目标电芯组以外的电芯，也可以是还包括电芯A所在电池模组之外的其他电池模组中的电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到所述电池系统中的其他电池模组时，具体用于：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述其他电池模组中的电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，使所述目标电芯组的电量向所述其他电池模组转移。
本申请一实施方式中，所述电池管理装置还用于：
当所述电芯A或所述目标电芯组中任一个电芯断路时，控制与该电芯对应的开关组的第二开关闭合。
本申请另一实施方式中，所述能量转移电路包括多个DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器为双向DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
所述多个DCDC变压器中的每个DCDC变压器的两个第一端分别连接到与该DCDC变压器对应的电芯的两端，所述每个DCDC变压器的两个第二端并联连接到所述负载电路。该实施方式中，可通过控制DCDC变压器对相应电芯的充放电状态实现能量转移，能量转移电路为一种均衡电路。在其他一些实施方式中，能量转移电路也可以是包括其他结构的均衡电路，具体结构不限，例如可以是电感式均衡电路、电容式均衡电路、变压器式均衡电路等形式。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将目标电芯组中的电量转移到与所述电池系统连接的负载电路时，具体用于：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将目标电芯组中的电量转移到所述电池系统中的其他电芯时，具体用于：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，且控制所述电池系统中的其他电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第二工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述电池系统中的其他电芯。接受电量转移的其他电芯的具体个数可以根据实际需要而定。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种控制电池系统热失控蔓延的方法，所述方法应用于电池系统，所述电池系统包括：至少一个电池模组、电池管理装置和能量转移电路，其中，所述至少一个电池模组中的每个电池模组包括至少两个电芯，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；所述方法包括：
所述电池管理装置用于当电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制所述能量转移电路以使目标电芯组的电芯通过所述能量转移电路对所述电池系统中的其他电芯或与所述电池系统连接的负载电路放电，以实现电量转移，所述电芯A为所述至少一个电池模组中的任一电芯，所述目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯，所述其他电芯为所述电芯A所在电池模组中除去所述电芯A和所述目标电芯组以外的电芯，和/或所述电芯A所在电池模组以外的其他电池模组中的电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述电芯A的热失控指标的监测值包括电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、烟雾浓度的监测值中的一个或多个。
本申请实施方式中，所述目标电芯组包括第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述目标电芯组还包括第一电芯组，所述第一电芯组包括所述电芯A及因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
本申请一实施方式中，所述能量转移电路包括多个开关组，所述多个开关组与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，每一所述开关组包括第一开关和第二开关，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
所述多个开关组中每个开关组的第一开关和与该开关组对应的电芯串联，该开关组中的 第二开关和与该开关组对应的电芯并联。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述负载电路，具体包括：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述电池系统中所述其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，以使所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到与所述电池系统连接的负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述电池系统中的其他电池模组，具体包括：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述电池系统中的所述其他电池模组中的电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，以使所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到所述电池系统中的其他电池模组。
本申请实施方式中，所述方法还包括：
当所述电芯A或所述目标电芯组中任一个电芯断路时，控制与该电芯对应的开关组的第二开关闭合。
本申请另一实施方式中，所述能量转移电路包括多个DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器为双向DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
所述多个DCDC变压器中的每个DCDC变压器的两个第一端分别连接到与该DCDC变压器对应的电芯的两端，所述每个DCDC变压器的两个第二端并联连接到所述负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述负载电路，具体包括：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量，具体包括：
控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，且控制所述电池系统中的其他电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第二工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述电池系统中的其他电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置还用于：
在所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组。
本申请实施方式中，所述转移时间包括所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第二时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确 定所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
当所述第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述转移时间包括所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第一时间和第二时间，所述第一时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
当所述第一时间小于所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且所述第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池管理装置还用于：
在所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组。
本申请实施方式中，所述转移时间包括所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第一时间和第二时间，所述第一时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
当所述第一时间小于所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组，其中，所述第一电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗电芯中的至少一个，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
本申请实施方式中，所述电池系统还包括电池监测装置，所述电池监测装置与所述电池管理装置和所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；所述电池监测装置用于监测获得每一所述电芯的热失控指标的监测值。
本申请实施例提供的控制电池系统热失控蔓延的方法，可以在电池系统有电芯发生热失控时，有效抑制热失控蔓延，将热失控限制在局部范围，提高电池系统的安全性能。
第三方面，本申请实施例还提供了一种储能系统，所述储能系统包括发电系统和本申请实施例第一方面所述的电池系统，所述发电系统为所述电池系统提供电能，所述电池系统用于存储所述发电系统提供的电能。该储能系统具体可以是电站储能系统、户用储能系统、电动车储能系统等。
本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，该车辆包括本申请实施例第一方面所述的电池系统，所 述电池系统为所述车辆供电。车辆采用本申请实施例提供的电池系统进行供电，可以提高安全性能，更好地保障用户的生命财产安全，提升产品市场竞争力。
附图说明
图1为电池系统发生热失控蔓延的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电池系统的结构示意图；
图3为本申请一实施例中的电池系统在不同SOC下的热失控蔓延过程示意图；
图4为本申请一实施例中的电池模组的示意图；
图5为本申请另一实施例中的电池模组的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中电池热失控蔓延模型的构建流程图；
图7为本申请实施例中判断电芯热失控的方法流程图；
图8为本申请实施例电池系统抑制热失控蔓延的方法流程图；
图9为本申请一实施例中能量转移电路的结构示意图；
图10为本申请另一实施例中能量转移电路的结构示意图；
图11为本申请一实施例中储能系统的结构示意图；
图12为本申请一实施例中电站储能系统的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例1的电池SOC为70％时热失控蔓延速度示意图；
图14为本申请实施例2的电池SOC为90％时热失控蔓延速度示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例进行说明。
参见图2，图2为本申请实施例提供的电池系统10的结构示意图，图中实线连接线表示能量流(功率线)，虚线连接线表示信号流。电池系统10包括：至少一个电池模组110、电池监测装置120、电池管理装置130和能量转移电路140，其中，该至少一个电池模组110包括至少两个电芯，该至少两个电芯串联连接，电池监测装置120和能量转移电路140与每一电池模组110中的电芯连接，电池监测装置120与电池管理装置130连接；
其中，电池管理装置130用于当电芯A发生热失控时，通过能量转移电路140将目标电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统10连接的负载电路20或电池系统10中的其他电芯；具体地，电池管理装置130用于当电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈值时，确定电芯A热失控，并控制能量转移电路140以使目标电芯组的电芯通过能量转移电路140对电池系统10中的其他电芯或与电池系统10连接的负载电路20放电，以实现电量转移；其中，电芯A为至少一个电池模组110中的任一电芯，目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯，其他电芯为所述电芯A所在电池模组中除去电芯A和目标电芯组以外的电芯，和/或电芯A所在电池模组以外的其他电池模组中的电芯。本申请中，电芯即为单体电池。
本申请实施方式中，目标电芯组包括第二电芯组，第二电芯组包括因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。即第二电芯组包括本身会因电芯A热失控蔓延而发生热失控，但能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯的电芯。本申请一些实施方式中，目标电芯组还包括第一电芯组，第一电芯组包括因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。即第一电芯组包括因电芯A热失控蔓延而发生热失控，且不能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯的电 芯。接受电量转移的其他电芯可以是包括电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯，也可以是包括电芯A所在电池模组之外的其他电池模组中的电芯。本申请中，第一电芯组的电芯和第二电芯组电芯与电芯A位于同一电池模组中。电池系统10中可以是具有多个(两个或两个以上)电池模组。
本申请实施例的电池系统10，在电池系统10中有电芯发生热失控时，通过能量转移电路将第二电芯组的电量及时转移到负载电路20或其他电芯，可以控制热失控蔓延在第二电芯组停止，从而有效抑制热失控蔓延，减小热失控范围，使热失控控制在局部小范围，避免牵连到更多电芯，造成电芯大规模热失控失效，提高电池系统安全性。
例如，一实施方式中，电芯A发生热失控时，热失控影响范围是与电芯A邻近的第1至8颗电芯，则电池系统10如果不采用能量转移电路140进行能量转移，热失控会蔓延至与电芯A邻近的第8颗电芯，当通过电池管理装置130确定第二电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第4颗电芯，那么，通过能量转移电路140对与电芯A邻近的第4颗电芯进行能量转移，则可以将热失控缩小至与电芯A邻近的第4颗电芯的范围内，则与电芯A邻近的第5至8颗电芯都不会发生热失控，从而减少最终因电芯A热失控导致发生热失控的电芯数量。
本申请实施例的电池系统10，在电芯发生热失控的阶段，电池热量主要来源于各种化学反应热和内短路造成的电化学热。而电化学热与电池的荷电状态SOC直接相关，SOC越高，电池储存的电能越多，热失控电芯能够达到的最高温度就越高，就越容易触发邻近电芯的热失控，热失控发生时的危害就越大。因此，在电池系统中有电芯发生热失控时，降低热失控影响范围内的电芯的SOC有利于降低热失控的危害。
本申请实施方式中，上述因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过能量转移电路140转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯；目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
本申请实施方式中，上述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过能量转移电路140转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC的电芯；目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
本申请实施方式中，电池管理装置130还用于：当电芯A发生热失控时，通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组的电芯SOC降至目标SOC或目标SOC以下。电池管理装置130通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统连接的负载电路或电池系统中的其他电芯，使第二电芯组中的电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下。其中，SOC(State of Charge)，指荷电状态，代表的是电池剩余容量与其完全充电状态的容量的比值，常用百分数表示，其取值范围为0～1，当SOC＝0时表示电池放电完全，当SOC＝1时表示电池完全充满。通过能量转移电路将第二电芯组的电芯的SOC降至目标SOC，可以控制热失控蔓延在第二电芯组停止，减少热失控的电芯数量。
本申请实施方式中，目标SOC根据具体的电池系统而定，具体可以是通过针对电池系统构建的电池热失控蔓延模型获得。一些实施方式中，目标SOC可以是10％-80％之间的任意值。具体地，目标SOC可以但不限于是10％、20％、30％、40％、50％、55％、60％、65％、70％、80％。例如，对于一个由6颗电芯组成的电池模组，通过电池热失控蔓延模型可获得 图3所示的该电池模组在不同SOC下的热失控蔓延过程。由图3可知，当电芯SOC为100％时，从第一颗电芯发生热失控到蔓延到整个模组的时间约900s；当电芯的SOC降低到80％时，从第一颗电芯发生热失控到蔓延到整个电池模组时，时间延长到了1500s；而当电芯SOC降低到60％时，仅第一个电芯发生热失控，热失控不再蔓延，即对于该电池系统，当电芯SOC降低到60％时，可以有效抑制热失控向整个模组的蔓延，则可以将目标SOC定为60％。由图3也可获知，随着电芯SOC降低，热失控蔓延速度变慢，从而可有效延缓甚至抑制热失控蔓延，使最终发生热失控的电芯数量减少。又例如，当SOC为100％时，从第一个电芯蔓延到第六个电芯需要300s。当电芯SOC从100％下降到80％时，六个电芯全部发生热失控的蔓延时间从300s，延长到了850s。当电芯SOC下降到60％时，仅第一个电芯发生热失控，热失控蔓延不再发生。
本申请一些实施方式中，电池管理装置130还用于：当电芯A发生热失控时，通过能量转移电路140将第一电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统10连接的负载电路20或电池系统10中的其他电芯。第一电芯组的电芯为热失控蔓延至该电芯时，电芯的SOC无法通过能量转移电路降至目标SOC或以下的电芯。本申请实施例在对第二电芯组实施电量转移的同时，对第一电芯组进行电量转移，可以降低第一电芯组的电芯的SOC，从而降低第一电芯组电芯热失控发生的剧烈程度，并可能进一步减小热失控影响范围，有利于控制热失控的不利影响，也能够有效利用这些电芯中的电量。
本申请实施方式中，电池管理装置130还用于：当电芯A发生热失控时，获取目标SOC，根据电芯的当前SOC、目标SOC、能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间；根据转移时间、第一时间和第二时间确定第一电芯组和第二电芯组；
其中，目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC；转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到目标SOC所需时间；第一时间为电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，第二时间为电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间。n可以是大于或等于1的整数。
本申请实施方式中，转移时间t 转移＝[(当前SOC-目标SOC)*电芯容量]/转移电流。例如，电芯的当前SOC为70％，目标SOC为60％，能量转移电路的转移电流为200A,电芯容量为100Ah，则转移时间t 转移＝[(70％-60％)*200]/100＝0.05h＝180s。电芯的当前SOC和能量转移电路的转移电流可以通过电池管理装置130获得，即电池管理装置130还用于获取电芯的当前SOC和能量转移电路140的转移电流。
本申请一实施方式中，转移时间包括第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和第n颗电芯的转移时间，电池管理装置根据转移时间、第一时间和第二时间确定第一电芯组和第二电芯组，具体包括：
当第一时间小于第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且第二时间大于第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定第一电芯组和所第二电芯组，其中，第一电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗电芯中的至少一个，第二电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。即与电芯A邻近的第n-1颗电芯在热失控由电芯A蔓延至该电芯时，没有足够的时间通过能量转移电路将电芯SOC降至目标SOC。与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯在热失控由电芯A蔓延至该电芯时，有足够的时间通过能量转移电路将电芯SOC降至目标SOC。该实施例中，通过同时对比相邻的第n-1颗电芯和第n颗电芯的情况，可以准确定位出离热失控电芯A最近的能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯时通过能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯，从而能够通过实施电量转移尽可能地将热失控蔓延控制在最小的范围。
一般地，同一电池系统中各电芯的当前SOC、电芯容量、转移电流都是相同的。因此第 n-1颗电芯的转移时间和第n颗电芯的转移时间一般是相同的。确定为第一电芯组的与电芯A邻近的第n-1颗电芯，以及确定为第二电芯组的与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯，其热失控由电芯A蔓延至该两个电芯的时间最接近转移时间。
例如，第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和第n颗电芯的转移时间均为180s，第一时间即电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间为150s，第二时间即电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间为200s，则表示电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯时，第n-1颗电芯的SOC没有足够的时间通过能量转移电路降至目标SOC或以下，热失控将继续蔓延至第n颗电芯，而当电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯时，第n颗电芯的SOC已降至目标SOC或以下，热失控不再继续蔓延至第n+1颗电芯，即热失控蔓延可以在第n颗电芯停止。更具体地，例如图4所示，6号电芯发生热失控，邻近的第2颗电芯(包括4号和8号电芯)和第3颗电芯(包括3号和9号电芯)的转移时间为540s，而热失控蔓延至第2颗电芯的第一时间为425s，蔓延至第3颗电芯的第二时间为620s，则可以确定第二电芯组包括3号和9号电芯。此时，电池管理装置130可通过能量转移电路140对3号和9号电芯实施能量转移，将3号和9号电芯的电量转移至负载电路20或电池系统中的其他电芯。或者电池管理装置130通过能量转移电路140对3号至9号电芯实施能量转移，将3号至9号7颗电芯的电量转移至负载电路20或电池系统中的其他电芯。
一些实施方式中，当上述的n＝1时，则第二电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第1颗电芯。例如图5所示，6号电芯发生热失控，若邻近的第1颗电芯(包括5号和7号电芯)的转移时间为180s，而热失控蔓延至邻近的第1颗电芯的第二时间为320s，则可以确定第二电芯组包括5号和7号电芯，此时，电池管理装置130通过能量转移电路140对5号和7号电芯实施能量转移，将5号和7号电芯的电量转移至负载电路20或电池系统中的其他电芯。或者电池管理装置130通过能量转移电路140对5号、6号和7号电芯实施能量转移，将5号、6号和7号电芯的电量转移至负载电路20或电池系统中的其他电芯，即能量转移电路140同时对电芯A实施能量转移。
本申请一些实施方式中，第二电芯组除包括第n颗电芯外，还可以包括会因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控的与电芯A邻近的第n+1颗电芯、第n+2颗电芯……第n+m颗电芯，m为大于或等于1的整数，具体数值可由热失控的影响范围而定。即若热失控影响范围是与电芯A邻近的第1至n+m颗电芯，即与电芯A邻近的第1至n+m颗电芯会因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，则第二电芯组可以是包括第n颗电芯以及第n+1颗至第n+m颗电芯之间的至少一个。在对第n颗电芯实施能量转移的同时对邻近的电芯实施能量转移可以更好地确保热失控蔓延停止。
本申请一些实施方式中，若热失控影响范围是与电芯A邻近的第1至n+m颗电芯，第二电芯组可以是包括第n颗电芯至第n+m颗电芯之间的至少一个。一些实施方式中，第二电芯组可以是包括第n颗电芯至第n+m-1颗电芯之间的至少一个。第二电芯组可以是包括一个或多个(两个或两个以上)电芯。通过对第n颗电芯至第n+m颗电芯之间的至少一个实施能量转移，都能够一定程度控制热失控蔓延，减小热失控影响范围。可以理解地，第n颗电芯至第n+m颗电芯之间的电芯中，对离电芯A越近的电芯实施能量转移则更有利于减小热失控影响范围，减少热失控电芯数量。
在其他一些实施方式中，也可以是仅根据转移时间和电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定第二电芯组。具体地，例如，转移时间包括第n颗电芯的转移时间，电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第二时间，第二时间为电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯 所需时间，根据转移时间和电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定第二电芯组，具体包括：
当第二时间大于第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定第二电芯组，第二电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。第二时间大于第n颗电芯的转移时间，表示与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯在热失控由电芯A蔓延至该电芯时，有足够的时间通过能量转移电路140将电芯SOC降至目标SOC，因此能够通过能量转移电路140转移电量使热失控不再继续向后蔓延至下一颗电芯。n可以是大于或等于1的整数。该实施方式通过确定第二电芯组包括第n颗电芯，并对第n颗电芯实施能量转移使电芯SOC降至目标SOC，能够使热失控蔓延在第n颗电芯停止。
本申请一些实施方式中，目标电芯组还可以包括第三电芯组，第三电芯组包括电芯A所在电池模组内不会因电芯A的热失控蔓延导致热失控的电芯，即串联在第二电芯组远离电芯A一侧的电芯。一些实施方式中，目标电芯组可以是包括电芯A所在的电池模组中除了电芯A之外的所有电芯。本申请一些实施方式中，还可以对电芯A进行电量转移，电池管理装置还用于：控制所述能量转移电路以使目标电芯组的电芯通过所述能量转移电路对所述电池系统中的其他电芯或与所述电池系统连接的负载电路放电，以实现电量转移。一些实施方式中，可能是对电芯A所在的整个电池模组通过能量转移电路实施能量转移，将热失控电芯A所在的整个电池模组中的电量转移至其他电池模组或负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，上述第一时间即电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，以及第二时间即电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，也可以基于电池热失控蔓延模型获得。根据电池热失控蔓延热模型可以评估电池在不同SOC、环境温度、散热条件下热失控的影响范围和发生热失控蔓延的速度，即可获知热失控会影响到的电芯数量和位置，以及热失控由电芯A蔓延到邻近的每一颗电芯的蔓延时间，从而获得热失控影响范围内的电芯发生热失控的时间，进而获得上述第一时间和第二时间。
本申请实施方式中，电池热失控蔓延模型的具体构建方式不限，能够获得上述目标SOC、以及各电芯的热失控发生时间(即热失控由电芯A蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间)即可。
一实施方式中，如图6所示，电池热失控蔓延模型的构建方式可以是包括：
步骤(1)、对单体电池进行绝热热失控实捡，并记录该电池在不同时刻的温度T'(t)，以及不同时刻的电压V'(t)；
步骤(2)、根据温度T'(t)以及电压V'(t)，对电池绝热热失控过程进行阶段划分，并确定不同阶段对应的化学反应；
步骤(3)、根据不同阶段对应的化学反应，建立电池在绝热热失控实验过程中的数学模型即热失控模型{T(t)，V(t)}，并利用T'(t)以及V'(t)标定该数学模型{T(t)，V(t)}；
步骤(4)、测量分析电池模组中电芯之间的传热热阻和电池模组的对外散热系数；
步骤(5)、根据数学模型{T(t)，V(t)}结合上述传热热阻和散热系数建立电池模组内部电芯间的热失控蔓延数学模型{T i(t)，V i(t)}，其中，T i(t)为模组中第i号电池的温度-时间关系；
步骤(6)、在固定外部环境温度和散热条件下，触发电池模组内某一电芯发生热失控，并记录模组内所有电芯在不同时刻的温度T i’(t)和电压V i’(t)；用测得的T i’(t)和V i’(t)验证并修正热失控蔓延模型{T i(t)，V i(t)}。
将与上述热失控蔓延模型{T i(t)，V i(t)}相关的参数值输入，可以获得各个电芯的{T i(t)，V i(t)}，根据各个电芯的{T i(t)，V i(t)}可以确定电池系统内各个电芯发生热失控的时刻。当电芯的温升速度大于预设阈值时，判断电芯发生热失控，预设阈值例如可以是10℃/min。参数值例如可以是包括电池所处的当前环境温度、电芯当前SOC、散热条件(如风冷散热功率、 液冷散热功率等)等。
本申请实施例的电池系统10，电池管理装置130基于电池热失控蔓延模型可确定需要执行能量转移的电芯，获得能量转移策略，通过能量转移电路及时对需要执行能量转移的电芯实施能量转移，既实现了热失控蔓延范围的最小化，又避免过度设计能量转移功率导致系统成本增加。
本申请实施方式中，电池检测模块120与每一电芯电信号连接，电池监测装置120用于监测每一电池模组110中每一电芯的热失控指标的监测值。电池监测装置120可包括气体传感器、烟雾传感器、温度传感器、电压测量装置、电流测量装置中的一种或多种。一些实施方式中，当电池模组为多个时，电池检测模块120可以是包括多个电池检测子模块，多个电池检测子模块与多个电池模组一一对应设置。
本申请实施方式中，识别到热失控电芯是启动能量转移的前提，电池管理装置130还用于根据电芯A的热失控指标的监测值确定电芯A发生热失控。具体地，热失控指标包括电压变化率、烟雾浓度、温度、温升速率、易燃易爆气体浓度中的一种或多种。
本申请实施方式中，在根据电芯A的热失控指标的监测值确定电芯A发生热失控时，电池管理装置130具体用于：
电池管理装置130接收电池监测装置120采集到的电芯A的热失控指标监测值；当电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈值时，确定电芯A发生热失控；其中，电芯A的热失控指标的监测值包括电芯A的电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、烟雾浓度的监测值中的一个或多个。预设阈值包括电压变化率的阈值、温度的阈值、温升速率的阈值、易燃易爆气体浓度的阈值、烟雾浓度的阈值中的一个或多个。可以理解地，预设阈值与监测值是相对应的，判断热失控时是将电芯A的热失控指标的监测值与对应的电芯的热失控指标的预设阈值进行比较。例如，电芯A的电压变化率的监测值大于电压变化率的阈值则判断电芯A发生热失控。本申请一实施方式中，基于电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值综合判断电芯热失控状态。当有任何一个监测值超过预设阈值时，即判断电芯为发生热失控。其中，易燃易爆气体包括氢气、甲烷、乙烯和一氧化碳中的一种或多种。
本申请一实施方式中，如图7所示，判断电芯发生热失控的流程可包括：
S1、采集电芯的易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值；
S2、比较易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值是否大于或等于第一预设阈值，结果为是则确定电芯发生热失控；结果为否则执行S3；第一预设阈值为易燃易爆气体浓度预设阈值；
S3、比较电压变化率的监测值是否大于或等于第二预设阈值，结果为是则确定电芯发生热失控；结果为否则执行S4；第二预设阈值为电压变化率预设阈值；
S4、比较温度的监测值是否大于或等于第三预设阈值，结果为是则确定电芯发生热失控；结果为否则执行S5；第三预设阈值为温度预设阈值；
S5、比较温升速率的监测值是否大于或等于第四预设阈值，结果为是则确定电芯发生热失控；结果为否则确定电芯状态正常，未发生热失控；第四预设阈值为温升速率预设阈值。
上述的第一预设阈值、第二预设阈值、第三预设阈值、第四预设阈值可以是通过进行热失控实验测得。一些实施方式中，第四预设阈值例如可以是10℃/min。
本申请一实施方式中，如图8所示，基于电池系统10的控制电池系统热失控蔓延的方法，可以包括：
S01、获取电池系统中各电芯的热失控指标监测值；
S02、根据电池系统中各电芯的热失控指标监测值判断有无电芯发生热失控；若有电芯A发生热失控，则执行步骤S03；
S03、确定目标电芯组；
S04、控制通过能量转移电路将目标电芯组的能量转移到与电池系统连接的负载电路或电池系统中的其他电芯。
步骤S01中，电芯的热失控指标的监测值可通过电池监测装置监测获得。电芯的热失控指标的监测值包括电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、烟雾浓度的监测值中的一个或多个。
步骤S02中，判断电芯发生热失控的具体判断方式如前文所述，此处不再赘述。
步骤S03中，目标电芯组的具体确定如前文所述，此处不再赘述。目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯。目标电芯组包括能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。具体地，目标电芯组包括第二电芯组，第二电芯组包括因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯；一些实施方式中，目标电芯组还包括第一电芯组，第一电芯组包括因电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
一实施方式中，确定第一电芯组和第二电芯组具体包括：
根据电芯的当前SOC、目标SOC、能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到目标SOC所需时间；目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC；
根据转移时间、第一时间和第二时间确定第一电芯组和第二电芯组；其中，第一时间为电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，第二时间为电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间。通过能量转移电路将第二电芯组的电芯的SOC降至目标SOC，可以控制热失控蔓延在第二电芯组停止，减少热失控的影响范围。
其中，转移时间包括第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和第n颗电芯的转移时间，根据转移时间、第一时间和第二时间确定第一电芯组和第二电芯组，具体包括：
当第一时间小于第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且第二时间大于第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定第一电芯组和第二电芯组，其中，第一电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗电芯中的至少一个，第二电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
步骤S04中，可以是仅通过能量转移电路将第二电芯组的能量转移到与电池系统连接的负载电路或电池系统中的其他电芯。也可以是还通过能量转移电路将第一电芯组的能量转移到与电池系统连接的负载电路或电池系统中的其他电芯。在对第二电芯组实施电量转移的同时，对第一电芯组进行电量转移，可以降低第一电芯组的电芯的SOC，从而降低第一电芯组电芯热失控发生的剧烈程度，并可能进一步减小热失控影响范围，有利于控制热失控的不利影响。一些实施方式中，第一电芯组包括与电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗电芯，即同时对与电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗的所有电芯实施能量转移。
本申请实施例的电池系统通过低成本方式实现了热失控蔓延的抑制，应用到电动汽车和储能系统等领域，可以提升产品竞争力。
本申请实施方式中，参见图2，负载电路20与能量转移电路140连接，一实施方式中，负载电路20可以是通过电压转换器与能量转移电路140连接。电压转换器具体可以是DCDC变压器。负载电路20可包括电网、空调、服务器等。本申请实施方式中，当电池系统10连 接有负载电路20时，可以是将需要执行能量转移的电芯的电量优先转移给负载电路20，再考虑转移给电池系统中的其他电芯。
可选地，每一电池模组包括一电压转换器，电压转换器与每一电池模组中的多个电芯串联连接，多个电芯通过该电压转换器与负载电路20连接，其中电压转换器的信号端连接至电池管理装置130。一实施方式中，电池管理装置130输出的信号流通过电压转换器传输至能量转移电路140。可选地，电池管理装置130输出的信号流也可以是直接传输至能量转移电路140。
本申请实施方式中，能量转移电路140的具体结构形式不限，只要能实现将需要执行能量转移的电芯的电量转移给负载电路或其他电芯即可。
本申请一实施方式中，如图9所示，能量转移电路140包括多个开关组，多个开关组与至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，每一开关组包括第一开关S1和第二开关S2，多个开关组中每个开关组的第一开关S1和与该开关组对应的电芯串联，该开关组中的第二开关S2和与该开关组对应的电芯并联。具体地，第二开关S2与该开关组对应的电芯和第一开关S1构成的电路并联。一般电池正常工作时，第一开关S1处于闭合状态，第二开关S2处于断开状态。
该实施方式中，在通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统10连接的负载电路20时，电池管理装置130具体用于：
控制第二电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关S1闭合，第二开关S2断开，且控制电池系统中的其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关S1断开，第二开关S2闭合，以使第二电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至负载电路。通过关断第一开关S1，可以使相应的电芯处于断路，第二开关S2闭合，则电流可以经过第二开关S2，使第二电芯组的电芯能与负载电路连通，进行放电，从而优先消耗第二电芯组电芯的电量，实现电量转移，使第二电芯组电芯的电量降至目标SOC或以下，控制热失控蔓延。该实施方式中，其他电芯可以是仅包括电芯A所在电池模组中的其他电芯，也可以是还包括电芯A所在电池模组之外的电池模组中的电芯，例如包括电池系统中除电芯A、第一电芯组和第二电芯组之外的所有电芯。
本申请实施方式中，在通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组中的电量转移到电池系统10中的其他电芯时，其他电芯包括热失控电芯A所在的电池模组之外的电芯。即通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组中的电量转移到热失控电芯A所在的电池模组之外的电池模组中的电芯。该实施方式中，电池管理装置130具体用于：
控制第二电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关S1闭合，第二开关S2断开，且控制电芯A所在电池模组中除电芯A、第一电芯组和第二电芯组外的其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关S1断开，第二开关S2闭合，同时控制电芯A所在电池模组之外的电池模组中的电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关S1闭合，第二开关S2断开，以使第二电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至电芯A所在电池模组之外的电池模组。一实施方式中，还可以同时控制电压转换器DCDC1来实现将第二电芯组的电量转移至电芯A所在电池模组之外的电池模组。电压转换器DCDC1为双向电压转换器。
当需要通过能量转移电路140将第一电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统10连接的负载电路20或电池系统中的其他电芯时，电池管理装置130具体用于：控制第一电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关S1闭合，第二开关S2断开，以使第二电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至负载电路或其他电芯。
本申请一些实施方式中，当电芯A和第一电芯组中任一个电芯断路时，电池管理装置130 还用于控制与该电芯对应的开关组的第二开关S2闭合。由于已经发生热失控的电芯，在热失控持续进行过程中，可能会形成大规模内部短路，造成与外部电路断开，将发生断路的电芯对应的第一开关S1断开，第二开关S2闭合，可以将断路电芯隔离开来，防止故障扩散，只对其他需要执行能量转移的电芯进行快速能量转移。
继续参见图9，本申请一具体实施方式中，当判断电池模组2中的电池2发生热失控，且确定需要对电池模组2中的电池1、电池2和电池3进行能量转移。此时，闭合电池模组2中电池1、电池2和电池3对应的开关S1，断开开关S2。同时，断开电池模组2中电池4至电池m对应的开关S1，闭合开关S2。这样，电池1、电池2和电池3构成了一个小型的联合储能单元，可以通过大功率DCDC变压器(即DCDC1)与主功率回路直连，实现快速的能量转移，可以是将能量转移给负载电路20或电池模组2之外的其他电池模组(如电池模组1)。需要注意的是，由于电池2是已经发生热失控的电芯，在热失控持续进行过程中，可能会形成大规模内部短路，与电池1和电池3断路。当发生这种情况时，可将电池2的开关S1断开，S2闭合。将电池2隔离开来，只对电池1和电池3进行快速能量转移。当电池1至电池3的SOC降低至目标SOC或以下时，热失控的影响范围将被限制在电池1至电池3之间，不会造成系统性风险。
本申请另一些实施方式中，能量转移电路140可以是包括均衡电路，具体可以是电感式均衡电路、电容式均衡电路、变压器式均衡电路等形式。在电池正常工作时，均衡电路可定向地对某一电芯进行放电，实现不同电芯之间的SOC均衡，当识别到系统中有电芯发生热失控时，可以复用该均衡电路的能量转移路径转移需要执行能量转移的电芯的能量。
一实施方式中，如图10所示，能量转移电路包括多个DCDC变压器(即DCDC2)，多个DCDC变压器为双向DCDC变压器，多个DCDC变压器与至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，多个DCDC变压器中的每个DCDC变压器的两个第一端分别连接到与该DCDC变压器对应的电芯的两端，每个DCDC变压器的两个第二端并联连接到负载电路20。
该实施方式中，在通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统10连接的负载电路20时，电池管理装置130具体用于：
控制第二电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使第二电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至负载电路。
本申请实施方式中，在通过能量转移电路140将第二电芯组中的电量转移到电池系统10中的其他电芯时，电池管理装置130具体用于：
控制第二电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，且所述电池系统中的其他电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第二工作状态，以使第二电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至电池系统中的其他电芯。
当需要通过能量转移电路140将第一电芯组中的电量转移到与电池系统10连接的负载电路20时，电池管理装置130还用于：控制第一电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使第一电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至负载电路。
当需要通过能量转移电路140将第一电芯组中的电量转移到电池系统10中的其他电芯时，电池管理装置130还用于：控制第一电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使第一电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至电池系统中的其他电芯。
DCDC(DC/DC)变压器是将某一电压等级的直流电源变换其他电压等级直流电源的装置。DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态即处于对电芯放电状态，使对应电芯处于对外放电的状态，DCDC变压器处于第二工作状态即处于对电芯充电状态，使对应电芯处于充电状态。图 10中的能量转移电路也可通过DCDC2实现主动均衡功能。在电池正常工作时，能量转移电路定向地对某一电芯进行放电，实现不同电芯之间的SOC均衡。
本申请实施方式中，需要执行能量转移的电芯的电量可以是转移给电网或空调等其他负载，也可以是转移给电池系统中的不在热失控影响范围内的其他电芯，其他电芯可以是包括与热失控电芯同一电池模组中的电芯，也可以包括与热失控电芯不在同一电池模组中的电芯。具体接收能量转移的电芯数量可以根据实际需要而定。在一些实施例中，由于需要转移的能量较多，接受能量转移的电芯容量不够时，需要补充选择其他能量转移接受对象。
本申请实施例提供的电池系统10，具体可以是锂离子电池系统。锂离子电池依靠锂离子在正极和负极之间移动实现化学能与电能相互转化，通常包括电极、隔膜、电解质、外壳和端子等，并被设计成可充电。本申请实施例的电池系统，可以在电池系统中有电芯发生热失控时，确定需要执行能量转移的电芯，并通过能量转移电路将需要执行能量转移的电芯的电量转移至与电池系统连接的负载电路或电池系统中的其他电芯，抑制热失控蔓延，将热失控控制在较小范围，降低系统性热失控风险，提高电池系统的安全性能。
参见图11，本申请实施例还提供一种储能系统100，该储能系统100包括电池系统10。储能系统100还可以包括发电系统40，发电系统40可为电池系统10提供电能，电池系统10可用于存储发电系统40提供的电能。发电系统40例如可以是光伏发电系统、风力发电系统等。本申请实施例中，储能系统100具体可以是电站储能系统、户用储能系统、电动车储能系统等各种常规形式的储能系统。其中，图12为本申请一实施方式中，电站储能系统的结构示意图。图中实线连接线表示能量流(功率线)，虚线连接线表示信号流，DC/AC为直流/交流变换器，箱变为箱式变电站。
本申请实施例还提供一种车辆，该车辆利用本申请实施例上述提供的电池系统10供电。电池系统10采用充电设备进行充电。车辆的具体结构形式不限，例如可以是小轿车、巴士等。
下面分多个实施例对本申请实施例进行进一步的说明。
实施例1
电池系统包括100Ah电芯组成的12串电池模组(如图5所示)，电芯当前SOC为70％。本实施例抑制电池热失控蔓延的方法包括：
S101、对所用100Ah电芯建立电芯热失控模型，对12串电池系统建立热失控蔓延模型；
S102、获取1#至12#每一个电芯的热失控指标实时监测值，识别到电池模组2中的6#电池温升速度超过预设阈值，判断6#电池发生热失控；
S103、获取目标SOC，根据电芯的当前SOC、目标SOC、能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间；以及根据转移时间、以及热失控蔓延至各电芯的时间确定需要执行能量转移的电芯；
具体地，根据热失控蔓延模型获知电芯SOC降至60％时，可以完全抑制热失控蔓延，则确定目标SOC为60％；电池系统支持的能量转移电流为200A，每一电芯的当前SOC均为70％，电芯电量若要降至60％，则至少需要转移(70％-60％)×100Ah＝10Ah的电量至热失控影响范围外的其他电芯或者负载电路。转移10Ah的电量需要的转移时间为：t＝10Ah/200A＝0.05h＝3min＝180s。
根据电池热失控蔓延模型得到SOC为70％时热失控蔓延速度，具体如图13所示。从图13可知，当1#电芯热失控时，热失控蔓延至2#电芯，即邻近的第1颗电芯需要的时间为320s，从而获知当电芯SOC为70％时，从热失控电芯蔓延到邻近的第一颗电芯的时间为320s。该 时间大于上述转移时间180s，因此电池系统有足够的时间在6#电芯热失控蔓延到邻近的5#电芯和7#电芯前，通过能量转移电路将5#和7#电芯的SOC降至目标SOC(60％)以下，从而阻断热失控蔓延过程，将热失控的影响范围控制在5#、6#和7#电芯局部范围内，不至于造成系统性安全风险。因此，将5#、6#和7#电芯的能量转移至系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。可选地，也可以是仅将与6#电芯邻近的5#和7#电芯的能量转移至系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。
S104、通过能量转移电路将需要执行能量转移的电芯的能量转移到负载电路或其他电芯，当5#和7#电池的SOC降低至目标SOC以下，热失控蔓延得到抑制。能量转移电路可以是如图9或图10所示的结构。
具体地，能量转移电路为图10所示的结构时，可控制与5#、6#和7#电芯相对应的DCDC2处于使5#、6#和7#电芯对外放电的状态，使5#、6#和7#电芯的电量转移至负载电路。也可以是控制与5#、6#和7#电芯相对应的DCDC2处于使5#、6#和7#电芯对外放电的状态，同时控制电池模组2中1#至4#，8#至12#电芯相对应的DCDC2处于对这些电芯充电的状态，使5#、6#和7#电芯的电量转移至1#至4#，8#至12#电芯。还可以是将5#、6#和7#电芯的电量转移至不同模组(如电池模组1)中的电芯。另一实施例中，也可以是仅将5#电芯和7#电芯的能量转移至电池系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。其他一些实施例中，还可以将4#、5#、6#、7#和8#电芯的电量转移至电池系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。能量转移电路为图9所示的结构时，可控制与5#、6#和7#电芯相对应的第一开关S1闭合，第二开关S2断开，且控制电池系统中的其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关S1断开，第二开关S2闭合，使5#、6#和7#电芯的电量转移至负载电路。
实施例2
电池系统包括100Ah电芯组成的12串电池模组(如图4所示)，电芯当前SOC为90％。本实施例抑制电池热失控蔓延的方法包括：
S101、对所用100Ah电芯建立电芯热失控模型，对12串电池系统建立热失控蔓延模型；
S102、获取1#～12#每一个电芯的热失控指标实时监测值，识别到电池模组2中6#电池温升速度超过预设阈值，判断6#电池发生热失控；
S103、获取目标SOC，根据电芯的当前SOC、目标SOC、能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间；以及根据转移时间、以及热失控蔓延至各电芯的时间确定需要执行能量转移的电芯；
具体地，根据热失控蔓延模型获知电芯SOC降至60％时，可以完全抑制热失控蔓延，则确定目标SOC为60％；电池系统支持的能量转移电流为200A，每一电芯的当前SOC均为70％，电芯电量若要降至60％，则至少需要转移(90％-60％)×100Ah＝30Ah的电量至热失控影响范围外的其他电芯或者负载电路。转移30Ah的电量需要的转移时间为：t＝30Ah/200A＝0.15h＝9min＝540s。
根据电池热失控蔓延模型得到SOC为90％时热失控蔓延速度，如图14所示，从图14可知，当1#电芯热失控时，热失控蔓延至2#电芯、3#电芯、4#电芯的时间分别为240s、425s、620s，从而获知当电芯SOC为90％时，从热失控电芯蔓延到邻近的第一颗电芯、第二颗电芯、第三颗电芯的时间分别为240s、425s、620s。其中蔓延至第二颗电芯的时间小于上述转移时间540s，而蔓延至第三颗电芯的时间大于上述转移时间540s，因此电池系统没有足够的时间在6#电芯热失控蔓延到邻近的4#和8#电芯前，通过能量转移电路将4#和8#电芯的SOC降至目标SOC(60％)以下。但有足够的时间在热失控蔓延到邻近的3#和9#电芯前，将3#和 9#电芯的SOC降至目标SOC(60％)以下，从而阻断热失控蔓延，将热失控的影响范围控制在3#至9#电芯局部范围内，不至于造成系统性安全风险。因此，将3#至9#(即3#、4#、5#、6#、7#、8#和9#电芯)电芯能量转移至系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。可选地，也可以是仅将3#和9#电芯能量转移至系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。
S104、通过能量转移电路将需要执行能量转移的电芯的能量转移到负载电路或其他电芯，当3#和9#电芯电池的SOC降低至目标SOC以下，热失控蔓延得到抑制。能量转移电路可以是如图9或图10所示的结构。
具体地，能量转移电路为图10所示的结构时，可以是控制与3#至9#电芯相对应的DCDC2处于使3#至9#电芯对外放电的状态，使3#至9#电芯的电量转移至负载电路。也可以是控制与3#至9#电芯相对应的DCDC2处于使3#至9#电芯对外放电的状态，同时控制电池模组2中的1#至2#，10#至12#电芯相对应的DCDC2处于对这些电芯充电的状态，使3#至9#电芯电芯的电量转移至1#至2#，10#至12#电芯。还可以是将3#至9#电芯的电量转移至不同模组(如电池模组1)中的电芯。另一实施例中，也可以是仅将3#电芯和9#电芯的能量转移至系统内的其他电芯或者负载电路。能量转移电路为图9所示的结构时，可控制与3#至9#电芯相对应的第一开关S1闭合，第二开关S2断开，且控制电池系统中的其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关S1断开，第二开关S2闭合，使3#至9#电芯的电量转移至负载电路。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池系统包括：至少一个电池模组、电池管理装置和能量转移电路，其中，所述至少一个电池模组中的每个电池模组包括至少两个电芯，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；
    所述电池管理装置用于当电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制所述能量转移电路以使目标电芯组的电芯通过所述能量转移电路对所述电池系统中的其他电芯和/或与所述电池系统连接的负载电路放电，以实现电量转移，所述电芯A为所述至少一个电池模组中的任一电芯，所述目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯，所述其他电芯为所述电芯A所在电池模组中除去所述电芯A和所述目标电芯组以外的电芯，和/或所述电芯A所在电池模组以外的其他电池模组中的电芯。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述热失控指标的监测值包括电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、烟雾浓度的监测值中的一个或多个。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述预设阈值包括电压变化率的阈值、温度的阈值、温升速率的阈值、易燃易爆气体浓度的阈值、烟雾浓度的阈值中的一个或多个。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述能量转移电路包括多个开关组，所述多个开关组与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，每一所述开关组包括第一开关和第二开关，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
    所述多个开关组中每个开关组的第一开关和与该开关组对应的电芯串联，该开关组中的第二开关和与该开关组对应的电芯并联。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到与所述电池系统连接的负载电路时，具体用于：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述电池系统中的所述其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，使所述目标电芯组的电量向所述负载电路转移。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到所述电池系统中的其他电池模组时，具体用于：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述其他电池模组中的电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，使所述目标电芯组的电量向所述其他电池模组转移。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置还用于：
    当所述电芯A或所述目标电芯组中任一个电芯断路时，控制与该电芯对应的开关组的第二开关闭合。
  8. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述能量转移电路包括多个DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器为双向DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
    所述多个DCDC变压器中的每个DCDC变压器的两个第一端分别连接到与该DCDC变压器对应的电芯的两端，所述每个DCDC变压器的两个第二端并联连接到所述负载电路。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将目标电芯组中的电量转移到与所述电池系统连接的负载电路时，具体用于：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述负载电路。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置在通过所述能量转移电路将目标电芯组中的电量转移到所述电池系统中的其他电芯时，具体用于：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，且控制所述电池系统中的其他电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第二工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述电池系统中的其他电芯。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述目标电芯组包括能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述目标电芯组包括第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述目标电芯组还包括第一电芯组，所述第一电芯组包括因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
    因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置还用于：
    当所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
    根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述转移时间包括所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第二时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
    当所述第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
  17. 根据权利要求15所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述转移时间包括所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第一时间和第二时间，所述第一时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
    当所述第一时间小于所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且所述第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
    因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且不能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置还用于：
    当所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
    根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述转移时间包括所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间和所述第n颗电芯的转移时间，所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间包括第一时间和第二时间，所述第一时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n-1颗电芯所需时间，所述第二时间为所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的第n颗电芯所需时间，所述根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组，具体包括：
    当所述第一时间小于所述第n-1颗电芯的转移时间，且第二时间大于所述第n颗电芯的转移时间时，确定所述第一电芯组和所述第二电芯组，其中，所述第一电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第1颗至第n-1颗电芯中的至少一个，所述第二电芯组包括与所述电芯A邻近的第n颗电芯。
  21. 根据权利要求1-20任一项所述的电池系统，其特征在于，所述电池系统还包括电池监测装置，所述电池监测装置与所述电池管理装置和所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；
    所述电池监测装置用于监测获得每一所述电芯的所述热失控指标的监测值。
  22. 一种控制电池系统热失控蔓延的方法，其特征在于，所述方法应用于电池系统，所述电池系统包括：至少一个电池模组、电池管理装置和能量转移电路，其中，所述至少一个电池模组中的每个电池模组包括至少两个电芯，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接；所述方法包括：
    所述电池管理装置用于当电芯A的热失控指标的监测值大于或等于预设阈值时，控制所述能量转移电路以使目标电芯组的电芯通过所述能量转移电路对所述电池系统中的其他电芯或与所述电池系统连接的负载电路放电，以实现电量转移，所述电芯A为所述至少一个电池模组中的任一电芯，所述目标电芯组为电芯A所在的电池模组中的至少一个电芯，所述其他电芯为所述电芯A所在电池模组中除去所述电芯A和所述目标电芯组以外的电芯，和/或所述电芯A所在电池模组以外的其他电池模组中的电芯。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电芯A的热失控指标的监测值包括电压变化率的监测值、温度的监测值、温升速率的监测值、易燃易爆气体浓度的监测值、烟雾浓度的监测值中的一个或多个。
  24. 根据权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述能量转移电路包括多个开关组，所述多个开关组与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，每一所述开关组包括第一开关和第二开关，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
    所述多个开关组中每个开关组的第一开关和与该开关组对应的电芯串联，该开关组中的 第二开关和与该开关组对应的电芯并联。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述负载电路，具体包括：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述电池系统中所述其他电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关断开，第二开关闭合，以使所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到与所述电池系统连接的负载电路；
    所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述电池系统中的其他电池模组，具体包括：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的开关组的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，且控制所述电池系统中的所述其他电池模组中的电芯对应的开关组中的第一开关闭合，第二开关断开，以使所述目标电芯组中的电量转移到所述电池系统中的其他电池模组。
  26. 根据权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述能量转移电路包括多个DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器为双向DCDC变压器，所述多个DCDC变压器与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯一一对应，所述能量转移电路与所述至少一个电池模组中的电芯连接，包括：
    所述多个DCDC变压器中的每个DCDC变压器的两个第一端分别连接到与该DCDC变压器对应的电芯的两端，所述每个DCDC变压器的两个第二端并联连接到所述负载电路。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述负载电路，具体包括：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述负载电路；
    所述电池管理装置控制通过所述能量转移电路转移目标电芯组的电量至所述其他电芯，具体包括：
    控制所述目标电芯组中每个电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第一工作状态，且控制所述电池系统中的其他电芯对应的DCDC变压器处于第二工作状态，以使所述目标电芯组中每个电芯中的电量转移至所述电池系统中的其他电芯。
  28. 根据权利要求22-27任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标电芯组包括第二电芯组，所述第二电芯组包括因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使热失控不再蔓延的电芯，具体包括：
    因所述电芯A热失控蔓延导致热失控，且能够在热失控蔓延至该电芯之前通过所述能量转移电路转移电量使电芯的SOC降至目标SOC或以下的电芯；所述目标SOC为在电芯发生热失控的情况下热失控不再蔓延时的SOC。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电池管理装置还用于：
    在所述电芯A发生热失控时，根据所述电芯A所在电池模组中的电芯的当前SOC、所述目标SOC、所述能量转移电路的转移电流和电芯的容量确定转移时间，所述转移时间为将电芯中的电量从当前SOC降到所述目标SOC所需时间；
    根据所述转移时间和所述电芯A热失控蔓延至邻近的电芯的时间确定所述第二电芯组。
  31. 一种储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能系统包括发电系统和根据权利要求1-21任一项所述的电池系统，所述发电系统为所述电池系统提供电能，所述电池系统用于存储所述发 电系统提供的电能。
  32. 一种车辆，其特征在于，所述车辆包括权利要求1-21任一项所述的电池系统，所述电池系统为所述车辆供电。
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