WO2022227990A1

WO2022227990A1 - Control method for washing and drying integrated machine, storage medium, and washing and drying integrated machine

Info

Publication number: WO2022227990A1
Application number: PCT/CN2022/083681
Authority: WO
Inventors: 王秀丽; 邴进东
Original assignee: 海尔智家股份有限公司; 青岛海尔滚筒洗衣机有限公司
Priority date: 2021-04-29
Filing date: 2022-03-29
Publication date: 2022-11-03
Also published as: CN115262164A

Abstract

A control method for a washing and drying integrated machine, a storage medium, and a washing and drying integrated machine. The present invention aims to solve the problem of the existing washing and drying integrated machines easily causing excessive drying or incomplete drying of clothes when executing a drying function. To this end, the washing and drying integrated machine comprises a washing drum and a drying drum, and shares a computer board. The control method comprises: during the operational process of a washing function, determining clothes information of washed clothes; determining a drying curve on the basis of the clothes information; after the washing function is finished, selectively jumping to a drying program corresponding to the clothes information; and executing a drying function on the basis of the drying curve. By using the control method, a drying time and a drying temperature of clothes can be accurately determined, and the phenomenon of excessive drying or incomplete drying of clothes is avoided. Meanwhile, a user can also selectively execute the drying function according to his/her own desire, such that the washing and drying integrated machine is more intelligent.

Description

Control method, storage medium, and washer-drying all-in-one machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of an integrated washing and drying machine, and specifically provides a control method of the integrated washing and drying machine, a storage medium and the integrated washing and drying machine.

Background technique

With the improvement of the quality of life, a washer-dryer machine with a vertical structure of two cylinders arranged up and down has begun to appear on the market.

In a fast-paced life, people wash clothes by using the washing function of the washer-dryer machine, and directly dry the clothes after washing, so as to achieve the purpose of using the clothes quickly. However, in the prior art, washing and drying the laundry in the washer-drying machine requires the user to select programs to operate, which is cumbersome, and the information on the laundry cannot be accurately performed when the washer-drying machine performs the drying function. Therefore, the judgment of the drying time of the clothes is inaccurate, and the phenomenon of over-drying or not drying of the clothes is caused.

Correspondingly, there is a need in the art for a new control method, storage medium and all-in-one washer-drying machine to solve the problem that when the existing all-in-one washer-drying machine performs the drying function, it is easy to cause over-drying or non-drying of clothes. The problem.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, that is, in order to solve the problem of over-drying or non-drying of clothes when the existing washing-drying machine performs the drying function, the present invention provides an integrated washing-drying machine. A control method, the washer-drying machine includes a washing drum and a drying drum, the washer-drying machine shares a computer board, and the control method includes: during the operation of the washing function, determining the clothes information of the clothes to be washed; The laundry information determines a drying curve; after the washing function ends, selectively jumps to a drying program corresponding to the laundry information; and executes a drying function based on the drying curve.

In the preferred technical solution of the control method for the above-mentioned integrated washing and drying machine, the step of "selectively jumping to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information after the washing function ends" further includes: After the washing function ends, determine whether the washing and drying linkage function is enabled; when the determination result is "Yes", jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information.

In a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned control method for an all-in-one washing-drying machine, the clothing information includes clothing material and initial moisture content of the washed clothing after dehydration.

In a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned control method of an integrated washing and drying machine, the integrated washing and drying machine includes a water inlet valve and a water level sensor, the water inlet valve is communicated with the washing tub, and the water level sensor is provided in the washing machine On the tub, the step of “determining the laundry information of the laundry to be washed during the operation of the washing function” further includes: controlling the water inlet valve to open; when the amount of water in the washing tub reaches a preset amount, controlling the The water inlet valve is closed; the real-time water level is acquired; the water absorption amount of the clothes is determined based on the real-time water level and the first preset water level; the clothes material is determined based on the water absorption amount of the clothes.

In the preferred technical solution of the control method for the above-mentioned washing-drying machine, the step of "determining the laundry information of the laundry to be washed during the operation of the washing function" further includes: acquiring the weight of the dry laundry in the washing tub; acquiring the weight of the laundry to be washed The first wet clothes weight after the laundry is dehydrated; the initial moisture content of the washed laundry after dehydration is determined based on the dry clothes weight and the first wet clothes weight.

In a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned control method for an integrated washing-drying machine, the step of “determining the initial moisture content of the washed clothes after dehydration based on the dry clothes weight and the first wet clothes weight” further includes: using the following The method shown in the formula calculates the initial moisture content:

Wherein, W is the initial moisture content; G ₂ is the weight of the first wet clothes, and G ₁ is the weight of the dry clothes.

In a preferred technical solution of the above-mentioned control method of the integrated washing and drying machine, the integrated washing and drying machine includes a water inlet valve, a water discharge valve and a water level sensor, and the water inlet valve and the water discharge valve are communicated with the washing tub, so The water level sensor is provided on the washing tub, and the step of "determining the laundry information of the laundry to be washed during the operation of the washing function" further includes: acquiring the dry clothes weight in the washing tub; controlling the water inlet valve to open ; When the water in the washing tub reaches the second preset water level, control the water inlet valve to close, and control the drain valve to open; when the water level in the washing tub is zero, obtain the information in the washing tub The second wet clothes weight is determined; the water absorption rate of the clothes is determined based on the second wet clothes weight and the dry clothes weight; the clothes material is determined based on the water absorption rate.

In a preferred technical solution of the control method for the above-mentioned washing-drying machine, the control method further includes the following steps: within a preset time before the washing function ends, controlling the preheating function to start, so as to control the drying drum. Preheat.

The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium in which a plurality of program codes are stored, characterized in that the program codes are adapted to be loaded and run by a processor to perform the washing process described in any one of the above technical solutions. The control method of the drying machine.

The present invention also provides an all-in-one washing and drying machine, comprising: a processor; a memory, where the memory is adapted to store a plurality of program codes, and the program codes are adapted to be loaded and run by the processor to execute the above technical solutions The control method of any one of the all-in-one washing and drying machines.

It can be understood by those skilled in the art that in the technical solution of the present invention, the integrated washing and drying machine includes a washing drum and a drying drum, and the integrated washing and drying machine shares a computer board. Clothes information of the clothing; determine the drying curve based on the clothing information; after the washing function ends, selectively jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothing information; execute the drying function based on the drying curve.

When the user puts the dehydrated clothes into the drying drum, the recorded results stored in the washing process can be called, and the recorded results can be mapped to the drying curve, so as to realize the drying time and drying temperature of the clothes. Accurate judgment to avoid the phenomenon of over-drying or under-drying of clothes. At the same time, users can also selectively perform the drying function according to their own wishes, making the washer and dryer more intelligent.

Description of drawings

The control method, storage medium, and all-in-one washer and dryer of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the attached picture:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the main steps of the control method of the all-in-one dryer of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust it as needed to adapt to specific applications.

It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, the terms “upper”, “lower”, etc. indicate the direction or positional relationship only for the convenience of description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element must have a specific orientation , are constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed to indicate or imply relative importance.

First of all, the structure of the two-cylinder integrated washing and drying machine is briefly described. The integrated washing and drying machine includes a washing drum, a drying drum and a drying air duct. Usually, the washing drum and the drying drum are arranged up and down, and the drying There is a heating system in the air duct. The heating system can be a heat pump system (evaporator, condenser, compressor and expansion valve). The drying air duct and drying cylinder can realize gas circulation under the action of the fan in the drying air duct. , to achieve drying of clothes. The clothes are placed in the washing tub for washing. The washing tub is provided with a water inlet valve, a water outlet valve and a water level sensor. The water inlet valve and the water outlet valve are connected with the washing tub. The water inlet valve is used to control the entry of external water sources, and the water outlet valve is used for In order to control the discharge of washing water in the washing tub, the water level sensor is used to detect the water level in the washing tub.

In order to solve the problem of over-drying or not drying the clothes when the existing washing and drying machine performs the drying function, the washing and drying machine of the present invention includes a washing drum and a drying drum, and the washing and drying machine shares one. Computer board; wherein, the washer-drying machine shares a setting method of a computer board, and the information stored and obtained by the washer-drying machine during the washing process can be used to provide data support for the drying operation, wherein the information stored in the washing process can be used. It is obtained when the machine is running when the laundry is placed in the washing tub. When the laundry is placed in the drying tub, the washer-drying machine can perform the drying function based on the shared data information, avoiding the need for the user to manually select the drying function. The drying program causes inaccurate judgment of the drying time and drying temperature of the clothes, and avoids complicated operation steps, which saves the user's time in a fast-paced life.

As shown in Figure 1, the control method of the integrated washing and drying machine of the present invention comprises the following steps:

Step S100: During the running process of the washing function, the laundry information of the laundry to be washed is determined.

As a possible implementation manner, the clothes information includes the clothes material and the initial moisture content of the washed clothes after dehydration. When the washing function is running, the determined clothing material and initial moisture content will be recorded on the computer board.

When the washing-drying machine of the present invention runs the washing function, the determination of the material of the clothes to be washed includes a variety of determination methods. The following two determination methods are used as examples to illustrate:

The steps of the first determination method include: controlling the water inlet valve to open; when the water inlet amount in the washing tub reaches the preset water amount, controlling the water inlet valve to close; acquiring the real-time water level; and determining the water absorption of the clothes based on the real-time water level and the first preset water level amount; the fabric material is determined based on the amount of water absorbed by the garment.

Wherein, the first preset water level refers to the water level corresponding to the preset amount of water entering the washing tub when no laundry is put into the washing tub. It can be understood that the preset amount of water is the amount of water initially introduced into the washing tub. When the preset amount of water enters the washing tub, the amount of water sucked into the laundry varies due to the different materials of the laundry in the washing tub. The amount of water sucked into the laundry can be determined by the real-time water level and the first preset The water level is determined. As a possible implementation, the water absorption amount of the clothes can be determined by the difference between the real-time water level and the first preset water level, and then the material of the clothes to be washed can be roughly classified according to the water absorption amount of the clothes. For example, when the clothes are washed When the material of the clothing is down jacket, the down jacket floats on the washing water in the washing tub, and its water absorption is close to zero; or the polyester fabric has poor water absorption, the difference between the real-time water level and the first preset water level is small; The water absorption of clothes such as cotton or sweater is better, and the difference between the real-time water level and the first preset water level is larger, so that the water absorption of the clothes can be divided into levels, and each level corresponds to different clothing materials; of course The water absorption can also be determined through other empirical formulas, or through the first preset water level, the comparison table of the real-time water level and the water absorption. Low, only one water level sensor is required. Further, the more subdivided materials can be determined by the water absorption of the laundry and the dry weight of the laundry, for example, by using a comparison table, that is, by the water absorption of the laundry and the dry weight of the laundry The weight determines the clothing material to which it corresponds.

The steps of the second determination method include: acquiring the weight of dry clothes in the washing tub; controlling the water inlet valve to open; when the water in the washing tub reaches the second preset water level, controlling the water inlet valve to close and the drain valve to open; When the water level in the washing tub is zero, the second wet clothes weight in the washing tub is obtained; the water absorption rate of the clothes is determined based on the second wet clothes weight and the dry clothes weight; the clothes material is determined based on the water absorption rate.

The amount of water entering the washing tub needs to reach the second preset water level. The second preset water level should be able to ensure that the clothes can completely absorb enough water, so as to avoid insufficient water absorption due to the excessive volume of the clothes, which will lead to the deterioration of the clothes material. misjudgment. When the clothes to be washed absorb enough water, you can start to wash the clothes at this time. After washing the clothes, open the drain valve. After the water in the washing tub is completely drained, that is, when the water level in the washing tub is zero, you can obtain The second wet clothes weight after the clothes absorb enough water, and then the water absorption rate of the clothes is determined based on the second wet clothes weight and the dry clothes weight, and then the material of the clothes is determined based on the water absorption rate of the clothes. Of course, after reaching the second preset water level, the drain valve can be directly opened without washing the clothes to determine the second wet clothes weight. Among them, different clothing materials correspond to different water absorption rates. Therefore, the material of the clothing can be determined by the difference in the water absorption rate of the clothing. The above control method can more accurately determine the material of the clothing, and then obtain the matching drying temperature. Avoid over-drying or under-drying of clothes, and prevent clothes from being damaged. In addition, acquiring the dry laundry weight in the washing tub includes various methods, for example, acquiring the dry laundry weight by arranging a load cell on the drum. Or, by controlling the rotation of the motor to drive the washing tub to rotate at an acute angle, the washing tub returns to the initial position; calculate the work of driving the washing tub to rotate to the acute angle, and obtain the second wet clothes weight according to the work result, such as the dry clothes weight. The method is the same as the method of obtaining the dry clothes weight, and will not be repeated here.

In a word, the present invention obtains the material of the clothes through the water content of the clothes to be washed, the use cost of the washing and drying machine is low, and compared with the method of identifying the material of the clothes by means of RFID tags in the prior art, it has a wider range of The scope of application of the device, that is, all kinds of clothing can be identified, and the clothing material can be judged during the normal washing process, without affecting the washing process.

The following describes the control method for determining the initial moisture content of the laundry during the operation of the washing function.

The control method is: obtaining the dry clothes weight in the washing tub; obtaining the first wet clothes weight after dehydration of the washed clothes; determining the initial moisture content of the washed clothes after dehydration based on the dry clothes weight and the first wet clothes weight. The first wet clothes weight after dehydration may be the first wet clothes weight obtained after the clothes are washed and dried, that is, the state of the clothes before the clothes are dried, so as to perform more precise drying control. , the method of obtaining the weight of the laundry in the washing tub has been introduced, and will not be repeated here. Further, to obtain the initial moisture content of the laundry after dehydration, the following formula (1) can be used to determine:

In formula (1), W is the initial moisture content; G ₂ is the weight of the first wet clothes, and G ₁ is the weight of the dry clothes. Of course, obtaining the initial moisture content of the laundry after dehydration can also be determined in other ways, for example, determining the initial moisture content through a comparison table between the dry clothes weight, the first wet clothes weight and the initial moisture content, or through other methods The empirical formula is obtained etc.

Step S200: Determine a drying curve based on the laundry information.

When determining the drying curve, it is necessary to call the results recorded on the computer board. It should be noted that the determination of the drying curve can be determined during the execution of the drying program or during the execution of the washing program. As a preferred embodiment, the drying curve is determined based on the material of the clothes and the initial moisture content of the washed clothes. That is, different initial moisture contents and different clothing materials have corresponding drying curves. The abscissa of the drying curve is the drying time, and the ordinate is the drying temperature. The initial moisture content is used to determine the drying time of the clothes. The drying temperature change of the clothes is determined by the material combined with the drying time; specifically, the drying curve can have multiple drying stages, and the multiple drying stages and the temperature corresponding to each stage form a drying curve. The following is a specific implementation. Example: When the clothes are just dried, the water content of the clothes is relatively large, and the clothes may take more time to recover and deform. The dehydration speed should not be too fast, so the drying temperature should not be too high at this time; , the clothes can be dried quickly, so the drying temperature can be increased; after the clothes are basically dried, in order to avoid damage to the clothes, the temperature can be lowered slowly, and then the clothes can be shaped by maintaining a temperature. Wherein, the drying duration determined by the initial moisture content of the present invention corresponds to the duration of the drying temperature in each stage (the drying temperature in a certain stage may fluctuate, not necessarily maintaining a temperature), so that different The clothing information determines the most suitable drying curve. Compared with determining the drying curve only by the material, the control method of the present invention can accurately control the drying time of each clothing material, so as to prevent the clothing from drying or not drying. The phenomenon of over-drying occurs.

Step S300: After the washing function ends, selectively jump to a drying program corresponding to the clothes information.

Step S400: Execute the drying function based on the drying curve.

After the washing function is over, you can choose whether to jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information by judging whether the washing and drying linkage function is enabled; if the washing and drying linkage function is enabled, jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information. In the drying program, if the material of the laundry is down jacket, it will jump to the drying program with the material of down jacket. If the washing and drying linkage function is not enabled, the drying program is still selected by the user. Specifically, a washing-drying linkage selection button can be set on the washer-drying machine. When the user presses the button, the washing-drying linkage function is enabled. Under the condition that the washing-drying linkage function is enabled, the storage in the drying function can be called when the drying function is executed. The information on the computer board, for example, the initial moisture content and clothing material information stored on the computer board can be retrieved, and then the drying curve can be determined based on the initial moisture content and clothing material information, or the drying curve stored on the computer board can be directly retrieved. Dry curve information. Of course, there are other ways to determine whether the washing-drying linkage function is enabled. For example, the washer-drying machine sends a confirmation message to the smart terminal, and the user selects through the smart terminal whether to activate the washing-drying linkage function; or, it is selected by default when starting the washing program. When the washing and drying linkage function is executed, if the user does not cancel the washing and drying linkage function, after the washing function ends, it will jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information by default. The above-mentioned intelligent terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, etc., on which an APP is provided, and the intelligent terminal is directly or indirectly connected to the washing and drying machine through the APP in communication.

The advantage of the above setting method is that after the washing function ends, the control method of the present invention can choose whether to automatically execute the drying function according to the user's wishes. To take the clothes after drying, if you want to dry the clothes in time, you can disable the washing-drying linkage function. When the user wants to dry the clothes, after the washing function ends, the washer-drying machine automatically performs the drying function, and the user does not need to select the drying program again, which is convenient and fast. By taking the clothes information stored in the washing process on the computer board, it can accurately control the drying temperature and drying time, avoid the phenomenon of clothes being over-dried or not drying, and protect the clothes and avoid damage to the clothes. .

Further, in a possible implementation, the control method further includes the following steps:

In a preset time before the end of the washing function, the preheating function is controlled to start to preheat the drying drum.

After the washing function is over, since the drying drum has been preheated in advance, when the laundry is put into the drying drum, for the heat pump washer-dryer, the heat-pump washer-dryer heats up slowly, while The control method of the present invention can make the heat pump reach the highest drying efficiency at this time, and greatly reduce the drying time.

To sum up, the control method of the integrated washing and drying machine of the present invention can share the data of the drying program and the washing program, so as to provide accurate data support for the drying work, realize the accurate drying of the clothes, and avoid the Clothes do not dry or are over-dried.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust the above structures without departing from the principles of the present invention, so as to The present invention can be applied to more specific application scenarios.

In addition, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which a plurality of program codes are stored, and the program codes are adapted to be loaded and run by a processor to execute the control of the washer-dryer machine described in any of the above embodiments. method.

In addition, the present invention also provides an all-in-one washing and drying machine, the all-in-one washing and drying machine includes a processor; a memory, the memory is adapted to store a plurality of program codes, and the program codes are adapted to be loaded and run by the processor to execute any of the above implementations The control method of the washing and drying machine described in the method.

Finally, it should be noted that although the present invention is described by taking the integrated washing and drying machine as an example for washing and drying clothes, the integrated washing and drying machine of the present invention can obviously also be applied to washing and drying other items. For example, the washer-dryer can also be used to wash and dry shoes, etc.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the above-mentioned all-in-one washing and drying machine also includes some other well-known structures, such as a processor, a controller, a memory, etc., wherein the memory includes but is not limited to random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory , volatile memory, non-volatile memory, serial memory, parallel memory or registers, etc., processors include but are not limited to CPLD/FPGA, DSP, ARM processor, MIPS processor, etc. These well-known structures are not shown in the drawings in order to unnecessarily obscure the embodiments of the present disclosure.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, although each step is described according to the above-mentioned order, those skilled in the art can understand that, in order to realize the effect of this embodiment, different steps need not be performed in this order, and it can be performed simultaneously ( (parallel) or in a reversed order, for example, after the washing function ends, the step of determining the drying curve based on the laundry information may be performed after selectively jumping to the step of the drying program corresponding to the laundry information. Simple variations are within the scope of the present invention.

So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, however, those skilled in the art can easily understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A control method for an integrated washing and drying machine, characterized in that the integrated washing and drying machine includes a washing drum and a drying drum, the integrated washing and drying machine shares a computer board, and the control method includes:

During the running process of the washing function, determine the laundry information of the laundry;

determining a drying curve based on the laundry information;

After the washing function ends, selectively jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information;

A drying function is performed based on the drying curve.
The control method of an all-in-one washing and drying machine according to claim 1, wherein the step of "selectively jumping to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information after the washing function ends" further comprises the following steps: :

After the washing function ends, determine whether the washing and drying linkage function is enabled;

When the judgment result is "Yes", jump to the drying program corresponding to the clothes information.
The control method of an all-in-one washing and drying machine according to claim 1, wherein the clothes information includes clothes material and initial moisture content of the washed clothes after dehydration.
The control method of an integrated washing and drying machine according to claim 3, wherein the integrated washing and drying machine comprises a water inlet valve and a water level sensor, the water inlet valve is communicated with the washing tub, and the water level sensor is provided with On the washing tub, the step of "determining the laundry information of the laundry to be washed during the operation of the washing function" further includes:

controlling the water inlet valve to open;

When the water intake in the washing tub reaches a preset water amount, control the water intake valve to close;

Get real-time water level;

determining the water absorption amount of the laundry based on the real-time water level and the first preset water level;

The laundry material is determined based on the water absorption amount of the laundry.
The control method of an all-in-one washing and drying machine according to claim 3, wherein the step of "determining the laundry information of the laundry to be washed during the operation of the washing function" further comprises:

obtaining the dry clothes weight in the washing tub;

Obtain the weight of the first wet clothes after dehydration of the washed clothes;

The initial moisture content of the laundry after dehydration is determined based on the dry laundry weight and the first wet laundry weight.
The control method of an all-in-one washing and drying machine according to claim 5, wherein the step of "determining the initial moisture content of the laundry after dehydration based on the dry laundry weight and the first wet laundry weight" is further include:

The initial moisture content is calculated using the method shown in the following formula:

Wherein, W is the initial moisture content; G 2 is the weight of the first wet clothes, and G 1 is the weight of the dry clothes.
The control method of an integrated washing and drying machine according to claim 3, wherein the integrated washing and drying machine comprises a water inlet valve, a drain valve and a water level sensor, and the water inlet valve and the drain valve are connected to the washing machine. The water level sensor is arranged on the washing tub, and the step of “determining the laundry information of the laundry to be washed during the operation of the washing function” further includes:

obtaining the dry clothes weight in the washing tub;

controlling the water inlet valve to open;

When the water in the washing tub reaches the second preset water level, the water inlet valve is controlled to close,

controlling the drain valve to open;

When the water level in the washing tub is zero, obtain the weight of the second wet clothes in the washing tub;

determining a water absorption rate of the garment based on the second wet garment weight and the dry garment weight;

The clothing material is determined based on the water absorption rate.
The control method for an integrated washing and drying machine according to claim 1, wherein the control method further comprises the following steps:

In a preset time before the washing function ends, the preheating function is controlled to start, so as to preheat the drying drum.
A computer-readable storage medium storing a plurality of program codes, wherein the program codes are adapted to be loaded and run by a processor to execute the washer-dryer machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 control method.
An all-in-one washing and drying machine, characterized in that it includes:

processor;

The memory is adapted to store a plurality of program codes, and the program codes are adapted to be loaded and run by the processor to execute the control method of the washer-dryer machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8.