WO2022227629A1 - 入耳式耳机 - Google Patents

入耳式耳机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022227629A1
WO2022227629A1 PCT/CN2021/139473 CN2021139473W WO2022227629A1 WO 2022227629 A1 WO2022227629 A1 WO 2022227629A1 CN 2021139473 W CN2021139473 W CN 2021139473W WO 2022227629 A1 WO2022227629 A1 WO 2022227629A1
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Prior art keywords
sound
cavity
front cavity
unit
generating unit
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PCT/CN2021/139473
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王苗苗
郭晓冬
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion, in particular to an in-ear earphone.
  • the earphone includes a casing and a sounding unit arranged in the casing.
  • the sounding unit includes a magnetic circuit component and a vibration component.
  • the voice coil in the vibration component is connected to an external power supply through a voice coil lead, and the electrified voice coil is in the magnetic field of the magnetic circuit system. The force produces vibration, and the vibration of the voice coil drives the vibration of the diaphragm to resonate with the surrounding air to produce sound.
  • the in-ear headphones are perfectly coupled with the external auditory canal of the human ear, which brings the benefits of higher sensitivity and physical noise reduction.
  • one problem brought about by this structure is that the resonance of the external auditory canal changes after the earphone is installed, and the resonance frequency shifts. It brings a major loss to the frequency characteristics of the headphones.
  • the sound near 6kHz is emphasized due to the resonance mode of the closed tube at both ends, and it becomes a quasi-whistling state, which will cause the wearer to hear an abnormal buzzing sound.
  • the external auditory canal itself is an acoustic pipe with one end open to communicate with the outside air and one end closed by the eardrum, which is equivalent to one end closed and one end open, which can be simplified as a single-ended closed pipe.
  • the acoustic pipe has its own resonant frequency.
  • the dotted line indicates that the sound pressure level at the eardrum position has resonance peaks at 2.8-3.4 kHz and 8.5-10.2 kHz when the in-ear headphones are not worn.
  • the originally open end of the external auditory canal is blocked by the earphone.
  • the closed tube at both ends changes from a closed tube at both ends to a closed tube at both ends, which is referred to as an acoustic tube with closed ends.
  • the resonant frequencies of the acoustic pipe with closed pipes at both ends and the acoustic pipe with closed pipes at one end are different, as shown in the SPL curve shown by the solid line in Figure 11, the sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane position when wearing in-ear headphones is affected by the external auditory canal. Due to the influence of the resonance of the closed tube, the position of the resonance peak is shifted to the vicinity of 6kHz and 12kHz. Therefore, the sound near 6kHz is emphasized due to the resonance mode of the closed tube at both ends, and it becomes a quasi-whistle state, which will cause the wearer to hear a buzzing sound.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-ear earphone, which aims to solve the technical problem of abnormal sound heard by the user in some frequency bands due to the resonant frequency shift of the acoustic pipe in the closed state of both ends of the external auditory canal after wearing the in-ear earphone.
  • an in-ear earphone provided by the present invention includes a shell with a receiving space and a sound-emitting unit installed in the receiving space, and the sound-emitting unit divides the receiving space into an earphone front cavity and an earphone front cavity.
  • the sound-generating unit includes a housing with a sound-outlet hole and a sound-generating unit arranged in the housing;
  • a front acoustic cavity is formed between the vibrating membrane of the sound generating unit and the casing, and the sound outlet communicates with the front acoustic cavity and the front cavity of the earphone;
  • a concave cavity is provided on the inner wall of the housing facing the front acoustic cavity, and the opening of the concave cavity is sealed and covered with a vibrating diaphragm.
  • the acoustic structure composed of the front acoustic cavity, the concave cavity and the vibrating diaphragm, and 5.0 kHz ⁇ resonant frequency of the acoustic structure ⁇ 7.5 kHz.
  • the sound-generating unit includes two sound-generating units arranged in the housing, and the diaphragms of the two sound-generating units are arranged at relative intervals,
  • the housing includes a spacer arranged between the diaphragms of the two sound-emitting units, and the spacer divides the two sound-emitting units into a first front cavity and a second front cavity, so
  • the second front cavity is the front acoustic cavity
  • the concave cavity is formed concavely from the side of the septum facing the second front cavity to the first front cavity.
  • the sound outlet is communicated with the first front cavity
  • the spacer is provided with a ventilation hole that communicates with the first front cavity and the second front cavity, the ventilation hole is opened at the end of the spacer close to the sound outlet, and the second front cavity , the ventilation hole, the first front cavity and the sound outlet are communicated in sequence.
  • the casing further includes an upper casing and a lower casing disposed on opposite sides of the intermediate member, the upper casing accommodates a sound-emitting unit forming the first front cavity, and the lower casing accommodates a sound-emitting unit forming the first front cavity. the sounding unit of the second front cavity;
  • the spacer includes a partition plate and a hollow outer frame respectively arranged opposite to the sound-emitting unit, the outer peripheral side of the outer frame is respectively connected with the upper shell and the lower shell, and the outer circumference of the partition plate is The side is connected with the outer frame, and the baffle plate forms the concave cavity.
  • the baffle protrudes toward the first front cavity to form the concave cavity.
  • the vibration direction of the diaphragm of the sound generating unit is perpendicular to the sound exit direction of the sound exit hole.
  • one of the two sounding units is a bass sounding unit, and the other is a bass sounding unit or a high-pitched sounding unit.
  • the sound-generating unit forming the first front cavity with the spacer is a high-pitched sound-generating unit
  • the sound-generating unit forming the second front cavity with the spacer is a bass sound-generating unit.
  • the housing is further provided with a pressure equalizing hole communicating with the first front cavity and/or the second front cavity, and the pressure equalizing hole communicates with the earphone rear cavity.
  • a concave cavity is set on the inner wall of the shell of the sounding unit facing the front acoustic cavity, the opening of the concave cavity is sealed and covered with a vibrating diaphragm, the vibrating diaphragm and the air in the front acoustic cavity are in a parallel relationship, and by adjusting the vibrating membrane
  • the resonant frequency of the acoustic structure composed of the sheet, the front acoustic cavity and the concave cavity makes the resonant frequency f close to the resonant frequency of the acoustic pipe in the closed tube state of the external auditory canal when the human ear wears the in-ear earphone, so as to suppress the closed tube state at both ends.
  • the purpose of the acoustic pipe is to peak the resonant frequency while avoiding the overall volume reduction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an in-ear earphone according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of another embodiment of the in-ear headphones of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partially disassembled structure of a sounding unit in the embodiment of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a sounding unit in the embodiment of FIG. 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a sounding unit in the embodiment of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 6 is the impedance curve diagram of the sound generating unit of the in-ear earphone shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 7 is the sound pressure level curve diagram of human ear not wearing and wearing the in-ear headphones shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a proportion of a sounding monomer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the cross-sectional structure schematic diagram of another comparative example of the sounding monomer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is the frequency response curve diagram of the sounding monomer shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a sound pressure level curve diagram of the external auditory canal of the human ear when the in-ear earphone is not worn and the in-ear earphone in the prior art is worn.
  • the present invention provides an in-ear earphone 10 .
  • the in-ear earphone 10 includes a housing 101 with a receiving space and a sounding unit 100 installed in the receiving space, and the sounding unit 100 divides the receiving space into an earphone front cavity 103 and an earphone rear cavity 104;
  • the sounding unit 100 includes a housing 1 with a sound outlet 12 and a sounding unit 5 arranged in the housing 1 ; a front sound cavity is formed between the diaphragm 51 of the sounding unit 5 and the housing 1 54.
  • the front acoustic cavity 54 communicated with the earphone front cavity 103 through the sound outlet 12; the inner wall of the housing 1 facing the front acoustic cavity 54 is provided with a concave cavity 34, and the opening of the concave cavity 34 The seal is covered with a vibrating diaphragm 35 .
  • the acoustic structures described below are all acoustic structures composed of the front acoustic cavity 54 , the concave cavity 34 and the vibrating diaphragm 35 , and the impedance curve of the acoustic structure is a high-order model.
  • the resonant frequency, total sound compliance, and total sound quality of the acoustic structure can be calculated by the following formulas:
  • fb is the resonance frequency of the acoustic structure
  • Cb is the total sound compliance of the acoustic structure
  • Mb is the total sound quality of the acoustic structure
  • Cas is the equivalent sound compliance of the sound generating unit 5
  • Cap is the equivalent sound compliance of the vibrating diaphragm 35 and the concave cavity 34
  • Mas the equivalent sound quality of the vibration system of the sound generating unit 5
  • Mab is the equivalent sound quality of the air duct in the front acoustic cavity 54
  • Map is the vibrating diaphragm 35 equivalent sound quality.
  • the resonant frequency of the acoustic structure is related to the sounding unit 5, the vibrating diaphragm 35 and the concave cavity 34, etc.
  • the impedance curve of the acoustic structure forms two distinct peaks. Among them, the frequency of the crest with lower frequency can be denoted as fl, the frequency corresponding to the crest of higher frequency can be denoted as fh, and the position of the trough is denoted as fb, and fb is the front acoustic cavity 54, the recessed cavity 34 and the vibrating diaphragm 35
  • the resonant frequencies of the acoustic structure consisting of.
  • the resonant frequency of the acoustic structure can be changed to be close to the resonant frequency of the acoustic pipe in the closed state of the external auditory canal when the earphone 10 is worn by the human ear. Therefore, the resonant frequency fb in the trough state can achieve the purpose of suppressing the peak value of the resonant frequency of the acoustic pipe in the state of closed pipes at both ends, thereby reducing or eliminating the abnormal noise without reducing the overall volume. Please refer to FIG.
  • the front acoustic cavity 54 , the concave cavity 34 and the vibrating diaphragm 35 form an acoustic structure, and the resonance frequency of the acoustic structure is 5.0 kHz to 7.5 kHz. Due to individual differences, different human ears have different shapes of the ear canal.
  • the resonant frequency of the acoustic tube in the closed tube state of the external auditory canal when the human ear wears an in-ear headphone is between 5.0kHz and 7.5kHz, so Those skilled in the art can select the appropriate material and size of the vibrating diaphragm 35, and change the size of the front acoustic cavity 54, the size of the sounding unit 5, etc., to ensure that the front acoustic cavity, the recessed cavity 34 and the vibrating diaphragm 35 are composed of The resonance frequency of the acoustic structure is between 5.0kHz and 7.5kHz.
  • the sound-generating unit 100 includes two sound-generating units 5 arranged in the housing 1 , and the diaphragms 51 of the two sound-generating units 5 are arranged at a relative interval.
  • the housing 1 includes a spacer 3 arranged between the diaphragms 51 of the two sounding units 5, and the spacer 3 separates the two sounding units 5 into a first front cavity 52 and a second front cavity 54, the second front cavity 54 is the front acoustic cavity 54, and the recessed cavity 34 faces the first front cavity from the side of the septum 3 facing the second front cavity 54
  • the cavity 52 is recessed.
  • the sound outlet hole 12 communicates with the first front cavity 52 ; the spacer 3 is provided with a ventilation hole 32 that communicates with the first front cavity 52 and the second front cavity 54 .
  • the air hole 32 is opened at one end of the spacer 3 close to the sound outlet hole 12 , and the second front cavity 54 , the air hole 32 , the first front cavity 52 and the sound outlet hole 12 are communicated in sequence. .
  • the air flow directly passes through the sound outlet 12 to the outside, so that the outside receives the sound of the sound-emitting unit 5 forming the first front cavity 52; the sound that forms the second front cavity 54
  • the unit 5 vibrates and emits sound
  • the airflow first enters the first front cavity 52 through the vent hole 32 , and then reaches the outside through the sound outlet 12 , so that the outside receives the sound of the sound-emitting unit 5 forming the second front cavity 54 .
  • the ventilation holes 32 on the spacer 3 and the second front cavity 54 together produce the Helmholtz resonance effect, which can Expand the frequency bandwidth of the sounding unit 5 itself, and at the same time move its frequency division point to high frequencies;
  • the first front cavity 54 The part of 52 away from the sound hole 12 produces a Helmholtz resonance effect, which can expand the frequency bandwidth of the sounding unit 5 and move its crossover point to high frequencies. Therefore, the above design can improve the entire sounding unit 100 High frequency performance and ductility.
  • the difference between the comparative example shown in FIG. 8 and the sound-emitting device of the present invention is that in the comparative example shown in FIG. 8 , the spacer 3 does not have a vent hole 32 , and two sound-emitting devices
  • the unit 5 has an independent front cavity;
  • the difference between the comparative example shown in FIG. 9 and the sound-emitting device of the present invention is that in the comparative example shown in FIG. 9 , the spacer 3 is not provided, and the two sound-emitting units 5 share one anterior cavity.
  • the curve L2 is the frequency response curve of the sounding device of the comparative example shown in FIG.
  • the curve L3 is the frequency response curve of the sounding device of the comparative example shown in FIG. 9
  • the curve L1 is an implementation of the sounding device of the present invention.
  • Example frequency response curve It can be seen from the curve L1, the curve L2 and the curve L3 that in the high frequency part, the sound-emitting device provided by the present invention has a larger frequency bandwidth.
  • the casing 1 further includes an upper casing 11 and a lower casing 13 disposed on opposite sides of the spacer 3 , and the upper casing 11 accommodates and forms the first
  • the sounding unit 5 of the front cavity 52, the lower shell 13 accommodates the sounding unit 5 forming the second front cavity 54;
  • the outer frame 31 of the outer frame 31 is connected with the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 13 respectively, the outer peripheral side of the partition plate 33 is connected with the outer frame 31, and the partition plate 33 forms the recessed cavity 34 .
  • one of the two sounding units 5 is a bass sounding unit 5
  • the other is a bass sounding unit 5 or a high-pitched sounding unit 5 .
  • Those skilled in the art can choose what kind of sounding unit 5 the two sounding units 5 are respectively according to the needs.
  • a combination of the bass sounding unit 5 and the treble sounding unit 5 can be used; when it is necessary to enhance the bass effect to make the low frequency richer and fuller, a combination of dual bass sounding units 5 can be used.
  • the sounding unit 5 forming the first front cavity 52 with the spacer 3 is a high-pitched sounding unit 5
  • the sounding unit 5 forming the second front cavity 54 with the spacer 3 is a bass sounding unit 5
  • the bass sounding unit 5 has a larger amplitude, and has a greater thrust to the air in the second front cavity 54 when vibrating, thereby facilitating the flow of air from the sound outlet 12 .
  • the sounding unit 5 forming the first front cavity 52 is made by taking the sounding unit 5 forming the first front cavity 52 as the high-pitched sounding unit 5 and the sounding unit 5 forming the second front cavity 54 as the bass sounding unit 5.
  • the two sound-generating units 5 are specifically the high-pitched sound-generating unit 5 or the bass sound-generating unit 5 .
  • the casing 1 includes a matching upper casing 11 and a lower casing 13
  • the treble sounding unit 5 is accommodated in the upper casing 11
  • the bass sounding unit 5 is accommodated in the lower casing 13
  • the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 13 are Pressure relief holes 14 communicating with the high-pitched sounding unit 5 or the bass sounding unit 5 are respectively opened to facilitate the vibration of the diaphragm 51 .
  • the outer frame 31 can be supported on the basin frame of the tweeter unit 5 or the basin frame of the bass unit 5 .
  • the size of the first front cavity 52 and the second front cavity 54 can be adjusted by adjusting the connection position of the partition plate 33 and the outer frame 31 to adjust the division of the space between the two sounding units 5 .
  • the baffle 33 protrudes toward the first front cavity 52 to form a concave cavity, so that the first front cavity 52 can be enlarged as much as possible under the condition that the total space of the first front cavity 52 and the second front cavity 54 is constant, so as to ensure the bass sound.
  • the vibration of the sounding unit 5 produces sound.
  • the vibration direction of the diaphragm 51 of the sound-emitting unit 5 is perpendicular to the sound-emitting direction of the sound-emitting hole 12 .
  • the vent hole 32 is opened on the partition plate 33 , and the vent hole 32 is set at one end of the recessed cavity close to the sound outlet hole 12 . In this way, the airflow of the second front cavity 54 can quickly spread out through the sound outlet hole 12 .
  • the outer frame 31 is close to one end of the sound-emitting unit 5 forming the first front cavity 52 , and is recessed to form a sound-outlet notch 36 that communicates with the sound-outlet hole 12 and the first front-cavity 52 .
  • the tweeter sounding unit 5 is placed on the outer frame 31 , and the channel formed by the tweeter sounding unit 5 and the sound outputting gap 36 communicates with the sound output hole 12 and the first front cavity 52 .
  • the housing 1 is also provided with a pressure equalizing hole 16 connected to the first front cavity 52 and/or the second front cavity 54 , and the pressure equalizing hole 16 communicates with the earphone rear cavity 104 .
  • the in-ear earphone 10 includes a shell 101 adapted to the user's concha cavity, and the end of the in-ear earphone 10 that is used for contacting the top of the user's concha cavity is the top of the shell 101, and the end used for contacting the bottom of the user's concha cavity is the end.
  • the casing 101 As the bottom of the casing 101, the casing 101 is provided with a sound outlet hole 102 for facing the user's external auditory canal. The sound outlet 102 is communicated with the front cavity 103 of the earphone.
  • the pressure equalizing hole 16 By setting the pressure equalizing hole 16, the sound of the earphone sounds more balanced, the vibration of the diaphragm 51 is more coordinated, and has a better transient effect, so as to avoid the diaphragm 51 during wearing. Abnormal sound.
  • By directly opening the pressure equalizing hole 16 on the casing 1 additional space is avoided, and the miniaturization of the sounding unit 100 is facilitated.
  • the pressure equalizing hole 16 can directly adjust the relationship between the first front cavity 52, the second front cavity 54 and the earphone rear cavity 104.
  • the pressure relief hole 14 can directly adjust the air pressure balance between the interior of each sounding unit 5 and the back cavity 104 of the earphone.
  • the two sounding units 5 can be stacked in a vertical direction from the bottom of the casing 101 to the top of the casing 101 .
  • the two sounding units 5 can also be stacked along the direction from the bottom of the casing 101 to the top of the casing 101 .
  • Those skilled in the art can determine the manner to set the positional relationship of the two sound generating units 5 in the housing 101 according to the space reserved for the sound generating unit 100 in the housing 101 and the size of the sound generating unit 100 .

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Headphones And Earphones (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种入耳式耳机，所述入耳式耳机包括具有收容空间的外壳和安装于所述收容空间内的发声单体，所述发声单体将所述收容空间划分为耳机前腔和耳机后腔；所述发声单体包括具有出音孔的壳体和设于所述壳体内的发声单元；所述发声单元的振膜与所述壳体之间形成前声腔，所述出音孔连通的所述前声腔与所述耳机前腔；所述壳体面向所述前声腔的内壁上设有凹陷腔，所述凹陷腔的开口密封覆盖有振动膜片。本发明公开的入耳式耳机能有效减小或避免播放预设频率的声音引起外耳道谐振，从而减小或避免外耳道谐振导致的异响。

Description

入耳式耳机 技术领域
本发明涉及电声转换技术领域，特别涉及一种入耳式耳机。
背景技术
耳机包括外壳以及设于外壳内的发声单体，发声单体包括磁路组件和振动组件，振动组件中的音圈通过音圈引线与外部电源连接，通电的音圈在磁路系统的磁场中受力产生振动，音圈的振动带动了振膜的振动从而与周围的空气产生共振而发出声音。
入耳式耳机和人耳的外耳道完美耦合，带来较高灵敏度和物理降噪的好处，但这种结构同时带来的一个问题就是，外耳道共振情况在安装耳机后发声变化，共振频率偏移，给耳机的频率特性带来重大的缺失。戴上入耳式耳机时，则6kHz附近的声音由于两端闭管的谐振模式而被强调，成为准振鸣状态，会导致佩戴者听到嗡嗡的异响。
形成上述问题的原因在于：人耳在佩戴入耳式耳机之前，外耳道本身就是一个一端开放与外部空气连通，一端通过耳膜封闭的声学管道，相当于一端封闭一端开放，可以简化理解为单端闭管的声学管道，这个声学管道有自己的共振频率。结合图11所示的SPL曲线，虚线表示未戴上入耳式耳机时鼓膜位置的声压级在2.8～3.4kHz以及8.5～10.2kHz具有谐振峰值。佩戴入耳式耳机的时候，外耳道原本开放的一端被耳机遮挡，此时从单端闭管变化为两端封闭了的两端闭管状态，我们简称两端闭管的声学管道。两端闭管的声学管道和一端闭管的声学管道的谐振频率是不一样的，如图11实线所示的SPL曲线，戴上入耳式耳机时的鼓膜位置的声压级受到外耳道中的密闭管谐振的影响，谐振峰值的位置向6kHz附近以及12kHz附近偏移。所以，6kHz附近的声音由于两端闭管的谐振模式而被强调，成为准振鸣状态，会导致佩戴者听到嗡嗡作响的声音。
因此，需要提供一种新型的发声单体，解决上述技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种入耳式耳机，旨在解决佩戴入耳式耳机后，外耳道两端闭管状态的声学管道的谐振频率偏移，用户在部分频段听到的异响的技术问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供的一种入耳式耳机，包括具有收容空间的外壳和安装于所述收容空间内的发声单体，所述发声单体将所述收容空间划分为耳机前腔和耳机后腔；
所述发声单体包括具有出音孔的壳体和设于所述壳体内的发声单元；
所述发声单元的振膜与所述壳体之间形成前声腔，所述出音孔连通所述前声腔与所述耳机前腔；
所述壳体面向所述前声腔的内壁上设有凹陷腔，所述凹陷腔的开口密封覆盖有振动膜片。
可选地，所述前声腔、所述凹陷腔和所述振动膜片组成的声学结构，且5.0kHz≤所述声学结构的共振频率≤7.5kHz。
可选地，所述发声单体包括设于所述壳体内的两个发声单元，两个所述发声单元的振膜相对间隔设置，
所述壳体包括设于两个所述发声单元的振膜之间的中隔件，所述中隔件将两个所述发声单元之间分隔为第一前腔和第二前腔，所述第二前腔为所述前声腔，所述凹陷腔自所述中隔件面向所述第二前腔的一面向所述第一前腔凹陷形成。
可选地，所述出音孔与所述第一前腔连通；
所述中隔件上开设有连通所述第一前腔和第二前腔的通气孔，所述通气孔开设于所述中隔件靠近所述出音孔的一端，所述第二前腔、所述通气孔、所述第一前腔和所述出音孔依次连通。
可选地，所述壳体还包括设于所述中隔件相对两侧的上壳和下壳，所述上壳收容形成所述第一前腔的发声单元，所述下壳收容形成所述第二前腔的发声单元；
所述中隔件包括分别与所述发声单元相对间隔设置的隔板和中空的外框，所述外框的外周侧分别与所述上壳和所述下壳连接，所述隔板的外周侧与所述外框连接，所述隔板形成所述凹陷腔。
可选地，所述隔板向所述第一前腔凸起形成所述凹陷腔。
可选地，所述发声单元的振膜振动方向与所述出音孔的出音方向垂直。
可选地，两个所述发声单元中一个为低音发声单元，另一个为低音发声单元或高音发声单元。
可选地，与所述中隔件形成所述第一前腔的发声单元为高音发声单元，与所述中隔件形成所述第二前腔的发声单元为低音发声单元。
可选地，所述壳体上还开设有与所述第一前腔和/或所述第二前腔连通的均压孔，所述均压孔与所述耳机后腔连通。
本发明的入耳式耳机，在发声单元的壳体面向前声腔的内壁上设置凹陷腔，在凹陷腔的开口密封覆盖振动膜片，振动膜片和前声腔的空气是并联关系，通过调整振动膜片和前声腔、凹陷腔组成的声学结构的谐振频率，使谐振频率f与人耳佩戴入耳式耳机时的外耳道两端闭管状态的声学管道的谐振频率相近，进而达到抑制两端闭管状态的声学管道的谐振频率峰值的目的，同时可以避免整体音量降低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图示出的结构获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明入耳式耳机一实施例的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本发明入耳式耳机另一实施例的剖面结构示意图；
图3为图2实施例中发声单体的部分拆解结构示意图；
图4为图2实施例中发声单体的剖面结构示意图；
图5为图2实施例中发声单体的部分剖面结构示意图；
图6为图1所示入耳式耳机的发声单体的阻抗曲线图；
图7为人耳未佩戴、以及佩戴图1所示入耳式耳机的声压级曲线图；
图8为本发明发声单体一对比例的剖面结构示意图；
图9为本发明发声单体另一对比例的剖面结构示意图；
图10为图3、图8和图9所示发声单体的频响曲线图；
图11为人耳的外耳道未佩戴入耳式耳机和佩戴现有技术入耳式耳机时的声压级曲线图。
实施例附图标号说明：
标号 名称 标号 名称
10 入耳式耳机 101 外壳
103 耳机前腔 104 耳机后腔
100 发声单体 1 壳体
11 上壳 12 出音孔
13 下壳 14 泄压孔
16 均压孔 3 中隔件
31 外框 32 通气孔
33 隔板 34 凹陷腔
35 振动膜片 36 出音缺口
5 发声单元 51 振膜
52 第一前腔 54 第二前腔
本发明目的的实现、功能特点及优点将结合实施例，参照附图做进一步说明。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明，本发明实施例中所有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本发明中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。
参照图1所示，本发明提出一种入耳式耳机10。所述入耳式耳机10包括具有收容空间的外壳101和安装于所述收容空间内的发声单体100，所述发声单体100将所述收容空间划分为耳机前腔103和耳机后腔104；所述发声单体100包括具有出音孔12的壳体1和设于所述壳体1内的发声单元5；所述发声单元5的振膜51与所述壳体1之间形成前声腔54，所述出音孔12连通的所述前声腔54与所述耳机前腔103；所述壳体1面向所述前声腔54的内壁上设有凹陷腔34，所述凹陷腔34的开口密封覆盖有振动膜片35。
以下描述中的声学结构，若无特别限定，均为所述前声腔54、凹陷腔34和所述振动膜片35组成的声学结构，该声学结构的阻抗曲线是高阶模型。该声学结构的共振频率、总的声顺、总声质量可以通过以下公式计算得到：
Figure PCTCN2021139473-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021139473-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021139473-appb-000003
其中，fb为声学结构的共振频率；Cb为声学结构的总声顺；Mb为声学结构的总声质量；Cas为发声单元5的等效声顺；Cab：前声腔54内空气的等效声顺；Cap为振动膜片35以及凹陷腔34的等效声顺；Mas：发声单元5的振动系统等效声质量；Mab为前声腔54内空气管道的等效声质量；Map为振动膜片35的等效声质量。
从而可以确定该声学结构的共振频率与发声单元5、振动膜片35以及凹 陷腔34等有关，请结合参阅图6，为所述前声腔、所述凹陷腔34和所述振动膜片35组成的声学结构的阻抗曲线，该阻抗曲线形成了两个明显的峰。其中，频率较低的波峰的频率可记作fl，频率较高的波峰对应的频率可记为fh，而波谷的位置记为fb，fb为前声腔54、所述凹陷腔34和振动膜片35组成的声学结构的谐振频率。可以通过调整振动膜片35的材料和尺寸，改变声学结构的共振频率与人耳佩戴入耳式耳机10时的外耳道两端闭管状态的声学管道的谐振频率相近，由于阻抗曲线与声压级曲线成正比关系，因此呈波谷状态的谐振频率fb可以达到抑制两端闭管状态的声学管道的谐振频率峰值的目的，从而降低或消除异响振鸣声，同时不降低整体音量。请参阅图7，其中虚线为人耳未佩戴耳机的声压级曲线，实线为佩戴设置了振动膜片35的入耳式耳机的声压级曲线。在该图中可以观察到，佩戴设置了振动膜片35的入耳式耳机的情况下，位于6kHz附近谐振频率的峰值明显有所降低。
进一步地，所述前声腔54、所述凹陷腔34和所述振动膜片35组成声学结构，所述声学结构的共振频率为5.0kHz～7.5kHz。由于个体差异，导致不同人耳具有不同的形状的耳道，通过大量实验证明人耳佩戴入耳式耳机时的外耳道两端闭管状态的声学管道的谐振频率在5.0kHz～7.5kHz之间，所以本领域技术人员可以选择合适的振动膜片35的材料和尺寸，改变前声腔54大小、发声单元5的尺寸等，以保证所述前声腔、所述凹陷腔34和所述振动膜片35组成声学结构的共振频率在5.0kHz～7.5kHz之间。
请参阅图2、图3、图4和图5，所述发声单体100包括设于所述壳体1内的两个发声单元5，两个所述发声单元5的振膜51相对间隔设置，所述壳体1包括设于两个所述发声单元5的振膜51之间的中隔件3，所述中隔件3将两个所述发声单元5之间分隔为第一前腔52和第二前腔54，所述第二前腔54为所述前声腔54，所述凹陷腔34自所述中隔件3面向所述第二前腔54的一面向所述第一前腔52凹陷形成。通过两个发声单元5，可以进一步扩展发声单体100整体频宽。
进一步地，所述出音孔12与所述第一前腔52连通；所述中隔件3上开设有连通所述第一前腔52和第二前腔54的通气孔32，所述通气孔32开设于所述中隔件3靠近所述出音孔12的一端，所述第二前腔54、所述通气孔32、所述第一前腔52和所述出音孔12依次连通。
形成第一前腔52的发声单元5振动发声时，气流直接通过出音孔12到达外部，以使得外部收到形成第一前腔52的发声单元5的发声；形成第二前腔54的发声单元5振动发声时，气流先通过通气孔32进入第一前腔52，再通过出音孔12到达外部，以使得外部收到形成第二前腔54的发声单元5的发声。对于与中隔件3形成第一前腔52的发声单元5，在该发声单元5工作时，中隔件3上的通气孔32和第二前腔54共同产生亥姆霍兹共鸣效应，能够拓展该发声单元5自身的频宽，同时使其分频点向高频移动；对于与中隔件3形成第二前腔54的发声单元5，在该发声单元5工作时，第一前腔52远离出音孔12的部分产生亥姆霍兹共鸣效应，进而能够拓展该发声单元5自身的频宽，同时使其分频点向高频移动，因此上述设计，能够提升整个发声单体100高频的性能和延展性。
请参阅图8和图9，其中，图8所示的对比例与本发明的发声器件不同之处在于，图8所示的对比例中，中隔件3不具有通气孔32，两个发声单元5具有相互独立的前腔；图9所示的对比例与本发明的发声器件不同之处在于，图9所示的对比例中，未设置中隔件3，两个发声单元5共用一个前腔。请参阅图10，其中，曲线L2为图8所示对比例的发声器件的频响曲线，曲线L3为图9所示对比例的发声器件的频响曲线，曲线L1为本发明发声器件一实施例的频响曲线。从曲线L1、曲线L2、曲线L3可以看出，在高频部分，本发明提供的发声器件具有更大的频宽。
请继续参阅图2、图3和图4，所述壳体1还包括设于所述中隔件3相对两侧的上壳11和下壳13，所述上壳11收容形成所述第一前腔52的发声单元5，所述下壳13收容形成所述第二前腔54的发声单元5；所述中隔件3包括分别与所述发声单元5相对间隔设置的隔板33和中空的外框31，所述外框31的外周侧分别与所述上壳11和所述下壳13连接，所述隔板33的外周侧与所述外框31连接，所述隔板33形成所述凹陷腔34。
进一步地，两个发声单元5中一个为低音发声单元5，另一个为低音发声单元5或高音发声单元5。本领域技术人员可以根据需要选择两个发声单元5分别为何种发声单元5。当需要实现全频效果，增加用户听感体验，可以采用低音发声单元5和高音发声单元5组合；当需要增强低音效果，使低频更浑厚饱满，可以采用双低音发声单元5组合。
再进一步地，与中隔件3形成第一前腔52的发声单元5为高音发声单元5，与中隔件3形成第二前腔54的发声单元5为低音发声单元5。相较于高音发声单元5，低音发声单元5的振幅更大，振动时对于第二前腔54内的空气推力更大，从而有利于气流从出音孔12流出。
为描述方便，以下以形成第一前腔52的发声单元5为高音发声单元5，以形成第二前腔54的发声单元5为低音发声单元5进行描述，本领域技术人员可以理解，以下相关特征的描述并不构成对两个发声单元5具体为高音发声单元5或低音发声单元5限定。在本实施例中，壳体1包括相配合的上壳11和下壳13，高音发声单元5收容在上壳11内，低音发声单元5收容在下壳13内，上壳11和下壳13上分别开设有与高音发声单元5或与低音发声单元5连通的泄压孔14，以有利于振膜51振动。外框31可以支撑在高音发声单元5的盆架或低音发声单元5的盆架上。可以通过调节隔板33与外框31的连接位置，调节两个发声单元5之间空间的划分，从而调节第一前腔52和第二前腔54的大小。
进一步地，隔板33向第一前腔52凸起形成凹陷腔，以在第一前腔52和第二前腔54总空间一定的情况下，尽量增大第一前腔52，以保证低音发声单元5的振动发声。
发声单元5的振膜51振动方向与出音孔12的出音方向垂直。所述通气孔32开设于所述隔板33上，并且所述通气孔32设于所述凹陷腔靠近所述出音孔12的一端。以使得第二前腔54的气流能快速通过出音孔12传播出去。
外框31靠近形成第一前腔52的发声单元5的一端，凹陷形成连通出音孔12和第一前腔52的出音缺口36。高音发声单元5置于外框31上，高音发声单元5和出音缺口36形成的通道连通出音孔12和第一前腔52。
进一步地，壳体1上还开设有与第一前腔52和/或第二前腔54的均压孔16，均压孔16与耳机后腔104连通。
入耳式耳机10包括与用户耳甲腔适配的外壳101，以入耳式耳机10中用于与用户耳甲腔顶部接触的一端为外壳101的顶部，用于与用户耳甲腔底部接触的一端为外壳101的底部，外壳101上开设有用于朝向用户外耳道的出声孔102。出声孔102与耳机前腔103的连通，通过设置均压孔16从而使耳机的声音听上去更均衡，振膜51振动更协调，拥有更好的瞬态效果，避免佩 戴过程中振膜51异响。通过直接在壳体1上开设均压孔16，从而避免额外占用空间，有利于发声单体100小型化。
在壳体1上设置均压孔16的同时，在壳体1上还设有泄压孔14，均压孔16可以直接调节第一前腔52、第二前腔54和耳机后腔104之间的气压平衡，泄压孔14可以直接调节各个发声单元5内部与耳机后腔104之间的气压平衡。
两个发声单元5可以沿垂直外壳101的底部到外壳101的顶部方向叠设。两个发声单元5还可以沿外壳101的底部到外壳101的顶部方向叠设。本领域技术人员可以根据外壳101中预留给发声单体100的空间，以及发声单体100的尺寸确定采用何种方式设置两个发声单元5在外壳101中的位置关系。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是在本发明的发明构思下，利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换，或直接/间接运用在其他相关的技术领域均包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述入耳式耳机包括具有收容空间的外壳和安装于所述收容空间内的发声单体，所述发声单体将所述收容空间划分为耳机前腔和耳机后腔；
    所述发声单体包括具有出音孔的壳体和设于所述壳体内的发声单元；
    所述发声单元的振膜与所述壳体之间形成前声腔，所述出音孔连通所述前声腔与所述耳机前腔；
    所述壳体面向所述前声腔的内壁上设有凹陷腔，所述凹陷腔的开口密封覆盖有振动膜片。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述前声腔、所述凹陷腔和所述振动膜片组成的声学结构，且5.0kHz≤所述声学结构的共振频率≤7.5kHz。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述发声单体包括设于所述壳体内的两个发声单元，两个所述发声单元的振膜相对间隔设置，所述壳体包括设于两个所述发声单元的振膜之间的中隔件，所述中隔件将两个所述发声单元之间分隔为第一前腔和第二前腔，所述第二前腔为所述前声腔，所述凹陷腔自所述中隔件面向所述第二前腔的一面向所述第一前腔凹陷形成。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述出音孔与所述第一前腔连通；
    所述中隔件上开设有连通所述第一前腔和第二前腔的通气孔，所述通气孔开设于所述中隔件靠近所述出音孔的一端，所述第二前腔、所述通气孔、所述第一前腔和所述出音孔依次连通。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述壳体还包括设于所述中隔件相对两侧的上壳和下壳，所述上壳收容形成所述第一前腔的发声 单元，所述下壳收容形成所述第二前腔的发声单元；
    所述中隔件包括分别与所述发声单元相对间隔设置的隔板和中空的外框，所述外框的外周侧分别与所述上壳和所述下壳连接，所述隔板的外周侧与所述外框连接，所述隔板形成所述凹陷腔。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述隔板向所述第一前腔凸起形成所述凹陷腔。
  7. 如权利要求3至6中任一项所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述发声单元的振膜振动方向与所述出音孔的出音方向垂直。
  8. 如权利要求3至6中任一项所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，两个所述发声单元中一个为低音发声单元，另一个为低音发声单元或高音发声单元。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，与所述中隔件形成所述第一前腔的发声单元为高音发声单元，与所述中隔件形成所述第二前腔的发声单元为低音发声单元。
  10. 如权利要求3所述的入耳式耳机，其特征在于，所述壳体上还开设有与所述第一前腔和/或所述第二前腔连通的均压孔，所述均压孔与所述耳机后腔连通。
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