WO2022227402A1 - 锚杆施工组件 - Google Patents

锚杆施工组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022227402A1
WO2022227402A1 PCT/CN2021/121461 CN2021121461W WO2022227402A1 WO 2022227402 A1 WO2022227402 A1 WO 2022227402A1 CN 2021121461 W CN2021121461 W CN 2021121461W WO 2022227402 A1 WO2022227402 A1 WO 2022227402A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
hole
rod body
axial direction
peripheral surface
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/121461
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
姜鹏飞
康红普
王子越
罗超
刘畅
韦尧中
郭吉昌
曹晓明
陈志良
杨建威
Original Assignee
中煤科工开采研究院有限公司
天地科技股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司, 天地科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司
Priority to AU2021367388A priority Critical patent/AU2021367388B2/en
Publication of WO2022227402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227402A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway support, in particular to a bolt construction component.
  • Bolt support can effectively control the deformation of surrounding rock, and has been widely used in coal mines, metal mines and other fields at home and abroad.
  • the existing bolt support process is as follows: use drill pipe to drill holes in the surrounding rock of coal mine roadway, manually insert the anchoring agent into the drilled hole, put it into the bolt and stir, and wait for it. Pre-tighten the anchor rod after the anchoring agent is cured.
  • the present disclosure aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure propose a bolt construction assembly with high bolt support efficiency.
  • a first shaft the first shaft is rotatably mounted on the base, the first shaft has a first end and a second end opposite in its axial direction, the first shaft is provided with a a first through hole that penetrates in the axial direction;
  • a second shaft the second shaft is movably inserted into the first through hole along its axial direction, the second shaft has an initial position adjacent to the first end of the first shaft, the first shaft At least a part of the two shafts is in sealing fit with the first through hole, the second shaft is provided with a plurality of second through holes penetrating along its axial direction, and the plurality of second through holes are spaced apart, each Each of the second through holes is provided with a check valve, and the opening direction of the check valve is the direction from the second end to the first end;
  • An anchor rod the anchor rod includes a rod body, a drill bit, a pre-tightening nut and a limit block, the rod body is coaxial with the first shaft, and the rod body is provided with a third through hole penetrating along its axial direction, so the third through holes can communicate with each of the second through holes so that fluid flows into the third through holes through the second through holes;
  • the rod body is spaced apart from the second shaft in its axial direction, the rod body is disposed adjacent to the first end of the first shaft relative to the second shaft in its axial direction, and the stop block is located there.
  • the axial direction of the rod body is located between the pre-tightening nut and the second shaft, the outer peripheral surface of the rod body is provided with an external thread, and the pre-tightening nut is threaded on the rod body and is connected with the first
  • the shaft is sealed and connected, the limit block is movably arranged in the first through hole along the axial direction of the first shaft and is connected with the rod body, the preload nut and the Each has a first face and a second face opposite in the axial direction of the anchor rod, and when the first shaft drives the preload nut to rotate in the first direction, the first face of the limiting block is in contact with the first face.
  • the second surface of the pre-tightening nut abuts against, so that the pre-tightening nut drives the rod body to rotate in the first direction, and the first shaft drives the pre-tightening nut in a second direction opposite to the first direction
  • the pre-tightening nut exerts a pre-tightening force on the rod body that faces away from the first end of the first shaft, and the limit block can push the second shaft so that the second shaft backs away. Move toward the first end of the first shaft.
  • the bolt construction assembly according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has the advantages of high bolt support operation efficiency and low labor intensity of workers.
  • a reset elastic member is further included, and the reset elastic member is installed between the base and the second shaft, so that the reset elastic member provides the second shaft with a direction toward the first shaft. Return spring force at the first end of the shaft.
  • the second shaft includes a first part and a second part, the first part is hermetically inserted into the first through hole, and the second part protrudes outside the first through hole , one of the outer peripheral surface of the second part and the base is provided with a rotation stop block, and the outer peripheral surface of the second part and the other of the base are provided with a rotation stop groove, The anti-rotation block is inserted into the anti-rotation groove, and the reset elastic member is arranged on the second part.
  • the anti-rotation block is a key
  • the anti-rotation groove is a key groove matched with the key
  • a stop ring is further included, the stop ring is connected to the base, the stop ring is spaced apart from the anti-rotation block in the axial direction of the second shaft, and the stop ring sleeve Set on the second part, the reset elastic member is a compression spring, the anti-rotation block is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the second part, and the compression spring is press-fitted on the anti-rotation block and the between the retaining rings.
  • the position of the retaining ring is adjustable in the axial direction of the second shaft, so as to adjust the preloading force of the compression spring.
  • it further includes an adjustment cylinder, the adjustment cylinder is sleeved on the second part, the adjustment cylinder is connected with the base, and the outer peripheral surface of the adjustment cylinder is provided with an external thread, so The retaining ring is an adjusting nut matched with the adjusting cylinder.
  • the third through hole includes a truncated cone hole section, and the truncated cone hole section is provided at one end of the rod body adjacent to the second shaft.
  • a first sealing member is further included, a first sealing ring groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft, the first sealing member is installed in the first sealing ring groove, and the first sealing member is installed in the first sealing ring groove.
  • the outer peripheral surface of a sealing member is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first through hole.
  • a second sealing member is further included, a second sealing ring groove is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the first through hole, and the second sealing member is installed in the second sealing ring groove, so The inner peripheral surface of the second seal is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the preload nut.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bolt construction assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a left side view of a bolt construction assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view of a bolt construction assembly according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the anchor rod in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the end of the second shaft away from the anchor rod in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 7 is a front view of the check valve of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of the check valve of FIG. 3 .
  • bolt support construction device 1000 bolt support construction device 1000; base 1; base 1001; mounting seat 1002; bearing 1003; driver 2; first transmission member 31; second transmission member 32; first seal 41; second seal 42; check valve 5; valve cavity 50; valve body 51; inlet 511; outlet 512; valve core 52; valve core body 512;
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 includes a base 1 , a first shaft 10 , a second shaft 20 and a bolt 9 .
  • the first shaft 10 is rotatably mounted on the base 1, the first shaft 10 has a first end 101 and a second end 102 opposite in its axial direction, and a first shaft 10 is provided with a first end 101 penetrating along its axial direction. A through hole 103 .
  • the second shaft 20 is movably inserted into the first through hole 103 along its axial direction, and the second shaft 20 has an initial position adjacent to the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 . At least a part of the second shaft 20 is in sealing fit with the first through hole 103 , the second shaft 20 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 203 penetrating along the axial direction thereof, and the plurality of second through holes 203 are spaced apart, each Each of the second through holes 203 is provided with a check valve 5 , and the opening direction of the check valve 5 is the direction from the second end 102 to the first end 101 .
  • the anchor rod 9 includes a rod body 95 , a drill bit 96 , a preload nut 92 and a limit block 91 .
  • the rod body 95 is coaxial with the first shaft 10 .
  • the rod body 95 is provided with a third through hole 953 penetrating along its axial direction.
  • the third through hole 953 can communicate with each second through hole 203 so that fluid flows into the third through hole 953 through the second through hole 203 .
  • the rod body 95 is spaced apart from the second shaft 20 in its axial direction, the rod body 95 is disposed adjacent to the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 relative to the second shaft 20 in its axial direction, and the limit block 91 is located at the axial direction of the rod body 95 . between the preload nut 92 and the second shaft 20 .
  • An outer thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rod body 95 , and the pre-tightening nut 92 is threadedly fitted on the rod body 95 and is connected to the first shaft 10 in a sealing manner.
  • the limiting block 91 is movably disposed in the first through hole 103 along the axial direction of the first shaft 10 and is connected to the rod body 95 .
  • Each of the preload nut 92 and the stopper 91 has a first face and a second face opposite in the axial direction of the anchor rod 9 .
  • the first shaft 10 drives the preload nut 92 to rotate in the first direction
  • the first surface of the limiting block 91 abuts against the second surface of the preload nut 92 so that the preload nut 92 drives the rod body 95 to rotate in the first direction.
  • the preload nut 92 exerts a preload force on the rod body 95 away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 , and the limit block 91
  • the second shaft 20 can be pushed to move away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 .
  • the process of performing the bolt support operation by the bolt construction assembly 1000 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is as follows:
  • the first shaft 10 is driven to rotate in the first direction, and the preload nut 92 is driven to rotate in the first direction through the first shaft 10, so that the rod body 95 is driven to rotate in the first direction by the preload nut 92, and the Drill 96 drills holes.
  • high pressure water is passed into at least one second through hole 203 of the second shaft 20 , the high pressure water enters the third through hole 953 through the check valve 5 and flows out from the drill bit 96 to discharge the cinder. Due to the sealing between the second shaft 20 and the first through hole 103 and the sealing between the anchor rod 9 and the first through hole 103 , high-pressure water will not flow out.
  • the rotation of the first shaft 10 is stopped, and at the same time, the high-pressure water flow into the second through hole 203 is stopped.
  • An anchoring agent is passed into the at least one second through hole 203, and the anchoring agent enters the third through hole 953 through the check valve 5 and finally enters the third through hole 953 of the rod body 95 of the anchor rod 9 and the rod body 95 and the surrounding rock. in the gap between. Due to the sealing between the second shaft 20 and the first through hole 103 and the sealing between the anchor rod 9 and the first through hole 103, the anchoring agent will not flow out. After a set amount of anchoring agent is passed into the drilled hole through the third through hole 953 , the anchoring agent is stopped to pass into the third through hole 953 .
  • the first shaft 10 is driven to rotate in the second direction, and the preload nut 92 is driven to rotate in the second direction by the first shaft 10, so that the preload nut 92 exerts a backlash on the rod body 95.
  • the pretensioning force to the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 realizes the pretensioning of the anchor rod 9 .
  • each of the rod body 95 and the limit block 91 moves toward the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 , and the limit block 91 can push the second shaft 20 away from the first shaft 10 .
  • the end 101 is moved so that the second shaft 20 does not interfere with the preload of the bolt 9 .
  • the drilling, anchoring and pre-tightening operations in the bolt support operation can be realized, and the drill pipe does not need to be disassembled during the operation, and there is no need to carry out different machine tools. switch.
  • the bolt support operation in the related art it not only effectively shortens the operation time, improves the bolt support operation efficiency, but also reduces the labor intensity of workers.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has the advantages of high bolt support operation efficiency, low labor intensity of workers, and the like.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 utilizes the second shaft 20 to be movable along its axial direction, so that the initial position of the second shaft 20 can be set closer to the bolt 9, thereby not only reducing the The amount of the anchoring agent in the hole 103 saves the amount of the anchoring agent; and the thickness of the anchoring agent in the first through hole 103 can be reduced to prevent the solidified anchoring agent in the first through hole 103 from blocking the first through hole after the anchoring agent is solidified. 103, affecting the next operation of the bolt construction assembly 1000.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail below by taking FIG. 1 to FIG. 8 as an example.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 includes a base 1 , a driver 2 , a first shaft 10 , a second shaft 20 and a bolt 9 .
  • the first shaft 10 is rotatably mounted on the base 1, the first shaft 10 has a first end 101 and a second end 102 opposite in its axial direction, and a first shaft 10 is provided with a first end 101 penetrating along its axial direction. A through hole 103 .
  • the axial direction of the first shaft 10 is consistent with the left and right directions
  • the base 1 includes a base 1001 and a mounting seat 1002
  • the mounting seat 1002 is connected to the right end of the base 1001
  • the mounting seat 1002 is provided with The installation hole
  • the first end 101 (right end) of the first shaft 10 is installed in the installation hole through the bearing 1003
  • the second end 102 (left end) of the first shaft 10 is overhanging.
  • the first shaft 10, the bearing 1003 and the mounting hole are all coaxially arranged.
  • the left-right direction is shown by arrow B in FIG. 2 .
  • the driver 2 is connected with the first shaft 10 so as to use the driver 2 to drive the first shaft 10 to rotate.
  • the driver 2 may be one of an electric motor, a hydraulic motor, a cylinder and an internal combustion engine.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further includes a first transmission member 31 and a second transmission member 32, the first transmission member 31 is connected with the first shaft 10, the first transmission member 31 is connected with the driver 2, and the second transmission member The member 32 is connected with the second transmission member 32 . Therefore, using the first transmission member 31 and the second transmission member 32 facilitates the connection of the driver 2 with the first rotating shaft.
  • each of the first transmission member 31 and the second transmission member 32 is a gear, and the first transmission member 31 and the second transmission member 32 are engaged.
  • one of the first transmission member 31 and the second transmission member 32 may be a worm gear, and the other of the first transmission member 31 and the second transmission member 32 may be matched with the worm gear worm.
  • the second shaft 20 is movably inserted into the first through hole 103 along its axial direction, the second shaft 20 has an initial position adjacent to the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 , and at least a part of the second shaft 20 is connected to the first through hole 103 .
  • the through holes 103 are sealed and matched.
  • the second shaft 20 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 203 penetrating along its axial direction.
  • the check valve 5, the opening direction of the check valve 5 is the direction from the second end 102 to the first end 101.
  • the second shaft 20 has a first end 201 and a second end 202 opposite in its axial direction, and the first end 201 of the second shaft 20 is opposite to the second shaft 20 in its axial direction
  • the second end 202 of the first shaft 10 is disposed adjacent to the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 .
  • a total of three second through holes 203 of the second shaft 20 are provided, of which one second through hole 203 is for the passage of high-pressure water, and the other two second through holes 203 are respectively used for the anchoring agent.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further includes a first sealing member 41, a first sealing ring groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the second shaft 20, the first sealing member 41 is installed in the first sealing ring groove, and the first sealing member 41 is installed in the first sealing ring groove.
  • the outer peripheral surface of a sealing member 41 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the first through hole 103 .
  • the first sealing member 41 can be one of an O-shaped sealing ring, a V-shaped sealing ring, a J-shaped frameless dust ring and a Y-shaped sealing ring.
  • an O-ring is used for the first sealing member 41 .
  • the first sealing ring groove is provided near the first end 201 of the second shaft 20 .
  • the amount of the anchoring agent in the first through hole 103 can be further reduced, thereby further saving the amount of the anchoring agent.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further includes a reset elastic member 7, and the reset elastic member 7 is installed between the base 1 and the second shaft 20, so that the reset elastic member 7 provides the second shaft 20 with a direction toward the first shaft. The restoring force of the first end 101 of the 10.
  • the second shaft 20 can return to the initial position under the action of the reset elastic member 7, so that the anchor rod construction assembly 1000 can perform the next work cycle, which is beneficial to further improve the anchor rod construction assembly. 1000 bolt support operation efficiency.
  • the reset elastic member 7 may not be provided, and the second shaft 20 may be returned to the initial position manually.
  • the second shaft 20 includes a first part 204 and a second part 205 , the first part 204 is hermetically inserted into the first through hole 103 , and the second part 205 extends out of the first through hole 103.
  • One of the outer peripheral surface of the second part 205 and the base 1 is provided with a rotation stop block 206, and the other one of the outer peripheral surface of the second part 205 and the base 1 is provided with a rotation stop groove to prevent rotation
  • the block 206 is inserted into the anti-rotation groove, and the reset elastic member 7 is arranged on the second part 205 .
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further includes a rotation stop frame 6, the rotation stop frame 6 is connected to the base 1, and a rotation stop block 206 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the second part 205 and one of the base 1, and the second part An anti-rotation groove is provided on the other of the outer peripheral surface of 205 and the base 1, and the anti-rotation block 206 is inserted into the anti-rotation groove.
  • the anti-rotation frame 6 can also be formed by a part of the base 1 .
  • the second shaft 20 can be easily installed on the base 1 by using the anti-rotation block 206 and the anti-rotation groove.
  • all the second shafts 20 may be located in the first through holes 103 , and the anti-rotation frame 6 is provided on the base 1 , the anti-rotation frame 6 extends into the first through holes 103 , and the second shaft One of the second end 202 of the second shaft 20 and the anti-rotation frame 6 is provided with a anti-rotation block 206, and the other of the second end 202 of the second shaft 20 and the anti-rotation frame 6 is provided with a anti-rotation groove to stop the rotation.
  • the rotating block 206 is inserted into the anti-rotation groove.
  • the anti-rotation block 206 is a key
  • the anti-rotation groove is a key groove that cooperates with the key
  • the anti-rotation block 206 is a spline, and the anti-rotation groove is a spline groove.
  • the anti-rotation block 206 can also be a flat key, and the corresponding anti-rotation groove is a flat key groove matched with the flat key.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further includes a blocking ring 8, which is connected to the base 1, the blocking ring 8 is spaced apart from the anti-rotation block 206 in the axial direction of the second shaft 20, and the blocking ring 8 is sleeved on the first shaft 20.
  • the reset elastic member 7 is a compression spring
  • the anti-rotation block 206 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the second part 205
  • the compression spring is press-fitted between the anti-rotation block 206 and the retaining ring 8 .
  • the position of the stop ring 8 in the axial direction of the second shaft 20 is adjustable, so as to adjust the preloading force of the compression spring.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further includes an adjustment cylinder 801, the adjustment cylinder 801 is sleeved on the second part 205, the adjustment cylinder 801 is connected with the base 1, the outer peripheral surface of the adjustment cylinder 801 is provided with external threads, and the retaining ring 8 It is the adjusting nut matched with the adjusting barrel 801 .
  • the position adjustment of the blocking ring 8 is facilitated.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 further adjusts the frame 802, the adjustment frame 802 is connected with the base 1, the adjustment cylinder 801 is connected with the adjustment frame 802, and the retaining ring 8 is matched with the adjustment cylinder 801.
  • the distance between the blocking ring 8 and the anti-rotation block 206 can be adjusted, so that the preload force of the compression spring can be adjusted.
  • the anchor rod 9 includes a rod body 95 , a drill bit 96 , a preload nut 92 and a limit block 91 .
  • the rod body 95 is coaxial with the first shaft 10 .
  • the rod body 95 is provided with a third through hole 953 penetrating along its axial direction.
  • the third through hole 953 can communicate with each second through hole 203 so that fluid flows into the third through hole 953 through the second through hole 203 .
  • the fact that the third through hole 953 and each second through hole 203 can communicate with each second through hole 203 means that when the fluid flows from the second end 102 to the first end 101 , the check valve 5 is opened under the fluid pressure
  • the third through hole 953 is communicated with the second through hole 203, so that the fluid flows into the third through hole 953 through the second through hole 203; and when the fluid flows from the first end 101 to the second end 102, the check valve 5 Closing makes the third through hole 953 not communicate with the second through hole 203 .
  • the fluid can be high pressure water or an anchoring agent.
  • the third through hole 953 includes a truncated cone hole section 9531 , and the truncated cone hole section 9531 is provided at one end of the rod body 95 adjacent to the second shaft 102 .
  • the diameters of the third through holes 953 in the extending direction may also be equal everywhere.
  • the rod body 95 is spaced apart from the second shaft 20 in its axial direction, the rod body 95 is disposed adjacent to the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 relative to the second shaft 20 in its axial direction, and the limit block 91 is located at the axial direction of the rod body 95 . between the preload nut 92 and the second shaft 20 .
  • An outer thread is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the rod body 95 , and the pre-tightening nut 92 is threadedly fitted on the rod body 95 and is connected to the first shaft 10 in a sealing manner.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 is further provided with a second sealing member 42, a second sealing ring groove is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the first through hole 103, and the second sealing member 42 is installed in the second sealing ring groove, The inner peripheral surface of the second seal 42 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the preload nut 92 .
  • the second sealing member 42 can be one of an O-shaped sealing ring, a V-shaped sealing ring, a J-shaped frameless dust ring and a Y-shaped sealing ring.
  • the second sealing member 42 adopts a Y-shaped sealing ring.
  • the limiting block 91 is movably disposed in the first through hole 103 along the axial direction of the first shaft 10 and is connected to the rod body 95 .
  • Each of the preload nut 92 and the stopper 91 has a first face and a second face opposite in the axial direction of the anchor rod 9 .
  • the preload nut 92 When the first shaft 10 drives the preload nut 92 to rotate in a second direction opposite to the first direction, the preload nut 92 exerts a preload force on the rod body 95 away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 , and the limit block 91 The second shaft 20 can be pushed to move away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 .
  • the fact that the limit block 91 can push the second shaft 20 so that the second shaft 20 moves away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 means that when the first drive shaft drives the preload nut 92 to rotate in the first direction, the limit The block 91 will not move along the axial direction of the first shaft 10.
  • the limiting block 91 will not push the second shaft 20 to move the second shaft 20 away from the first end 101;
  • the pre-tightening nut 92 exerts a pre-tightening force on the rod body 95, and the pre-tightening nut 92 moves relative to the rod body 95 and the limit block 91 away from the second end 102 of the first shaft 10, correspondingly, the limit The position block 91 and the rod body 95 move away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 relative to the preload nut 92.
  • the limit block 91 can Pushing the second shaft 20 moves the second shaft 20 away from the first end 101 of the first shaft 10 .
  • the anchor rod 9 further includes a self-aligning ball pad 93 and a tray 94 , each of which is provided with a through hole for the rod body 95 to pass through, and the tray 94 abuts with the self-aligning ball pad 93 .
  • the tray 94 is used to fit with the surrounding rock, and the self-aligning ball pad 93 is used to adjust the positioning direction of the tray 94 .
  • the pallet 94 is continuously pressed by the preload nut 92 to realize the preload of the anchor rod 9 .
  • the rod body 95 includes a first end 951 and a second end 952 opposite in its axial direction, and the second end 952 of the rod body 95 is disposed adjacent to the second shaft 20 relative to the first end 951 of the rod body 95 in its axial direction,
  • the drill bit 96 is disposed on the first end 951 of the rod body 95 , and the tray 94 , the self-aligning ball washer 93 , the preload nut 92 and the limit block 91 are disposed near the second end 952 of the rod body 95 .
  • the limit block 91 can be a limit nut.
  • the limit block 91 is threadedly fitted on the rod body 95.
  • the preload nut 92 rotates in the first direction
  • the first surface of the preload nut 92 stops against the second surface of the limit block 91.
  • the rotational torque exerted by the preload nut 92 on the limit block 91 is smaller than the rotational torque required for the limit block 91 to rotate relative to the rod body 95 , so that the limit block 91 can be limited to the first position of the preload nut 92 toward the rod body 95 .
  • the two ends 952 move, so that the preload nut 92 drives the rod body 95 to rotate along its axial direction.
  • the check valve 5 includes a valve body 51 , a valve core 52 and a ring magnet 53 .
  • the valve body 51 has a valve cavity 50 and an inlet 511 and an outlet 512 communicating with the valve cavity 50.
  • the valve cavity 50 extends along the axial direction of the valve body 51.
  • a valve seat 54 is provided in the cavity 50 .
  • the valve core 52 is movably installed in the valve cavity 50 along the axial direction of the valve body 51 .
  • the valve core 52 has a first position and a second position. When the valve core 52 is at the first position, the valve core 52 abuts against the valve seat 54 , and when the valve core 52 is at the second position, the valve core 52 leaves the valve seat 54 to communicate the inlet 511 and the outlet 512 .
  • the ring magnet 53 is installed in the valve cavity 50, the ring magnet 53 is coaxial with the valve body 51, and at least a part of the valve core 52 is made of ferromagnetic material, so that the valve core 52 can be removed from the first valve by the magnetic force between the valve core 52 and the ring magnet 53.
  • the second position is moved to the first position.
  • the fluid Before passing fluid into the second through hole 203, the fluid can be high-pressure water or an anchoring agent with a certain pressure, and the valve core 52 is held in the first position by the magnetic force between the ring magnet 53 and the valve core 52, so that the valve core 52 is kept in the first position. 52 abuts against the valve seat 54 to form a line seal.
  • the valve core 52 overcomes the magnetic force between the valve core 52 and the ring magnet 53 by the pressure of the fluid, and moves from the first position to the valve leaving the valve.
  • the inlet 511 of the check valve 5 is communicated with the outlet 512, and the check valve 5 is opened to form a fluid passage for the fluid to flow through.
  • the valve core 52 uses the magnetic force between the ring magnet 53 and the valve core 52 to move from the second position to the first position, so that the valve core 52 and the valve seat 54 stop The abutment forms a line seal to prevent fluid backflow.
  • the valve core 52 of the check valve 5 utilizes the magnetic force between the valve core 52 and the ring magnet 53 to stop the valve core 52 and the valve seat 54 to form a line seal. Therefore, there is no need between the valve core 52 of the valve cavity 50 and the outlet 512 Set up springs, spring seats and other components. Therefore, the radial dimension between the valve core 52 of the check valve 5 and the outlet 512 can be equal everywhere, or the radial dimension of the valve core 52 to the outlet 512 of the check valve 5 is adjacent to the outlet 512 in any section. maximum, so that the solidified fluid can be pushed out of the valve cavity 50 through the outlet 512 by the force towards the outlet 512 .
  • the solidified fluid can be pushed out from the outlet 512 by the valve core 52 , and finally the outlet 512 is pushed out. It communicates with the inlet 511 to ensure the smooth delivery of the fluid.
  • the check valve 5 has advantages such as good versatility.
  • the check valve 5 may also be a check valve in the related art that uses a spring force to stop the valve core and the valve seat.
  • the above-mentioned check valve 5 will be described in detail below by taking FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 as examples.
  • the check valve 5 includes a valve body 51 , a valve core 52 and a ring magnet 53 .
  • the valve body 51 has a valve cavity 50 and an inlet 511 and an outlet 512 communicating with the valve cavity 50 .
  • the valve body 51 has a first end 55 and a second end 56 opposite in the axial direction thereof, and the valve body 51 defines a valve cavity 50 .
  • the first end 55 of the valve body 51 is disposed adjacent to the anchor rod 9 relative to the second end 56 .
  • the first end 55 is provided with an inversion edge, and the inversion edge surrounds the inlet 511 , and the diameter of the inlet 511 is smaller than the radial dimension of the valve cavity 50 adjacent to the inlet 511 .
  • An outlet 512 is provided at the second end 56 , and the diameter of the outlet 512 is equal to the radial dimension of the valve chamber 50 adjacent to the outlet 512 .
  • a sealing groove for installing a sealing ring is provided on the end surface of the inversion along the end face away from the first end 55 , and the sealing groove is an annular groove.
  • a sealing ring can be installed in the sealing groove to ensure the tightness between the valve body 51 and the pipeline or other components.
  • the diameter of the outlet 512 may also be larger than the radial dimension of the valve cavity 50 adjacent to the outlet 512 .
  • the radial dimension of the valve cavity 50 adjacent to the outlet 512 gradually increases in the direction from the inlet 511 to the outlet 512 .
  • the valve core 52 is movably installed in the valve cavity 50 along the axial direction of the valve body 51 .
  • the valve core 52 has a first position and a second position. The first position is positioned adjacent to the inlet 511 and the second position is positioned adjacent to the outlet 512 .
  • the valve cavity 50 is provided with a valve seat 54, wherein when the valve core 52 is in the first position, the valve core 52 stops against the valve seat 54, and when the valve core 52 is in the second position, the valve core 52 leaves the valve seat 54 so that the inlet 511 It communicates with outlet 512 .
  • the second position refers to the position of the valve core 52 in the valve cavity 50 when the valve core 52 leaves the valve seat 54 , and therefore, there are multiple second positions.
  • the valve core 52 includes a valve core body 512 , the valve core body 512 is a spherical truncated body, the valve core body 512 includes an arc surface and a flat surface, and the arc surface is adjacent to the inlet 511 relative to the plane in the axial direction of the valve body 51 . According to the arrangement, when the valve core 52 is in the first position, the arc-shaped surface abuts against the valve seat 54 .
  • the valve core 52 being a complete sphere, it is beneficial to reduce the size of the wire seal to the outlet 512 , thereby reducing the thickness of the fluid from the wire seal to the outlet 512 , and further reducing the solidified fluid in the valve cavity 50 .
  • the thickness of the fluid is so that when the spool 52 is pushed by the fluid entering the inlet 511 next time the bolt construction assembly 1000 is used to deliver the fluid, the solidified fluid is more easily pushed out by the spool 52 from the outlet 512 to ensure smooth delivery of the fluid.
  • valve core body 512 is a hemisphere.
  • valve core body 512 can also be in other shapes such as a quarter sphere, a three-quarter sphere, and the like.
  • the ring magnet 53 is installed in the valve cavity 50, the ring magnet 53 is coaxially arranged with the valve body 51, and at least a part of the valve core 52 is made of ferromagnetic material, so that the valve core 52 can be removed from the valve body through the magnetic force between the valve core 52 and the ring magnet 53.
  • the second position is moved to the first position.
  • the check valve 5 further includes a magnet mounting plate 59 on which the ring magnet 53 is mounted, and the magnet mounting plate 59 is mounted within the valve cavity 50 to mount the ring magnet 53 within the valve cavity 50 . Therefore, the ring magnet 53 can be easily installed in the valve chamber 50 by using the magnet installation plate 59 .
  • the magnet mounting plate 59 may not be provided, and the ring magnet 53 may be directly mounted inside the valve cavity 50 .
  • the magnet mounting plate 59 is made of a ferromagnetic material so that the ring magnet 53 is mounted on the magnet mounting plate 59 by the magnetic force between it and the magnet mounting plate 59 . Therefore, compared with fixing the ring magnet 53 on the magnet mounting plate 59 by means of fasteners or welding, the structure of the check valve 5 is simple, which is beneficial to the processing and manufacture of the check valve 5 .
  • the valve body 51 is made of non-ferromagnetic material.
  • ring magnet 53 forms valve seat 54 . At this time, when the valve body 52 is in the first position, the valve body 52 abuts against the ring magnet 53 .
  • the magnet mounting plate 59 is an annular plate, the magnet mounting plate 59 is coaxial with the valve body 51 , and the magnet mounting plate 59 forms the valve seat 54 . At this time, when the valve body 52 is in the first position, the valve body 52 abuts against the magnet mounting plate 59 .
  • the annular magnet 53 or the magnet mounting plate 59 forms the valve seat 54 , which is beneficial to simplify the structure of the check valve 5 and facilitate the processing and manufacture of the check valve 5 .
  • valve seat 54 may also be provided separately.
  • the valve seat 54 may be fixed on the valve body 51 , the magnet mounting plate 59 or the ring magnet 53 .
  • each of the ring magnet 53 and the magnet mounting plate 59 may be composed of several parts, and a fluid passage for fluid to pass through is enclosed between the parts, and the fluid passage communicates with the valve cavity 50 .
  • one of the magnet mounting plate 59 and the valve body 51 is provided with a positioning boss, the other of the magnet mounting plate 59 and the valve body 51 is provided with a positioning groove, and the positioning boss and the positioning Groove insert fit.
  • the valve body 51 is provided with an inner flange, the inner flange is provided with a positioning groove, the magnet mounting plate 59 is provided with a positioning boss, and the positioning boss is inserted into the positioning groove.
  • the positioning of the magnet mounting plate 59 on the valve body 51 is achieved. Thereby, it is convenient to install the magnet mounting plate 59 in the valve body 51 at the set position.
  • the positioning boss and the positioning groove are in interference fit, and the magnet mounting plate 59 is mounted on the valve body 51 . Therefore, compared with the connection between the magnet mounting plate 59 and the valve body 51 by welding or fasteners, the check valve 5 has a simple structure and is convenient to manufacture.
  • the check valve 5 further includes a limit block, the limit block is connected to the valve core 52 , the limit block is provided with a first limit portion 57 , and the valve cavity 50 is provided with a second limit portion 58 , when the valve core 52 is located at the second position, the first limiting portion 57 can abut against the second limiting portion 58 .
  • the first limiting portion 57 is located between the valve core 52 and the inlet 511 in the axial direction of the valve body 51
  • the second limiting portion 58 is located between the valve core 52 and the first limiting portion 57 in the axial direction of the valve body 51 . between.
  • the first limiting portion 57 can abut against the second limiting portion 58 , which means that when the valve core 52 is separated from the valve seat 54 and is at the second position, the first limiting portion 57 can contact with the second limiting portion 58 .
  • the second limiting portion 58 is in contact, and the first limiting portion 57 may not be in contact with the second limiting portion 58 .
  • the valve core 52 just leaves the valve seat 54 and the gap between the valve core 52 and the valve seat 54 is small, the valve core 52 is in the second position, but at this time the first limiting portion 57 and the second limiting portion Section 58 does not touch.
  • valve core 52 When the valve core 52 is separated from the valve seat 54 and the gap between the valve core 52 and the valve seat 54 is large, the valve core 52 is located at the second position, and at this time the first limiting portion 57 is in contact with the second limiting portion 58 (stop), preventing the valve core 52 from continuing to move away from the valve seat 54 .
  • the stop of the first limiting portion 57 and the second limiting portion 58 can be used to limit the limit position of the valve core 52, so that when the fluid delivery ends, the valve The core 52 is moved from the second position to the first position.
  • first limiting portion 57 and the second limiting portion 58 may not be provided, and the limit position of the valve core 52 is limited by the magnetic force between the ring magnet 53 and the valve core 52 .
  • the first limiting portion 57 is a block, a plurality of blocks are provided, and each block is evenly spaced around the axis of the valve body 51 . Therefore, the overall structure composed of the valve core 52 and the first limiting block is symmetrical, so that when the valve core 52 moves in the axial direction of the valve body 51, the valve core 52 is prevented from being deflected in the radial direction of the valve body 51, which may affect the Stable flow of fluid within the valve body 51 .
  • valve core 52 further includes a cylindrical connecting section 522 .
  • the limit block includes a first part and a second part, the first part is block-shaped, the above-mentioned stopper is the second part, one end of the column-shaped connecting section 522 is connected with the valve core body 512, and the other end is connected with the first part, and the stopper is arranged on the first part. part of the edge.
  • the second limiting portion 58 is a limiting ring. Therefore, it is convenient to realize the abutment between the second limiting portion 58 and the first limiting portion 57 .
  • the second limiting portion 58 can also be a stopper.
  • blind holes are provided on the cylindrical connecting section 522 and the limiting block, the orifices of the blind holes face the inlet 511 , the bottoms of the blind holes are tapered, and the tops of the cones face the outlet 512 .
  • the valve core 52 Before the check valve 5 operates, the valve core 52 is held in the first position by the magnetic force between the ring magnet 53 and the valve core 52 .
  • a fluid enters the valve cavity 50 from the inlet 511 in the positive direction, a part of the fluid exerts the fluid pressure toward the first end 55 on the limit block, and another part of the fluid enters the valve cavity 50 and exerts the fluid pressure toward the first end 55 on the valve core body 512
  • the direction of the fluid pressure on the valve core 52 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic force, and the fluid pressure is greater than the magnetic force, the valve core 52 moves to the first end 55, the valve core 52 leaves the valve seat 54, and the valve core 52 is in the second position , the valve chamber 50 communicates with the inlet 511 and the outlet 512 to form a fluid passage.
  • valve core 52 When the fluid flows into the valve cavity 50 from the outlet 512 in a reverse direction, the fluid exerts a fluid pressure on the valve core 52 toward the second end 56. At this time, the direction of the fluid pressure on the valve core 52 is the same as the direction of the magnetic force. The valve core 52 moves toward the second end 56 under the combined action of fluid pressure and magnetic force, and finally the valve core 52 and the valve seat 54 abut to form a line seal to prevent fluid backflow, and the valve is in the first position.
  • the fluid pressure here refers to the pressure applied by the fluid to the valve core 52 .
  • the second shaft 20 Since the inner and outer sides of the second seal 42 contact the first shaft 10 and the second shaft 20 respectively, the second shaft 20 is subjected to the torque generated by the frictional force, Under the action of the anti-rotation frame 6, the second shaft 20 does not rotate. During the drilling process, only one second through hole 203 of the second shaft 20 transmits water to the third through hole 953 of the rod body 95 for removing cinders. Due to the functions of the first sealing member 41 and the second sealing member 42, it can be ensured that the high-pressure water flows into the third through hole 953 of the rod body 95 and does not flow out.
  • Anchor note After the drilling is completed, the driver 2 stops rotating, and the second through hole 203 in the second shaft 20 stops pumping water to the inside of the rod body 95; the other two second through holes 203 of the second shaft 20 are respectively.
  • the A component and the B component of the pumping anchoring agent are simultaneously pumped into the third through hole 953 of the rod body 95 and the gap between the rod body 95 and the surrounding rock, due to the first seal 41 and the second sealing member 42 can ensure that the A component and the B component of the anchoring agent enter the third through hole 953 of the rod body 95 without flowing out.
  • the bolt 9 moves relative to the first axis 10 in a direction away from the surrounding rock, and the stop block 91 at the end of the bolt 9 contacts the second axis 20 and pushes the second axis 20 to move away from the surrounding rock, and reset The elastic element 7 is compressed until the preloading process is completed.
  • the anchor rod 9 is separated from the first shaft 10.
  • the second shaft 20 translates relative to the first shaft 10 and gradually returns to the initial position, and the reset elastic member 7 also returns to its original position.
  • the installation length, the preload force and installation length of the reset elastic member 7 can be adjusted by the retaining ring 8.
  • the bolt construction assembly 1000 can complete multiple steps of drilling, anchoring and pre-tightening, reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves the efficiency of roadway support, has low cost, simple structure, easy installation and maintenance, and is suitable for Coal roadway bolt support operation.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with “first”, “second” may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature.
  • plurality means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless expressly and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between the two components, unless otherwise expressly qualified.
  • installed installed
  • connected connected
  • fixed a detachable connection
  • it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection or can communicate with each other
  • it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two components or the interaction relationship between the two components, unless otherwise expressly qualified.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood according to specific situations.
  • a first feature "on” or “under” a second feature may be in direct contact with the first and second features, or indirectly through an intermediary between the first and second features touch.
  • the first feature being “above”, “over” and “above” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is level higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature being “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a lower level than the second feature.
  • the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “example,” “specific example,” or “some examples,” etc. mean a specific feature, structure, material, or Features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure.
  • schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example.
  • the particular features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of the different embodiments or examples, without conflicting each other.

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Abstract

公开了一种锚杆施工组件，包括基座（1）、第一轴（10）和第二轴（20），第一轴（10）可转动地安装在基座（1）上，驱动器（2）与第一轴（10）相连以便驱动第一轴（10）转动，第二轴（20）沿其轴向可移动地插装在第一通孔（103）内；锚杆（9）包括杆体（95）、钻头（96）、预紧螺母（92）和限位块（91），杆体（95）上设有沿其轴向贯通的第三通孔（953），第三通孔（953）能够与每个第二通孔（203）连通；第一轴（10）驱动预紧螺母（92）沿第一方向转动时，预紧螺母（92）带动杆体（95）沿第一方向转动，第一轴（10）驱动预紧螺母（92）沿与第一方向相反的第二方向转动时，预紧螺母（92）对杆体（95）施加背向第一轴（10）的第一端的预紧拉力；锚杆施工组件具有锚杆支护作业效率高、工人劳动强度低等优点。

Description

锚杆施工组件
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开要求申请号为202110481391.3、申请日为2021年04月30日的中国专利申请的优先权和权益，上述中国专利申请的全部内容在此通过引用并入本公开。
技术领域
本公开涉及煤矿巷道支护技术领域，具体涉及一种锚杆施工组件。
背景技术
锚杆支护可以有效控制围岩变形，已经在国内外煤矿、金属矿山等领域广泛应用。以煤矿巷道支护为例，现有锚杆支护工艺流程为：使用钻杆在煤矿巷道的围岩上钻孔，人工将锚固剂塞进钻设的孔内，放入锚杆搅拌，待锚固剂固化后预紧锚杆。相关技术中锚杆支护施工工艺存在以下问题：
1)钻孔之后，围岩在采动应力作用下容易出现塌孔现象，人工将锚固剂塞入钻孔这一步骤难度高，尤其是在煤岩体较为破碎或钻孔壁凹凸不平时，需要耗费一定的时间才能完成锚固剂的安装，降低了支护效率；
2)钻孔、安装锚固剂和预紧锚杆三步需要借助不同的机具完成，拆卸钻杆、不同机具的切换消耗时间较长，效率低，工人劳动强度大，已经无法满足煤矿巷道快速支护的需求。
发明内容
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。
为此，本公开的实施例提出一种锚杆支护效率高的锚杆施工组件。
根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件包括：
基座；
第一轴，所述第一轴可转动地安装在所述基座上，所述第一轴具有在其轴向上相对的第一端和第二端，所述第一轴上设有沿其轴向贯通的第一通孔；
第二轴，所述第二轴沿其轴向可移动地插装在所述第一通孔内，所述第二轴具有邻近所述第一轴的第一端的初始位置，所述第二轴的至少一部分与所述第一通孔密封配合，所述第二轴上设有沿其轴向贯通的多个第二通孔，多个所述第二通孔间隔开地设置，每个所述第二通孔内均设有止回阀，所述止回阀的开启方向为所述第二端到所述第一端的方向；
锚杆，所述锚杆包括杆体、钻头、预紧螺母和限位块，所述杆体与所述第一轴同轴， 所述杆体上设有沿其轴向贯通的第三通孔，所述第三通孔能够与每个所述第二通孔连通以便流体经所述第二通孔流入所述第三通孔内；
所述杆体在其轴向上与所述第二轴间隔开，所述杆体在其轴向上相对所述第二轴邻近所述第一轴的第一端设置，所述限位块在所述杆体的轴向位于所述预紧螺母和所述第二轴之间，所述杆体的外周面上设有外螺纹，所述预紧螺母螺纹配合在所述杆体上并与所述第一轴密封相连，所述限位块沿所述第一轴的轴向可移动地设在所述第一通孔内并与所述杆体相连，所述预紧螺母和所述限位块中的每一者具有在所述锚杆的轴向上相对的第一面和第二面，所述第一轴驱动预紧螺母沿第一方向转动时，所述限位块的第一面与所述预紧螺母的第二面止抵，以便所述预紧螺母带动所述杆体沿所述第一方向转动，所述第一轴驱动预紧螺母沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向转动时，所述预紧螺母对所述杆体施加背向所述第一轴的第一端的预紧拉力，所述限位块能够顶推所述第二轴使所述的第二轴背向所述第一轴的第一端移动。
根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件具有锚杆支护作业效率高、工人劳动强度低等优点。
在一些实施例中，进一步包括复位弹性件，所述复位弹性件安装在所述基座和所述第二轴之间，以便所述复位弹性件对所述第二轴提供朝向所述第一轴的第一端的复位弹力。
在一些实施例中，所述第二轴包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分密封插装在所述第一通孔内，所述第二部分伸出所述第一通孔的外部，所述第二部分的外周面和所述基座中的一者上设有止转块，所述第二部分的外周面和所述基座中的另一者上设有止转槽，所述止转块插装在所述止转槽内，所述复位弹性件设在所述第二部分上。
在一些实施例中，所述止转块为键，所述止转槽为与所述键配合的键槽。
在一些实施例中，进一步包括挡环，所述挡环与所述基座相连，所述挡环在所述第二轴的轴向上与所述止转块间隔开，所述挡环套设在所述第二部分上，所述复位弹性件为压簧，所述止转块设在所述第二部分的外周面上，所述压簧顶压装配在所述止转块和所述挡环之间。
在一些实施例中，所述挡环在所述第二轴的轴向上位置可调，以便调节所述压簧的预紧力。
在一些实施例中，进一步包括调节筒，所述调节筒套设在所述第二部分上，所述调节筒与所述基座相连，所述调节筒的外周面上设有外螺纹，所述挡环为与所述调节筒配合的调节螺母。
在一些实施例中，所述第三通孔包括截锥孔段，所述截锥孔段设在所述杆体的邻近所述第二轴的一端。
在一些实施例中，进一步包括第一密封件，所述第二轴的外周面上设有第一密封环槽，所述第一密封件安装在所述第一密封环槽内，所述第一密封件的外周面与所述第一通孔的内周面贴合。
在一些实施例中，进一步包括第二密封件，所述第一通孔的内周面上设有第二密封环槽，所述第二密封件安装在所述第二密封环槽内，所述第二密封件的内周面与所述预紧螺母的外周面贴合。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开一个实施例的锚杆施工组件的立体图。
图2是根据本公开一个实施例的锚杆施工组件的左视图。
图3是根据本公开一个实施例的锚杆施工组件的剖视图。
图4是图3中A处的放大图。
图5是图1中锚杆的结构示意图。
图6是图1中第二轴的远离锚杆一端处的结构示意图。
图7是图3中止回阀的主视图。
图8是图3中止回阀的俯视图。
附图标记：锚杆支护施工装置1000；基座1；底座1001；安装座1002；轴承1003；驱动器2；第一传动件31；第二传动件32；第一密封件41；第二密封件42；止回阀5；阀腔50；阀体51；入口511；出口512；阀芯52；阀芯主体512；柱状连接段522；环形磁铁53；阀座54；第一端55；第二端56；第一限位部57；第二限位部58；磁铁安装板59；止转架6；弹性件7；挡环8；调节筒801；调节架802；锚杆9；限位块91；预紧螺母92；调心球垫93；托盘94；杆体95；第一端951；第二端952；第三通孔953；截锥孔段9531；钻头96；第一轴10；第一端101；第二端102；第一通孔103；第二轴20；第一端201；第二端202；第二通孔203；第一部分204；第二部分205；止转块206。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。
如图1-图8所示，根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000包括基座1、第一轴10、第二轴20和锚杆9。
第一轴10可转动地安装在基座1上，第一轴10具有在其轴向上相对的第一端101和第二端102，第一轴10上设有沿其轴向贯通的第一通孔103。
第二轴20沿其轴向可移动地插装在第一通孔103内，第二轴20具有邻近第一轴10的第一端101的初始位置。第二轴20的至少一部分与第一通孔103密封配合，第二轴20上设有沿其轴向贯通的多个第二通孔203，多个第二通孔203间隔开地设置，每个第二通孔203内均设有止回阀5，止回阀5的开启方向为第二端102到第一端101的方向。
锚杆9包括杆体95、钻头96、预紧螺母92和限位块91。杆体95与第一轴10同轴。杆体95上设有沿其轴向贯通的第三通孔953，第三通孔953能够与每个第二通孔203连通以便流体经第二通孔203流入第三通孔953内。
杆体95在其轴向上与第二轴20间隔开，杆体95在其轴向上相对第二轴20邻近第一轴10的第一端101设置，限位块91在杆体95的轴向位于预紧螺母92和第二轴20之间。
杆体95的外周面上设有外螺纹，预紧螺母92螺纹配合在杆体95上并与第一轴10密封相连。限位块91沿第一轴10的轴向可移动地设在第一通孔103内并与杆体95相连。预紧螺母92和限位块91中的每一者具有在锚杆9的轴向上相对的第一面和第二面。第一轴10驱动预紧螺母92沿第一方向转动时，限位块91的第一面与预紧螺母92的第二面止抵，以便预紧螺母92带动杆体95沿第一方向转动。第一轴10驱动预紧螺母92沿与第一方向相反的第二方向转动时，预紧螺母92对杆体95施加背向第一轴10的第一端101的预紧拉力，限位块91能够顶推第二轴20使的第二轴20背向第一轴10的第一端101移动。
根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000进行锚杆支护作业的过程如下：
首先，驱动第一轴10沿第一方向转动，通过第一轴10驱动预紧螺母92沿第一方向转动，从而通过预紧螺母92带动杆体95沿第一方向转动，进而利用锚杆9的钻头96钻孔。在钻孔过程中，向第二轴20的至少一个第二通孔203内通高压水，该高压水经止回阀5进入第三通孔953内并从钻头96处流出，以排出煤渣。由于第二轴20与第一通孔103之间密封、锚杆9与第一通孔103之间密封，因此，高压水不会外流。
然后，钻孔完成后，第一轴10停止转动，同时，停止向第二通孔203内通高压水。向至少一个第二通孔203内通锚固剂，该锚固剂经止回阀5进入第三通孔953内并最终进入到锚杆9的杆体95的第三通孔953以及杆体95与围岩之间的间隙中。由于第二轴20与第一通孔103之间密封、锚杆9与第一通孔103之间密封，锚固剂不会外流。通过第三通孔953向钻孔内通入设定量的锚固剂后，停止向第三通孔953内通锚固剂。
最后，待钻孔内的锚固剂凝固后，驱动第一轴10沿第二方向转动，通过第一轴10驱动预紧螺母92沿第二方向转动，从而使预紧螺母92对杆体95施加背向第一轴10的第一端101的预紧拉力，实现对锚杆9的预紧。在预紧过程中，杆体95和限位块91中的每一者朝向第一轴10的第一端101移动，限位块91能够顶推第二轴20背向第一轴10的第一端101移动，以免第二轴20影响锚杆9的预紧。
由此，利用根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000便可以实现锚杆支护作业中的钻孔、锚固和预紧作业，作业过程中不需要拆卸钻杆，且不需要进行不同机具的切换。与相关技术中的锚杆支护作业相比，不仅有效的缩短了作业时长，提高了锚杆支护作业效率，而且降低了工人的劳动强度。
因此，根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000具有锚杆支护作业效率高、工人劳动强度低等优点。
在通过第二通孔203向钻孔内注锚固剂时，锚固剂依次经第二通孔203、止回阀5、第一通孔103和第三通孔953，最终流入钻孔内。根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000利用第二轴20沿其轴向可移动，可以将第二轴20的初始位置设置的距离锚杆9较近，由此，不仅可以减少第一通孔103内的锚固剂的量，节省锚固剂用量；而且可以降低第一通孔103内的锚固剂的厚度，避免锚固剂凝固后第一通孔103内凝固后的锚固剂堵塞第一通孔103，影响锚杆施工组件1000的下次作业。
下面以图1-图8为例，详细描述根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000。
锚杆施工组件1000包括基座1、驱动器2、第一轴10、第二轴20和锚杆9。
第一轴10可转动地安装在基座1上，第一轴10具有在其轴向上相对的第一端101和第二端102，第一轴10上设有沿其轴向贯通的第一通孔103。
例如，如图1-图4所示，第一轴10的轴向与左右方向一致，基座1包括底座1001和安装座1002，安装座1002与底座1001的右端相连，安装座1002上设有安装孔，第一轴10的第一端101(右端)通过轴承1003安装在安装孔内，第一轴10的第二端102(左端)悬伸设置。其中，第一轴10、轴承1003和安装孔均同轴设置。左右方向如图2中的箭头B所示。
具体使用时，驱动器2与第一轴10相连以便利用驱动器2驱动第一轴10转动。驱动器2可以为电机、液压马达、气缸和内燃机中的一种。
在一些实施例中，锚杆施工组件1000进一步包括第一传动件31和第二传动件32，第一传动件31与第一轴10相连，第一传动件31与驱动器2相连，第二传动件32与第二传动件32相连。由此，利用第一传动件31和第二传动件32，方便驱动器2与第一转轴相连。
优选地，第一传动件31和第二传动件32中的每一者为齿轮，第一传动件31和第二传动件32啮合。
当然，在另一些实施例中，第一传动件31和第二传动件32中的一者可以为蜗轮、第一传动件31和第二传动件32中的另一者可以为与蜗轮配合的蜗杆。
第二轴20沿其轴向可移动地插装在第一通孔103内，第二轴20具有邻近第一轴10的第一端101的初始位置，第二轴20的至少一部分与第一通孔103密封配合，第二轴20上设有沿其轴向贯通的多个第二通孔203，多个第二通孔203间隔开地设置，每个第二通孔203内均设有止回阀5，止回阀5的开启方向为第二端102到第一端101的方向。
具体地，如图2所示，第二轴20具有在其轴向上相对的第一端201和第二端202，第二轴20的第一端201在其轴向上相对第二轴20的第二端202邻近第一轴10的第一端101设置。
优选地，如图5所示，第二轴20的第二通孔203共设置三个，其中一个第二通孔203供高压水通入，另外两个第二通孔203分别供锚固剂的A组分和B组分通入。
在一些实施例中，锚杆施工组件1000进一步包括第一密封件41，第二轴20的外周面 上设有第一密封环槽，第一密封件41安装在第一密封环槽内，第一密封件41的外周面与第一通孔103的内周面贴合。
第一密封件41可以采用O型密封圈、V型密封圈、J型无骨架防尘圈和Y型密封圈中的一种。例如，如图3和图4所示，第一密封件41采用O型密封圈。
优选地，如图3和图4所示，第一密封环槽靠近第二轴20的第一端201设置。由此，可以进一步减少第一通孔103内锚固剂的量，从而进一步节省锚固剂的用量。
在一些实施例中，锚杆施工组件1000进一步包括复位弹性件7，复位弹性件7安装在基座1和第二轴20之间，以便复位弹性件7对第二轴20提供朝向第一轴10的第一端101的复位弹力。
由此，在预紧锚杆9之后，第二轴20能够在复位弹性件7的作用下回到初始位置，以便锚杆施工组件1000进行下一作业循环，从而有利于进一步提高锚杆施工组件1000的锚杆支护作业效率。
在另一些实施例中，可以不设置复位弹性件7，而通过人工手动将第二轴20回到初始位置。
优选地，如图3和图4所示，第二轴20包括第一部分204和第二部分205，第一部分204密封插装在第一通孔103内，第二部分205伸出第一通孔103，第二部分205的外周面和基座1中的一者上设有止转块206，第二部分205的外周面和基座1中的另一者上设有止转槽，止转块206插装在止转槽内，复位弹性件7设在第二部分205上。
例如，锚杆施工组件1000进一步包括止转架6，止转架6与基座1相连，第二部分205的外周面和基座1中的一者上设有止转块206，第二部分205的外周面和基座1中的另一者上设有止转槽，止转块206插装在止转槽内。当然，在另一些实施例中，止转架6也可由基座1的一部分形成。
由此，利用止转块206和止转槽方便将第二轴20安装在基座1上。
在另一些实施例中，第二轴20也可全部位于第一通孔103内，而在基座1上设置止转架6，止转架6伸入第一通孔103内，第二轴20的第二端202和止转架6中的一者上设有止转块206，第二轴20的第二端202和止转架6中的另一者上设有止转槽，止转块206插装在止转槽内。
在一些实施例中，止转块206为键，止转槽为与键配合的键槽。
优选地，如图3所示，止转块206为花键，止转槽为花键槽。当然，在另一些实施例中，止转块206也可以为平键，相应的止转槽为与平键配合的平键槽。
优选地，锚杆施工组件1000进一步包括挡环8，挡环8与基座1相连，挡环8在第二轴20的轴向上与止转块206间隔开，挡环8套设在第二部分205上，复位弹性件7为压簧，止转块206设在第二部分205的外周面上，压簧顶压装配在止转块206和挡环8之间。由此，方便实现复位弹性件7的安装。
优选地，挡环8在第二轴20的轴向上位置可调，以便调节压簧的预紧力。
优选地，锚杆施工组件1000进一步包括调节筒801，调节筒801套设在第二部分205上，调节筒801与基座1相连，调节筒801的外周面上设有外螺纹，挡环8为与调节筒801配合的调节螺母。由此，方便实现挡环8的位置调节。
例如，锚杆施工组件1000进一步调节架802，调节架802与基座1相连，调节筒801与调节架802相连，挡环8与调节筒801配合。通过旋转挡环8可以调节挡环8和止转块206之间的间距，从而可以实现压簧的预紧力的调节。
如图5所示，锚杆9包括杆体95、钻头96、预紧螺母92和限位块91。杆体95与第一轴10同轴。杆体95上设有沿其轴向贯通的第三通孔953，第三通孔953能够与每个第二通孔203连通以便流体经第二通孔203流入第三通孔953内。第三通孔953与每个第二通孔203能够与每个第二通孔203连通是指：流体从第二端102到第一端101方向流动时，止回阀5在流体压力下开启使得第三通孔953与第二通孔203连通，从而流体经过第二通孔203流入第三通孔953内；而流体从第一端101到第二端102方向流动时，止回阀5关闭使得第三通孔953与第二通孔203不连通。该流体可以是高压水或锚固剂。
优选地，第三通孔953包括截锥孔段9531，截锥孔段9531设在杆体95的邻近第二轴102的一端。当然，在另一些实施例中，第三通孔953的在其延伸方向上的孔径也可以处处相等。
杆体95在其轴向上与第二轴20间隔开，杆体95在其轴向上相对第二轴20邻近第一轴10的第一端101设置，限位块91在杆体95的轴向位于预紧螺母92和第二轴20之间。杆体95的外周面上设有外螺纹，预紧螺母92螺纹配合在杆体95上并与第一轴10密封相连。
在一些实施例中，锚杆施工组件1000进一步第二密封件42，第一通孔103的内周面上设有第二密封环槽，第二密封件42安装在第二密封环槽内，第二密封件42的内周面与预紧螺母92的外周面贴合。
第二密封件42可以采用O型密封圈、V型密封圈、J型无骨架防尘圈和Y型密封圈中的一种。例如，如图3和图4所示，第二密封件42采用Y型密封圈。
限位块91沿第一轴10的轴向可移动地设在第一通孔103内并与杆体95相连。预紧螺母92和限位块91中的每一者具有在锚杆9的轴向上相对的第一面和第二面。第一轴10驱动预紧螺母92沿第一方向转动时，限位块91的第一面与预紧螺母92的第二面止抵，以便预紧螺母92带动杆体95沿第一方向转动。第一轴10驱动预紧螺母92沿与第一方向相反的第二方向转动时，预紧螺母92对杆体95施加背向第一轴10的第一端101的预紧拉力，限位块91能够顶推第二轴20使的第二轴20背向第一轴10的第一端101移动。
限位块91能够顶推第二轴20以便第二轴20背向第一轴10的第一端101移动是指：在第一驱动轴驱动预紧螺母92沿第一方向转动时，限位块91不会沿第一轴10的轴向移动， 此时，限位块91不会顶推第二轴20使第二轴20背向第一端101移动；在第一驱动轴驱动预紧螺母92沿第二方向转动时，预紧螺母92对杆体95施加预紧力，预紧螺母92相对杆体95及限位块91背向第一轴10的第二端102移动，相应的，限位块91及杆体95相对预紧螺母92背向第一轴10的第一端101移动，在限位块91背向第一轴10的第一端101移动的过程中，限位块91可以顶推第二轴20使第二轴20背向第一轴10的第一端101移动。
锚杆9进一步包括调心球垫93和托盘94，调心球垫93和托盘94的每一者设有供杆体95穿过的通孔，托盘94与调心球垫93抵接。托盘94用于与围岩贴合，调心球垫93用于对托盘94的定位方向进行调整。利用预紧螺母92不断挤压托盘94，实现锚杆9的预紧。
具体地，杆体95包括在其轴向上相对的第一端951和第二端952，杆体95的第二端952在其轴向上相对杆体95的第一端951邻近第二轴20设置，钻头96设在杆体95的第一端951上，托盘94、调心球垫93、预紧螺母92和限位块91靠近杆体95的第二端952设置。
限位块91可以为限位螺母，限位块91螺纹配合在杆体95上，预紧螺母92沿第一方向转动时，预紧螺母92的第一面与限位块91的第二面止抵时，预紧螺母92对限位块91施加的转动力矩小于限位块91相对于杆体95转动所需的转动力矩，从而可以使限位块91限至预紧螺母92朝向杆体95的第二端952移动，进而使预紧螺母92带动杆体95沿其轴向转动。
在一些实施例中，如图7和图8所示，止回阀5包括阀体51、阀芯52和环形磁铁53。
阀体51具有阀腔50以及与阀腔50连通的入口511和出口512，阀腔50沿阀体51的轴向延伸，入口511和出口512分别设在阀体51的轴向两端，阀腔50内设有阀座54。
阀芯52沿阀体51的轴向可移动地安装在阀腔50内，阀芯52具有第一位置和第二位置，第一位置邻近入口511设置，第二位置邻近出口512设置。其中阀芯52位于第一位置时，阀芯52与阀座54止抵，阀芯52位于第二位置时，阀芯52离开阀座54以使入口511和出口512连通。
环形磁铁53安装在阀腔50内，环形磁铁53与阀体51同轴，阀芯52的至少一部分由铁磁性材料制成，以便阀芯52通过其与环形磁铁53之间的磁力作用从第二位置移动至第一位置。
向第二通孔203内通流体前，该流体可以是高压水或具有一定压力的锚固剂，阀芯52利用环形磁铁53与阀芯52之间的磁力作用保持在第一位置，使阀芯52与阀座54止抵形成线密封。工作时，流体从入口511正向进入止回阀5的阀腔50时，阀芯52利用流体的压力作用克服阀芯52与环形磁铁53之间的磁力作用，从第一位置移动至离开阀座54的第二位置，从而止回阀5的入口511与出口512连通，止回阀5开启，形成供流体流过的流体通路。停止向止回阀5的入口511输送流体时，阀芯52利用环形磁铁53与阀芯52之间的磁力作用，从第二位置移动至第一位置，从而使阀芯52与阀座54止抵形成线密封，防 止流体回流。
止回阀5的阀芯52利用其与环形磁铁53之间的磁力作用使阀芯52与阀座54止抵形成线密封，因此，不需要在阀腔50的阀芯52与出口512之间设置弹簧、弹簧座等其他部件。由此，止回阀5的阀芯52至出口512之间的径向尺寸可以处处相等，或者，止回阀5的阀芯52至出口512之间任意一段中邻近出口512处的径向尺寸最大，从而凝固后的流体可以被朝向出口512的力经出口512推出阀腔50的外部。进而，在下次使用该锚杆支护施工装置1000输送流体，从入口511进入的流体朝向出口512方向推动阀芯52时，凝固后的流体能够被阀芯52从出口512推出，最终使出口512与入口511连通，保证流体的顺利输送。
因此，止回阀5具有通用性好等优点。
当然，在另一些实施例中，止回阀5也可以采用相关技术中、利用弹簧弹力使阀芯与阀座止抵的止回阀。
下面以7图和图8为例，详细描述上述止回阀5。止回阀5包括阀体51、阀芯52和环形磁铁53。
阀体51具有阀腔50以及与阀腔50连通的入口511和出口512，阀腔50沿阀体51的轴向延伸，入口511和出口512分别设在阀体51的轴向的两端。
具体地，如图7所示，阀体51具有在其轴向上相对的第一端55和第二端56，阀体51限定出阀腔50。阀体51的第一端55相对第二端56邻近锚杆9设置。
在一些实施例中，第一端55处设有内翻沿，内翻沿围成入口511，入口511的口径小于阀腔50的邻近入口511处的径向尺寸。出口512设在第二端56，出口512的口径等于阀腔50的邻近出口512处的径向尺寸。
优选地，如图7所示，在一些实施例中，内翻沿远离第一端55的端面上设有用于安装密封环的密封槽，密封槽为环形槽。在止回阀5连接在管道或其他部件上使用时，可以在密封槽内安装密封环，以保证阀体51与管道或其他部件之间的密封性。
当然，在另一些实施例中，出口512的口径也可大于阀腔50的邻近出口512处的径向尺寸。例如，阀腔50的邻近出口512处的径向尺寸在入口511至出口512方向上逐渐增加。
阀芯52沿阀体51的轴向可移动地安装在阀腔50内。阀芯52具有第一位置和第二位置，第一位置邻近入口511设置，第二位置邻近出口512设置。阀腔50内设有阀座54，其中阀芯52位于第一位置时，阀芯52与阀座54止抵，阀芯52位于第二位置时，阀芯52离开阀座54以使入口511与出口512连通。
可以理解的是，第二位置是指阀芯52离开阀座54时，阀芯52在阀腔50内的位置，因此，第二位置具有多个。
在一些实施例中，阀芯52包括阀芯主体512，阀芯主体512为截球体，阀芯主体512包括弧形面和平面，弧形面在阀体51的轴向上相对平面邻近入口511设置，阀芯52位于 第一位置时，弧形面与阀座54止抵。
由此，与阀芯52为完整的球体相比，有利于缩小线密封至出口512的尺寸，从而有利于缩小线密封至出口512的流体厚度，进而有利于缩小阀腔50内的凝固后的流体的厚度，以便在下次使用该锚杆施工组件1000输送流体，阀芯52被入口511进入的流体推动时，该凝固后的流体更易被阀芯52从出口512推出，保证流体的顺利输送。
优选地，阀芯主体512为半球体。当然，阀芯主体512也可为四份之一球体、四份之三球体等其他形状。
环形磁铁53安装在阀腔50内，环形磁铁53与阀体51同轴设置，阀芯52的至少一部分由铁磁性材料制成，以便阀芯52通过其与环形磁铁53之间的磁力作用从第二位置移动至第一位置。
在一些实施例中，止回阀5进一步包括磁铁安装板59，环形磁铁53安装在磁铁安装板59上，磁铁安装板59安装在阀腔50内以将环形磁铁53安装在阀腔50内。由此，利用磁铁安装板59方便将环形磁铁53安装在阀腔50内。
在另一些实施例中，也可以不设置磁铁安装板59，直接将环形磁铁53安装在阀腔50的内部。
在一些实施例中，磁铁安装板59由铁磁性材料制成，以便环形磁铁53通过其与磁铁安装板59之间的磁力作用安装在磁铁安装板59上。由此，与通过紧固件或焊接的方式将环形磁铁53固定在磁铁安装板59上相比，止回阀5的结构简单，利于止回阀5的加工制造。
优选地，阀体51采用非铁磁性材料制成。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，环形磁铁53形成阀座54。此时，阀芯52处于第一位置时，阀芯52与环形磁铁53止抵。
在另一些实施例中，磁铁安装板59为环形板，磁铁安装板59与阀体51同轴，磁铁安装板59形成阀座54。此时，阀芯52处于第一位置时，阀芯52与磁铁安装板59止抵。
由此，环形磁铁53或者磁铁安装板59形成阀座54，有利于简化止回阀5的结构，利于止回阀5的加工制造。
当然，在另一些实施例中，阀座54也可另外设置，此时，阀座54可以固定在阀体51、磁铁安装板59或环形磁铁53上。此时，环形磁铁53和磁铁安装板59中的每一者可以由几部分组成，各部分之间围成供流体通过的流体通道，该流体通道与阀腔50连通。
在一些实施例中，磁铁安装板59和阀体51中的一者上设有定位凸台，磁铁安装板59和阀体51中的另一者上设有定位凹槽，定位凸台与定位凹槽插装配合。
例如，如图7所示，阀体51的内部设有内凸缘，内凸缘上设有定位凹槽，磁铁安装板59上设有定位凸台，定位凸台与定位凹槽插装配合实现磁铁安装板59在阀体51上的定位。由此，方便将磁铁安装板59安装在阀体51内设定位置。
优选地，定位凸台与定位凹槽过盈配合，而将磁铁安装板59安装在阀体51上。由此，与磁铁安装板59与阀体51通过焊接或紧固件连接相比，止回阀5结构简单，方便加工制造。
在一些实施例中，止回阀5进一步包括限位块，限位块与阀芯52相连，限位块上设有第一限位部57，阀腔50内设有第二限位部58，阀芯52位于第二位置时第一限位部57能够与第二限位部58止抵。第一限位部57在阀体51的轴向上位于阀芯52和入口511之间，第二限位部58在阀体51的轴向上位于阀芯52和第一限位部57之间。
阀芯52位于第二位置时第一限位部57能够与第二限位部58止抵是指：在阀芯52离开阀座54而处于第二位置时，第一限位部57可以与第二限位部58接触，第一限位部57也可以不与第二限位部58接触。具体地，在阀芯52刚离开阀座54，且阀芯52与阀座54之间的间隙较小时，阀芯52位于第二位置，但此时第一限位部57与第二限位部58不接触。在阀芯52离开阀座54，且阀芯52与阀座54之间的间隙较大时，阀芯52位于第二位置，且此时第一限位部57与第二限位部58接触(止抵)，阻止阀芯52继续向远离阀座54的方向移动。
由此，阀芯52处于第二位置时，能够利用第一限位部57和第二限位部58的止抵，以对阀芯52的极限位置进行限位，以便流体输送结束时，阀芯52从第二位置移动至第一位置。
在另一些实施例中，也可不设置第一限位部57和第二限位部58，利用环形磁铁53与阀芯52之间的磁力作用，对阀芯52的极限位置进行限位。
优选地，第一限位部57为挡块，挡块设有多个，每个挡块围绕阀体51的轴线间隔均布。由此，阀芯52与第一限位块组成的整体结构对称，从而在阀芯52沿阀体51的轴向移动时，避免阀芯52在阀体51的径向上发生偏斜，而影响流体在阀体51内的稳定流动。
具体地，阀芯52还包括柱状连接段522。限位块包括第一部分和第二部分，第一部分为块状，上述挡块为第二部分，柱状连接段522的一端与阀芯主体512相连、另一端与第一部分相连，挡块设置在第一部分的边沿上。
优选地，第二限位部58为限位环。由此，方便实现第二限位部58与第一限位部57的止抵。
当然，在另一些实施例中，第二限位部58也可为挡块。
优选地，柱状连接段522和限位块上设有盲孔，盲孔的孔口朝向入口511，盲孔的孔底为锥形，且锥形的顶部朝向出口512。
下面以7图和图8为例，介绍上述止回阀5的工作过程：
止回阀5工作前，阀芯52利用环形磁铁53与阀芯52之间的磁力作用保持在第一位置。当有流体从入口511正向进入阀腔50内时，一部分流体对限位块施加朝向第一端55的流体压力，另一部分流体进入阀腔50内对阀芯主体512施加朝向第一端55的流体压力，阀 芯52受到的流体压力的方向与磁力的方向相反，且流体压力大于磁力，阀芯52向第一端55移动，阀芯52离开阀座54，阀芯52位于第二位置，阀腔50与入口511和出口512连通而形成流体通路。当有流体从出口512逆向流会阀腔50内时，流体对阀芯52施加朝向第二端56的流体压力，此时，阀芯52受到的流体压力的方向与磁力的方向相同。阀芯52在流体压力和磁力共同作用下向第二端56移动，最终阀芯52和阀座54止抵形成线密封，防止流体回流，此时阀处于第一位置。此处的流体压力是指流体施加给阀芯52的压力。
下面参考图1-图8详细描述本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000进行锚杆支护作业的详细过程：
1)钻孔：锚杆支护作业循环开始，驱动器2正转，带动第一传动件31正转，因为第一传动件31和第二传动件32相连，在第一传动件31的带动下，第二传动件32反转。因第二传动件32与转轴相连，因此转轴反转(沿第一方向转动)。因预紧螺母92与转轴相连，在转轴和限位块91的共同作用下，杆体95和转轴一起转动，利用锚杆9的钻头96钻孔。在此过程中，第二轴20不随第一轴10一起转动，由于第二密封件42的内外两侧分别接触第一轴10和第二轴20，第二轴20受到摩擦力产生的扭矩，在止转架6的作用下，第二轴20不发生旋转。钻孔过程中，第二轴20仅一个第二通孔203传递水至杆体95的第三通孔953中，用于排除煤渣。由于第一密封件41和第二密封件42的作用，可以确保高压水流进入杆体95的第三通孔953内，而不外流。当限位块91紧贴预紧螺母92，预紧螺母92紧贴着调心球垫93、调心球垫93紧贴着托盘94、托盘94紧贴围岩时，钻孔完成。
2)锚注：钻孔完成后，驱动器2停止转动，第二轴20中的第二通孔203停止泵送水至杆体95的内部；第二轴20的另外两个第二通孔203分别泵送锚固剂的A组分和B组分，两种组分的锚固剂同时被泵送到杆体95的第三通孔953和杆体95与围岩之间的间隙中，由于第一密封件41和第二密封件42的作用，可以确保锚固剂的A组分和B组分进入杆体95的第三通孔953，而不外流，泵送锚固剂至预设量后，停止泵送，锚固剂的各个组分混合反应后，实现锚固功能。
3)预紧：锚注完成后，驱动器2反转，通过第一传动件31、第二传动件32带动预紧螺母92转动，此时预紧螺母92的转动方向为第二方向，预紧螺母92的转动方向与钻孔过程的转动方向相反，预紧螺母92不断挤压紧贴在围岩上的托盘94，实现对锚杆9的预紧。在预紧过程中，锚杆9相对第一轴10向远离围岩方向平动，锚杆9尾部限位块91与第二轴20接触并推动第二轴20向远离围岩方向运动，复位弹性件7被压缩，直至预紧过程完成。当预紧结束后，锚杆9与第一轴10分离，在复位弹性件7的作用下，第二轴20相对第一轴10平动，逐渐回复到初始位置，复位弹性件7也恢复原来的安装长度，复位弹性件7的预紧力和安装长度可以通过挡环8进行调整。
上面工艺步骤完成后，根据施工需求，进行下一个作业循环，每个作业循环中，本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000的工作原理一致，不再赘述。
根据本公开实施例的锚杆施工组件1000可以完成钻孔、锚固和预紧多个步骤，降低了工人劳动强度，提高了巷道支护效率，成本低，结构简单，便于安装和维护，适用于煤巷锚杆支护作业。
在本公开的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本公开的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或彼此可通讯；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
在本公开中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本公开中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，包括：
    基座；
    第一轴，所述第一轴可转动地安装在所述基座上，所述第一轴具有在其轴向上相对的第一端和第二端，所述第一轴上设有沿其轴向贯通的第一通孔；
    第二轴，所述第二轴沿其轴向可移动地插装在所述第一通孔内，所述第二轴具有邻近所述第一轴的第一端的初始位置，所述第二轴的至少一部分与所述第一通孔密封配合，所述第二轴上设有沿其轴向贯通的多个第二通孔，多个所述第二通孔间隔开地设置，每个所述第二通孔内均设有止回阀，所述止回阀的开启方向为所述第二端到所述第一端的方向；
    锚杆，所述锚杆包括杆体、钻头、预紧螺母和限位块，所述杆体与所述第一轴同轴，所述杆体上设有沿其轴向贯通的第三通孔，所述第三通孔能够与每个所述第二通孔连通以便流体经所述第二通孔流入所述第三通孔内；
    所述杆体在其轴向上与所述第二轴间隔开，所述杆体在其轴向上相对所述第二轴邻近所述第一轴的第一端设置，所述限位块在所述杆体的轴向位于所述预紧螺母和所述第二轴之间，所述杆体的外周面上设有外螺纹，所述预紧螺母螺纹配合在所述杆体上并与所述第一轴密封相连，所述限位块沿所述第一轴的轴向可移动地设在所述第一通孔内并与所述杆体相连，所述预紧螺母和所述限位块中的每一者具有在所述锚杆的轴向上相对的第一面和第二面，所述第一轴驱动预紧螺母沿第一方向转动时，所述限位块的第一面与所述预紧螺母的第二面止抵，以便所述预紧螺母带动所述杆体沿所述第一方向转动，所述第一轴驱动预紧螺母沿与所述第一方向相反的第二方向转动时，所述预紧螺母对所述杆体施加背向所述第一轴的第一端的预紧拉力，所述限位块能够顶推所述第二轴使所述的第二轴背向所述第一轴的第一端移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，进一步包括复位弹性件，所述复位弹性件安装在所述基座和所述第二轴之间，以便所述复位弹性件对所述第二轴提供朝向所述第一轴的第一端的复位弹力。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，所述第二轴包括第一部分和第二部分，所述第一部分密封插装在所述第一通孔内，所述第二部分伸出所述第一通孔的外部，所述第二部分的外周面和所述基座中的一者上设有止转块，所述第二部分的外周面和所述基座中的另一者上设有止转槽，所述止转块插装在所述止转槽内，所述复位弹性件设在所述第二部分上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，所述止转块为键，所述止转槽为与所述键配合的键槽。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，进一步包括挡环，所述挡 环与所述基座相连，所述挡环在所述第二轴的轴向上与所述止转块间隔开，所述挡环套设在所述第二部分上，所述复位弹性件为压簧，所述止转块设在所述第二部分的外周面上，所述压簧顶压装配在所述止转块和所述挡环之间。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，所述挡环在所述第二轴的轴向上位置可调，以便调节所述压簧的预紧力。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，进一步包括调节筒，所述调节筒套设在所述第二部分上，所述调节筒与所述基座相连，所述调节筒的外周面上设有外螺纹，所述挡环为与所述调节筒配合的调节螺母。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，所述第三通孔包括截锥孔段，所述截锥孔段设在所述杆体的邻近所述第二轴的一端。
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，进一步包括第一密封件，所述第二轴的外周面上设有第一密封环槽，所述第一密封件安装在所述第一密封环槽内，所述第一密封件的外周面与所述第一通孔的内周面贴合。
  10. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的锚杆施工组件，其特征在于，进一步包括第二密封件，所述第一通孔的内周面上设有第二密封环槽，所述第二密封件安装在所述第二密封环槽内，所述第二密封件的内周面与所述预紧螺母的外周面贴合。
PCT/CN2021/121461 2021-04-30 2021-09-28 锚杆施工组件 WO2022227402A1 (zh)

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