WO2022227184A1 - Comprehensive utilization method for bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction of high-iron red mud - Google Patents

Comprehensive utilization method for bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction of high-iron red mud Download PDF

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WO2022227184A1
WO2022227184A1 PCT/CN2021/096802 CN2021096802W WO2022227184A1 WO 2022227184 A1 WO2022227184 A1 WO 2022227184A1 CN 2021096802 W CN2021096802 W CN 2021096802W WO 2022227184 A1 WO2022227184 A1 WO 2022227184A1
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Prior art keywords
red mud
reduction
iron
iron red
gas
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PCT/CN2021/096802
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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张廷安
豆志河
吕国志
郭军华
刘燕
张子木
赫冀成
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东北大学
东大有色固废技术研究院(辽宁)有限公司
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Publication of WO2022227184A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022227184A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
    • C03C13/06—Mineral fibres, e.g. slag wool, mineral wool, rock wool
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
    • C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C22B7/002—Dry processes by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/62—Energy conversion other than by heat exchange, e.g. by use of exhaust gas in energy production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2200/00—Recycling of non-gaseous waste material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/143—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions of methane [CH4]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of Bayer process red mud, and in particular relates to a comprehensive utilization method for bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction of high-speed iron red mud.
  • China is a big country of alumina.
  • my country's annual alumina production reaches more than 70 million tons, and it discharges more than 100 million tons of red mud.
  • my country needs to import a large amount of high-speed iron gibbsite to produce alumina every year.
  • 50% of my country's alumina production uses high-speed iron gibbsite as raw material for production.
  • the emission is more than 60 million tons, and it contains 30% to 50% of iron oxide.
  • the patent application No. 201611142386.5 "A kind of hot metal desiliconization agent based on high-speed iron red mud and its use method" discloses a A kind of hot metal desiliconizing agent with high iron red mud as matrix and using method, said desiliconizing agent is composed of 70%-90% high iron red mud and 10%-25% magnesium slag by mass percentage, and the desiliconizing agent is controlled The binary alkalinity is between 0.6 and 1.2.
  • the method of use is to add the dry molten iron desiliconizer to the molten iron tank at an added amount of 20-40kg/t per ton of molten iron before or when the iron is tapped in the blast furnace.
  • the molecular ratio of the sum of O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 is 1:1, and the mixing ratio of the modifier is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw meal; the raw meal is sent to the kiln for roasting to obtain clinker; 2) The clinker obtained in step 1) is ground and dissolved, and then solid-liquid separation is performed.
  • the invention proposes a method for treating high-speed iron red mud by bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction, obtaining low-residue high-quality pig iron products, and recovering sodium oxide.
  • the mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment.
  • the reduction process temperature is 1450 ⁇ 1700°C, and the time is 20 ⁇ 140min.
  • oxygen-enriched air and fuel gas are sprayed at the top, and a mixture of reducing gas and oxygen is sprayed at the bottom to strengthen the reduction and smelting of the melt.
  • the reducing gas is hydrogen, carbon monoxide or natural gas in one or more mixed gas mixed in any proportion
  • the mixing ratio of reducing gas and oxygen is the molar ratio of CO, H 2 or (CO+H 2 ) to O 2 among them It is (0.2 ⁇ 1.8):1, or the molar ratio of CH4 and O2 in natural gas (1 ⁇ 2):1.
  • the sodium oxide in the high-speed iron red mud is enriched in the flue gas after being reduced, and is recovered at the flue mouth.
  • Low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and reduced slag that is, molten slag
  • the low sulfur and low phosphorus specifically meet the requirements of sulfur ⁇ 0.05%, phosphorus ⁇ 0.05%, and lower than L03 high-quality steel-making pig iron sulfur (less than or equal to 0.07%) and phosphorus ( ⁇ 0.1%) content.
  • the reduced slag can be used to prepare products such as rock wool or water quenched as cement raw materials, realizing the high-value utilization of multi-components in high-speed iron red mud.
  • Fig. 1 is the bottom-top composite blowing smelting molten pool reduction furnace used in the method of the present invention for processing high-speed iron red mud; wherein 1-raw material feeding port, 2-vortex zone, 3,4,5,6,7-top blowing lance, 8 -Tail gas discharge port, 9- slag outlet, 10- tap hole, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15- bottom blowing gun.
  • FIG. 1 The structure of the bottom-top composite blowing molten pool reduction furnace for processing high-speed iron red mud adopted in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the main components of the high iron red mud used in the embodiment of the present invention are: Fe 2 O 3 41.63%, Al 2 O 3 17.25%, SiO 2 10.20%, TiO 2 8.50%, Na 2 O 6.50%, CaO 1.61% and other substances;
  • the main components of the reducing agent pulverized coal used are: fixed carbon 69.17%, ash 11.13%, volatile matter 19.42%;
  • the main components of the reducing agent coke used are: fixed carbon 84.5%, ash 12.1%, volatile 2.3%;
  • the main components of the reducing agent cathode carbon block used are: fixed carbon 52.1%, ash content 37.2%, volatile matter 9.1%;
  • the effective CaO content in the lime adopted is 80%, and the remaining components are SiO and other substances ;
  • the content of CaF 2 in the used fluorite is 86%, and the remaining components are Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and other substances.
  • the production content of the present invention is not limited to the use of such raw materials.
  • the reducing agent can also be replaced by pulverized coal, and the amount of fluorite can be reduced; the lime can also be replaced by calcium carbonate or calcium carbide smelting waste residue.
  • a comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high-speed iron red mud comprising the following steps:
  • the mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment.
  • the temperature of the reduction process was 1650 °C and the time was 30 min.
  • a mixed gas of CO and O 2 is used to blow in from the bottom of the reduction furnace, where the molar ratio of CO to O 2 is 0.2:1; oxygen-enriched air and gas are blown from the top to ensure that the CO released by reduction is fully burned to ensure that the furnace is fully burned. Thermal equilibrium.
  • a comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high-speed iron red mud comprising the following steps:
  • the mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment.
  • the temperature of the reduction process was 1450 °C and the time was 140 min.
  • a mixture of CO and O 2 is used to blow in from the bottom of the reduction furnace, where the molar ratio of CO to O 2 is 1.8:1; oxygen-enriched air and gas are blown from the top to ensure that the CO released by reduction is fully burned to ensure that the furnace is fully burned. Thermal equilibrium.
  • a comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high-speed iron red mud comprising the following steps:
  • the mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment.
  • the reduction process temperature was 1500 °C and the time was 60 min.
  • the mixed gas of CH 4 and O 2 is blown from the bottom of the reduction furnace, wherein the CH 4 and O 2 molar ratio is 1:1; the oxygen-enriched air and gas are blown from the top to ensure that the CO released by the reduction is fully burned to ensure that Heat balance in the furnace.

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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

A comprehensive utilization method for bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction of high-iron red mud, the method mainly comprising the following steps: mixing high-iron red mud with a reducing agent, a slag former and fluorite; adding the mixed raw materials into a molten pool of a reduction furnace, and performing a reduction reaction, wherein during the reduction process, oxygen-enriched air and fuel gas are blown from the top and a mixed gas of a reducing gas and oxygen is blown from the bottom; and carrying out bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction to obtain low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and reducing slag, and hot-state reducing slag being subjected to tempering, centrifugation and wire drawing to prepare a rock wool product. By means of bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction of the present invention, the continuous reduction of high-iron red mud can be achieved, a low-residue and high-quality pig iron product is directly obtained, and the reduction rate of iron reaches 95% or more, while the recovery rate of sodium oxide reaches 70% or more.

Description

一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法A comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing fusion reduction of high-speed iron red mud 技术领域technical field
本发明属于拜耳法赤泥综合利用领域，具体涉及一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法。 The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of Bayer process red mud, and in particular relates to a comprehensive utilization method for bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction of high-speed iron red mud.
背景技术Background technique
中国是氧化铝大国，我国每年氧化铝产量达到7000万吨以上，排放赤泥1亿吨以上。随着中国铝资源的枯竭，我国每年需进口大量的高铁三水铝石矿生产氧化铝，目前，我国50%的氧化铝生产采用高铁三水铝石矿为原料进行生产，每年的高铁赤泥排放量在6000万吨以上，而其中含有30%~50%的氧化铁。China is a big country of alumina. my country's annual alumina production reaches more than 70 million tons, and it discharges more than 100 million tons of red mud. With the depletion of China's aluminum resources, my country needs to import a large amount of high-speed iron gibbsite to produce alumina every year. At present, 50% of my country's alumina production uses high-speed iron gibbsite as raw material for production. The emission is more than 60 million tons, and it contains 30% to 50% of iron oxide.
对于高铁拜耳法赤泥综合利用，国内相关科研人员进行了大量的研究工作，如申请号为201611142386.5的“一种以高铁赤泥为基体的铁水脱硅剂及其使用方法”的专利公开了一种以高铁赤泥为基体的铁水脱硅剂及使用方法，所述的脱硅剂其组成为质量百分比70％~90％的高铁赤泥和10%~25%的镁渣，控制脱硅剂二元碱度0.6～1.2之间。使用方法为高炉出铁前或出铁时，将干燥的铁水脱硅剂按照每吨铁水20～40kg/t的加入量加入到铁水罐中。For the comprehensive utilization of high-speed rail Bayer process red mud, relevant domestic researchers have carried out a lot of research work. For example, the patent application No. 201611142386.5 "A kind of hot metal desiliconization agent based on high-speed iron red mud and its use method" discloses a A kind of hot metal desiliconizing agent with high iron red mud as matrix and using method, said desiliconizing agent is composed of 70%-90% high iron red mud and 10%-25% magnesium slag by mass percentage, and the desiliconizing agent is controlled The binary alkalinity is between 0.6 and 1.2. The method of use is to add the dry molten iron desiliconizer to the molten iron tank at an added amount of 20-40kg/t per ton of molten iron before or when the iron is tapped in the blast furnace.
申请号为201810711375.7的“一种综合处理磷石膏、高铁赤泥与粉煤灰的工艺”的专利，其步骤包括：1）将磷石膏、高铁赤泥、粉煤灰、添加剂和改性剂混合并研磨制成生料，控制生料中磷石膏、高铁赤泥和粉煤灰的重量比为1:0.3‑0.8:0.2‑0.7，添加剂添加比例按生料中所含Na 2O和Al 2O 3+Fe 2O 3总和的分子比为1:1添加，改性剂的混合比例为生料总重量的10‑20%；将生料送入窑内焙烧，制得熟料；2）将步骤1）制得的熟料研磨后溶出，并进行固液分离即可。 The patent with the application number of 201810711375.7 for "a process for comprehensively processing phosphogypsum, high-speed iron red mud and fly ash", the steps of which include: 1) Mixing phosphogypsum, high-speed iron red mud, fly ash, additives and modifiers And grind into raw meal, control the weight ratio of phosphogypsum, high iron red mud and fly ash in the raw meal to be 1:0.3-0.8:0.2-0.7, and the additive addition ratio is based on the Na 2 O and Al 2 contained in the raw meal. The molecular ratio of the sum of O 3 +Fe 2 O 3 is 1:1, and the mixing ratio of the modifier is 10-20% of the total weight of the raw meal; the raw meal is sent to the kiln for roasting to obtain clinker; 2) The clinker obtained in step 1) is ground and dissolved, and then solid-liquid separation is performed.
申请号为201810481559.9的“一种铝灰和高铁赤泥同步处理方法”的专利，将高铁赤泥配制成浆液，表面更新后，再将铝灰加入，水热条件下反应，表面磁化赤泥中赤铁矿；再通过物理分选的方法，回收其中含铁矿相，并使赤泥中铝和碱组分转化为铝酸钠溶液。固液分离后，铝酸钠溶液用于生产氧化铝，从而高值化利用了铝组分。The patent with the application number of 201810481559.9 for "a method for simultaneous treatment of aluminum ash and high-speed iron red mud", the high-speed iron red mud is prepared into a slurry, and after the surface is updated, the aluminum ash is added to react under hydrothermal conditions, and the surface is magnetized into the red mud. Hematite; then through the method of physical separation, the iron-containing ore phase is recovered, and the aluminum and alkali components in the red mud are converted into sodium aluminate solution. After the solid-liquid separation, the sodium aluminate solution is used to produce alumina, thereby utilizing the aluminum component for high value.
上述方法虽然可以实现赤泥中铁/铝等多组分的利用，但多存在不能直接获得生铁产品，或者还原生铁过程需要铁浴等辅助手段以及无法实现赤泥大规模消纳等问题。Although the above method can realize the utilization of multiple components such as iron/aluminum in red mud, there are many problems such as the inability to directly obtain pig iron products, or the need for auxiliary means such as iron baths in the process of reducing pig iron, and the inability to realize large-scale consumption of red mud.
技术解决方案technical solutions
本发明针对现有高铁拜耳法赤泥利用技术存在的不足，提出一种底顶复合吹熔融还原处理高铁赤泥，获得低残留高品质生铁产品，回收氧化钠的方法。Aiming at the deficiencies in the existing high-speed iron Bayer process red mud utilization technology, the invention proposes a method for treating high-speed iron red mud by bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction, obtaining low-residue high-quality pig iron products, and recovering sodium oxide.
本发明的技术方案按以下步骤进行：The technical scheme of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
（1）将高铁赤泥（三水铝石矿和一水铝石矿产生的赤泥）与还原剂、造渣剂、萤石混合，其中还原剂为粉煤、焦炭或废阴极碳块中的一种或几种以任意比例混合的混合物，还原剂中的碳与高铁赤泥中氧化铁的摩尔比为(1.5~6.5):1；所述造渣剂即为钙源，是石灰石、熟石灰或电石渣中的一种或几种以任意比例混合的混合物，钙源中氧化钙与高铁赤泥中氧化硅和氧化铝质量之和的比为(0.8~1.5):1；萤石添加量为氧化钙量的8%~15%。(1) Mix high iron red mud (red mud produced from gibbsite ore and gibbsite ore) with reducing agent, slag-forming agent and fluorite, wherein the reducing agent is pulverized coal, coke or waste cathode carbon block. One or more mixtures mixed in any proportion, the carbon in the reducing agent and the mol ratio of iron oxide in the high iron red mud are (1.5 ~ 6.5): 1; A mixture of one or more of slaked lime or calcium carbide slag mixed in any proportion, the ratio of calcium oxide in the calcium source to the sum of the mass of silica and alumina in the high iron red mud is (0.8~1.5): 1; fluorite is added The amount is 8% to 15% of the amount of calcium oxide.
（2）将混合料由涡流加料口加入到炉内涡流区，并在机械搅拌形成的涡流下卷入熔池，进行连续加料熔融还原处理。还原过程温度为1450~1700℃，时间为20~140min。(2) The mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment. The reduction process temperature is 1450~1700℃, and the time is 20~140min.
还原过程中同时采用顶部喷吹富氧空气和燃气，底部喷吹还原气体和氧气的混合气体对熔体进行强化还原熔炼。其中还原气体为氢气、一氧化碳或天然气中的一种或几种以任意比例混合的混合气体，还原气体与氧气的混合比例为其中的CO、H 2或（CO+H 2）与O 2摩尔比为(0.2~1.8):1，或者天然气中CH 4与O 2的摩尔比(1~2):1。 During the reduction process, oxygen-enriched air and fuel gas are sprayed at the top, and a mixture of reducing gas and oxygen is sprayed at the bottom to strengthen the reduction and smelting of the melt. Wherein the reducing gas is hydrogen, carbon monoxide or natural gas in one or more mixed gas mixed in any proportion, and the mixing ratio of reducing gas and oxygen is the molar ratio of CO, H 2 or (CO+H 2 ) to O 2 among them It is (0.2~1.8):1, or the molar ratio of CH4 and O2 in natural gas (1~2):1.
还原过程主要反应如下：The main reactions of the reduction process are as follows:
3H 2+Fe 2O 3=3H 2O+2Fe 3H 2 +Fe 2 O 3 =3H 2 O+2Fe
3C+Fe 2O 3=3CO+2Fe 3C+Fe 2 O 3 =3CO+2Fe
3CO+Fe 2O 3=3CO 2+2Fe 3CO+Fe 2 O 3 =3CO 2 +2Fe
CH 4+Fe 2O 3=CO 2+2H 2O+2Fe CH 4 +Fe 2 O 3 =CO 2 +2H 2 O+2Fe
高铁赤泥中的氧化钠经还原后在烟气中富集，在烟道口进行回收。The sodium oxide in the high-speed iron red mud is enriched in the flue gas after being reduced, and is recovered at the flue mouth.
（3）经底顶复合吹熔融还原得到低硫低磷生铁和还原渣（即熔融渣），热态还原渣经调质、离心成纤制备岩棉产品。所述的低硫低磷具体为，满足硫<0.05%，磷<0.05%，低于L03优质炼钢生铁硫（小于等于0.07%）、磷(<0.1%)含量的要求。(3) Low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and reduced slag (that is, molten slag) are obtained through bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction, and the hot reduced slag is quenched and tempered and centrifuged into fibers to prepare rock wool products. The low sulfur and low phosphorus specifically meet the requirements of sulfur <0.05%, phosphorus <0.05%, and lower than L03 high-quality steel-making pig iron sulfur (less than or equal to 0.07%) and phosphorus (<0.1%) content.
有益效果beneficial effect
与现有的高铁赤泥利用相比，本发明的特点和有益效果是：Compared with the utilization of existing high-speed iron red mud, the characteristics and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
（1）利用底顶复合喷吹熔融还原实现高铁赤泥连续还原，直接获得低残留高品质生铁产品；采用本发明方法高铁赤泥中铁的还原率达到95%以上，同时以烟气形式回收的氧化钠的收率达到70%以上。(1) The continuous reduction of high-speed iron red mud is realized by the use of bottom-top composite injection smelting reduction, and the low-residue high-quality pig iron product is directly obtained; the reduction rate of iron in the high-speed iron red mud by the method of the present invention reaches more than 95%, and the iron is recovered in the form of flue gas at the same time. The yield of sodium oxide is over 70%.
（2）熔融还原过程中顶部喷吹富氧空气和燃气，同时熔融还原产生的CO烟气在富氧空气作用充分燃烧对熔池进行补热，保持熔池热平衡，实现了能量的充分利用，降低了能耗。(2) During the smelting reduction process, oxygen-enriched air and fuel gas are injected at the top, and the CO flue gas generated by the smelting reduction is fully burned under the action of the oxygen-enriched air to supplement the heat of the molten pool, maintain the thermal balance of the molten pool, and realize the full utilization of energy. Reduced energy consumption.
（3）采用机械搅拌和气体喷吹搅拌耦合形成的涡流，可以快速卷吸物料，强化物料的弥散，加速还原效率。(3) The vortex formed by the coupling of mechanical stirring and gas injection stirring can quickly entrain the material, strengthen the dispersion of the material, and accelerate the reduction efficiency.
（4）还原渣经调质可用于制备岩棉等产品或水淬作为水泥原料，实现了高铁赤泥中多组分的高值化利用。(4) After quenching and tempering, the reduced slag can be used to prepare products such as rock wool or water quenched as cement raw materials, realizing the high-value utilization of multi-components in high-speed iron red mud.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明方法采用的处理高铁赤泥的底顶复合吹炼熔池还原炉；其中1-原料加入口，2-涡流区，3,4,5,6,7-顶吹喷枪，8-尾气排放口，9-出渣口，10-出铁口，11,12,13,14,15-底吹喷枪。Fig. 1 is the bottom-top composite blowing smelting molten pool reduction furnace used in the method of the present invention for processing high-speed iron red mud; wherein 1-raw material feeding port, 2-vortex zone, 3,4,5,6,7-top blowing lance, 8 -Tail gas discharge port, 9- slag outlet, 10- tap hole, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15- bottom blowing gun.
本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention
本发明实施例1~3的采用的处理高铁赤泥的底顶复合吹炼熔池还原炉结构如图1所示。The structure of the bottom-top composite blowing molten pool reduction furnace for processing high-speed iron red mud adopted in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
本发明实施例所采用的高铁赤泥主要成分为：Fe 2O 341.63%，Al 2O 317.25%，SiO 210.20%，TiO 28.50%，Na 2O6.50%，CaO1.61%及其它物质； The main components of the high iron red mud used in the embodiment of the present invention are: Fe 2 O 3 41.63%, Al 2 O 3 17.25%, SiO 2 10.20%, TiO 2 8.50%, Na 2 O 6.50%, CaO 1.61% and other substances;
所采用的还原剂粉煤的主要成分为：固定碳69.17%，灰分11.13%，挥发分19.42%；The main components of the reducing agent pulverized coal used are: fixed carbon 69.17%, ash 11.13%, volatile matter 19.42%;
所采用的还原剂焦炭的主要成分为：固定碳84.5%，灰分12.1%，挥发分2.3%；The main components of the reducing agent coke used are: fixed carbon 84.5%, ash 12.1%, volatile 2.3%;
所采用的还原剂阴极炭块的主要成分为：固定碳52.1%，灰分37.2%，挥发分9.1%；The main components of the reducing agent cathode carbon block used are: fixed carbon 52.1%, ash content 37.2%, volatile matter 9.1%;
所采用的石灰中有效CaO含量为80%，其余成分为SiO 2及其它物质； The effective CaO content in the lime adopted is 80%, and the remaining components are SiO and other substances ;
所采用的萤石中CaF 2含量为86%，其余成分为Al 2O 3、SiO 2及其它物质。 The content of CaF 2 in the used fluorite is 86%, and the remaining components are Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and other substances.
本发明所述的生产内容不局限于采用该类原料，如还原剂还可以采用煤粉代替，并降低萤石用量；石灰也可以采用碳酸钙或电石冶炼废渣替代。The production content of the present invention is not limited to the use of such raw materials. For example, the reducing agent can also be replaced by pulverized coal, and the amount of fluorite can be reduced; the lime can also be replaced by calcium carbonate or calcium carbide smelting waste residue.
实施例1Example 1
一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法，包括以下步骤：A comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high-speed iron red mud, comprising the following steps:
（1）将高铁赤泥与还原剂、石灰石、萤石混合，其中还原剂为焦炭，还原剂中的碳与高铁赤泥中氧化铁的摩尔比为1.5:1；添加的石灰石中氧化钙与高铁赤泥中氧化硅和氧化铝质量之和的比为1.5:1；萤石添加量为氧化钙量的8%。(1) Mix high iron red mud with reducing agent, limestone and fluorite, wherein the reducing agent is coke, and the molar ratio of carbon in the reducing agent to iron oxide in high iron red mud is 1.5:1; The mass ratio of silica and alumina in high-speed iron red mud is 1.5:1; the amount of fluorite added is 8% of calcium oxide.
（2）将混合料由涡流加料口加入到炉内涡流区，并在机械搅拌形成的涡流下卷入熔池，进行连续加料熔融还原处理。还原过程温度为1650℃，时间为30min。(2) The mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment. The temperature of the reduction process was 1650 °C and the time was 30 min.
还原过程采用CO与O 2的混合气体从还原炉底部吹入，其中CO与O 2摩尔比为0.2:1；从顶部吹入富氧空气和燃气保证还原释放的CO得到充分燃烧以保证炉内热平衡。 In the reduction process, a mixed gas of CO and O 2 is used to blow in from the bottom of the reduction furnace, where the molar ratio of CO to O 2 is 0.2:1; oxygen-enriched air and gas are blown from the top to ensure that the CO released by reduction is fully burned to ensure that the furnace is fully burned. Thermal equilibrium.
（3）经底顶复合吹熔融还原得到低硫低磷生铁和熔融渣，热态还原渣经调质、离心成纤用于制备岩棉产品。本实施例中，高铁赤泥中的铁的还原率为96.5%，同时以烟气形式回收的氧化钠的收率为80%。(3) Low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and molten slag are obtained through bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction, and the hot reduced slag is quenched and tempered and centrifuged into fibers to prepare rock wool products. In the present embodiment, the reduction rate of iron in the high iron red mud is 96.5%, while the yield of sodium oxide recovered in the form of flue gas is 80%.
实施例2Example 2
一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法，包括以下步骤：A comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high-speed iron red mud, comprising the following steps:
（1）将高铁赤泥与还原剂、石灰石、萤石混合，其中还原剂为粉煤，还原剂中的碳与高铁赤泥中氧化铁的摩尔比为6.5:1；添加的石灰石中氧化钙与高铁赤泥中氧化硅和氧化铝质量之和的比为0.8:1；萤石添加量为氧化钙添加量的15%。(1) Mix high iron red mud with a reducing agent, limestone and fluorite, wherein the reducing agent is pulverized coal, and the molar ratio of carbon in the reducing agent to iron oxide in the high iron red mud is 6.5:1; calcium oxide in the added limestone The ratio to the sum of the mass of silica and alumina in high-speed red mud is 0.8:1; the amount of fluorite added is 15% of that of calcium oxide.
（2）将混合料由涡流加料口加入到炉内涡流区，并在机械搅拌形成的涡流下卷入熔池，进行连续加料熔融还原处理。还原过程温度为1450℃，时间为140min。(2) The mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment. The temperature of the reduction process was 1450 °C and the time was 140 min.
还原过程采用CO与O 2的混合气体从还原炉底部吹入，其中CO与O 2摩尔比为1.8:1；从顶部吹入富氧空气和燃气保证还原释放的CO得到充分燃烧以保证炉内热平衡。 In the reduction process, a mixture of CO and O 2 is used to blow in from the bottom of the reduction furnace, where the molar ratio of CO to O 2 is 1.8:1; oxygen-enriched air and gas are blown from the top to ensure that the CO released by reduction is fully burned to ensure that the furnace is fully burned. Thermal equilibrium.
（3）经底顶复合吹熔融还原得到低硫低磷生铁和熔融渣，热态还原渣经调质、离心成纤制备岩棉产品。本实施例中，高铁赤泥中的铁的还原率为95.0%，同时以烟气形式回收的氧化钠的收率为75%。(3) Low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and molten slag are obtained through bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction, and the hot reduced slag is quenched and tempered and centrifuged into fibers to prepare rock wool products. In the present embodiment, the reduction rate of iron in the high iron red mud is 95.0%, and the yield of sodium oxide recovered in the form of flue gas is 75% simultaneously.
实施例3Example 3
一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法，包括以下步骤：A comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high-speed iron red mud, comprising the following steps:
（1）将高铁赤泥与还原剂、石灰石、萤石混合，其中还原剂为废阴极碳块，还原剂中的碳与高铁赤泥中氧化铁的摩尔比为4:1；添加的石灰石中氧化钙与高铁赤泥中氧化硅和氧化铝质量之和的比为1:1；萤石添加量为氧化钙量的10%。(1) Mix high iron red mud with reducing agent, limestone and fluorite, wherein the reducing agent is waste cathode carbon block, and the molar ratio of carbon in reducing agent to iron oxide in high iron red mud is 4:1; The ratio of calcium oxide to the sum of the mass of silica and alumina in high iron red mud is 1:1; the amount of fluorite added is 10% of the amount of calcium oxide.
（2）将混合料由涡流加料口加入到炉内涡流区，并在机械搅拌形成的涡流下卷入熔池，进行连续加料熔融还原处理。还原过程温度为1500℃，时间为60min。(2) The mixed material is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring for continuous feeding and melting reduction treatment. The reduction process temperature was 1500 °C and the time was 60 min.
还原过程采用CH 4与O 2的混合气体从还原炉底部吹入，其中CH 4与O 2摩尔比为1:1；从顶部吹入富氧空气和燃气保证还原释放的CO得到充分燃烧以保证炉内热平衡。 In the reduction process, the mixed gas of CH 4 and O 2 is blown from the bottom of the reduction furnace, wherein the CH 4 and O 2 molar ratio is 1:1; the oxygen-enriched air and gas are blown from the top to ensure that the CO released by the reduction is fully burned to ensure that Heat balance in the furnace.
（3）经底顶复合吹熔融还原得到低硫低磷生铁和熔融渣，热态还原渣经调质、离心等工序用于制备岩棉产品。本实施例中，高铁赤泥中的铁的还原率为95.8%，同时以烟气形式回收的氧化钠的收率为75%。(3) Low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and molten slag are obtained through bottom-top composite blowing smelting reduction, and the hot reduced slag is used to prepare rock wool products through quenching and tempering, centrifugation and other processes. In the present embodiment, the reduction rate of iron in the high iron red mud is 95.8%, and the yield of sodium oxide recovered in the form of flue gas is 75% at the same time.

Claims (4)

  1. 一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction high iron red mud, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
    （1）将高铁赤泥与还原剂、造渣剂、萤石混合；其中，还原剂中的碳与高铁赤泥中氧化铁的摩尔比为(1.5~6.5):1；造渣剂中氧化钙与高铁赤泥中氧化硅和氧化铝质量之和的比为(0.8~1.5):1；萤石添加量为氧化钙量的8%~15%；(1) Mix high iron red mud with reducing agent, slag making agent and fluorite; wherein, the molar ratio of carbon in reducing agent to iron oxide in high iron red mud is (1.5~6.5):1; The ratio of calcium to the sum of the mass of silica and alumina in the high iron red mud is (0.8~1.5):1; the amount of fluorite added is 8%~15% of the amount of calcium oxide;
    （2）将混合料由涡流加料口加入到炉内涡流区，并在机械搅拌形成的涡流下卷入熔池，进行连续加料熔融还原处理；还原过程温度为1450~1700℃，时间为20~140min；还原过程中同时采用顶部喷吹富氧空气和燃气，底部喷吹还原气体和氧气的混合气体；还原气体与氧气的混合比例为其中的CO、H 2或（CO+H 2）与O 2摩尔比为(0.2~1.8):1，或者天然气中CH 4与O 2的摩尔比(1~2):1； (2) The mixture is added to the vortex area in the furnace from the vortex feeding port, and is rolled into the molten pool under the vortex formed by mechanical stirring, and the continuous feeding melting reduction treatment is carried out; the reduction process temperature is 1450~1700℃, and the time is 20~ 140min; in the reduction process, the top is sprayed with oxygen-enriched air and fuel gas, and the bottom is sprayed with a mixed gas of reducing gas and oxygen; the mixing ratio of reducing gas and oxygen is CO, H 2 or (CO+H 2 ) and O 2 The molar ratio is (0.2~1.8):1, or the molar ratio of CH4 and O2 in the natural gas (1~2):1;
    （3）经底顶复合吹熔融还原得到低硫低磷生铁和还原渣，热态还原渣经调质、离心成纤制备岩棉产品。(3) Low-sulfur and low-phosphorus pig iron and reduced slag are obtained through bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction, and the hot reduced slag is quenched and tempered and centrifuged into fibers to prepare rock wool products.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（1）中，所述还原剂为粉煤、焦炭或废阴极碳块中的一种或几种以任意比例混合的混合物；所述造渣剂即为钙源，是石灰石、熟石灰或电石渣中的一种或几种以任意比例混合的混合物。The comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction of high-speed iron red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (1), the reducing agent is pulverized coal, coke or waste cathode carbon block One or more of the mixtures are mixed in any proportion; the slag-forming agent is the calcium source, which is a mixture of one or more of limestone, slaked lime or calcium carbide slag mixed in any proportion.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种底顶复合吹熔融还原高铁赤泥的综合利用方法，其特征在于，所述步骤（2）中，所述还原气体为氢气、一氧化碳或天然气中的一种或几种以任意比例混合的混合气体。The comprehensive utilization method of bottom-top composite blowing melting reduction of high-speed iron red mud according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the step (2), the reducing gas is one of hydrogen, carbon monoxide or natural gas or Several mixed gases in any ratio.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的综合利用方法，其特征在于，高铁赤泥中铁的还原率达到95%以上，同时以烟气形式回收的氧化钠的收率达到70%以上。The comprehensive utilization method according to claim 1, wherein the reduction rate of iron in the high iron red mud reaches more than 95%, and the yield of sodium oxide recovered in the form of flue gas simultaneously reaches more than 70%.
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