WO2022226887A1 - 面罩型呼吸采样器及呼吸测试面罩 - Google Patents
面罩型呼吸采样器及呼吸测试面罩 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022226887A1 WO2022226887A1 PCT/CN2021/090957 CN2021090957W WO2022226887A1 WO 2022226887 A1 WO2022226887 A1 WO 2022226887A1 CN 2021090957 W CN2021090957 W CN 2021090957W WO 2022226887 A1 WO2022226887 A1 WO 2022226887A1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 360
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/08—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of metabolome sampling, and in particular, to a mask-type breath sampler and a breath test mask.
- the air collection bag is the most commonly used offline breath sampling medium, but due to the limited volume of the air collection bag and the low concentration of exhaled metabolites, the use of this traditional sampling method is inconvenient for subsequent detection of exhaled metabolites , the sample pretreatment takes a long time, and the actual detection sensitivity is low. Ambient air itself can directly interfere with exhaled samples, and inhalation exposure can also indirectly affect expiratory metabolism, so traditional sampling methods will affect the analytical sensitivity and accuracy of exhaled samples. In addition, there is a lack of simultaneous sampling techniques for exhaled breath samples and ambient air samples.
- the present disclosure proposes a mask-type respiration sampler and a respiration test mask to at least solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
- a mask-type breath sampler including:
- a first sampling device disposed in the base, the inlet of the first sampling device is communicated with the exhalation inlet, and the exhaled breath enters the first sampling device through the inlet of the first sampling device , the breath is output from the outlet of the first sampling device, and the first sampling device is configured to collect a first breath sample;
- a second sampling device is arranged in the base, the inlet of the second sampling device communicates with the outlet of the first sampling device, and the breath output from the outlet of the first sampling device is sampled by the second sampling device
- the inlet of the device enters into the second sampling device, the exhaled breath is output from the outlet of the second sampling device, and the outlet of the second sampling device is communicated with the expiratory outlet, and the second sampling device is configured To collect a second breath sample
- the third sampling device is arranged in the base, the inlet of the third sampling device is communicated with the external environment, and the gas of the external environment enters the third sampling device through the inlet of the third sampling device, The gas of the external environment is output from the outlet of the third sampling device, the outlet of the third sampling device is communicated with the exhalation outlet, and the third sampling device is configured to collect a gas sample of the external environment.
- the first sampling device includes:
- the first sampling cavity is a channel with three ends open, and the first opening of the first sampling cavity is communicated with the exhalation inlet;
- a first headspace adsorption extraction phase located in the first sampling chamber, configured to extract the first breath sample
- a first sampling valve rotatably connected to the third opening of the first sampling chamber, one end of the first sampling valve is closed, the other end of the first sampling valve is provided with a through hole, the first sampling valve A gas valve communicated with the through hole of the first sampling valve is opened on the side of the valve, and the opening and closing of the second opening of the first sampling chamber is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing of the gas valve of the first sampling valve.
- the second sampling device includes:
- the second sampling cavity is a channel with three ends open, the first opening of the second sampling cavity is communicated with the second opening of the first sampling cavity, and the second opening of the second sampling cavity is connected with the exhalation export communication;
- a second headspace adsorption extraction phase located in the second sampling chamber, configured to extract the second breath sample
- the second sampling valve is rotatably connected to the third opening of the second sampling chamber, one end of the second sampling valve is closed, the other end of the second sampling valve is provided with a through hole, and the second sampling valve A gas valve communicated with the through hole of the first sampling valve is opened on the side of the valve, and the opening and closing of the second opening of the second sampling chamber is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing of the gas valve of the second sampling valve.
- the third sampling device includes:
- the third sampling cavity is a channel with three openings, the first opening of the third sampling cavity is communicated with the external environment, and the second opening of the third sampling cavity is communicated with the exhalation outlet;
- the second headspace adsorption extraction phase is located in the third sampling chamber and configured to extract the gas sample of the external environment
- the third sampling valve is rotatably connected to the opening of the third end of the third sampling chamber, one end of the third sampling valve is closed, the other end of the third sampling valve is provided with a through hole, and the third sampling valve is The side of the valve is provided with a gas valve that communicates with the through hole of the third sampling valve, and the opening and closing of the gas valve of the third sampling valve is adjusted to control the opening of the second end opening of the third sampling chamber and off.
- the first sampling device further includes:
- a first fence arranged on the first opening of the first sampling cavity
- One end of the first column-shaped groove is fixedly connected with the through hole of the first sampling valve, and the first column-shaped groove is configured to place the first headspace adsorption extraction phase.
- the second sampling device further includes:
- a second fence arranged on the first opening of the second sampling cavity
- One end of the second column-shaped groove is fixedly connected with the through hole of the second sampling valve, and the second column-shaped groove is configured to accommodate the second headspace adsorption and extraction phase.
- the third sampling device further includes:
- One end of a third column-shaped groove is fixedly connected with the through hole of the third sampling valve, and the third column-shaped groove is configured to accommodate the third headspace adsorption and extraction phase.
- the mask-type breath sampler further includes a cover, the cover including:
- a shutter configured to be removably attached to the exhalation inlet of the base
- a plug is secured to the shutter, the plug is configured to be inserted into the exhalation outlet of the base, the plug is configured to prevent foreign objects from entering the mask-type breath sampler during non-sampling periods.
- the second opening of the third sampling cavity is a thin cylinder, and the second opening of the third sampling cavity is configured to drive the ambient air into the third sampling cavity based on the Bernoulli effect sampling device.
- the present disclosure also provides a breathing test mask, comprising:
- the mask is provided with a micro-motion air valve, and the micro-motion air valve is fixedly connected to the exhalation inlet of the mask-type breath sampler.
- the mask-type breath sampler in the present disclosure can realize synchronous sampling of exhaled samples and ambient air samples, and improves the accuracy of analyzing exhaled samples.
- the mask-type breath sampler has a simple structure and is combined with headspace adsorption and extraction. In this way, the sample enrichment during the sampling process of the breath sample can be realized, and the sample preprocessing time can be saved.
- the sampling chambers of the mask-type breath sampler in the present disclosure are connected in series with each other, which can accommodate large and diverse headspace adsorption and extraction phases, which improves the sensitivity of exhaled metabolite detection.
- the total volume of the adsorption extraction phase is convenient to selectively put into the headspace adsorption extraction phase of different types and polarities, which is helpful for the diversified detection of metabolic samples.
- each sampling cavity in the mask-type breath sampler in the present disclosure can reduce the sample desorption loss rate of the headspace adsorption extraction phase, which is convenient for carrying and transporting.
- the sampling process uses the biological energy of the subject's own exhalation as the power source, and only relies on the natural breathing process to complete the active sampling of exhaled samples and ambient air samples, which is convenient to use.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a mask-type breath sampler in an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 2 is a top-down disassembled view of a mask-type breath sampler in an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 3 is a bottom disassembled view of the mask-type breath sampler in an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a mask-type breath sampler in an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 5 is a short-side longitudinal cross-sectional view of the mask-type breath sampler in the embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the mask-type breath sampler according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
- the present disclosure provides a mask-type breath sampler, comprising a base, a first sampling device, a second sampling device and a third sampling device, wherein the first sampling device, the second sampling device and the third sampling device are respectively disposed on the base Inside, the base includes an exhalation inlet and an exhalation outlet, the inlet of the first sampling device is communicated with the exhalation inlet, the first sampling device is configured to collect the first exhaled sample; the inlet of the second sampling device is connected with the first sampling device.
- the outlet is communicated, the outlet of the second sampling device is communicated with the exhalation outlet, and the second sampling device is configured to collect the second exhalation sample; the inlet of the third sampling device is communicated with the external environment, and the outlet of the third sampling device is communicated with the exhalation outlet.
- the third sampling device is adapted to collect gas samples of the external environment.
- the "metabolomics" described in this disclosure refers to endogenous metabolites. By analyzing the change rules of these metabolites in body fluids and tissues, gene expression, protein regulation, environmental stress, etc. can be analyzed from the overall level of organisms. The influence of internal and external factors on the state of the body, any changes in physiological, pathological or other factors in the body will affect the concentration of metabolites or change the metabolic flow. Therefore, metabolomics is often used to more truly reflect the actual state of the body.
- expiratory metabolomics refers to the metabolomics that takes the metabolites in the exhaled breath of living organisms as the research object according to the source of the metabolites, such as blood, urine, exhaled metabolome, etc. Breath metabolomics.
- the Bernoulli effect described in this disclosure is also known as the boundary layer surface effect.
- the Bernoulli effect is applicable to all ideal fluids including liquids and gases. It is one of the basic phenomena when the fluid flows stably, reflecting The relationship between the pressure of the fluid and the flow rate.
- the relationship between the flow rate and the pressure is: the greater the flow rate of the fluid, the smaller the pressure; the smaller the flow rate of the fluid, the greater the pressure.
- At least one of the “systems” shall include, but not be limited to, systems with A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and/or A, B, C, etc. ).
- the present disclosure provides a mask-type respiration sampler.
- the mask-type respiration sampler includes: a base 1 , a first sampling device 2 , a second sampling device 3 and a third sampling device 4 .
- the base 1 includes an exhalation inlet 11 and an exhalation outlet 12 .
- the first sampling device 2 is arranged in the base 1, the inlet of the first sampling device 2 is communicated with the exhalation inlet 11 of the base 1, and the first sampling device 2 is configured to collect the first breath sample; the second sampling device 3 is provided with In the base 1, the inlet of the second sampling device 3 communicates with the outlet of the first sampling device 2, the outlet of the second sampling device 3 communicates with the exhalation outlet 12, and the second sampling device 3 is configured to collect the second exhaled sample. .
- Exhaled breath enters the first sampling device 2 from the inlet of the first sampling device 2, and is output to the inlet of the second sampling device 3 from the outlet of the first sampling device 2; In the second sampling device 3, the outlet of the second sampling device 3 is output to the exhalation outlet 12 of the base 1 and output to the external environment.
- the third sampling device 4 is arranged in the base 1, the inlet of the third sampling device 4 is communicated with the external environment, the outlet of the third sampling device 4 is communicated with the exhalation outlet 12, and the third sampling device 4 is configured to collect the gas of the external environment sample.
- the gas in the external environment enters the third sampling device 4 through the inlet of the third sampling device 4 , and the gas in the external environment is output from the outlet of the third sampling device 4 to the exhalation outlet 12 of the base 1 and output into the external environment.
- the first sampling device 2 includes a first sampling chamber 21 , a first headspace adsorption extraction phase 22 and a first sampling valve 23 .
- the first sampling cavity 21 is a channel with three ends open, and the first opening 26 of the first sampling cavity communicates with the exhalation inlet 11 .
- the first headspace adsorption extraction phase 22 is located in the first sampling chamber 21 to extract the first breath sample.
- the first sampling valve 23 is rotatably connected to the third opening 28 of the first sampling chamber, one end of the first sampling valve 23 is closed, the other end of the first sampling valve 23 is provided with a through hole, and the side of the first sampling valve 23 is provided with a through hole.
- the air valve communicated with the through hole 232 of the first sampling valve controls the opening and closing of the second opening 27 of the first sampling chamber by adjusting the opening and closing of the air valve 231 of the first sampling valve.
- the second sampling device 3 includes a second sampling chamber 31 , a second headspace adsorption extraction phase 32 and a second sampling valve 33 .
- the second sampling cavity 31 is a channel with three ends open, the first opening 36 of the second sampling cavity communicates with the second opening 27 of the first sampling cavity, and the second opening 37 of the second sampling cavity communicates with the exhalation outlet 12 .
- the second headspace extraction phase is located in the second sampling chamber 31 to extract the second breath sample.
- the second sampling valve 33 is rotatably connected to the third opening 38 of the second sampling chamber. One end of the second sampling valve 33 is closed, the other end of the second sampling valve 33 is provided with a through hole, and the side of the second sampling valve 33 is provided with a through hole.
- the valve communicating with the through hole of the second sampling valve 33 controls the opening and closing of the second opening 37 of the second sampling chamber by adjusting the opening and closing of the valve of the second sampling valve 33 by rotation.
- the selection of the types of the first headspace adsorption extraction phase 22 and the second headspace adsorption extraction phase 32 depends on the purpose of the sampling experiment, and the two types may be the same type or different types.
- the arrangement of the first sampling cavity 21 and the second sampling cavity 31 expands the sampling area and sampling types, and expands the sampling range.
- the third sampling device 4 includes a third sampling chamber 41 , a second headspace adsorption extraction phase 32 and a third sampling valve 43 .
- the third sampling chamber 41 is a channel with three openings.
- the first opening 45 of the third sampling chamber communicates with the external environment, and the second opening 46 of the third sampling chamber communicates with the exhalation outlet 12; the second headspace adsorption and extraction phase 32 is located in the
- the third sampling chamber 41 is configured to extract gas samples from the external environment;
- the third sampling valve 43 is rotatably connected to the third opening 47 of the third sampling chamber, one end of the third sampling valve 43 is closed, and the third sampling valve 43 is closed at one end.
- the other end is provided with a through hole, and the side of the third sampling valve 43 is provided with a gas valve that communicates with the through hole of the third sampling valve.
- the opening and closing of the two openings 46 is configured to extract gas samples from the external environment;
- the third sampling valve 43 is rotatably connected to the third opening 47 of
- the first sampling chamber 21 , the second sampling chamber 31 and the third sampling chamber 21 of the breath sampler can be adjusted.
- the three sampling chambers 41 are communicated with the external environment, and the first sampling chamber 21 and the second sampling chamber 31 are also communicated to provide an open sampling environment.
- Operation S1 Rotate and adjust the first sampling valve 23 so that the valve 231 of the first sampling valve coincides with the second opening 27 of the first sampling chamber, so as to realize the communication between the first sampling device 2 and the second sampling device 3 .
- Operation S2 Rotate and adjust the second sampling valve 33 so that the valve 331 of the second sampling valve coincides with the second opening 37 of the second sampling chamber, so as to realize the communication between the second sampling device 3 and the external environment.
- Operation S3 Rotate and adjust the third sampling valve 43 so that the valve 431 of the third sampling valve coincides with the first opening 45 of the third sampling chamber, so as to realize the communication between the third sampling device 4 and the external environment.
- the execution order of the above operations S1 to S3 is not specifically limited, and the execution order of the above steps can be arbitrarily arranged to achieve the purpose of providing an open sampling environment for the mask-type breath sampler.
- the first sampling device 2 further includes a first fence 25 and a first columnar groove 24 .
- the first fence 25 is arranged on the first opening 26 of the first sampling chamber; one end of the first cylindrical groove 24 is fixedly connected with the through hole 232 of the first sampling valve, and the first cylindrical groove 24 is configured to place the first headspace adsorption extraction Phase 22.
- the second sampling device 3 also includes a second fence 35 and a second columnar groove 34 .
- the second fence 35 is arranged on the first opening 36 of the second sampling chamber; one end of the second cylindrical groove 34 is fixedly connected with the through hole 332 of the second sampling valve, and the second cylindrical groove 34 is configured to place the second headspace adsorption extraction Phase 32.
- the third sampling device 4 further includes a third column-shaped groove 44, one end of the third column-shaped groove 44 is fixedly connected with the through hole 432 of the third sampling valve, and the third column-shaped groove 44 is configured to place the third headspace adsorption extraction phase 42.
- the mask-type breath sampler further includes a cover 5 , and the cover 5 includes a shutter 51 and a plug 52 .
- the shutter 51 is detachably connected to the exhalation inlet 11 of the base 1, for example, a fixed tooth 53 is provided on the exhalation inlet 11, and a meshing tooth slot (Fig. (not shown in the figure), the assembly and disassembly of the shutter 51 on the exhalation inlet 11 of the base 1 is realized through the insertion and extraction of the fixing teeth 53 and the engaging tooth slots.
- a plug 52 is provided on the shutter 51, the plug 52 is configured to be inserted into the exhalation outlet 12 of the base 1, and the plug 52 is configured to prevent foreign objects from entering the mask-type breath sampler during non-sampling periods middle.
- the protective cover 5 can be installed on the exhalation inlet 11 of the base 1, and the first sampling valve 23, the second sampling valve 33 and the third sampling valve 43 can be closed respectively, so that each sampling device They are independent and airtight from each other, which can reduce the loss rate of each headspace adsorption and extraction phase at room temperature after sampling in a short time, and make the mask-type breath sampler easy to carry and operate.
- Operation S4 Install the protective cover 5 on the exhalation inlet 11 of the base 1, close the exhalation inlet 11, and insert the plug 52 on the protective cover 5 into the expiratory outlet 12, the second sampling chamber Both the opening 37 and the third opening 47 of the third sampling chamber are closed to prevent foreign objects from entering the mask-type breath sampler during non-sampling periods.
- Operation S5 Rotate and adjust the first sampling valve 23, so that the valve 231 of the first sampling valve and the second opening 27 of the first sampling chamber are staggered, so that the second opening 27 of the first sampling chamber and the first sampling chamber The openings 36 are closed between them.
- Operation S6 Rotate and adjust the second sampling valve 33 to make the valve 331 of the second sampling valve intersect with the second opening 37 of the second sampling chamber, so that the space between the second opening 37 of the second sampling chamber and the exhalation outlet 12 is closed .
- Operation S7 Rotate and adjust the third sampling valve 43 so that the valve 431 of the third sampling valve intersects with the first opening 45 of the third sampling chamber, so that the first opening 45 of the third sampling chamber is closed.
- the execution order of the above operations S4 to S7 is not specifically limited, and the execution order of the above steps can be arbitrarily arranged to achieve the purpose of providing a closed sampling environment for the mask-type breath sampler.
- the second opening 46 of the third sampling chamber may be configured as a thin cylinder, and the second opening 46 of the third sampling chamber is configured to drive ambient air into the third sampling device 4 based on the Bernoulli effect .
- the second opening 46 of the third sampling chamber passes through the exhalation outlet 12 and the second opening 37 of the second sampling chamber.
- the outlet 12 rapidly flows out, the ambient air can be driven into the third sampling chamber 41 based on the Bernoulli effect.
- the second opening 46 of the third sampling chamber is designed as a thin cylinder, and combined with the design of each cavity of the mask-type breathing sampler and its air path, the mask-type breathing sampler can be completed only by relying on the natural breathing process Active sampling of exhaled samples and ambient air samples only relies on the biological energy of the tested exhaled object, making the mask-type respiratory sampler more convenient to use.
- the present disclosure also provides a breathing test mask, comprising: the above-mentioned mask-type breath sampler and a mask, the mask being fastened to the exhalation inlet 11 of the mask-type breath sampler.
- the mask-type breath sampler in the present disclosure can realize synchronous sampling of exhaled samples and ambient air samples, and improves the accuracy of analyzing exhaled samples. Realize sample enrichment during breath sample sampling and save sample preprocessing time.
- the sampling chambers of the mask-type breath sampler are connected in series, which can accommodate large-volume and diverse headspace adsorption and extraction phases, which improves the sensitivity of exhaled metabolite detection.
- the volume is convenient to selectively put into different types and polarities of headspace adsorption extraction phases, which is helpful for the diversified detection of metabolic samples.
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Abstract
提供了一种面罩型呼吸采样器及呼吸测试面罩。面罩型呼吸采样器包括基座（1）及设于基座（1）内的第一采样装置（2）、第二采样装置（3）和第三采样装置（4）。基座（1）包括呼气入口（11）和呼气出口（12）。第一采样装置（2）的入口与呼气入口（11）相通，第一采样装置（2）用于采集第一呼气样品；第二采样装置（3）的入口与第一采样装置（2）的出口相通，第二采样装置（3）的出口与呼气出口（12）相通，第二采样装置（3）用于采集第二呼气样品；第三采样装置（4）的入口与外界环境相通，第三采样装置（4）的出口与呼气出口（12）相通，第三采样装置（4）用于采集外界环境的气体样品。本公开可实现不同样品的同步采样，提高了分析样品的准确性，采样器结构简单，可实现呼气样品采样过程中的样品富集，节省样品前处理时间。
Description
本公开涉及代谢组采样领域，尤其涉及一种面罩型呼吸采样器及呼吸测试面罩。
在代谢组学研究中，由于代谢样品来源的不同而导致其采样方式存在一定差异。通过比较不同代谢组中样品的采样方式可知，呼气代谢组学研究具有可连续采样的优势。生物体的气血屏障具有半透性，可观的呼吸过程中气液交换面积、水汽蒸发和下呼吸道(细支气管、呼吸性细支气管、肺泡管等)内表面液膜的气动雾化，呼气代谢组不仅反映以肺部为主的相关组织代谢，还可以通过呈现血液中代谢物来反映继发性和全身性代谢。
目前，采气袋是最常用的离线呼气采样媒介，但受限于采气袋有限的体积和呼气代谢物本身浓度较低，使用该传统采样方式不便于后续对呼气代谢物的检测，样品前处理耗时较长，并且实际检测的灵敏度较低。环境空气自身可直接干扰呼气样品，以及吸入暴露也可间接影响呼气代谢，因此传统采样方式会对呼气样品的分析灵敏度及准确性造成影响。此外，尚缺乏对呼气样品与环境空气样品的同步采样技术。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本公开提出了一种面罩型呼吸采样器及呼吸测试面罩，以至少解决上述现有技术中存在的问题。
(二)技术方案
为达到上述目的，本公开提供了一种面罩型呼吸采样器，包括：
基座，包括呼气入口和呼气出口；
第一采样装置，设置于所述基座内，所述第一采样装置的入口与所述呼气入口相通，所述呼气由所述第一采样装置的入口进入所述第一采样装置内，所述呼气由第一采样装置的出口输出，所述第一采样装置配置为采集第一呼气样品；
第二采样装置，设置于所述基座内，所述第二采样装置的入口与第一采样装置的出口相通，所述第一采样装置的出口输出的所述呼气由所述第二采样装置的入口进入所述第二采样装置内，所述呼气由所述第二采样装置的出口输出，所述第二采样装置的出口与所述呼气出口相通，所述第二采样装置配置为采集第二呼气样品；
第三采样装置，设置于所述基座内，所述第三采样装置的入口与外界环境相通，所述外界环境的气体由所述第三采样装置的入口进入所述第三采样装置内，所述外界环境的气体由所述第三采样装置的出口输出，所述第三采样装置的出口与所述呼气出口相通，所述第三采样装置配置为采集所述外界环境的气体样品。
在本公开的一些实施例中，第一采样装置包括：
第一采样腔，为三端开口的通道，所述第一采样腔的第一开口与所述呼气入口相通；
第一顶空吸附萃取相，位于所述第一采样腔内，配置为萃取所述第一呼气样品；
第一采样阀，旋转连接于所述第一采样腔的第三开口上，所述第一采样阀的一端封闭，所述第一采样阀的另一端开设有通孔，所述第一采样阀的侧面开设有与所述第一采样阀的所述通孔相贯通的气门，通过调节所述第一采样阀的气门的打开和关闭控制所述第一采样腔的第二开口的打开和关闭。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第二采样装置包括：
第二采样腔，为三端开口的通道，所述第二采样腔的第一开口与所述第一采样腔的第二开口相通，所述第二采样腔的第二开口与所述呼气出口相通；
第二顶空吸附萃取相，位于所述第二采样腔内，配置为萃取所述第二呼气样品；
第二采样阀，旋转连接于所述第二采样腔的第三开口上，所述第二采样阀的一端封闭，所述第二采样阀的另一端开设有通孔，所述第二采样阀的侧面开设有与所述第一采样阀的所述通孔相贯通的气门，通过调节所述第二采样阀的气门的打开和关闭控制所述第二采样腔的第二开口的打开和关闭。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第三采样装置包括：
第三采样腔，为三开口的通道，所述第三采样腔的第一开口与所述外界环境相通，所述第三采样腔的第二开口与所述呼气出口相通；
第二顶空吸附萃取相，位于所述第三采样腔内，配置为萃取所述外界环境的气体样品；
第三采样阀，旋转连接于所述第三采样腔的第三端开口上，所述第三采样阀的一端封闭，所述第三采样阀的另一端开设有通孔，所述第三采样阀的侧面开设有与所述第三采样阀的所述通孔相贯通的气门，通过调节所述第三采样阀的气门的打开和关闭控制所述第三采样腔的第二端开口的打开和关闭。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第一采样装置还包括：
第一栅栏，设于所述第一采样腔的第一开口上；
第一柱状槽，一端与所述第一采样阀的所述通孔固连，所述第一柱状槽配置为放置所述第一顶空吸附萃取相。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第二采样装置还包括：
第二栅栏，设于所述第二采样腔的第一开口上；
第二柱状槽，一端与所述第二采样阀的所述通孔固连，所述第二柱状槽配置为放置所述第二顶空吸附萃取相。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第三采样装置还包括：
第三柱状槽，一端与所述第三采样阀的所述通孔固连，所述第三柱状槽配置为放置所述第三顶空吸附萃取相。
在本公开的一些实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器还包括护盖，所述护盖包括：
遮板，被构造成能够拆卸连接于所述基座的所述呼气入口上；
插头，固连于所述遮板上，所述插头被构造成插入所述基座的呼气出口中，所述插头配置为防止异物在非采样期间进入所述面罩型呼吸采样器中。
在本公开的一些实施例中，所述第三采样腔的第二开口为细筒状，所述第三采样腔的第二开口被构造成基于伯努利效应驱动所述环境空气进入第三采样装置。
本公开还提供了一种呼吸测试面罩，包括：
所述面罩型呼吸采样器；
面罩，带有微动气阀，所述微动气阀固连于所述面罩型呼吸采样器的所述呼气入口上。
(三)有益效果
从上述技术方案可以看出，本公开的面罩型呼吸采样器至少具有以下有益效果其中之一或其中一部分：
(1)本公开中的面罩型呼吸采样器可实现对呼气样品与环境空气样品的同步采样，提高了分析呼气样品的准确性，该面罩型呼吸采样器结构简单，结合顶空吸附萃取方式，可实现呼气样品采样过程中的样品富集，节省样品前处理时间。
(2)本公开中的面罩型呼吸采样器的各个采样腔相互串联，可容纳大体积、多样化的顶空吸附萃取相，提高了对呼气代谢物检测的灵敏度，其较大的顶空吸附萃取相总容积，便于选择性地放入不同类别和极性的顶空吸附萃取相，有助于实现代谢样品的多样化检测。
(3)本公开中的面罩型呼吸采样器中各个采样腔的设计可降低顶空吸附萃取相的样品解吸损失率，便于随身携带和转运。该采样过程以受试呼气对象自身的生物能为动力来源，仅依靠自然的呼吸过程即可完成对呼气样品与环境空气样品的主动采样，使用便捷。
图1是本公开实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器的外观示意图；
图2是本公开实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器的俯视拆解图；
图3是本公开实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器的仰视拆解图；
图4是本公开实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器的横切剖面图；
图5为本公开实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器的短边纵切剖面图；
图6为本公开实施例中面罩型呼吸采样器的长边纵切剖面图。
附图标记：
1-基座，11-呼气入口，12-呼气出口，2-第一采样装置，21-第一采样腔，22-第一顶空吸附萃取相，23-第一采样阀，231-第一采样阀的气门，232-第一采样阀的通孔，24-第一柱状槽，25-第一栅栏，26-第一采样腔的第一开口，27-第一采样腔的第二开口，28-第一采样腔的第三开口，3-第二采样装置，31-第二采样腔，32-第二顶空吸附萃取相，33-第二采样阀，331-第二采样阀的气门，332-第二采样阀的通孔，34-第二柱状槽，35-第二栅栏，36-第二采样腔的第一开口，37-第二采样腔的第二开口，38-第二采样腔的第三开口，4-第三采样装置，41-第三采样腔，42-第三顶空吸附萃取相，43-第三采样阀，431-第三采样阀的气门，432-第三采样阀的通孔，44-第三柱状槽，45-第三采样腔的第一开口，46-第三采样腔的第二开口，47-第三采样腔的第三开口，5-护盖，51-遮板，52-插头，53-固定齿。
本公开提供了一种面罩型呼吸采样器，包括基座、第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第三采样装置，第一采样装置、第二采样装置和第三采样装置分别设置于基座内，基座包括呼气入口和呼气出口，第一采样装置的入口与呼气入口相通，第一采样装置配置为采集第一呼气样品；第二采样装置的入口与第一采样装置的出口相通，第二采样装置的出口与呼气出口相通，第二采样装置配置为采集第二呼气样品；第三采样装置的入口与外界环境相通，第三采样装置的出口与呼气出口相通，第三采样装置适配置为采集外界环境的气体样品。上述面罩型呼吸采样器可实现对呼气样品与环境空气样品的同步采样，提高了分析呼气样品的准确性，该面罩型呼吸采样器结构简单，结合顶空吸附萃取方式，可实现呼气样品采样过程中的样品富集，节省样品前处理时间。
在描述问题的解决方案之前，先定义一些特定词汇是有帮助的。
本公开所述的「代谢组学」，研究对象是内源性代谢物质，通过分析这些代谢物质在体液及组织内的变化规律，可以从生物整体水平上分析基因表达、蛋白质调节、环境胁迫等内外因素对机体状态的影响，机体内任何生理、病理或其他因素的变化都会影响代谢物的浓度或使代谢流发生改变。因此，代谢组学常用于更真实地反映机体实际状况。
本公开所述的「呼气代谢组学」，依据代谢物的样品来源，例如：血液、尿液、呼气代谢组等，以活体呼出气中的代谢物为研究对象的代谢组学称为呼气代谢组学。
本公开所述的「伯努利效应」，又称为边界层表面效应，伯努利效应适用于包括液体和气体在内的一切理想流体，是流体作稳定流动时的基本现象之一，反映出流体的压强与流速的关系。该流速与压强的关系为：流体的流速越大，压强越小；流体的流速越小，压强越大。
以下，将参照附图来描述本公开的实施例。但是应该理解，这些描述只是示例性的，而并非要限制本公开的范围。在下面的详细描述中，为便于解释，阐述了许多具体的细节以提供对本公开实施例的全面理解。然而，明显地，一个或多个实施例在没有这些具体细节的情况下也可以被实施。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要地混淆本公开的概念。
在此使用的术语仅仅是为了描述具体实施例，而并非意在限制本公开。在此使用的术语“包括”、“包含”等表明了所述特征、步骤、操作和/或部件的存在，但是并不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、步骤、操作或部件。
在此使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有本领域技术人员通常所理解的含义，除非另外定义。应注意，这里使用的术语应解释为具有与本说明书的上下文相一致的含义，而不应以理想化或过于刻板的方式来解释。
在使用类似于“A、B和C等中至少一个”这样的表述的情况下，一般来说应该按照本领域技术人员通常理解该表述的含义来予以解释(例如，“具有A、B和C中至少一个的系统”应包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B、C的系统等)。在使用类似于“A、B或C等中至少一个”这样的表述的情况下，一般来说应该按照本领域技术人员通常理解该表述的含义来予以解释(例如，“具有A、B或C中至少一个的系统”应包括但不限于单独具有A、单独具有B、单独具有C、具有A和B、具有A和C、具有B和C、和/或具有A、B、C的系统等)。
本公开提供了一种面罩型呼吸采样器，结合图1至图6所示，该面罩型呼吸采样器包括：基座1、第一采样装置2、第二采样装置3和第三采样装置4。基座1包括呼气入口11和呼气出口12。
第一采样装置2设置于基座1内，第一采样装置2的入口与基座1的呼气入口11相通，第一采样装置2配置为采集第一呼气样品；第二采样装置3设置于基座1内，第二采样装置3的入口与第一采样装置2的出口相通，第二采样装置3的出口与呼气出口12相通，第二采样装置3配置为采集第二呼气样品。呼气由第一采样装置2的入口进入至第一采样装置2内，并由第一采样装置2的出口输出至第二采样装置3的入口；呼气由第二采样装置3的入口进 入第二采样装置3内，由第二采样装置3的出口输出至基座1的呼气出口12并输出外界环境中。
第三采样装置4设置于基座1内，第三采样装置4的入口与外界环境相通，第三采样装置4的出口与呼气出口12相通，第三采样装置4配置为采集外界环境的气体样品。外界环境的气体由第三采样装置4的入口进入至第三采样装置4内，外界环境的气体由第三采样装置4的出口输出至基座1的呼气出口12并输出外界环境中。
具体地，如图4所示，第一采样装置2包括第一采样腔21、第一顶空吸附萃取相22和第一采样阀23。第一采样腔21为三端开口的通道，第一采样腔的第一开口26与呼气入口11相通。第一顶空吸附萃取相22位于第一采样腔21内萃取第一呼气样品。第一采样阀23旋转连接于第一采样腔的第三开口28上，第一采样阀23的一端封闭，第一采样阀23的另一端开设有通孔，第一采样阀23的侧面开设有与第一采样阀的通孔232相贯通的气门，通过旋转调节第一采样阀的气门231的打开和关闭控制第一采样腔的第二开口27的打开和关闭。
第二采样装置3包括第二采样腔31、第二顶空吸附萃取相32和第二采样阀33。第二采样腔31为三端开口的通道，第二采样腔的第一开口36与第一采样腔的第二开口27相通，第二采样腔的第二开口37与呼气出口12相通。第二顶空萃取相位于第二采样腔31内萃取第二呼气样品。第二采样阀33旋转连接于第二采样腔的第三开口38上，第二采样阀33的一端封闭，第二采样阀33的另一端开设有通孔，第二采样阀33的侧面开设有与第二采样阀33的通孔相贯通的气门，通过旋转调节第二采样阀33的气门的打开和关闭控制第二采样腔的第二开口37的打开和关闭。
上述第一顶空吸附萃取相22和第二顶空吸附萃取相32的类型的选取由采样实验目的而定，二者类型为同一类型或不同类型均可。第一采样腔21及第二采样腔31的布置扩大了采样面积及采样种类，扩大的采样范围。
第三采样装置4包括第三采样腔41、第二顶空吸附萃取相32和第三采样阀43。第三采样腔41为三开口的通道，第三采样腔的第一开口45与外界环境相通，第三采样腔的第二开口46与呼气出口12相通；第二顶空吸附萃取相32位于第三采样腔41内，配置为萃取外界环境的气体样品；第三采样阀43旋转连接于第三采样腔的第三开口47上，第三采样阀43的一端封闭，第三采样阀43的另一端开设有通孔，第三采样阀43的侧面开设有与第三采样阀的通孔相贯通的气门，通过旋转调节第三采样阀的气门431的打开和关闭控制第三采样腔的第二开口46的打开和关闭。
在采样过程中，通过调节面罩型呼吸采样器的第一采样阀23、第二采样阀33和第三采样阀43，使该呼吸采样器的第一采样腔21、第二采样腔31和第三采样腔41与外界环境相连 通，且使该第一采样腔21与第二采样腔31之间也相连通，提供开放的采样环境。
实现上述面罩型呼吸采样器的开放采样环境的具体步骤如下：
操作S1：旋转调节第一采样阀23，使第一采样阀的气门231与第一采样腔的第二开口27重合，实现第一采样装置2与第二采样装置3的连通。
操作S2：旋转调节第二采样阀33，使第二采样阀的气门331与第二采样腔的第二开口37重合，实现第二采样装置3与外界环境的连通。
操作S3：旋转调节第三采样阀43，使第三采样阀的气门431与第三采样腔的第一开口45重合，实现第三采样装置4与外界环境的连通。
上述操作S1～S3的执行顺序不做具体限定，上述步骤的执行顺序做任意安排，均可实现提供面罩型呼吸采样器的开放采样环境的目的。
本公开的一些实时例中，第一采样装置2还包括第一栅栏25和第一柱状槽24。第一栅栏25设于第一采样腔的第一开口26上；第一柱状槽24的一端与第一采样阀的通孔232固连，第一柱状槽24配置为放置第一顶空吸附萃取相22。
第二采样装置3还包括第二栅栏35和第二柱状槽34。第二栅栏35设于第二采样腔的第一开口36上；第二柱状槽34的一端与第二采样阀的通孔332固连，第二柱状槽34配置为放置第二顶空吸附萃取相32。
第三采样装置4还包括第三柱状槽44，该第三柱状槽44的一端与第三采样阀的通孔432固连，第三柱状槽44配置为放置所述第三顶空吸附萃取相42。
本公开的一些实时例中，该面罩型呼吸采样器还包括护盖5，该护盖5包括遮板51和插头52。遮板51可拆卸连接于基座1的呼气入口11上，例如：在呼气入口11上设置固定齿53，并在遮板51上设置与上述固定齿53相配合的啮合齿槽(图中未示出)，通过固定齿53与啮合齿槽的插拔，实现遮板51在基座1的呼气入口11上的装配和拆卸。此外，插头52设于遮板51上，所述插头52被构造成插入所述基座1的呼气出口12中，所述插头52配置为防止异物在非采样期间进入该面罩型呼吸采样器中。
采样完成后，即非采样期间，可将护盖5安装在基座1的呼气入口11上，分别关闭第一采样阀23、第二采样阀33和第三采样阀43，使各个采样装置均相互独立密闭，短时间内可实现采样后常温下，降低各个顶空吸附萃取相的损失率，且使该面罩型呼吸采样器便于随身携带和运转。
实现上述面罩型呼吸采样器的密闭采样环境的具体步骤如下：
操作S4：将护盖5安装在基座1的呼气入口11上，使呼气入口11关闭，同时将护盖5上的插头52嵌入呼气出口12上，则第二采样腔的第二开口37和第三采样腔的第三开口47 均关闭，防止异物在非采样期间进入该面罩型呼吸采样器中。
操作S5：旋转调节第一采样阀23，使第一采样阀的气门231与第一采样腔的第二开口27相交错，使第一采样腔的第二开口27与第二采样腔的第一开口36之间关闭。
操作S6：旋转调节第二采样阀33，使第二采样阀的气门331与第二采样腔的第二开口37相交错，使第二采样腔的第二开口37与呼气出口12之间关闭。
操作S7：旋转调节第三采样阀43，使第三采样阀的气门431与第三采样腔的第一开口45相交错，使第三采样腔的第一开口45关闭。
上述操作S4～S7的执行顺序不做具体限定，上述步骤的执行顺序做任意安排，均可实现提供面罩型呼吸采样器的密闭采样环境的目的。
本公开的一些实时例中，第三采样腔的第二开口46可设置为细筒状，第三采样腔的第二开口46被构造成基于伯努利效应驱动环境空气进入第三采样装置4。
该第三采样腔的第二开口46贯通呼气出口12和第二采样腔的第二开口37，当呼气通过第一采样腔21和第二采样腔31，并从较小截面的呼气出口12中快速流出时，基于伯努利效应可驱动环境空气进入第三采样腔41。
第三采样腔的第二开口46设计成细筒状的方案，并结合面罩型呼吸采样器的各个腔体及其气路设计，使该面罩型呼吸采样器只依靠自然的呼吸过程即可完成对呼气样品与环境空气样品的主动采样，仅依赖受试呼气对象自身的生物能，使面罩型呼吸采样器应用起来更加便捷。
本公开还提供了一种呼吸测试面罩，包括：上述面罩型呼吸采样器和面罩，该面罩固连于面罩型呼吸采样器的呼气入口11上。
本公开中的面罩型呼吸采样器可实现对呼气样品与环境空气样品的同步采样，提高了分析呼气样品的准确性，该面罩型呼吸采样器结构简单，结合顶空吸附萃取方式，可实现呼气样品采样过程中的样品富集，节省样品前处理时间。此外，该面罩型呼吸采样器的各个采样腔相互串联，可容纳大体积、多样化的顶空吸附萃取相，提高了对呼气代谢物检测的灵敏度，其较大的顶空吸附萃取相总容积，便于选择性地放入不同类别和极性的顶空吸附萃取相，有助于实现代谢样品的多样化检测。
还需要说明的是，实施例中提到的方向用语，例如“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”等，仅是参考附图的方向，并非用来限制本公开的保护范围。贯穿附图，相同的元素由相同或相近的附图标记来表示。在可能导致对本公开的理解造成混淆时，将省略常规结构或构造，并且图中各部件的形状和尺寸不反映真实大小和比例，而仅示意本公开实施例的内容。
除非有所知名为相反之意，本说明书及所附权利要求中的数值参数是近似值，能够根据 通过本公开的内容所得的所需特性改变。具体而言，所有使用于说明书及权利要求中表示组成的含量、反应条件等等的数字，应理解为在所有情况中是受到“约”的用语所修饰。一般情况下，其表达的含义是指包含由特定数量在一些实施例中±10％的变化、在一些实施例中±5％的变化、在一些实施例中±1％的变化、在一些实施例中±0.5％的变化。
说明书与权利要求中所使用的序数例如“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等的用词，以修饰相应的元件，其本身并不意味着该元件有任何的序数，也不代表某一元件与另一元件的顺序、或是制造方法上的顺序，该些序数的使用仅用来使具有某命名的一元件得以和另一具有相同命名的元件能做出清楚区分。
此外，除非特别描述或必须依序发生的步骤，上述步骤的顺序并无限制于以上所列，且可根据所需设计而变化或重新安排。并且上述实施例可基于设计及可靠度的考虑，彼此混合搭配使用或与其他实施例混合搭配使用，即不同实施例中的技术特征可以自由组合形成更多的实施例。
以上所述的具体实施例，对本公开的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本公开的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种面罩型呼吸采样器，包括：基座，包括呼气入口和呼气出口；第一采样装置，设置于所述基座内，所述第一采样装置的入口与所述呼气入口相通，所述呼气由所述第一采样装置的入口进入所述第一采样装置内，所述呼气由第一采样装置的出口输出，所述第一采样装置配置为采集第一呼气样品；第二采样装置，设置于所述基座内，所述第二采样装置的入口与第一采样装置的出口相通，所述第一采样装置的出口输出的所述呼气由所述第二采样装置的入口进入所述第二采样装置内，所述呼气由所述第二采样装置的出口输出，所述第二采样装置的出口与所述呼气出口相通，所述第二采样装置配置为采集第二呼气样品；第三采样装置，设置于所述基座内，所述第三采样装置的入口与外界环境相通，所述外界环境的气体由所述第三采样装置的入口进入所述第三采样装置内，所述外界环境的气体由所述第三采样装置的出口输出，所述第三采样装置的出口与所述呼气出口相通，所述第三采样装置配置为采集所述外界环境的气体样品。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，第一采样装置包括：第一采样腔，为三端开口的通道，所述第一采样腔的第一开口与所述呼气入口相通；第一顶空吸附萃取相，位于所述第一采样腔内，配置为萃取所述第一呼气样品；第一采样阀，旋转连接于所述第一采样腔的第三开口上，所述第一采样阀的一端封闭，所述第一采样阀的另一端开设有通孔，所述第一采样阀的侧面开设有与所述第一采样阀的所述通孔相贯通的气门，通过调节所述第一采样阀的气门的打开和关闭控制所述第一采样腔的第二开口的打开和关闭。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，所述第二采样装置包括：第二采样腔，为三端开口的通道，所述第二采样腔的第一开口与所述第一采样腔的第二开口相通，所述第二采样腔的第二开口与所述呼气出口相通；第二顶空吸附萃取相，位于所述第二采样腔内，配置为萃取所述第二呼气样品；第二采样阀，旋转连接于所述第二采样腔的第三开口上，所述第二采样阀的一端封闭，所述第二采样阀的另一端开设有通孔，所述第二采样阀的侧面开设有与所述第一采样阀的所述通孔相贯通的气门，通过调节所述第二采样阀的气门的打开和关闭控制所述第二采样腔的第二开口的打开和关闭。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，所述第三采样装置包括：第三采样腔，为三开口的通道，所述第三采样腔的第一开口与所述外界环境相通，所述第三采样腔的第二开口与所述呼气出口相通；第二顶空吸附萃取相，位于所述第三采样腔内，配置为萃取所述外界环境的气体样品；第三采样阀，旋转连接于所述第三采样腔的第三端开口上，所述第三采样阀的一端封闭，所述第三采样阀的另一端开设有通孔，所述第三采样阀的侧面开设有与所述第三采样阀的所述通孔相贯通的气门，通过调节所述第三采样阀的气门的打开和关闭控制所述第三采样腔的第二端开口的打开和关闭。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，所述第一采样装置还包括：第一栅栏，设于所述第一采样腔的第一开口上；第一柱状槽，一端与所述第一采样阀的所述通孔固连，所述第一柱状槽配置为放置所述第一顶空吸附萃取相。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，所述第二采样装置还包括：第二栅栏，设于所述第二采样腔的第一开口上；第二柱状槽，一端与所述第二采样阀的所述通孔固连，所述第二柱状槽配置为放置所述第二顶空吸附萃取相。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，所述第三采样装置还包括：第三柱状槽，一端与所述第三采样阀的所述通孔固连，所述第三柱状槽配置为放置所述第三顶空吸附萃取相。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，还包括护盖，所述护盖包括：遮板，被构造成能够拆卸连接于所述基座的所述呼气入口上；插头，固连于所述遮板上，所述插头被构造成插入所述基座的呼气出口中，所述插头配置为防止异物在非采样期间进入所述面罩型呼吸采样器中。
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种面罩型呼吸采样器，其中，所述第三采样腔的第二开口为细筒状，所述第三采样腔的第二开口被构造成基于伯努利效应驱动所述环境空气进入第三采样装置。
- 一种呼吸测试面罩，包括：权利要求1-9中任一项所述的面罩型呼吸采样器；面罩，带有微动气阀，所述微动气阀固连于所述面罩型呼吸采样器的所述呼气入口上。
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