WO2022225387A1 - System for utilizing coldness from lng regasification - Google Patents

System for utilizing coldness from lng regasification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022225387A1
WO2022225387A1 PCT/MY2021/050032 MY2021050032W WO2022225387A1 WO 2022225387 A1 WO2022225387 A1 WO 2022225387A1 MY 2021050032 W MY2021050032 W MY 2021050032W WO 2022225387 A1 WO2022225387 A1 WO 2022225387A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lng
heat exchanger
pipe
coldness
working fluid
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Application number
PCT/MY2021/050032
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Khairul Ikmal OMAR
Khairunnisa JAMALUDDIN
Munira Shahrul BAHARIN
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Wasave Sdn Bhd
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Priority to PCT/MY2021/050032 priority Critical patent/WO2022225387A1/en
Publication of WO2022225387A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022225387A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/05—Regasification

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to utilizing coldness from the regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquified natural gas
  • cooling systems such as HVAC for buildings, refrigeration, etc., that require high amounts of energy to operate.
  • the present invention provides a system that utilizes coldness that is captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process in cooling systems such as building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and direct fired absorption chillers (DFAC).
  • LNG liquified natural gas
  • HVAC building heating, ventilation and air conditioning
  • DFAC direct fired absorption chillers
  • This invention is different to other processes where coldness is captured during LNG gasification in LNG gasification plants where the main product is the gasified LNG or methane gas, and the coldness is a secondary or a wasted product.
  • gasified LNG or methane gas is not a product but merely a fluid used in a cycle to achieve the main product, which is the coldness from the gasification of the LNG.
  • the primary objective of this invention is to reduce or eliminate entirely the power or energy requirements of cooling systems such as refrigerators, freezers, chillers and air conditioners.
  • This objective is reached by a system that gasifies and then reliquefies LNG in a cyclic fashion.
  • the coldness captured from the gasification of LNG is channeled via a working fluid either directly to the HVAC system, or to the cooling line of a DFAC which produces coldness for further use.
  • methane or natural gas (NG) from a boil off gas (BOG) exhaust in the LNG storage tank is used to power the DFAC’s generator.
  • NG methane or natural gas
  • BOG boil off gas
  • This invention thus relates to a system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process, comprising: a LNG storage tank for storing an amount of LNG having a first outlet and a first inlet in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe located externally to the LNG storage tank, and said LNG pumped through the first pipe from the first outlet to the first inlet in a circulatory fashion; a first heat exchanger for gasifying the LNG in the first pipe into NG by transferring heat from a working fluid flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe to the first pipe such that the LNG in the first pipe is at least partially gasified into NG in the process, such that the working fluid becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger.
  • LNG liquified natural gas
  • the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a cooling line of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC), and circulated back to the first heat exchanger.
  • DFAC direct fired absorption chiller
  • the generator of the DFAC is powered by NG from a boil off gas (BOG) valve of the LNG storage tank.
  • BOG valve functions to exhaust any gases that accumulate in the storage tank (10).
  • the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a HVAC system, and circulated back to the first heat exchanger.
  • the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a HVAC system, and circulated back to the first heat exchanger, and a portion of the natural gas (NG) produced during the regasification process in the first heat exchanger is combusted to heat a water and lithium bromide solution in the DFAC’s generator.
  • NG natural gas
  • system further comprises a second heat exchanger for transferring heat away from said gasified LNG in the first pipe, such that the gasified LNG returns to a liquid phase before being channeled back into the storage tank. In this way, the LNG in the storage tank is kept in a liquid phase.
  • the heat generated from reliquifying the NG in the second heat exchanger is transferred to the first heat exchanger in a circulatory fashion.
  • the heat generated from reliquifying the NG in the second heat exchanger is absorbed by an intermediary fluid, such as liquid butane, propane, ethlyne glycol or similar fluid.
  • Cooling solutions such as HVAC systems and DFAC units consume a large amount of energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a second embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of this invention.
  • LNG liquified natural gas
  • FIG. 10 shows a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment of this invention, where coldness captured from regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG) is sent to cooling line of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC).
  • LNG liquified natural gas
  • DFAC direct fired absorption chiller
  • a LNG storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG.
  • the storage tank (10) is provided with a first outlet (12) for allowing the stored LNG to flow out of the storage tank (10), and a first inlet (14) for allowing fluid to flow back into the storage tank (10).
  • the first outlet (12) and first inlet (14) are in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10). Fluid is pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion.
  • the first heat exchanger (30) transfers heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified into natural gas (NG).
  • NG natural gas
  • the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30) as it transfers its heat to the first pipe (20).
  • the temperature of the LNG in the first pipe (20) as it enters the first heat exchanger (30) is around -162°C, and after it is gasified, it has a temperature range between -155°C and 28°C.
  • the working fluid (32) enters the first heat exchanger (30) at a temperature range between 30°C and 2°C, and after being cooled by the first heat exchanger (30), leaves at a temperature range between -30°C and 21°C.
  • the working fluid (32) can be any fluid that is able to stay in a liquid phase at these temperatures.
  • the working fluid is a water and glycol mixture.
  • the working fluid (32) is then channeled to a cooling line (50) or cooling lines of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC).
  • DFAC direct fired absorption chiller
  • any NG in a gaseous phase present in the LNG storage tank (10) is bled out via a boil off gas (BOG) valve (18).
  • This NG is fed through a boil off gas (BOG) pipe (19) to a generator of the DFAC, where it is combusted to heat a water and lithium bromide solution in the DFAC’s generator.
  • a second embodiment of this invention whereby the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a HVAC system, and circulated back to the first heat exchanger.
  • a liquified natural gas (LNG) storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG.
  • the storage tank (10) is provided with a first outlet (12) for allowing the stored LNG to flow out of the storage tank (10), and a first inlet (14) for allowing fluid to flow back into the storage tank (10).
  • the first outlet (12) and first inlet (14) are in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10). Fluid is pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion.
  • the first heat exchanger (30) transfers heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified into natural gas (NG).
  • NG natural gas
  • the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30) as it transfers its heat to the first pipe (20).
  • the temperature of the LNG in the first pipe (20) as it enters the first heat exchanger (30) is around -162°C, and after it is gasified, it has a temperature range between -155°C and 28°C.
  • the working fluid (32) enters the first heat exchanger (30) at a temperature range between 30°C and 2°C, and after being cooled by the first heat exchanger (30), leaves at a temperature range between -30°C and 21°C.
  • the working fluid (32) can be any fluid that is able to stay in a liquid phase at these temperatures.
  • the working fluid is a water and glycol mixture.
  • the working fluid (32) is then channeled to a HVAC system (60) to either enhance the cooling capacity of the HVAC, without increasing the power supplied to it, or to maintain the cooling capacity of the HVAC while reducing its grid power requirement.
  • FIG. 10 shows a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of this invention, where coldness captured from regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG) is sent directly to a HVAC system.
  • a LNG storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG.
  • the storage tank (10) is provided with a first outlet (12) for allowing the stored LNG to flow out of the storage tank (10), and a first inlet (14) for allowing fluid to flow back into the storage tank (10).
  • the first outlet (12) and first inlet (14) are in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10). Fluid is pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion.
  • the first heat exchanger (30) transfers heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified into natural gas (NG).
  • NG natural gas
  • the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30) as it transfers its heat to the first pipe (20).
  • the temperature of the LNG in the first pipe (20) as it enters the first heat exchanger (30) is around -162°C, and after it is gasified, it has a temperature range between -155°C and 28°C.
  • the working fluid (32) enters the first heat exchanger (30) at a temperature range between 30°C and 2°C, and after being cooled by the first heat exchanger (30), leaves at a temperature range between -30°C and 21°C.
  • the working fluid (32) can be any fluid that is able to stay in a liquid phase at these temperatures.
  • the working fluid is a water and glycol mixture.
  • the working fluid (32) is then channeled to a HVAC system (60) to either enhance the cooling capacity of the HVAC, without increasing the power supplied to it, or to maintain the cooling capacity of the HVAC while reducing its grid power requirement.
  • a portion of the NG that was gasified in the first heat exchanger (30) is syphoned off from the first pipe (20) and channeled through a NG pipe (53) to a generator (55) of the DFAC, where it is combusted to heat up a water / lithium bromide solution of the DFAC.
  • a LNG supply via a second inlet (15) of the storage tank (10) is required to refill the storage tank (10) and replace any losses of NG as well as the NG used in the DFAC generator (55).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

A system that utilizes coldness that is captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process in cooling systems such as building HVAC systems and direct fired absorption chillers (DFAC). The coldness from the LNG regasification is captured by a working fluid via a first heat exchanger, and then transferred either directly to a building HVAC system or to a cooling line of a DFAC.

Description

System For Utilizing Coldness From LNG Regasification
The present invention relates to utilizing coldness from the regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG).
The regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG) is a well-known process. This process converts natural gas from a colder, liquid phase to a hotter, gaseous phase using an evaporator or other device. During this conversion, surrounding heat is absorbed to heat the liquid and then to change the liquid into a gas. In a typical regasification plant, ambient temperature air or liquid such as sea water is used as a heat source. The low-temperature heat or “coldness” of the LNG is thus dispersed into the environment.
At the same time, at locations nearby to the regasification plants, there are on many occasions cooling systems, such as HVAC for buildings, refrigeration, etc., that require high amounts of energy to operate.
It is therefore desirable to have a system that utilizes coldness that results from LNG regasification in a way that assists in reducing the raw energy required by cooling systems available at any geographical location.
The present invention provides a system that utilizes coldness that is captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process in cooling systems such as building heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and direct fired absorption chillers (DFAC). The coldness from the LNG regasification is captured by a working fluid via a first heat exchanger, and then transferred either directly to a HVAC system or to a cooling line of a DFAC.
This invention is different to other processes where coldness is captured during LNG gasification in LNG gasification plants where the main product is the gasified LNG or methane gas, and the coldness is a secondary or a wasted product. In this invention, gasified LNG or methane gas is not a product but merely a fluid used in a cycle to achieve the main product, which is the coldness from the gasification of the LNG.
The primary objective of this invention is to reduce or eliminate entirely the power or energy requirements of cooling systems such as refrigerators, freezers, chillers and air conditioners. This objective is reached by a system that gasifies and then reliquefies LNG in a cyclic fashion. The coldness captured from the gasification of LNG is channeled via a working fluid either directly to the HVAC system, or to the cooling line of a DFAC which produces coldness for further use. When the coldness is channeled to a DFAC’s cooling line, methane or natural gas (NG) from a boil off gas (BOG) exhaust in the LNG storage tank is used to power the DFAC’s generator. When the coldness is channeled to a HVAC system, a portion of the NG produced from the gasification process is combusted to heat the water and lithium bromide solution in the DFAC’s generator. A supply of LNG is required to “top up” the NG that is used in the DFAC’s generator.
This invention thus relates to a system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process, comprising: a LNG storage tank for storing an amount of LNG having a first outlet and a first inlet in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe located externally to the LNG storage tank, and said LNG pumped through the first pipe from the first outlet to the first inlet in a circulatory fashion; a first heat exchanger for gasifying the LNG in the first pipe into NG by transferring heat from a working fluid flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe to the first pipe such that the LNG in the first pipe is at least partially gasified into NG in the process, such that the working fluid becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger.
In a first embodiment of this invention, the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a cooling line of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC), and circulated back to the first heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the generator of the DFAC is powered by NG from a boil off gas (BOG) valve of the LNG storage tank. The BOG valve functions to exhaust any gases that accumulate in the storage tank (10).
In a second embodiment of this invention, the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a HVAC system, and circulated back to the first heat exchanger.
In a third embodiment of this invention, the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a HVAC system, and circulated back to the first heat exchanger, and a portion of the natural gas (NG) produced during the regasification process in the first heat exchanger is combusted to heat a water and lithium bromide solution in the DFAC’s generator.
In all embodiments of this invention, the working fluid has a freezing point of less than -30°C at atmospheric pressure. The working fluid is either water or a water and glycol mixture.
In a further embodiment of this invention, the system further comprises a second heat exchanger for transferring heat away from said gasified LNG in the first pipe, such that the gasified LNG returns to a liquid phase before being channeled back into the storage tank. In this way, the LNG in the storage tank is kept in a liquid phase.
In yet another embodiment of this invention, the heat generated from reliquifying the NG in the second heat exchanger is transferred to the first heat exchanger in a circulatory fashion.
In yet another embodiment of this invention, the heat generated from reliquifying the NG in the second heat exchanger is absorbed by an intermediary fluid, such as liquid butane, propane, ethlyne glycol or similar fluid.
Other objects and advantages will be more fully apparent from the following disclosure and appended claims.
Cold energy is wasted during a LNG regasification process.
Cooling solutions such as HVAC systems and DFAC units consume a large amount of energy.
Captures cold energy produced during a LNG regasification process.
Uses the cold energy captured from and NG produced by the LNG regasification process to reduce the energy consumption of HVAC systems and DFAC units.
shows a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment of this invention.
shows a diagrammatic view of a second embodiment of this invention.
shows a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of this invention.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is directed to a system for utilizing coldness from the regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG), and is not limited to any particular size or configuration but in fact a multitude of sizes and configurations within the general scope of the following description.
shows a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment of this invention, where coldness captured from regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG) is sent to cooling line of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC). There is shown a LNG storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG. The storage tank (10) is provided with a first outlet (12) for allowing the stored LNG to flow out of the storage tank (10), and a first inlet (14) for allowing fluid to flow back into the storage tank (10). The first outlet (12) and first inlet (14) are in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10). Fluid is pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion. There is also provided a first heat exchanger (30) along the length of the first pipe. The first heat exchanger (30) transfers heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified into natural gas (NG). There is only heat transfer in the first heat exchanger (30), the contents of the first pipe (20) i.e. the LNG do not come into direct contact with the working fluid (32) in the first heat exchanger pipe (34), that is, they do not mix.
In this way, the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30) as it transfers its heat to the first pipe (20). The temperature of the LNG in the first pipe (20) as it enters the first heat exchanger (30) is around -162°C, and after it is gasified, it has a temperature range between -155°C and 28°C. The working fluid (32) enters the first heat exchanger (30) at a temperature range between 30°C and 2°C, and after being cooled by the first heat exchanger (30), leaves at a temperature range between -30°C and 21°C. The working fluid (32) can be any fluid that is able to stay in a liquid phase at these temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the working fluid is a water and glycol mixture.
In this first embodiment, the working fluid (32) is then channeled to a cooling line (50) or cooling lines of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC). This greatly enhances the cooling capacity of the DFAC, without increasing the grid power supplied to it. On the other hand, it can maintain the same cooling capacity of the DFAC while reducing its grid power requirement.
In this first embodiment, any NG in a gaseous phase present in the LNG storage tank (10) is bled out via a boil off gas (BOG) valve (18). This NG is fed through a boil off gas (BOG) pipe (19) to a generator of the DFAC, where it is combusted to heat a water and lithium bromide solution in the DFAC’s generator.
In this way, the power requirements of the DFAC is significantly reduced or replaced entirely by the system of this first embodiment of the present invention.
Referring now to , there is shown a second embodiment of this invention, whereby the working fluid is channeled from the first heat exchanger to a HVAC system, and circulated back to the first heat exchanger. There is shown a liquified natural gas (LNG) storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG. The storage tank (10) is provided with a first outlet (12) for allowing the stored LNG to flow out of the storage tank (10), and a first inlet (14) for allowing fluid to flow back into the storage tank (10). The first outlet (12) and first inlet (14) are in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10). Fluid is pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion. There is also provided a first heat exchanger (30) along the length of the first pipe. The first heat exchanger (30) transfers heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified into natural gas (NG). There is only heat transfer in the first heat exchanger (30), the contents of the first pipe (20) i.e. the LNG do not come into direct contact with the working fluid (32) in the first heat exchanger pipe (34), that is, they do not mix.
In this way, the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30) as it transfers its heat to the first pipe (20). The temperature of the LNG in the first pipe (20) as it enters the first heat exchanger (30) is around -162°C, and after it is gasified, it has a temperature range between -155°C and 28°C. The working fluid (32) enters the first heat exchanger (30) at a temperature range between 30°C and 2°C, and after being cooled by the first heat exchanger (30), leaves at a temperature range between -30°C and 21°C. The working fluid (32) can be any fluid that is able to stay in a liquid phase at these temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the working fluid is a water and glycol mixture.
In this second embodiment, the working fluid (32) is then channeled to a HVAC system (60) to either enhance the cooling capacity of the HVAC, without increasing the power supplied to it, or to maintain the cooling capacity of the HVAC while reducing its grid power requirement.
shows a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of this invention, where coldness captured from regasification of liquified natural gas (LNG) is sent directly to a HVAC system. There is shown a LNG storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG. The storage tank (10) is provided with a first outlet (12) for allowing the stored LNG to flow out of the storage tank (10), and a first inlet (14) for allowing fluid to flow back into the storage tank (10). The first outlet (12) and first inlet (14) are in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10). Fluid is pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion. There is also provided a first heat exchanger (30) along the length of the first pipe. The first heat exchanger (30) transfers heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified into natural gas (NG). There is only heat transfer in the first heat exchanger (30), the contents of the first pipe (20) i.e. the LNG do not come into direct contact with the working fluid (32) in the first heat exchanger pipe (34), that is, they do not mix.
In this way, the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30) as it transfers its heat to the first pipe (20). The temperature of the LNG in the first pipe (20) as it enters the first heat exchanger (30) is around -162°C, and after it is gasified, it has a temperature range between -155°C and 28°C. The working fluid (32) enters the first heat exchanger (30) at a temperature range between 30°C and 2°C, and after being cooled by the first heat exchanger (30), leaves at a temperature range between -30°C and 21°C. The working fluid (32) can be any fluid that is able to stay in a liquid phase at these temperatures. In a preferred embodiment, the working fluid is a water and glycol mixture.
In this third embodiment, similarly to the second embodiment, the working fluid (32) is then channeled to a HVAC system (60) to either enhance the cooling capacity of the HVAC, without increasing the power supplied to it, or to maintain the cooling capacity of the HVAC while reducing its grid power requirement. In this third embodiment, a portion of the NG that was gasified in the first heat exchanger (30) is syphoned off from the first pipe (20) and channeled through a NG pipe (53) to a generator (55) of the DFAC, where it is combusted to heat up a water / lithium bromide solution of the DFAC. In this third embodiment, it is possible to operate the DFAC with a very reduced supply of grid power, or even entirely from an LNG source and the system of this embodiment.
In all the above embodiments, a LNG supply via a second inlet (15) of the storage tank (10) is required to refill the storage tank (10) and replace any losses of NG as well as the NG used in the DFAC generator (55).
While several particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, it should now be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following claims are intended to embrace such changes, modifications, and areas of application that are within the scope of this invention.
LNG storage tank (10)
First outlet (12)
First inlet (14)
Second inlet (15)
Boil off gas (BOG) valve (18)
Boil off gas (BOG) pipe (19)
First pipe (20)
First heat exchanger (30)
Working fluid (32)
First heat exchanger pipe (34)
DFAC cooling line (50)
Natural gas pipe (53)
DFAC generator (55)
HVAC system (60)

Claims (7)

  1. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process, comprising:
    a LNG storage tank (10) for storing an amount of LNG having a first outlet (12) and a first inlet (14) in fluid communication with each other via a first pipe (20) located externally to the LNG storage tank (10), and said LNG pumped through the first pipe (20) from the first outlet (12) to the first inlet (14) in a circulatory fashion;
    a first heat exchanger (30) for gasifying the LNG in the first pipe (20) by transferring heat from a working fluid (32) flowing through a first heat exchanger pipe (34) to the first pipe (20) such that the LNG in the first pipe (20) is at least partially gasified in the process, such that the working fluid (32) becomes colder as it passes through the first heat exchanger (30).
  2. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid (32) is channeled from the first heat exchanger (30) to a cooling line (50) of a direct fired absorption chiller (DFAC), and circulated back to the first heat exchanger (30).
  3. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process according to claim 2, wherein a generator of the DFAC is powered by natural gas from a boil off gas (BOG) valve (18) of the LNG storage tank (10), said BOG valve exhausting gases that accumulate in the storage tank (10).
  4. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid (32) is channeled from the first heat exchanger (30) to a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system (60), and circulated back to the first heat exchanger (30).
  5. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process according to claim 4, wherein a generator of the DFAC is powered by a portion of the gasified LNG.
  6. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process according to claim 1, wherein the working fluid (32) has a freezing point of less than -30°C at atmospheric pressure.
  7. A system that utilizes coldness captured from a liquified natural gas (LNG) regasification process according to claim 6, wherein the working fluid (32) is either water or a water and glycol mixture.
PCT/MY2021/050032 2021-04-23 2021-04-23 System for utilizing coldness from lng regasification WO2022225387A1 (en)

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US20100205979A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2010-08-19 Gentry Mark C Integrated LNG Re-Gasification Apparatus
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CN207648457U (en) * 2017-12-28 2018-07-24 郑州朗润智能装备股份有限公司 Cold energy retracting device after a kind of LNG gasification
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100205979A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2010-08-19 Gentry Mark C Integrated LNG Re-Gasification Apparatus
US20150315949A1 (en) * 2012-12-14 2015-11-05 Wartsila Finland Oy Method of starting gas delivery from a liquefied gas fuel system to a gas operated engine and a liquefied gas fuel system for a gas operated engine
US20160281931A1 (en) * 2013-11-11 2016-09-29 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Method and arrangement for transferring heat in a gaseous fuel system
KR20150075845A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-06 에스티엑스조선해양 주식회사 Fresh water producing system at gas turbine inlet air chiller using LNG cool heat source
US20180172209A1 (en) * 2014-07-16 2018-06-21 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Apparatus and Method for the Regasification of Liquefied Natural Gas
US20190151789A1 (en) * 2017-11-22 2019-05-23 Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co., Ltd. Carbon dioxide capturing apparatus using cold heat of liquefied natural gas and power generation system using same
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