WO2022222332A1 - 一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器 - Google Patents

一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器 Download PDF

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WO2022222332A1
WO2022222332A1 PCT/CN2021/113837 CN2021113837W WO2022222332A1 WO 2022222332 A1 WO2022222332 A1 WO 2022222332A1 CN 2021113837 W CN2021113837 W CN 2021113837W WO 2022222332 A1 WO2022222332 A1 WO 2022222332A1
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circuit
sampling circuit
optocoupler
motor controller
voltage
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PCT/CN2021/113837
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English (en)
French (fr)
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罗小慧
李�杰
加列戈斯·洛佩兹加布里埃尔
张�浩
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精进电动科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022222332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022222332A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/25Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques
    • G01R19/2503Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using digital measurement techniques for measuring voltage only, e.g. digital volt meters (DVM's)

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of motor controllers, and particularly relates to a bus voltage sampling circuit of a motor controller and a motor controller.
  • the design of the traditional motor controller bus voltage acquisition circuit is relatively complex, cannot share the existing circuit in the motor controller, the cost is relatively high, and only includes a single sampling circuit, the safety and reliability cannot be guaranteed.
  • the present invention discloses a bus voltage sampling circuit of a motor controller and a motor controller to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems.
  • busbar voltage sampling circuit of a motor controller
  • the busbar voltage sampling circuit includes a first sampling circuit and a second sampling circuit, the first sampling circuit and the second sampling circuit are respectively connected to the busbar and the second sampling circuit. between microcontrollers; where,
  • the first sampling circuit includes a first voltage divider circuit, a first optocoupler and an operational amplifier circuit, and the first optocoupler and the operational amplifier circuit are connected in series between the first voltage divider circuit and the microcontroller. between;
  • the second sampling circuit includes a second voltage divider circuit, an ADC circuit and a second optocoupler, and the ADC circuit and the second optocoupler are connected in series between the second voltage divider circuit and the microcontroller.
  • the second optocoupler is connected to the SPI pin of the microcontroller.
  • the first voltage divider is composed of at least two resistors, one end of which is connected to the bus bar and the other end is grounded, and the first optocoupler is connected between the at least two resistors.
  • the second voltage divider is composed of at least two resistors, one end is connected to the bus bar, the other end is grounded, and the ADC circuit is connected between the at least two resistors.
  • the resistance value of the resistor ranges from several thousand ohms to several hundreds of kiloohms.
  • the voltages obtained by the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are the same or different.
  • the microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer.
  • the first optocoupler is a linear optocoupler.
  • the ADC circuit and the second optocoupler are shared with the temperature measurement circuit in the motor controller.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a motor controller, which uses the bus voltage sampling circuit described in any one of the above to manage and control the motor battery.
  • the above technical solution meets the safety and reliability requirements of the motor controller by increasing the redundant design of the second sampling circuit.
  • the redundant second sampling circuit shares the ADC circuit and the second optocoupler with the temperature measurement circuit in the motor controller, thus reducing the number of electronic components, simplifying the circuit, and improving the reliability of the motor controller. System costs are also reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a bus voltage sampling circuit of a motor controller in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • installed may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of the two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • An embodiment of the present invention discloses a bus voltage sampling circuit of a motor controller, which specifically includes a first sampling circuit and a second sampling circuit, wherein the first sampling circuit and the second sampling circuit are respectively connected between the bus and the microcontroller. between. in,
  • the first sampling circuit includes a first voltage divider circuit, a first optocoupler and an operational amplifier circuit, and the first optocoupler and the operational amplifier circuit are connected in series between the first voltage divider circuit and the microcontroller. between.
  • the second sampling circuit includes a second voltage divider circuit, an ADC circuit and a second optocoupler, and the ADC circuit and the second optocoupler are connected in series between the second voltage divider circuit and the microcontroller.
  • an optocoupler is an optical coupler equipment (OCEP), also known as an opto-isolator or opto-coupler, which is a device that transmits electrical signals using light as a medium.
  • OEP optical coupler equipment
  • the light-emitting diode (LED) and the light receiver (photosensitive semiconductor tube, photoresistor) are packaged in the same tube shell.
  • LED light-emitting diode
  • the light receiver photosensitive semiconductor tube, photoresistor
  • An operational amplifier is an amplifier circuit that can perform mathematical operations on signals.
  • Operational amplifiers generally made by integrated circuit technology have the advantages of compactness, low cost and flexible use.
  • DC amplifier circuits are widely used in the field of industrial technology, especially in some measuring instruments and automatic control systems.
  • the ADC circuit refers to the analog-to-digital conversion circuit. That is, the analog signal is changed into a digital signal, which is generally used in data acquisition.
  • the second sampling circuit is added, and the sampling methods of the two bus voltage sampling circuits are completely different, which are independent of each other and do not affect each other, so that the functional safety requirements can be met.
  • the second optocoupler is connected to the SPI pin of the microcontroller, the SPI pin, and the connecting line used before and after the second optocoupler is the SPI bus.
  • SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
  • Serial Peripheral Interface Serial Peripheral Interface
  • PCB Serial Peripheral Interface
  • SPI bus is a 4-wire bus. Because of its strong hardware functions, the software related to SPI is quite simple, making the central processing unit more efficient. more time for other tasks. It is precisely because of this easy-to-use feature that more and more chips integrate this communication protocol.
  • the first voltage divider is composed of at least two resistors, preferably 6-10 resistors, one end of the first voltage divider is connected to the bus bar, and the other end is grounded, so The first optocoupler is connected to the middle connecting line of the resistor.
  • the second voltage divider is composed of at least two resistors, preferably 6-10 resistors. One end of the second voltage divider circuit is connected to the bus bar, and the other end is grounded.
  • the ADC circuit The connecting line connected in the middle of the resistor is preferably one end close to the ground, and the voltage value obtained by sampling is several volts.
  • the resistance value of the resistor ranges from several thousand ohms to several hundreds of kiloohms, so as to reduce the current in the voltage divider circuit and ensure the safety of the motor controller.
  • the voltages divided by the first voltage dividing circuit and the second voltage dividing circuit are the same or different.
  • the microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer, which is the center and core of the motor controller, and can control the motor by means of software programming or the like.
  • the first optocoupler is a linear optocoupler
  • the second optocoupler is an isolated optocoupler
  • the first optocoupler receives and processes an analog signal
  • the second optocoupler receives and processes a digital signal Signal.
  • the ADC circuit and the second optocoupler are shared with the temperature measurement circuit in the motor controller, thereby reducing the number of electrical components, simplifying the circuit, and improving the reliability of the controller , but also reduces the system cost.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention further discloses a motor controller, which uses the bus voltage sampling circuit described in any one of the above to manage and control the motor battery.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器,母线电压采样电路包括第一采样电路和第二采样电路,第一采样电路和第二采样电路分别连接在母线和微控制器之间;其中,第一采样电路包括第一分压电路、第一光耦和运放电路,第一光耦和运放电路串联在第一分压电路和微控制器之间;第二采样电路包括第二分压电路、ADC电路和第二光耦,ADC电路和第二光耦串联在第二分压电路和微控制器之间,通过增加第二采样电路的冗余设计,满足电机控制器的安全可靠需求。

Description

一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器 技术领域
本发明属于电机控制器技术领域,特别涉及一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器。
发明背景
传统的电机控制器母线电压采集电路设计较为复杂,不能共用电机控制器中现有的电路,成本相对较高,且仅包括单一的采样电路,安全可靠性不能得到保障。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明公开了一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器,以克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明一方面提供了一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路,所述母线电压采样电路包括第一采样电路和第二采样电路,所述第一采样电路和第二采样电路分别连接在母线和微控制器之间;其中,
所述第一采样电路包括第一分压电路、第一光耦和运放电路,所述第一光耦和所述运放电路串联在所述第一分压电路和所述微控制器之间;
所述第二采样电路包括第二分压电路、ADC电路和第二光耦,所述ADC电路和所述第二光耦串联在所述第二分压电路和所述微控制器之间。
可选的,所述第二光耦连接在所述微控制器的SPI引脚上。
可选的,所述第一分压电路由至少两个电阻组成,其一端连接在所述母线上,另一端接地,所述第一光耦连接在所述至少两个电阻中间。
可选的,所述第二分压电路由至少两个电阻组成,一端连接在所述母线上,另一端接地,所述ADC电路连接在所述至少两个电阻中间。
可选的,所述电阻的阻值的取值范围为几千欧到几百千欧。
可选的,所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路获得的电压相同或不相同。
可选的,所述微控制器为单片机。
可选的,所述第一光耦为线性光耦。
可选的,所述ADC电路和第二光耦与所述电机控制器中的测温电路共用。
本发明另一方面提供了一种电机控制器,所述电机控制器采用上述任一项所述的母线电压采样电路对电机电池进行管理和控制。
本发明的优点及有益效果是:
上述技术方案通过增加第二采样电路的冗余设计,满足电机控制器的安全可靠需求。
其次,冗余的第二采样电路与电机控制器中的测温电路共用ADC电路和第二光耦,因此减少了电子元器件的数量,简化了电路,提高了电机控制器的可靠性,同时也降低了系统成本。
附图简要说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为本发明的一个实施例中电机控制器的母线电压采样电路的结构示意图。
实施本申请的方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明具体实施例及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
应当理解,术语“包括/包含”、“由……组成”或者任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的产品、设备、过程或方法不仅包括那些要素,而且需要时还可以包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种产品、设备、过程或方法所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括/包含……”、“由……组成”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的产品、设备、过程或方法中还存在另外的相同要素。
在本发明中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固 定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或成一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
以下结合附图1,详细说明本发明各实施例提供的技术方案。
本发明一个实施例公开了一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路,具体包括第一采样电路和第二采样电路,所述第一采样电路和第二采样电路分别连接在母线和微控制器之间。其中,
所述第一采样电路包括第一分压电路、第一光耦和运放电路,所述第一光耦和所述运放电路串联在所述第一分压电路和所述微控制器之间。
所述第二采样电路包括第二分压电路、ADC电路和第二光耦,所述ADC电路和所述第二光耦串联在所述第二分压电路和所述微控制器之间。
需要说明的是,光耦即光耦合器(opticalcoupler equipment,英文缩写为OCEP),亦称光电隔离器或光电耦合器,它是以光为媒介来传输电信号的器件,通常把发光器(红外线发光二极管LED)与受光器(光敏半导体管,光敏电阻)封装在同一管壳内,当输入端加电信号时发光器发出光线,受光器接收光线之后就产生光电流,从输出端流出,从而实现了“电-光-电”控制,以光为媒介把输入端信号耦合到输出端的光电耦合器,在数字电路上获得广泛的应用。
运放(operational amplifier,简称OPA)能对信号进行数学运算的放大电路。一般采用集成电路工艺制做的运算放大器,具有精巧、廉价和可灵活使用等优点,其中直流放大电路在工业技术领域中,特别是在一些测量仪器和自动化控制系统中应用广泛。
ADC电路就是指模数转换电路。也就是将模拟信号变为数字信号,一般用在数据采集方面。
综上,该实施例通过增加第二采样电路,并且该两路母线电压采样电路采集方式是完全不同的,是相互独立、互不影响的,从而能够满足功能安全需求。
在一个具体实施例中,所述第二光耦连接在所述微控制器的SPI引脚上,SPI引脚,且第二光耦前后采用的连接线为SPI总线。
需要说明的是,SPI是串行外设接口(Serial Peripheral Interface)的缩写,是一种高速的,全双工,同步的通信总线,并且在芯片的管脚上只占用四根线,节约 了芯片的管脚,同时为PCB的布局上节省空间,提供方便;且SPI总线是一种4线总线,因其硬件功能很强,所以与SPI有关的软件就相当简单,使中央处理器有更多的时间处理其他事务。正是因为这种简单易用的特性,越来越多的芯片集成了这种通信协议。
在一个或一些实施例中,所述第一分压电路由至少两个电阻组成,优选为6-10个电阻,该第一分压电路的一端连接在所述母线上,另一端接地,所述第一光耦连接在所述电阻的中间连接线上。
在一个实施例中,所述第二分压电路由至少两个电阻组成,优选为6-10个,该第二分压电路的一端连接在所述母线上,另一端接地,所述ADC电路连接在所述电阻中间的连接线,优选靠近接地的一端,且采样得到的电压值为几伏大小。
在一个实施例中,所述电阻的阻值的取值范围为几千欧到几百千欧,从而减小分压电路中的电流,保证电机控制器的安全。
在一个实施例中,在第一采样电路和第二采样电路独立的基础上,所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路分的的电压相同或不相同。
在一个实施例中,所述微控制器为单片机,为电机控制器的中枢和核心,可通过软件编程等方式实现对电机的控制。
在一个实施例中,所述第一光耦为线性光耦,第二光耦为隔离光耦,所述第一光耦接收处理的是模拟信号,所述第二光耦接收处理的是数字信号。
在一个实施例中,所述ADC电路和第二光耦与所述电机控制器中的测温电路共用,从而有利于减小电器件的个数,简化了电路,提高了控制器的可靠性,同时也降低了系统成本。
本发明另一方面的实施例还公开了一种电机控制器,所述电机控制器采用上述任一项所述的母线电压采样电路对电机电池进行管理和控制。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式,并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进、扩展等,均包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述母线电压采样电路包括第一采样电路和第二采样电路,所述第一采样电路和第二采样电路分别连接在母线和微控制器之间;其中,
    所述第一采样电路包括第一分压电路、第一光耦和运放电路,所述第一光耦和所述运放电路串联在所述第一分压电路和所述微控制器之间;
    所述第二采样电路包括第二分压电路、ADC电路和第二光耦,所述ADC电路和所述第二光耦串联在所述第二分压电路和所述微控制器之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述第二光耦连接在所述微控制器的SPI引脚上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述第一分压电路由至少两个电阻组成,其一端连接在所述母线上,另一端接地,所述第一光耦连接在所述至少两个电阻中间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述第二分压电路由至少两个电阻组成,一端连接在所述母线上,另一端接地,所述ADC电路连接在所述至少两个电阻中间。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述电阻的阻值的取值范围为几千欧到几百千欧。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述第一分压电路和所述第二分压电路获得的电压相同或不相同。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述微控制器为单片机。
  8. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述第一光耦为线性光耦。
  9. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的母线电压采样电路,其特征在于,所述ADC电路和第二光耦与所述电机控制器中的测温电路共用。
  10. 一种电机控制器,其特征在于,所述电机控制器采用权利要求1-9任一项所述的母线电压采样电路对电机电池进行管理和控制。
PCT/CN2021/113837 2021-04-23 2021-08-20 一种电机控制器的母线电压采样电路和电机控制器 WO2022222332A1 (zh)

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