WO2022222119A1 - 电流检测装置、电能检测装置和电流检测装置的控制方法 - Google Patents

电流检测装置、电能检测装置和电流检测装置的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022222119A1
WO2022222119A1 PCT/CN2021/089124 CN2021089124W WO2022222119A1 WO 2022222119 A1 WO2022222119 A1 WO 2022222119A1 CN 2021089124 W CN2021089124 W CN 2021089124W WO 2022222119 A1 WO2022222119 A1 WO 2022222119A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
voltage
mutual inductance
current detection
power supply
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PCT/CN2021/089124
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王帅
吴建
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/089124 priority Critical patent/WO2022222119A1/zh
Priority to EP21937357.8A priority patent/EP4317994A4/en
Priority to CN202180096869.9A priority patent/CN117157534A/zh
Publication of WO2022222119A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022222119A1/zh
Priority to US18/492,070 priority patent/US20240044947A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/18—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers
    • G01R15/183—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using inductive devices, e.g. transformers using transformers with a magnetic core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/10—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods using digital techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
    • G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
    • G01R15/16—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using capacitive devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • G01R21/06—Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor by measuring current and voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10—Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electric energy detection, and in particular, to a current detection device, an electric energy detection device and a control method of the current detection device.
  • the AC current detection device detects the AC current of the cable under test, and calculates the AC current to obtain the current transmitted by the cable under test, so as to perform current statistics.
  • the existing current detection device can measure AC current through the electrical connection points set on the cable under test. See Figure 1.
  • the neutral wire and live wire of the cable under test are specially reserved for use in The electrical connection point of the current detection, and after the wire is drawn from the electrical connection point, the resistance is used to divide the voltage and reduce the voltage, and then the signal is processed, and finally input into the ADC (analog to digital converter, analog-to-digital converter) to realize current detection.
  • ADC analog to digital converter, analog-to-digital converter
  • the current detection device needs to be equipped with a special power supply to supply power.
  • the current detection device can be connected to an external power supply and powered by the electrical energy output from the external power supply to ensure the normal operation of the AC current detection device.
  • connection method requires an electrical connection point dedicated to the AC voltage detection wiring on the cable under test, and also needs to be equipped with a special power supply to supply it. Therefore, the installation position of the current detection device is limited by the position of the power supply and the electrical connection point, and various issues such as safety regulations and cost of the electrical connection point also need to be considered.
  • the present application provides a current detection device, an electric energy detection device and a control method for the current detection device, which can avoid that the installation position of the detection device is limited by the electrical connection point and the position of the power supply, and there is no electrical connection between the detection device and the cable under test. , which can improve the safety level of the detection device and reduce the cost under the condition of detecting the alternating current.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a current detection device.
  • the current detection device includes: a first mutual inductance unit, a power supply unit, a current detection unit, and a processing unit.
  • the first mutual inductance unit includes a hollow part through which the cable under test passes, and the first mutual inductance unit is used to generate the first induced electrical parameter and the second induced electrical parameter according to the actual current of the measured cable;
  • the power supply unit is connected to the The first mutual inductance unit is connected, and the power supply unit is used to convert the voltage in the first induced electrical parameter into a first voltage and supply power to the processing unit;
  • the first voltage is the power supply voltage of the processing unit;
  • the current detection unit is connected to the first mutual inductance unit , the current detection unit is used to convert the current in the second induced electrical parameter into a second voltage;
  • the processing unit is connected to the power supply unit and the current detection unit, and the processing unit is used to calculate the line under test according to the second voltage output by the current detection unit current value on the cable.
  • the cable under test and the current detection device are not connected through electrical connection points, which can effectively avoid the problem that the installation position of the current detection device is limited by the electrical connection point. Since there is no electrical connection between the current detection device and the cable under test The connection can improve the safety level of the current detection device and reduce the cost of the AC power detection device. Moreover, the current detection device does not need to be equipped with a special power supply for power supply, which can effectively avoid the problem that the position of the current detection device is limited by the position of the power supply.
  • the device further includes a switching unit.
  • the switching unit is connected between the first mutual inductance unit and the power supply unit, and between the first mutual inductance unit and the current detection unit, and the switching unit is used to control the connection between the first mutual inductance unit and the power supply unit, or to control the first mutual inductance The connection between the unit and the current detection unit.
  • the induced electrical parameters are generated by the secondary winding of the mutual inductance unit. Since the two windings that generate the first and second induced electrical parameters share a magnetic core, when the two windings are closed together, the induced electrical parameters are generated.
  • the current detection device may include a switching unit, which prevents the two windings from being closed at the same time, thereby effectively preventing the two windings from closing at the same time. The effect of end-connected device detection.
  • the switching unit includes: a first switch and a second switch.
  • the first switch is connected between the first mutual inductance unit and the power supply unit; the second switch is connected between the first mutual inductance unit and the current detection unit. Wherein, the first switch and the second switch are complementarily turned on.
  • the current detection device further includes: a controller connected with the switching unit.
  • controller is used to control the disconnection and conduction of the first switch and the second switch.
  • connection between the first mutual inductance unit and the current detection unit and the connection between the first mutual inductance unit and the power supply unit are realized under the control of the controller.
  • the power supply unit includes: a voltage regulator circuit and an energy storage unit.
  • the voltage stabilizing circuit is connected to the first mutual inductance unit, and the voltage stabilizing circuit is used to convert the voltage in the first induced electrical parameter into the first voltage; the energy storage unit is connected to the voltage stabilizing capacitor, and the energy storage unit is used to store the voltage stabilizing circuit output first voltage.
  • the output voltage of the power supply unit is converted into the power supply voltage of the equipment connected to the power supply unit by the voltage stabilizing circuit, and the output voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit is stored by the energy storage unit, so as to avoid when the load of the connected equipment changes (for example, when it increases), the output voltage drops rapidly and cannot meet the power supply demand.
  • the current detection unit is a resistor and current sampling circuit.
  • both ends of the resistor are connected with the first mutual inductance unit; the current sampling circuit is connected in parallel with the resistor.
  • the first mutual inductance unit is a toroidal magnetic core wound with a first winding and a second winding
  • the annular magnetic core is a closed or non-closed structure
  • the annular magnetic core is made of a metal material
  • the first winding connected with the power supply unit, and the second winding is connected with the current detection unit.
  • the electromagnetic induction generated by the cable under test passing through the toroidal core can be used to generate the first induced electrical parameter on the first winding and the second induced electrical parameter on the second winding.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electric energy detection device, the electric energy detection device includes a second mutual inductance unit and the current detection device provided in any possible design of the first aspect of the embodiment of the present application.
  • the second mutual inductance unit is located in the hollow part of the first mutual inductance unit in the current detection device, and the second mutual inductance unit is used to generate a third induced voltage according to the actual voltage of the cable under test;
  • the voltage detection unit is respectively connected with the current detection device.
  • the power supply unit is connected to the second mutual inductance unit, and the voltage detection unit is used to convert the third induced voltage into a third voltage, and output the third voltage to the processing unit in the current detection device;
  • the current detection device is coupled with the tested cable, The current detection device is used to detect the current value of the cable under test, and calculate the electric energy transmitted on the cable under test according to the third voltage and the current value of the cable under test.
  • the second mutual inductance unit is a closed or non-closed cylindrical structure; the second mutual inductance unit is made of metal material, and the second mutual inductance unit and the cable under test form a coupling capacitor, and the voltage across the coupling capacitor That is, the third induced voltage.
  • the second mutual inductance unit can be a metal material, and the metal material can be copper, aluminum, etc.
  • the second mutual inductance unit can be a copper foil, and the copper foil can be rolled into a closed Or non-closed, after the copper foil is sheathed outside the cable under test, a coupling capacitance will be generated between the cable under test and the copper foil.
  • the second mutual inductance unit may also be a polygonal cylindrical structure, such as a square cylindrical structure, a rectangular cylindrical structure, and the like.
  • the second mutual inductance unit can also be a non-cylindrical metal bipolar plate structure. The metal bipolar plates are arranged on both sides of the cable under test, so that the cable under test runs through the metal bipolar plate, so as to be connected with the cable under test.
  • the cable forms a coupling capacitor.
  • the voltage detection unit is a voltage signal processing circuit.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a control method for a current detection device, which is applied to the current detection device, and the current detection device includes a first mutual inductance unit, a power supply unit, a current detection unit, a processing unit, and a switching unit.
  • the switching unit are respectively connected with the first mutual inductance unit, the power supply unit and the current detection unit, and the control method includes:
  • Detecting the first voltage output by the power supply unit when it is determined that the first voltage is greater than or equal to the first preset threshold, disconnecting the first mutual inductance unit from the power supply unit, and controlling the connection between the first mutual inductance unit and the current detection unit;
  • the connection between the first mutual inductance unit and the power supply unit is controlled, and the connection between the first mutual inductance unit and the current detection unit is disconnected.
  • the power supply unit and the current detection unit can be connected to the first mutual inductance unit by polling, thereby effectively avoiding that when the two windings on the secondary side of the first mutual inductance unit are closed at the same time, the two windings are self-excited to detect the current detection unit. Impact.
  • the first preset threshold is the maximum supply voltage of the device connected to the power supply unit
  • the second preset threshold is the minimum supply voltage of the device connected to the power supply unit
  • the processing unit uses the current value output by the current detection unit to calculate the effective value of the current of the cable under test. At this time, the output voltage of the power supply unit is in the processing unit. within the operating voltage range to ensure the normal operation of the processing unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram 1 of a current detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a second structural schematic diagram of a current detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a third structural schematic diagram of a current detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a current detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first mutual inductance unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a switching unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic connection diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a current detection device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a voltage waveform of an output voltage of a power supply unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the working states of a first switch and a second switch provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric energy detection device provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second mutual inductance unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage transformer provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage detection unit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverting amplifier circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the current detection device provided by the embodiment of the present application can be used to measure the current flowing on the cable, and the cable is applied to various power grids for power transmission.
  • Industrial power grid etc.
  • the electric energy transmitted by the above-mentioned power grid may be either high-frequency alternating current or low-frequency alternating current, and may be high-voltage or low-voltage.
  • the electric energy transmitted on the cable is mainly determined by the specific type of the power grid. There are not many restrictions on this.
  • connection in the embodiments of the present application refers to an electrical connection, and the connection of two electrical elements may be a direct or indirect connection between the two electrical elements.
  • connection between A and B can be either a direct connection between A and B, or an indirect connection between A and B through one or more other electrical components, such as the connection between A and B, or the direct connection between A and C, C and B are directly connected, and A and B are connected through C.
  • the switches in the embodiments of the present application may be relays, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors, MOSFETs), bipolar junction transistors (bipolar junction transistors, BJTs), insulated gate double One or more of various types of switching devices such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a silicon carbide (SiC) power transistor, etc., which are not listed one by one in this embodiment of the present application.
  • Each switching device may include a first electrode, a second electrode and a control electrode, wherein the control electrode is used to control closing or opening of the switching device.
  • the control electrode of the switching device is the gate
  • the first electrode of the switching device may be the source of the switching device
  • the second electrode may be the drain of the switching device
  • the first electrode may be the drain of the switching device.
  • the second electrode may be the source of the switching device.
  • Safety regulations are the requirements for product safety in product certification, including the safety requirements of product parts and the safety requirements after composing finished products. By simulating the use method and after a series of tests, the products are assessed for possible hazards such as electric shock, fire, mechanical damage, thermal damage, chemical damage, radiation damage, food hygiene and other hazards that may occur under normal or abnormal use.
  • Capacitive coupling also known as electric field coupling or electrostatic coupling, is a coupling method due to the existence of distributed capacitance. Specifically, in a DC circuit, the capacitor is equivalent to an open circuit, and current cannot pass through; while in an AC circuit, as the voltage of one foot of the capacitor gradually increases, the accumulated charge on the electrode plate connected to the foot also gradually increases. As the voltage gradually decreases, the charge accumulated on the corresponding electrode plate also gradually decreases. During the whole process, the capacitor does not actually pass current, but it seems that there is current passing through it. Therefore, the coupling capacitor can approximate the current flow in this way in the AC circuit. Transfer from the previous stage to the next stage.
  • the current detection device can obtain the effective value of the current transmitted by the cable through a certain calculation by detecting the actual current of the cable under test.
  • existing current detection devices measure through electrical connection points drawn directly from the cable under test. Among them, after the electrical connection point is drawn, the cable under test can be connected to the voltage divider resistor circuit to divide the voltage and reduce the voltage, and then perform signal processing on the electrical signal on the divided voltage, or after the electrical connection point is drawn.
  • the detection position is limited by the electrical connection point set on the cable under test, and it is also necessary to consider setting the electrical connection point. Then, the safety insulation of the cable and the distance relationship between the electrical connection point and the power supply of the current detection device.
  • a resistive voltage divider circuit or step-down transformer is bound to be set up to reduce the current on the cable under test to facilitate detection. Therefore, the above-mentioned resistor voltage divider circuit or step-down transformer will also increase the current. The size and cost of the detection device bring inconvenience to the detection personnel.
  • FIG. 3 is a current detection device.
  • the current detection device 300 includes: a first mutual inductance unit 301 , a power supply unit 302 , a current detection unit 303 and a processing unit 304 .
  • the first mutual inductance unit 301 the first mutual inductance unit 301 includes a hollow part through which the cable under test passes, and is used to generate a first induced electrical parameter and a second induced electrical parameter according to the actual current flowing on the measured cable ; power supply unit 302, the power supply unit 302 is connected with the first mutual inductance unit 301, and is used to convert the voltage in the first induced electrical parameter into a first voltage, and transmit the first voltage to the processing unit 304 to supply power to the processing unit 304; current Detection unit 303, the current detection unit 303 is connected to the first mutual inductance unit 301, and is used for receiving the second induced electrical parameter, converting the current in the second induced electrical parameter into a second voltage, and transmitting the second voltage to the processing unit 304.
  • the processing unit 304 is connected to the power supply unit 302 and the current detection unit 303 respectively, and is used for calculating the current value on the cable under test according to the second voltage output by the current detection unit 303 .
  • the induced electrical parameters may include current and voltage.
  • the first mutual inductance unit 301 can specifically use the actual current flowing on the cable under test to generate the induced electrical parameters used by subsequent devices for current measurement, and the acquisition of the induced electrical parameters is realized by the mutual inductance unit, not directly from The cable under test is led out, thereby eliminating the restriction on the installation position of the current detection device 300 by the electrical connection point, and can well improve the safety level of the current detection device 300.
  • the specific current detection method please refer to the following examples. the contents of the description.
  • the first mutual inductance unit 301 may include an opening measurement type current transformer (CT), the current transformer includes a hollow portion through which the cable under test passes, and the current transformer is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
  • CT opening measurement type current transformer
  • the current transformer is composed of a toroidal core and windings wound on the toroidal core.
  • the toroidal core is equivalent to the primary winding of the current transformer, and the winding wound on the toroidal core is the secondary winding of the current transformer.
  • the power supply unit 302 includes a voltage regulator circuit and an energy storage unit. Since the single-phase alternating current flows through the tested cable, the amplitudes of the voltage and current in the single-phase alternating current will change with time. In order to ensure power supply stability, the voltage stabilization circuit can convert the voltage whose amplitude changes in the first induced electrical parameter into a first voltage whose amplitude is basically unchanged, and output the first voltage to the processing unit.
  • the energy storage unit may include one or more capacitors connected in parallel.
  • an energy storage unit is connected between the voltage stabilization circuit and the processing unit.
  • the energy storage unit can store the first voltage output by the voltage stabilization circuit to ensure the long-term stability of the voltage output by the energy storage unit. At the first voltage, the output voltage is effectively prevented from dropping rapidly during the process of supplying power to the equipment connected at the rear end of the power supply unit.
  • the power supply unit 302 may further include an alternating current (AC/DC) converter (AC/DC converter) connected between the voltage regulator circuit and the first mutual inductance unit 301 .
  • the DC converter can be used to convert the AC voltage in the first induced electrical parameter into a DC voltage, and output the DC voltage to the voltage regulator circuit.
  • the current detection unit 303 includes a first resistor R1 and a current sampling circuit.
  • the current sampling circuit samples the voltage across the first resistor R1 and outputs the sampled voltage to the processing unit 304 .
  • the processing unit 304 can be a processor or a controller, for example, can be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), general-purpose processor, digital signal processing (digital signal processing, DSP), application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit) circuits, ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with this disclosure.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processing
  • application specific integrated circuit application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the above-mentioned processor may also be a combination that realizes computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.
  • the processing unit 304 may also include an analog to digital converter (analog to digital converter). , ADC), which is used to convert the analog quantity input by the current detection unit 303 into a digital quantity.
  • ADC analog to digital converter
  • the processing unit 304 can use the ADC to determine the effective value of the output voltage of the current detection unit 303 after receiving the voltage output by the current detection unit 303, and use the resistance value of the first resistor R1 to perform ohmic operation to obtain the current value of the cable under test. .
  • the processing unit 304 amplifies the current value of the cable by amplifying the current value of the cable, so as to obtain the actual current value of the cable under test.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first mutual inductance unit 301.
  • the first mutual inductance unit 301 includes: a ring magnetic core, a A winding T1 and a second winding T2.
  • the cable under test passes through the hollow part of the toroidal core, the two end points of the first winding form the first input port of the first mutual inductance unit, and the two end points of the second winding form the second output port of the first mutual inductance unit .
  • the annular magnetic core is a closed or non-closed annular hollow structure; the annular magnetic core is made of a metal material, wherein the metal material may be copper, aluminum, or the like.
  • the cable under test passes through the hollow portion of the toroidal core, which is used to generate a first induced electrical parameter on the first winding and a second induced electrical parameter on the second winding based on the actual current on the cable under test Voltage.
  • connection relationship of each device in the first mutual inductance unit 301 shown in FIG. 6 may be: the cable under test passes through the hollow part of the toroidal core, and the two end points of the first winding T1 are connected to the two input ports of the power supply unit 302 , the two terminals of the second winding T2 are connected to the two input ports of the current detection unit 303 .
  • the first mutual inductance unit 301 shown in FIG. 6 When using the first mutual inductance unit 301 shown in FIG. 6 to generate the first induced electrical parameter and the second induced electrical parameter, an electromagnetic field will be generated around the cable under test.
  • the cable under test passes through the hollow part of the toroidal core , will cause the magnetic flux in the toroidal core to change, and the change of the magnetic flux will generate the first induced electrical parameter on the first winding T1 and the second induced electrical parameter on the second winding T2.
  • the first winding T1 outputs the generated first induced electrical parameter to the power supply unit 302
  • the second winding T2 outputs the generated second induced electrical parameter to the current detection unit 303 .
  • first winding T1 and the second winding T2 in the first mutual inductance unit 301 share a magnetic core, if the first winding T1 and the second winding T2 are in a closed state at the same time, the induced electrical parameters are generated, because the two windings There is a self-excitation phenomenon between them.
  • the current detection unit connected to the rear end of the second winding T2 uses the second induced electrical parameter to calculate the current detection, the accuracy of the calculation result cannot be guaranteed.
  • a switching unit 305 is provided between the first winding T1 and the power supply unit 302 and between the second winding T2 and the current detection unit 303 , and the switching unit 305 is used to control the connection between the first winding T1 and the power supply unit 302 , and control the connection between the second winding T2 and the current detection unit 303 .
  • the first winding T1 and the second winding T2 can be closed complementarily, thereby effectively avoiding the influence of self-excitation on the detection of the induced electrical parameters when the two windings are closed at the same time.
  • the switching unit 305 includes a first switch K1 and a second switch K2.
  • the first switch K1 is connected between the first winding T1 in the first mutual inductance unit 301 and the power supply unit 302 ;
  • the second switch K2 is connected between the second winding T2 in the first mutual inductance unit 301 and the current detection between units 303.
  • the first electrode of the first switch K1 is connected to the first terminal of the first winding
  • the second electrode of the first switch K1 is connected to the first terminal of the input side of the power supply unit 301 ;
  • the first terminal of the second switch K2 The electrode is connected to the second terminal of the second winding, and the second electrode of the second switch K2 is connected to the second terminal of the input side of the current detection unit 301 .
  • the first endpoint may be one end of the device that transmits a high-level voltage.
  • the current detection apparatus 300 may further include a controller connected to the switching unit.
  • the switching unit 305 and the controller for controlling the working state of the switching unit 305 are both connected to the power supply unit 302, and the power supply unit 302 can supply power to the switching unit 305 and the controller.
  • the controller is connected to the control electrodes of the first switches K1 and K2 respectively, and is used to control the disconnection and conduction of the first switch and the second switch.
  • the method for using the above controller to control the state of a device in a switching unit in this embodiment of the present application mainly includes the following steps:
  • the first preset threshold may be the maximum working voltage of the device connected to the power supply unit.
  • the first control signal is sent to the first switch connected between the power supply unit and the first mutual inductance unit
  • the second control signal is sent to the second switch connected between the current detection unit and the first mutual inductance unit.
  • the first control signal is used to control the closing of the first switch
  • the second control signal is used to control the opening of the second switch.
  • the first preset threshold may be smaller than the above-mentioned maximum operating voltage.
  • the second preset threshold may be the minimum operating voltage of the device connected to the power supply unit.
  • the third control signal is sent to the first switch connected between the power supply unit and the first mutual inductance unit
  • the fourth control signal is sent to the second switch connected between the current detection unit and the first mutual inductance unit.
  • the third control signal is used to control the opening of the first switch
  • the fourth control signal is used to control the closing of the second switch.
  • the output voltage Vout waveform of the power supply unit can be as shown in FIG. 10 .
  • the output voltage of the power supply unit is always within the working voltage range of the processing unit.
  • the switching time of the two switches K1 and K2 can be delayed, specifically.
  • the working states of switches K1 and K2 can be shown in FIG. 11 .
  • the controller 405 can configure the turn-on times of the first switch and the second switch in the switching unit according to the input voltage of the power supply unit.
  • the first switch when the output voltage of the power supply unit exceeds the first preset threshold, the first switch is controlled to open and the second switch is closed to perform current detection, and when the output voltage of the power supply unit is less than the second preset threshold, The first switch is controlled to be closed and the second switch is turned off to store electrical energy for the power supply unit, that is, the output voltage of the power supply unit is within the range of the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold. Therefore, using the control method shown in FIG. 9 in the embodiment of the present application is beneficial to ensure that the power supply of the processing unit works within the rated working voltage range while ensuring the accuracy of the current detection result.
  • the present application also provides an electrical energy detection device, as shown in FIG.
  • the second mutual inductance unit 1201 is located in the hollow part of the first mutual inductance unit in the current detection device 300, and the second mutual inductance unit 1201 is used to generate a third induced voltage according to the actual voltage of the cable under test; the voltage detection unit 1202 and The power supply unit in the current detection device 300 is connected to the second mutual inductance unit 1201, and the voltage detection unit 1202 is used to convert the third induced voltage into a third voltage, and output the third voltage to the processing unit in the current detection device 300; current detection The device 300 is coupled to the cable under test, and the current detection device 300 is configured to detect the current value of the cable under test, and calculate the current value of the cable under test according to the third voltage and the current value of the cable under test measure the power transmitted on the cable.
  • the second mutual inductance unit is a closed or non-closed magnetic core structure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a second mutual inductance unit, the second mutual inductance unit is connected to the hollow part of the first mutual inductance unit in the current detection device, thereby reducing the volume of the electric energy detection device.
  • the second mutual inductance unit may be a voltage transformer.
  • a voltage transformer for generating a third induced voltage based on the actual voltage and coupling capacitance on the cable under test.
  • the voltage sensor is a conductive cylindrical structure, the cable under test passes through the voltage sensor, the voltage sensor and the cable under test form a coupling capacitance, and the voltage sensor is a closed or non-closed cylindrical structure ;
  • the voltage sensor is made of metal material.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a voltage sensor.
  • the voltage sensor is a copper foil, and the copper foil can be rolled into closed or non-closed, after the copper foil is wrapped around the cable under test , the coupling capacitance C x will be generated between the cable under test and the copper foil.
  • the voltage sensor may also have a cylindrical structure other than that shown in FIG. 14 , or a polygonal cylindrical structure, such as a square cylindrical structure, a rectangular cylindrical structure, and the like.
  • the voltage sensor can also be a non-cylindrical metal bipolar plate structure.
  • the metal bipolar plates can be arranged on both sides of the cable under test, so that the cable under test runs through the metal bipolar plate, so as to be connected with the cable under test.
  • the cable forms a coupling capacitance Cx .
  • the AC voltage on the cable under test and the coupling capacitor are capacitively coupled to form a third induced voltage and input into the voltage detection unit 1202 .
  • the voltage detection unit 1202 includes: an amplifier circuit and a phase shift compensation circuit.
  • the amplifying circuit includes a first input port, a second input port and a first output port; wherein the first input port is connected with the voltage sensor, the second input port is connected with the ground wire, and the first output port is connected with the phase shift compensation circuit.
  • the amplifier circuit is used to amplify the third induced voltage by a first multiple, and output the fourth voltage to the phase-shift compensation circuit through the output port; the phase-shift compensation circuit is used to phase-shift the fourth voltage and amplify it by a second multiple, and output the third voltage.
  • the magnitude of the third induced voltage is too small to be recognized and detected by the ADC in the processing unit in the current detection device 300 , so an amplification circuit is required to amplify the induced voltage.
  • the amplifying circuit may be, but is not limited to, an inverse amplifying circuit, a differential amplifying circuit, and the like.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse amplifier circuit.
  • the first multiple amplified by the reverse amplifier circuit is related to the feedback resistance R 0 in the reverse amplifier circuit.
  • the phase shift compensation circuit is specifically configured to delay the phase of the fourth voltage by 90°.
  • control method device of the current detection device may include corresponding hardware structures and/or software modules that perform various functions.
  • the present application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software with the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein. Whether a function is performed by hardware or computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality using different methods for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program, when the computer program runs on the computer, the computer can execute the AC power detection method provided by the above embodiments, or cause the computer to execute the current detection method provided by the above embodiments.
  • Device control method when the computer program runs on the computer, the computer can execute the AC power detection method provided by the above embodiments, or cause the computer to execute the current detection method provided by the above embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer executes the current detection device provided by the above embodiments. control method.
  • the storage medium may be any available medium that the computer can access.
  • computer readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or be capable of carrying or storing instructions or data structures in the form of desired program code and any other medium that can be accessed by a computer.
  • an embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, where the chip is used to read a computer program stored in a memory to implement the control method of the current detection device provided by the above embodiments.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a chip system, where the chip system includes a processor for supporting a computer device to implement the control method of the current detection device provided by the above embodiments.
  • the chip system further includes a memory for storing necessary programs and data of the computer device.
  • the chip system may be composed of chips, or may include chips and other discrete devices.
  • a computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device.
  • Computer instructions may be stored on or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website site, computer, server, or data center over a wire (e.g.
  • a computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, a data center, or the like that includes an integration of one or more available media.
  • Useful media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (eg, DVD), or semiconductor media (eg, Solid State Disk (SSD)), and the like.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or alternatively, the general-purpose processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented by a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration. accomplish.
  • a software unit may be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • a storage medium may be coupled to the processor such that the processor may read information from, and store information in, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium can also be integrated into the processor.
  • the processor and storage medium may be provided in the ASIC.

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Abstract

一种电流检测装置，包括第一互感单元（301）、供电单元（302）、电流检测单元（303）和处理单元（304）；第一互感单元（301）包括中空部分，被测线缆穿过中空部分，第一互感单元（301）用于根据被测线缆的实际电流，生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数；供电单元（302）与第一互感单元（301）连接，用于将第一感应电参数中的电压转换为第一电压；电流检测单元（303）与第一互感单元（301）连接，将第二感应电参数中的电流转换为第二电压；处理单元（304）与供电单元（302）和电流检测单元（303）连接，计算被测线缆上的电流值。电流检测装置能避免检测装置安装位置受限电气连接点，在实时检测被测线缆电流时，能提高检测装置的安规等级，降低成本，且检测装置无需额外配置电源，消除了电源对检测装置安装的限制。一种电能检测装置，以及电流检测装置的控制方法。

Description

电流检测装置、电能检测装置和电流检测装置的控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电能检测领域，特别涉及一种电流检测装置、电能检测装置和电流检测装置的控制方法。
背景技术
交流电流检测装置是通过检测被测线缆的交流电流，并通过对交流电流进行计算得到被测线缆传输的电流，从而进行电流统计。
一般来说，现有的电流检测装置可以通过被测线缆上设置的电气连接点进行交流电流测量的，参见图1所示，从被测线缆的零线、火线上专门留出用于电流检测的电气连接点，并从电气连接点引出导线后利用电阻进行分压降压后，再进行信号处理，最终输入ADC(analog to digital converter，模拟数字转换器)中以实现电流检测。
实际使用时，电流检测装置需要配置专门的电源为其供电，参见图2所示，电流检测装置可以与外接电源连接，通过外接电源输出的电能为其供电，保证交流电流检测装置的正常工作。
然而，以上的连接方式需要在被测线缆上留出专门用于交流电压检测接线的电气连接点，还需要配置专门的电源为其供电。因此，电流检测装置的安装位置会受到电源位置以及电气连接点的限制，同时还需要考虑电气连接点的安规、成本等各种问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电流检测装置、电能检测装置和电流检测装置的控制方法，能避免检测装置的安装位置受限于电气连接点以及电源位置，并且检测装置与被测线缆之间无电气连接，能在检测交流电流的情况下，提高检测装置的安规等级，降低成本。
第一方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电流检测装置，该电流检测装置包括：第一互感单元、供电单元、电流检测单元和处理单元。
其中，第一互感单元包括中空部分，被测线缆穿过中空部分，第一互感单元用于根据被测线缆的实际电流，生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数；供电单元与第一互感单元连接，供电单元用于将第一感应电参数中的电压转换为第一电压，并为处理单元供电；第一电压为处理单元的供电电压；电流检测单元与第一互感单元连接，电流检测单元用于将第二感应电参数中的电流转换为第二电压；处理单元与供电单元和电流检测单元连接，处理单元用于根据电流检测单元输出的第二电压，计算被测线缆上的电流值。
采用上述装置，被测线缆与电流检测装置并非通过电气连接点连接，可以有效避免电流检测装置的安装位置受限于电气连接点的问题，由于电流检测装置与被测线缆之间无电气连接，能提升电流检测装置的安规等级，降低交流电能检测装置的成本。并且电流检测装置无需配置专门的电源进行供电，可以有效的避免电流检测装置位置受限于电源位置的问题。
在一种可能的设计中，装置还包括切换单元。
其中，切换单元连接在第一互感单元与供电单元之间，以及连接在第一互感单元与电 流检测单元之间，切换单元用于控制第一互感单元与供电单元的连接，或控制第一互感单元与电流检测单元的连接。
采用上述装置，感应电参数是由互感单元的二次侧绕组生成，由于生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数的两个绕组共用一个磁芯，当两个绕组共同闭合生成感应电参数时，为了避免两个绕组自激励对感应电参数的数值影响，电流检测装置中可以包括切换单元，该切换单元避免两个绕组同时闭合，从而有效避免两个绕组同时闭合产生自激励参数对后端连接器件检测的影响。
在一种可能的设计中，切换单元包括：第一开关和第二开关。
其中，第一开关连接在第一互感单元与供电单元之间；第二开关连接在第一互感单元与电流检测单元之间。其中，第一开关和第二开关互补导通。
在一种可能的设计中，该电流检测装置还包括：与切换单元连接的控制器。
其中，控制器用于控制第一开关和第二开关的断开和导通。
采用上述装置，在控制器的控制下实现第一互感单元与电流检测单元的连接，以及实现第一互感单元与供电单元的连接。
在一种可能的设计中，供电单元包括：稳压电路和储能单元。
其中，稳压电路与第一互感单元连接，稳压电路用于将第一感应电参数中的电压转换为第一电压；储能单元与稳压电容连接，储能单元用于存储稳压电路输出的第一电压。
采用上述装置，采用稳压电路将供电单元的输出电压转换为供电单元连接的设备的供电电压，并通过储能单元对稳压电路的输出电压进行存储，以避免当连接设备的负载发生变化(例如增大)时，输出电压迅速下降，无法满足供电需求的问题。
在一种可能的设计中，电流检测单元为电阻和电流采样电路。
其中，电阻的两端与第一互感单元连接；电流采样电路与电阻并联。
在一种可能的设计中，第一互感单元为缠绕有第一绕组和第二绕组的环形磁芯，环形磁芯为闭合或非闭合的结构，环形磁芯为金属材料制作的，第一绕组与供电单元连接，第二绕组与电流检测单元连接。
采用上述装置，可以利用被测线缆穿过环形磁芯产生的电磁感应，在第一绕组上生成第一感应电参数以及在第二绕组上生成第二感应电参数。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电能检测装置，该电能检测装置包括第二互感单元和本申请实施例第一方面任一可能的设计中提供的电流检测装置。
其中，第二互感单元位于电流检测装置中第一互感单元的中空部分，第二互感单元用于根据被测线缆的实际电压，生成第三感应电压；电压检测单元分别与电流检测装置中的供电单元和第二互感单元连接，电压检测单元用于将第三感应电压转换为第三电压，并将第三电压输出给电流检测装置中的处理单元；电流检测装置与被测线缆耦合，电流检测装置用于检测被测线缆的电流值，以及根据第三电压以及被测线缆的电流值，计算被测线缆上传输的电能。
采用上述装置，由于电流和电压均未通过电气连接点上获取，能避免交流电能检测装置的安装位置受限于电气连接点的问题。并且交流电能检测装置与被测线缆之间无电气连接，在实时检测被测电压的幅值、相位以及被测线缆的所有谐波等信息的前提下，能提高交流电能检测装置的安规等级，降低交流电能检测装置的成本。
在一种可能的设计中，第二互感单元为闭合或非闭合的筒状结构；第二互感单元为金 属材料制作的，第二互感单元与被测线缆形成耦合电容，耦合电容两端的电压即为第三感应电压。
为了保证电容耦合的效果，第二互感单元可以为金属材料，而金属材料可以为铜、铝等，示例性的，第二互感单元可以为铜材质的箔片，并且该铜箔可以卷成闭合或非闭合的，在将铜箔套在被测线缆外部后，被测线缆与铜箔之间就会产生耦合电容。并且，第二互感单元还可以为多边形筒状结构，例如：正方形筒状结构、长方形筒状结构等等。此外，第二互感单元还可以为非筒状的金属双极板结构，将金属双极板布置在被测线缆的两侧，使被测线缆贯穿金属双极板，从而与被测线缆形成耦合电容。
在一种可能的设计中，电压检测单元为电压信号处理电路。
第三方面，本申请实施例提供了一种电流检测装置的控制方法，应用于电流检测装置中，电流检测装置包括第一互感单元、供电单元、电流检测单元、处理单元和切换单元，切换单元分别与第一互感单元、供电单元和电流检测单元连接，控制方法包括：
检测供电单元的输出的第一电压；在确定第一电压大于或等于第一预设阈值时，断开第一互感单元与供电单元的连接，以及控制第一互感单元与电流检测单元的连接；在确定第一电压小于或等于第二预设阈值时，控制第一互感单元与供电单元的连接，以及断开第一互感单元与电流检测单元的连接。
采用上述方法，可以供电单元和电流检测单元轮询与第一互感单元连接，从而可以有效的避免第一互感单元二次侧的两个绕组同时闭合时，两个绕组自激励对电流检测单元检测的影响。
在一种可能的设计中，第一预设阈值为与供电单元连接的设备的最大供电电压，第二预设阈值为与供电单元连接的设备的最小供电电压。
采用上述方法，在第一互感单元与电流检测单元连接的时间段内，处理单元利用电流检测单元输出的电流数值，计算被测线缆的电流有效值，此时供电单元的输出电压处于处理单元的工作电压范围内，保证处理单元的正常工作。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电流检测装置的结构示意图一；
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种电流检测装置的结构示意图二；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种电流检测装置的结构示意图三；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种电流检测装置的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种第一互感单元的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种切换单元的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种控制器的连接示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种电流检测装置的控制方法的流程示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元输出电压的电压波形示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种第一开关和第二开关的工作状态示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种电能检测装置的结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种第二互感单元的结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种电压互感器的结构示意图；
图15为本申请实施例提供的一种电压检测单元的结构示意图；
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种反向放大电路的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请作进一步地详细描述。本申请实施例提供的电流检测装置可以用于测量线缆上流过的电流，线缆应用于各类电网上进行电能的传输，电网可以为：城市电网、光伏电网、微电网、入户电网、工业电网等等。上述电网传输的电能，既可能是高频交流电，也可能是低频交流电，既可能是高压电，也可能是低压电，线缆上传输的电能主要由电网的具体类型决定，本申请实施例对此并不多做限制。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中“至少一个”是指一个或多个，其中，多个是指两个或两个以上。鉴于此，本申请实施例中也可以将“多个”理解为“至少两个”。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，字符“/”，如无特殊说明，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。另外，需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，“第一”、“第二”等词汇，仅用于区分描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，也不能理解为指示或暗示顺序。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中“连接”指的是电连接，两个电学元件连接可以是两个电学元件之间的直接或间接连接。例如，A与B连接，既可以是A与B直接连接，也可以是A与B之间通过一个或多个其它电学元件间接连接，例如A与B连接，也可以是A与C直接连接，C与B直接连接，A与B之间通过C实现了连接。
需要指出的是，本申请实施例中的开关可以是继电器、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor，MOSFET)，双极结型管(bipolar junction transistor，BJT)，绝缘栅双极型晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)，碳化硅(SiC)功率管等多种类型的开关器件中的一种或多种，本申请实施例对此不再一一列举。每个开关器件皆可以包括第一电极、第二电极和控制电极，其中，控制电极用于控制开关器件的闭合或断开。当开关器件闭合时，开关器件的第一电极和第二电极之间可以传输电流，当开关器件断开时，开关器件的第一电极和第二电极之间无法传输电流。以MOSFET为例，开关器件的控制电极为栅极，开关器件的第一电极可以是开关器件的源极，第二电极可以是开关器件的漏极，或者，第一电极可以是开关器件的漏极，第二电极可以是开关器件的源极。
以下，先对本申请实施例中涉及的部分用语进行解释说明，以便于本领域技术人员容易理解。
(1)安规等级(production compliance level)，安规是产品认证中对产品安全的要求，包含产品零件的安全的要求、组成成品后的安全要求。通过模拟使用方法，经过一系列的测试，考核产品在正常或非正常使用的情况下可能出现的电击、火灾、机械伤害、热伤害、化学伤害、辐射伤害、食品卫生等等危害。
(2)电容耦合，又称电场耦合或静电耦合，是由于分布电容的存在而产生的一种耦合方式。具体的，在直流电路中，电容相当于断路，电流无法通过；而在交流电路中，随着电 容一脚的电压逐步升高，与该脚相连的电极板上所聚集电荷也逐步增多，随着电压逐步降低，相应电极板上所聚集的电荷也逐渐减少，这整个过程中电容实际上没有电流通过，却看似有电流通过，因此耦合电容在交流电路中可以这种方式来近似完成电流由前一级至后一级的传递。
为了方便理解本申请实施例提供的电流电能检测装置，下面首先介绍一下其应用场景。电流检测装置可以通过检测被测线缆的实际电流，通过一定的计算得到线缆传输的电流有效值。一般来说，现有的电流检测装置是通过直接从被测线缆引出的电气连接点进行测量的。其中，在引出电气连接点后，可以将被测线缆接入分压电阻电路中进行分压降压，然后再进行对分压电压上的电信号进行信号处理，或者在引出电气连接点后，将被测线缆接入降压变压器，经过降压变压器降压后，然后再进行信号处理，最终得到被测线缆上的交流电流值，且上述电流检测装置需要专门配置电源进行供电。
然而，利用上述通过引出电气连接点来检测的方式，会使得电流检测装置在进行电流检测时，检测的位置受限于被测线缆上设置的电气连接点，并且还需要考虑设置电气连接点后，线缆的安规绝缘以及电气连接点与电流检测装置的供电电源之间的距离关系。此外，通过引出电气连接点进行检测的方式，势必会设置电阻分压电路或降压变压器来降低被测线缆上的电流以便于检测，因此上述电阻分压电路或降压变压器还会增加电流检测装置的体积和成本，给检测人员带来不便。
有鉴于此，对于电流检测装置还需要进一步的改进，简化电流检测装置，节省成本，使检测人员可以通过非接触的电气连接的方式检测交流电流。以下实施例以检测传输单相交流电的被测线缆进行举例介绍，但是以下实施例描述的电流检测装置同样可以适用于检测三相电流，在上述场景下电流检测装置的使用方法仅是单相场景下的简单组合，这里不做过多赘述。参阅图3所示，图3为一种电流检测装置，该电流检测装置300包括：第一互感单元301、供电单元302、电流检测单元303和处理单元304。
下面对该装置在检测被测线缆上流过的电流的过程中，各个单元的功能进行介绍。
第一互感单元301，第一互感单元301包括中空部分，被测线缆穿过该中空部分，用于根据被测线缆上流过的实际电流，生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数；供电单元302，供电单元302与第一互感单元301连接，用于将第一感应电参数中的电压转换为第一电压，并将第一电压传输给处理单元304为处理单元304供电；电流检测单元303，电流检测单元303与第一互感单元301连接，用于接收第二感应电参数，并将第二感应电参数中的电流转换为第二电压，并将第二电压传输给处理单元304。
处理单元304，处理单元304分别与供电单元302和电流检测单元303连接，用于根据电流检测单元303输出的第二电压，计算被测线缆上的电流值。其中，感应电参数可以包括电流和电压。
其中，第一互感单元301具体可以利用被测线缆上流过的实际电流，生成后续器件用于进行电流测量的感应电参数，该感应电参数的获取是通过互感单元实现的，而并非直接从被测线缆上引出，从而消除了电气连接点对电流检测装置300安装位置的限制，且可以很好的提高电流检测装置300的安规等级，具体的进行电流检测的方式可以参阅以下实施例中的描述的内容。
具体地，第一互感单元301可以包括开口测量型电流互感器(current transformer，CT)，该电流互感器包括中空部分，被测线缆闯过该中空部分，电流互感器是依据电磁感应原理 将被测线缆上流过的大电流转换成小电流来测量的仪器。电流互感器是由环形磁芯和缠绕在环形磁芯上的绕组构成。环形磁芯相当于该电流互感器的一次侧绕组，缠绕在环形磁芯上的绕组为电流互感器的二次侧绕组，利用电磁互感的原理，在电流互感器的二次侧绕组上生成相应的感应电参数。具体的，在被测线缆上流过电流时，被测线缆的周围会产生磁场，该磁场造成环形磁芯内的磁场发生变化，并在缠绕在环形磁芯的绕组上生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数。
其中，参见图4所示，供电单元302包括稳压电路和储能单元，由于被测线缆上流过单相交流电，单相交流电中的电压和电流的幅值均会随时间发生变化，为了保证供电稳定性，稳压电路可以将第一感应电参数中幅值发生变化的电压转换为幅值基本不变的第一电压，并将第一电压输出给处理单元。
具体实现时，储能单元中可以包括一个或多个并联的电容。
应理解，在采用本申请实施例提供的供电单元302为处理单元304以及其它负载供电过程中，随着处理单元304的电能的消耗，稳压电路的输入电压逐渐偏离处理单元304的工作电压区间，为了最大程度保证处理单元的正常工作，在稳压电路与处理单元之间连接有储能单元，储能单元可以存储稳压电路输出的第一电压，以保证储能单元输出的电压长期稳定在第一电压，从而有效的避免在为供电单元后端连接的设备供电过程中输出电压迅速降低。
应理解，由于被测线缆上流过的是单相交流电，因此供电单元302接收的第一感应电参数中的电压为交流电压，而供电单元302后端连接的设备多为直流供电设备。因此，供电单元302还可以包括连接在稳压电路与第一互感单元301之间的交流(alternating current，AC)转直流(direct current，DC)变换器(AC/DC变换器)，该AC/DC变换器可以用于将第一感应电参数中的交流电压转换为直流电压，并将该直流电压输出给稳压电路。
其中，参见图5所示，电流检测单元303包括第一电阻R1和电流采样电路，第二感应电参数中的电流流过第一电阻R1时，会在第一电阻R1两端产生相应的电压，电流采样电路采样第一电阻R1两端的电压，并将采样的电压输出给处理单元304。
处理单元304，可以是处理器或控制器，例如，可以是通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，通用处理器，数字信号处理(digital signal processing，DSP)，专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuits，ASIC)，现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、晶体管逻辑器件、硬件部件或者其任意组合。其可以实现或执行结合本申请公开内容所描述的各种示例性的逻辑方框，模块和电路。上述处理器也可以是实现计算功能的组合，例如包括一个或多个微处理器组合，DSP和微处理器的组合等等，并且处理单元304中还可以包括模拟数字转换器(analog to digital converter，ADC)，用于将电流检测单元303的输入的模拟量转换为数字量。
处理单元304，可以在接收到电流检测单元303输出的电压后，利用ADC，确定电流检测单元303输出电压有效值，并利用第一电阻R1的阻值进行欧姆运算得到被测线缆的电流值。其中，在电流检测单元303进行电流检测时，采样的电流与被测线缆上的实际电流进行一定比例(电流互感器一次侧与第二绕组的线圈匝数比)的缩小，因此，在输出第二电压，处理单元304在利用欧姆运算得到的电流值之后，对上述电流值放大线缆电流放大倍数，能得到被测线缆的实际电流值。
在一种可能的实施方式中，参见图6所示，图6为一种第一互感单元301的结构示意 图，在第一互感单元301中包括：环形磁芯、缠绕在环形磁芯上的第一绕组T1和第二绕组T2。其中，被测线缆穿过环形磁芯的中空部分，第一绕组的两个端点构成第一互感单元的第一输入端口、第二绕组的两个端点构成第一互感单元的第二输出端口。
在一种可能的实现方式中，环形磁芯为闭合或非闭合的环形中空结构；环形磁芯为金属材料制作的，其中金属材料可以为铜、铝等。被测线缆穿过环形磁芯的中空部分，环形磁芯用于基于被测线缆上的实际电流，在第一绕组上生成第一感应电参数，以及在第二绕组上生成第二感应电压。
图6所示的第一互感单元301中各器件的连接关系可以是：被测线缆穿过环形磁芯的中空部分，第一绕组T1的两个端点与供电单元302的两个输入端口连接，第二绕组T2的两个端点与电流检测单元303的两个输入端口连接。
采用图6所示的第一互感单元301生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数时，被测线缆的周围会产生电磁场，当被测线缆穿过的环形磁芯的中空部分时，会导致环形磁芯内的磁通发生变化，该磁通的变化会使第一绕组T1上生成第一感应电参数，以及使第二绕组T2上生成第二感应电参数。第一绕组T1将生成的第一感应电参数输出给供电单元302，第二绕组T2将生成的第二感应电参数输出给电流检测单元303。
需要说明的是，由于第一互感单元301中的第一绕组T1和第二绕组T2共用一个磁芯，若第一绕组T1和第二绕组T2同时处于闭合状态生成感应电参数，由于两个绕组之间存在自激励现象，第二绕组T2后端连接的电流检测单元利用第二感应电参数计算电流检测时，计算结果的准确度无法保证。
鉴于此，在第一绕组T1与供电单元302之间，以及在第二绕组T2与电流检测单元303之间设置切换单元305，该切换单元305用于控制第一绕组T1与供电单元302之间的连接，以及控制第二绕组T2与电流检测单元303之间的连接。采用上述切换单元305可以使第一绕组T1和第二绕组T2互补闭合，从而有效的避免两个绕组同时闭合时自激励对产生的感应电参数检测影响。
具体地，切换单元305以包括第一开关K1和第二开关K2。参见图7所示，第一开关K1连接在第一互感单元301中的第一绕组T1与供电单元302之间；第二开关K2连接在第一互感单元301中的第二绕组T2与电流检测单元303之间。
具体地，第一开关K1的第一电极与第一绕组的第一端点连接，第一开关K1的第二电极与供电单元301输入侧的第一端点连接；第二开关K2的第一电极与第二绕组的第二端点连接，第二开关K2的第二电极与电流检测单元301输入侧的第二端点连接。其中第一端点可以为设备传输高电平电压的一端。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电流检测装置300还可以包括与所述切换单元连接的控制器。
实际使用时，切换单元305以及用于控制切换单元305工作状态的控制器均与供电单元302连接，供电单元302可以为切换单元305以及控制器供电。
具体地，参见图8所示，控制器分别与第一开关K1和K2的控制电极连接，用于控制第一开关和第二开关的断开和导通。
综上，参阅图9所示的流程图，本申请实施例利用上述控制器控制切换单元中器件的状态的方法主要包括如下步骤：
S901：检测供电单元的输出的第一电压。
S902：在确定第一电压大于或等于第一预设阈值时，断开第一互感单元与供电单元的连接，以及控制第一互感单元与电流检测单元的连接。其中，第一预设阈值可以是与供电单元连接的设备的最大工作电压。
实际使用时，向连接在供电单元与第一互感单元之间的第一开关发送第一控制信号，以及向连接在电流检测单元与第一互感单元之间的第二开关发送第二控制信号。其中，第一控制信号用于控制第一开关闭合，第二控制信号用于控制第二开关断开。
在一示例中，为了保证与供电单元连接的设备正常工作，第一预设阈值可以小于上述最大工作电压。
S903：在确定第一电压小于或等于第二预设阈值时，控制第一互感单元与供电单元的连接，以及断开第一互感单元与电流检测单元的连接。其中，第二预设阈值可以是与供电单元连接的设备的最小工作电压。
实际使用时，向连接在供电单元与第一互感单元之间的第一开关发送第三控制信号，以及向连接在电流检测单元与第一互感单元之间的第二开关发送第四控制信号。其中，第三控制信号用于控制第一开关断开，第四控制信号用于控制第二开关闭合。
具体地，采用本申请实施例提供的电流检测装置的控制方法，控制本申请实施例所提供切换单元中的开关K1和K2的工作状态时，供电单元的输出电压Vout波形可以如图10所示，由图10可以看出供电单元的输出电压一直处于处理单元的工作电压区间内。
实际使用时，为了避免两个开关同时断开，造成两个开关或者两个开关连接的供电单元和电流检测单元因承受高压而损坏，可以延迟两个开关K1和K2的切换时刻，具体地。开关K1和K2的工作状态可如图11所示。
由上述实施例可见，基于本申请实施例所提供的电流检测装置300，控制器405可以根据供电单元的输入电压配置切换单元中第一开关和第二开关的导通时刻。结合上述内容可知，当供电单元的输出电压超出第一预设阈值时，则控制第一开关断开、且第二开关闭合进行电流检测，当供电单元的输出电压小于第二预设阈值时，控制第一开关闭合、且第二开关断开对供电单元存储电能，即供电单元的输出电压在第一预设阈值和第二预设阈值范围内。因此，采用本申请实施例图9所示的控制方法，有利于在保证电流检测结果的准确度的同时，保证处理单元的供电工作在额定工作电压区间内。
基于相同的技术构思，本申请还提供了一种电能检测装置，参阅图12所示，交流电压检测装置1200，包括第二互感单元1201、电压检测单元1202和前述电流检测装置300。
其中，第二互感单元1201位于电流检测装置300中的第一互感单元的中空部分，第二互感单元1201用于根据被测线缆的实际电压，生成第三感应电压；电压检测单元1202分别与电流检测装置300中供电单元和第二互感单元1201连接，电压检测单元1202用于将第三感应电压转换为第三电压，并将第三电压输出给电流检测装置300中的处理单元；电流检测装置300与被测线缆耦合，所述电流检测装置300用于检测所述被测线缆的电流值，以及根据所述第三电压以及所述被测线缆的电流值，计算所述被测线缆上传输的电能。
具体地，第二互感单元为闭合或非闭合的磁芯结构。参见图13所示，图13为一种第二互感单元的结构示意图，该第二互感单元连接在电流检测装置中的第一互感单元的中空部分，从而实现减少电能检测装置的体积。
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二互感单元可以是电压互感器。电压互感器，用于基于被测线缆上的实际电压和耦合电容，生成第三感应电压。
在一种可能的实现方式中，电压传感器为能够导电的筒状结构，被测线缆穿过电压传感器，电压传感器与被测线缆形成耦合电容，电压传感器为闭合或非闭合的筒状结构；电压传感器为金属材料制作的。参见图14所示，图14为一种电压传感器的结构示意图，电压传感器为铜材质的箔片，并且该铜箔可以卷成闭合或非闭合的，在将铜箔套在被测线缆后，被测线缆与铜箔之间就会产生耦合电容C x。
其中，电压传感器还可以为非图14所示的圆筒状结构，亦可以为多边形筒状结构，例如：正方形筒状结构、长方形筒状结构等等。此外，电压传感器还可以为非筒状的金属双极板结构，具体可以将金属双极板布置在被测线缆的两侧，使被测线缆贯穿金属双极板，从而与被测线缆形成耦合电容C x。
在电压传感器和被测线缆形成耦合电容C x后，被测线缆上的交流电压和耦合电容通过电容耦合，能形成第三感应电压输入电压检测单元1202中。
在一种可能的实施方式中，参见图15，电压检测单元1202包括：放大电路和移相补偿电路。放大电路包括第一输入端口、第二输入端口和第一输出端口；其中，第一输入端口与电压传感器连接，第二输入端口与地线连接，第一输出端口与移相补偿电路连接。
具体地，放大电路用于将第三感应电压放大第一倍数，通过输出端口向移相补偿电路输出第四电压；移相补偿电路用于将第四电压进行移相并放大第二倍数，输出第三电压。
实际使用时，第三感应电压的大小过小，不易被电流检测装置300中的处理单元中的ADC识别检测出来，因此需要放大电路将感应电压放大。其中，放大电路可以但不限于为：反向放大电路、差分放大电路等等。这里以反向放大电路为例，参阅图16所示，图16为一种反向放大电路的结构示意图，反向放大电路放大的第一倍数与反向放大电路中的反馈电阻R 0有关，反馈电阻R 0越大，放大倍数越大，本领域技术人员应当知晓，这里不再赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，移相补偿电路具体用于将第四电压的相位滞后90°。
以上从方法实施例的角度进行了描述。可以理解的是，为了实现上述方法，电流检测装置的控制方法装置可以包括执行各个功能相应的硬件结构和/或软件模块。本领域技术人员应该很容易意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，本申请能够以硬件或硬件和计算机软件的结合形式来实现。某个功能究竟以硬件还是计算机软件驱动硬件的方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机程序，当计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行以上实施例提供的交流电能检测方法，或使得计算机执行以上实施例提供的电流检测装置的控制方法。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机程序，计算机程序被计算机执行时，使得计算机执行以上实施例提供的电流检测装置的控制方法。
其中，存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。以此为例但不限于：计算机可读介质可以包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片，芯片用于读取存储器中存储的计算机程序，实现以上实施例提供的电流检测装置的控制方法。
基于以上实施例，本申请实施例提供了一种芯片系统，该芯片系统包括处理器，用于支持计算机装置实现以上实施例提供的电流检测装置的控制方法。在一种可能的设计中，芯片系统还包括存储器，存储器用于保存该计算机装置必要的程序和数据。该芯片系统，可以由芯片构成，也可以包含芯片和其他分立器件。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令。在计算机上加载和执行计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例的流程或功能。计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如同轴电缆、光纤、数字用户线(DSL))或无线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包括一个或多个可用介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。可用介质可以是磁性介质，(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘(Solid State Disk，SSD))等。
本申请实施例中所描述的各种说明性的逻辑单元和电路可以通过通用处理器，数字信号处理器，专用集成电路(ASIC)，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或其它可编程逻辑装置，离散门或晶体管逻辑，离散硬件部件，或上述任何组合的设计来实现或操作所描述的功能。通用处理器可以为微处理器，可选地，该通用处理器也可以为任何传统的处理器、控制器、微控制器或状态机。处理器也可以通过计算装置的组合来实现，例如数字信号处理器和微处理器，多个微处理器，一个或多个微处理器联合一个数字信号处理器核，或任何其它类似的配置来实现。
本申请实施例中所描述的方法或算法的步骤可以直接嵌入硬件、处理器执行的软件单元、或者这两者的结合。软件单元可以存储于RAM存储器、闪存、ROM存储器、EPROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、寄存器、硬盘、可移动磁盘、CD-ROM或本领域中其它任意形式的存储媒介中。示例性地，存储媒介可以与处理器连接，以使得处理器可以从存储媒介中读取信息，并可以向存储媒介存写信息。可选地，存储媒介还可以集成到处理器中。处理器和存储媒介可以设置于ASIC中。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管结合具体特征及其实施例对本申请进行了描述，显而易见的，在不脱离本申请的精神和范围的情况下，可对其进行各种修改和组合。相应地，本说明书和附图仅仅是所附权利要求所界定的本申请的示例性说明，且视为已覆盖本申请范围内的任意和所有修改、变化、组合或等同物。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术 的范围之内，则本申请也意图包括这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种电流检测装置，其特征在于，包括：第一互感单元、供电单元、电流检测单元和处理单元；
    所述第一互感单元包括中空部分，被测线缆穿过所述中空部分，所述第一互感单元用于根据所述被测线缆的实际电流，生成第一感应电参数和第二感应电参数；
    所述供电单元与所述第一互感单元连接，所述供电单元用于将所述第一感应电参数中的电压转换为第一电压，并为所述处理单元供电；所述第一电压为所述处理单元的供电电压；
    所述电流检测单元与所述第一互感单元连接，所述电流检测单元用于将所述第二感应电参数中的电流转换为第一电压；
    所述处理单元与所述供电单元和所述电流检测单元连接，所述处理单元用于根据所述电流检测单元输出的所述第二电压，计算所述被测线缆上的电流值。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括切换单元；
    所述切换单元连接在所述第一互感单元与所述供电单元之间，以及连接在所述第一互感单元与所述电流检测单元之间，所述切换单元用于控制所述第一互感单元与所述供电单元的连接，或控制所述第一互感单元与所述电流检测单元的连接。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述切换单元包括：第一开关和第二开关；
    所述第一开关连接在所述第一互感单元与所述供电单元之间；
    所述第二开关连接在所述第一互感单元与所述电流检测单元之间；
    所述第一开关和所述第二开关互补导通。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：与所述切换单元连接的控制器；
    所述控制器用于控制所述第一开关和所述第二开关的断开和导通。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述供电单元包括：稳压电路和储能单元；
    所述稳压电路与所述第一互感单元连接，所述稳压电路用于将所述第一感应电参数中的电压转换为所述第一电压；
    所述储能单元与所述稳压电路连接，所述储能单元用于存储所述稳压电路输出的第一电压。
  6. 如权利要求1-5中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电流检测单元为电阻和电流采样电路；
    所述电阻的两端与所述第一互感单元连接；
    所述电流采样电路与所述电阻并联。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一互感单元为缠绕有第一绕组和第二绕组的环形磁芯；所述环形磁芯为闭合或非闭合的结构，所述环形磁芯为金属材料制作的，所述第一绕组与所述供电单元连接，所述第二绕组与所述电流检测单元连接。
  8. 一种电能检测装置，其特征在于，包括：第二互感单元、电压检测单元和如权利要求1-7任一项所述的电流检测装置；
    所述第二互感单元位于所述电流检测装置中第一互感单元的中空部分，所述第二互感 单元用于根据所述被测线缆的实际电压，生成第三感应电压；
    所述电压检测单元分别与所述电流检测装置中供电单元和所述第二互感单元连接，所述电压检测单元用于将所述第三感应电压转换为第三电压，并将所述第三电压输出给所述电流检测装置中的处理单元；
    所述电流检测装置与所述被测线缆耦合，所述电流检测装置用于检测所述被测线缆的电流值，以及根据所述第三电压以及所述被测线缆的电流值，计算所述被测线缆上传输的电能。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第二互感单元为闭合或非闭合的筒状结构；所述第二互感单元为金属材料制作的，所述第二互感单元与所述被测线缆形成耦合电容，所述耦合电容两端的电压即为所述第三感应电压。
  10. 如权利要求8或9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电压检测单元包括：放大电路和移相补偿电路；
    所述放大电路与所述第二互感单元连接；
    所述移相补偿电路分别与所述放大电路和所述处理单元连接。
  11. 一种电流检测装置的控制方法，其特征在于，应用于电流检测装置中，所述电流检测装置包括第一互感单元、供电单元、电流检测单元、处理单元和切换单元，所述切换单元分别与所述第一互感单元、所述供电单元和所述电流检测单元连接，所述控制方法包括：
    检测所述供电单元的输出的第一电压；
    在确定所述第一电压大于或等于第一预设阈值时，断开所述第一互感单元与所述供电单元的连接，以及控制所述第一互感单元与所述电流检测单元的连接；
    在确定所述第一电压小于或等于第二预设阈值时，控制所述第一互感单元与所述供电单元的连接，以及断开所述第一互感单元与所述电流检测单元的连接。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一预设阈值为与所述供电单元连接的设备的最大供电电压，所述第二预设阈值为与所述供电单元连接的设备的最小供电电压。
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