WO2022217810A1 - Method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetics data of power station material under actual operation condition - Google Patents
Method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetics data of power station material under actual operation condition Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of metal material corrosion test methods, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetic data of power station materials in actual working conditions.
- the steam oxidation kinetic curves of heat-resistant materials at different temperatures are of great significance for the material selection and design of thermal power generating units and the life evaluation of components during operation. These data are obtained by oxidation in steam at different temperatures at different times. These data have a certain meaning, but due to the great difference with the actual operating conditions, there are insurmountable limitations.
- the main problems include: 1) Some materials form volatile oxidation in steam In the actual boiler, the volatile oxides will be taken away by the steam, but the steam flow rate of the laboratory test device is too low, which will cause the partial pressure of the volatile oxides in the steam to increase and inhibit the continued volatilization of the oxides.
- the rate and oxide layer structure may be significantly different from the actual operating conditions; 2)
- the water chemical conditions of the laboratory are very different from those of the actual boiler.
- the laboratory device can simulate the oxygenation or total volatilization treatment conditions of water by deoxidizing inert gas or adding oxygen to water, the pH value and trace ion content of water are still very different from the actual water quality of power station boilers.
- the relationship between the thickness of the oxide layer of some materials and the running time can also be obtained from the sampling analysis of the components after operation.
- the operating conditions of the unit are constantly changing, and the temperature and The pressure fluctuates disorderly within a certain range with time, so the oxide layer data obtained by cutting the tube is relatively scattered, and the accurate relationship between the thickness of the oxide layer, temperature and operating time cannot be obtained.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
- the method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetic data of power station materials in actual working conditions includes the following steps:
- step 1) the selection of the sampling position follows the following principles:
- the distance from the sampling location to the temperature measurement point should not exceed 1 meter, and the distance to the ceiling should not be less than 0.5 meters, and the distance to the header should not be less than 0.5 meters. Meter;
- Sampling locations include tubes with relatively high temperature levels, resulting in longer equivalent time data
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), the sample cutting adopts the cutting method of electric spark cutting that is less destructive to the oxide layer, and removes the damaged parts caused by on-site pipe cutting.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), the oxide layer is protected before the sample is prepared for the metallographic sample, including cold mounting, hot mounting and electroplating metal layer.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), the measurement of the average thickness of the oxide layer is performed by selecting no less than 5 complete fields of view of the oxide layer.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 4), the time interval between two temperature recording points is not less than 30 seconds and not more than 1 hour, so as to ensure that the temperature data fully reflects the change of the historical operating temperature of the sample, and the amount of data does not exceed is too big.
- step 4 the Arrhenius formula for calculating the equivalent running time is:
- T is equivalent to the target oxidation kinetic curve temperature
- t is equivalent to the equivalent time at the target temperature
- t i is the time interval of temperature recording
- T i is the value of the i-th temperature record
- Q is the diffusion activation of the material energy
- R is the gas constant.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 1), the number of multiple samples is not less than 3, which are obtained by taking samples with different temperature levels at the same time, or by sampling multiple times at the same position.
- the invention provides a method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions.
- the method uses the relationship between the oxidation time and temperature of heat-resistant materials in power stations to generally satisfy the law of the Arrhenius formula, and uses the Arrhenius formula to calculate the operation at the actual operating temperature by using the Arrhenius formula.
- the time is converted into the equivalent time at the temperature to be calculated, and the steam oxidation kinetic data of the power station boiler materials in the actual operating conditions is obtained, which is of great significance for the life evaluation of the key components of the unit and the life extension of the unit.
- the solution of the present invention can obtain the oxidation kinetic data of a large number of materials under actual operating conditions at a very low cost.
- the data is more in line with the actual unit than the laboratory data, and is more reliable for the selection of unit materials, component life assessment and unit life extension.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sampling location.
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of temperature recording.
- Figure 3 is a metallographic photograph of the oxide layer.
- Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the oxidation kinetics data.
- the sample is a T92 steel pipe of the last stage reheater header of a unit. This position is in the furnace top hot room. There is no heat exchange during the normal operation of the unit, and a monitoring thermocouple is installed. The distance from the ceiling is more than 0.5 meters to avoid being affected by the heat conduction of the tube sections in the furnace, and the distance from the fillet weld of the header is more than 0.5 meters.
- Thermocouple temperature records are consistent. A total of two samples were taken during the two shutdown periods, and two samples were taken each time. The temperature record of one sample is shown in Figure 2. For each temperature record, the equivalent time at 620°C was calculated by the Arrhenius formula.
- the sample was cut to a suitable size with electric spark, and the edge of the sample and the oxide layer were protected by hot inlay, and then after pre-grinding with different particle sizes of sandpaper and polishing with diamond polishing paste, it was observed with a metallographic microscope.
- the typical photo is shown in Figure 3. Take pictures for no less than 5 fields of view, measure and calculate the average thickness.
Abstract
A method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetics data of a power station material under an actual operation condition, the method comprising: according to the rule that the relationships between the oxidation layer thickness, the oxidation time and the temperature of a heat resistant material of a power station satisfy the Arrhenius equation, and by selecting specific positions for sampling and collecting operation data of a unit, converting, by means of the Arrhenius equation, the operation time at an actual operation temperature into an equivalent operation time at a temperature to be calculated, and obtaining steam oxidation kinetics data of a power station boiler material under actual operation conditions. The method is of great significance for service life evaluation on key components of the unit and for service life extension of the unit.
Description
本发明属于金属材料腐蚀试验方法领域，具体涉及电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法。The invention belongs to the field of metal material corrosion test methods, and particularly relates to a method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetic data of power station materials in actual working conditions.
耐热材料在不同温度下的蒸汽氧化动力学曲线对于火力发电机组选材设计以及运行过程中部件的寿命评估有重要意义，目前其获得方法一般是通过在实验室建立试验装置，将材料放置在特定温度下的蒸汽中氧化不同时间获得的，这些数据有一定意义，但是因与实际运行条件差异很大，存在难以克服的局限性，主要的问题包括：1)部分材料在蒸汽中形成易挥发氧化物，在实际锅炉中，挥发性氧化物会被蒸汽带走，但是实验室的试验装置蒸汽流量太低，会导致蒸汽中挥发性氧化物分压升高而抑制氧化物的继续挥发，因此氧化速率和氧化层结构可能与实际运行条件下出现明显差异；2)试验室的水化学条件与实际锅炉有很大差异，例如为了解决水侧部件的流动加速腐蚀问题，超临界以上的锅炉大多采用加氧工艺，实验室装置虽然可以通过惰性气体除氧或向水中加氧来模拟水的加氧或全挥发处理条件，但是水的PH值、微量离子含量等仍与实际电站锅炉水质有很大差异；3)实验室蒸汽的压力难以达到实际电站锅炉中的运行蒸汽压力，导致实验室试验和实际锅炉中蒸汽的氧分压产生很大差异；4)因实验室试验需要24小时不间断时间，造成大量的人力和物力负担，成本高昂，一般最长做到几千小时试验，无法进行长时试验，而外推数据可靠性差。受到以上因素互相影响，实验室获得的氧化动力学数据在实际使用时局限性大，甚至可能对部件选材 以及寿命评估结果产生很大误差，给机组运行带来风险。The steam oxidation kinetic curves of heat-resistant materials at different temperatures are of great significance for the material selection and design of thermal power generating units and the life evaluation of components during operation. These data are obtained by oxidation in steam at different temperatures at different times. These data have a certain meaning, but due to the great difference with the actual operating conditions, there are insurmountable limitations. The main problems include: 1) Some materials form volatile oxidation in steam In the actual boiler, the volatile oxides will be taken away by the steam, but the steam flow rate of the laboratory test device is too low, which will cause the partial pressure of the volatile oxides in the steam to increase and inhibit the continued volatilization of the oxides. The rate and oxide layer structure may be significantly different from the actual operating conditions; 2) The water chemical conditions of the laboratory are very different from those of the actual boiler. For example, in order to solve the problem of flow accelerated corrosion of water-side components, most boilers above supercritical use Oxygenation process, although the laboratory device can simulate the oxygenation or total volatilization treatment conditions of water by deoxidizing inert gas or adding oxygen to water, the pH value and trace ion content of water are still very different from the actual water quality of power station boilers. Difference; 3) The pressure of laboratory steam is difficult to reach the operating steam pressure in the actual power station boiler, resulting in a large difference in the oxygen partial pressure of the steam in the laboratory test and the actual boiler; 4) Because the laboratory test requires 24 hours of uninterrupted time , resulting in a lot of manpower and material burden, high cost, generally up to several thousand hours of testing, can not carry out long-term testing, and the reliability of extrapolated data is poor. Due to the mutual influence of the above factors, the oxidation kinetic data obtained in the laboratory has great limitations in actual use, and may even cause great errors in the selection of components and the results of life evaluation, bringing risks to the operation of the unit.
从运行后的部件取样分析也可以获得一些材料氧化层厚度与运行时间的关系，但是由于机组在运行过程中，受到电网端需求、煤种等的影响，机组的运行条件不停变化，温度和压力随时间在一定范围内呈无序波动，因此割管得到的氧化层数据较为分散，且不能获得氧化层的厚度与温度、运行时间的准确关系。The relationship between the thickness of the oxide layer of some materials and the running time can also be obtained from the sampling analysis of the components after operation. However, due to the influence of the power grid end demand and coal type during the operation of the unit, the operating conditions of the unit are constantly changing, and the temperature and The pressure fluctuates disorderly within a certain range with time, so the oxide layer data obtained by cutting the tube is relatively scattered, and the accurate relationship between the thickness of the oxide layer, temperature and operating time cannot be obtained.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是针对上述现有技术中存在的问题，提供了电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，包括以下步骤：The method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetic data of power station materials in actual working conditions includes the following steps:
1)根据锅炉温度测点安装位置、运行条件下的温度水平以及现场条件选择取样位置；1) Select the sampling location according to the installation location of the boiler temperature measuring point, the temperature level under operating conditions and the site conditions;
2)在机组检修过程中在预定取样位置割管取样；2) During the maintenance process of the unit, cut the pipe at the predetermined sampling position for sampling;
3)将样品切割到合适大小，制备金相试样，用显微镜观察并测量氧化层平均厚度；3) Cut the sample to an appropriate size, prepare a metallographic sample, observe and measure the average thickness of the oxide layer with a microscope;
4)通过运行监控系统获得该样品自开始运行到割管时间的温度记录，用Arrhenius公式折算在所要计算温度下的等效时间；4) Obtain the temperature record of the sample from the start of operation to the time of cutting the pipe through the operation monitoring system, and use the Arrhenius formula to convert the equivalent time under the temperature to be calculated;
5)将多个样品的等效时间作为横坐标，氧化层平均厚度作为纵坐标制图，获得氧化动力学曲线。5) Plot the equivalent time of multiple samples as the abscissa and the average thickness of the oxide layer as the ordinate to obtain the oxidation kinetic curve.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤1)中，取样位置的选择遵循以下原则：A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 1), the selection of the sampling position follows the following principles:
炉内存在较强热交换的部件，取样位置到温度测点的距离不超过0.5米；There are parts with strong heat exchange in the furnace, and the distance from the sampling position to the temperature measurement point should not exceed 0.5 meters;
位于炉顶热室等在运行过程中热交换程度弱的部件，取样位置到温度测点 的距离不超过1米，且到顶棚的距离不少于0.5米，到集箱的距离不少于0.5米；For components with weak heat exchange during operation, such as the hot room on the top of the furnace, the distance from the sampling location to the temperature measurement point should not exceed 1 meter, and the distance to the ceiling should not be less than 0.5 meters, and the distance to the header should not be less than 0.5 meters. Meter;
取样位置包括温度水平相对较高的管子，得到更长等效时间的数据；Sampling locations include tubes with relatively high temperature levels, resulting in longer equivalent time data;
如果条件允许同时取多个管样，各取样位置温度水平存在明显差异，使得折算的等效时间有差别。If the conditions allow multiple pipe samples to be taken at the same time, there are obvious differences in the temperature level of each sampling location, which makes the equivalent time of conversion different.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤3)中，样品切割选用电火花切割对氧化层破坏性小的切割方式，并去除现场割管导致的受损部位。A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), the sample cutting adopts the cutting method of electric spark cutting that is less destructive to the oxide layer, and removes the damaged parts caused by on-site pipe cutting.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤3)中，样品制备金相试样之前对氧化层采取保护，包括冷镶、热镶以及电镀金属层。A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), the oxide layer is protected before the sample is prepared for the metallographic sample, including cold mounting, hot mounting and electroplating metal layer.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤3)中，氧化层平均厚度测量选择不少于5个氧化层完整的视场进行。A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), the measurement of the average thickness of the oxide layer is performed by selecting no less than 5 complete fields of view of the oxide layer.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤4)中，温度记录两点之间的时间间隔不小于30秒，不大于1小时，在保证温度数据充分反映样品历史运行温度的变化情况，同时数据量不至于过大。A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 4), the time interval between two temperature recording points is not less than 30 seconds and not more than 1 hour, so as to ensure that the temperature data fully reflects the change of the historical operating temperature of the sample, and the amount of data does not exceed is too big.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤4)中，所述计算等效运行时间的Arrhenius公式为：A further improvement of the present invention is that in step 4), the Arrhenius formula for calculating the equivalent running time is:
其中T
等效为目标氧化动力学曲线温度，t
等效为目标温度下的等效时间，t
i为温度记录的时间间隔，T
i为第i个温度记录的数值，Q为材料的扩散激活能，R为气体常数。
where T is equivalent to the target oxidation kinetic curve temperature, t is equivalent to the equivalent time at the target temperature, t i is the time interval of temperature recording, T i is the value of the i-th temperature record, and Q is the diffusion activation of the material energy, and R is the gas constant.
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤1)中，多个样品数量不少于3个，通过在同一次取温度水平不同的样品获得，或者在同一位置多次取样获得。A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 1), the number of multiple samples is not less than 3, which are obtained by taking samples with different temperature levels at the same time, or by sampling multiple times at the same position.
本发明至少具有如下有益的技术效果：The present invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明提供的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，该方法利用电站耐热材料氧化时间与温度的关系一般满足Arrhenius公式的规律，利用Arrhenius公式将实际运行温度下的运行时间折算为所要计算温度下的等效时间，获得电站锅炉材料在实际运行工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据，对于机组关键部件寿命评估以及机组延寿等具有重要意义。与现有技术相比，本发明解决方案可以以非常低廉的成本获得大量材料在在实际运行工况下的氧化动力学数据，在节约人力物力的同时，因数据是在实际工况下的真实数据，比实验室数据更符合实际机组，用于机组选材和部件寿命评估以及机组延寿更加可靠。The invention provides a method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions. The method uses the relationship between the oxidation time and temperature of heat-resistant materials in power stations to generally satisfy the law of the Arrhenius formula, and uses the Arrhenius formula to calculate the operation at the actual operating temperature by using the Arrhenius formula. The time is converted into the equivalent time at the temperature to be calculated, and the steam oxidation kinetic data of the power station boiler materials in the actual operating conditions is obtained, which is of great significance for the life evaluation of the key components of the unit and the life extension of the unit. Compared with the prior art, the solution of the present invention can obtain the oxidation kinetic data of a large number of materials under actual operating conditions at a very low cost. The data is more in line with the actual unit than the laboratory data, and is more reliable for the selection of unit materials, component life assessment and unit life extension.
图1是取样位置示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sampling location.
图2是温度记录示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of temperature recording.
图3是氧化层金相照片。Figure 3 is a metallographic photograph of the oxide layer.
图4是氧化动力学数据示意图。Figure 4 is a graphical representation of the oxidation kinetics data.
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的示例性实施例，然而应当理解，可以以各种形式实现本公开而不应被这里阐述的实施例所限制。相反，提供这些实施例是为了能够更透彻地理解本公开，并且能够将本公开的范围完整的传达给本领域的技术人员。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be more thoroughly understood, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
实施例1Example 1
样品为某机组末级再热器集箱T92钢接管，该位置在炉顶热室内，在机组正常运行过程中无热交换，且安装有监控热电偶，在图1所示位置割管取样，距顶棚超过0.5米，避免受到炉内管段的热传导影响，距离集箱角焊缝超过0.5米，取样不影响集箱，且不受到集箱厚壁管管壁热传导的影响，取样位置实际温度与热电偶温度记录一致。共在两次停炉期间取样，每次取2根，其中一个试样的温度记录见图2，对各温度记录通过Arrhenius公式计算得到620℃下的等效时间。The sample is a T92 steel pipe of the last stage reheater header of a unit. This position is in the furnace top hot room. There is no heat exchange during the normal operation of the unit, and a monitoring thermocouple is installed. The distance from the ceiling is more than 0.5 meters to avoid being affected by the heat conduction of the tube sections in the furnace, and the distance from the fillet weld of the header is more than 0.5 meters. Thermocouple temperature records are consistent. A total of two samples were taken during the two shutdown periods, and two samples were taken each time. The temperature record of one sample is shown in Figure 2. For each temperature record, the equivalent time at 620°C was calculated by the Arrhenius formula.
取样后对样品用电火花切割到合适大小，采用热镶嵌保护试样边缘以及氧化层，然后经过不同粒度的砂纸预磨以及金刚石抛光膏抛光后，用金相显微镜观察，典型照片见图3，对不少于5个视场拍照测量并计算平均厚度。After sampling, the sample was cut to a suitable size with electric spark, and the edge of the sample and the oxide layer were protected by hot inlay, and then after pre-grinding with different particle sizes of sandpaper and polishing with diamond polishing paste, it was observed with a metallographic microscope. The typical photo is shown in Figure 3. Take pictures for no less than 5 fields of view, measure and calculate the average thickness.
以各试样的620℃等效时间作为横坐标，以管样平均厚度为纵坐标，得到氧化动力学曲线，见图4。Taking the equivalent time at 620°C of each sample as the abscissa and the average thickness of the pipe sample as the ordinate, the oxidation kinetics curve was obtained, as shown in Figure 4.
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made on the basis of the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the claimed protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- 电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetic data of power station materials in actual working conditions is characterized in that, it includes the following steps:1)根据锅炉温度测点安装位置、运行条件下的温度水平以及现场条件选择取样位置；1) Select the sampling location according to the installation location of the boiler temperature measuring point, the temperature level under operating conditions and the site conditions;2)在机组检修过程中在预定取样位置割管取样；2) During the maintenance process of the unit, cut the pipe at the predetermined sampling position for sampling;3)将样品切割到合适大小，制备金相试样，用显微镜观察并测量氧化层平均厚度；3) Cut the sample to an appropriate size, prepare a metallographic sample, observe and measure the average thickness of the oxide layer with a microscope;4)通过运行监控系统获得该样品自开始运行到割管时间的温度记录，用Arrhenius公式折算在所要计算温度下等效时间；4) Obtain the temperature record of the sample from the start of operation to the time of pipe cutting through the operation monitoring system, and use the Arrhenius formula to convert the equivalent time at the temperature to be calculated;5)将多个样品的等效时间作为横坐标，氧化层平均厚度作为纵坐标制图，获得该计算温度下的氧化动力学曲线。5) Plot the equivalent time of multiple samples as the abscissa and the average thickness of the oxide layer as the ordinate to obtain the oxidation kinetic curve at the calculated temperature.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，取样位置的选择遵循以下原则：The method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetics data of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1), the selection of the sampling location follows the following principles:炉内存在较强热交换的部件，取样位置到温度测点的距离不超过0.5米；There are parts with strong heat exchange in the furnace, and the distance from the sampling position to the temperature measurement point should not exceed 0.5 meters;位于炉顶热室等在运行过程中热交换程度弱的部件，取样位置到温度测点的距离不超过1米，且到顶棚的距离不少于0.5米，到集箱的距离不少于0.5米；For components with weak heat exchange during operation, such as the hot room on the top of the furnace, the distance from the sampling location to the temperature measurement point should not exceed 1 meter, and the distance to the ceiling should not be less than 0.5 meters, and the distance to the header should not be less than 0.5 meters. Meter;取样位置包括温度水平相对较高的管子，得到更长等效时间的数据；Sampling locations include tubes with relatively high temperature levels, resulting in longer equivalent time data;如果条件允许同时取多个管样，各取样位置温度水平存在明显差异，使得折算的等效时间有差别。If the conditions allow multiple pipe samples to be taken at the same time, there are obvious differences in the temperature level of each sampling location, which makes the equivalent time of conversion different.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中，样品切割选用电火花切割对氧化层破坏性小的切割方式，并去除现场割管导致的受损部位。The method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 3), the sample cutting selects a cutting method that is less destructive to the oxide layer by electric spark cutting, and removes the Damaged parts caused by on-site pipe cutting.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获 得方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中，样品制备金相试样之前对氧化层采取保护，包括冷镶、热镶以及电镀金属层。The method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 3), the oxide layer is protected before the metallographic sample is prepared for the sample, including cold mounting, thermal Inlaid and electroplated metal layers.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中，氧化层平均厚度测量选择不少于5个氧化层完整的视场进行。The method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 3), no less than 5 complete fields of view of the oxide layer are selected for the measurement of the average thickness of the oxide layer. .
- 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，温度记录两点之间的时间间隔不小于30秒，不大于1小时，在保证温度数据充分反映样品历史运行温度的变化情况，同时数据量不至于过大。The method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the time interval between two temperature recording points is not less than 30 seconds and not more than 1 hour , in order to ensure that the temperature data fully reflects the change of the historical operating temperature of the sample, and the amount of data is not too large.
- 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，所述计算等效运行时间的Arrhenius公式为：The method for obtaining steam oxidation kinetic data of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, wherein in step 4), the Arrhenius formula for calculating the equivalent running time is:
其中T 等效为目标氧化动力学曲线温度，t 等效为目标温度下的等效时间，t i为温度记录的时间间隔，T i为第i个温度记录的数值，Q为材料的扩散激活能，R为气体常数。 where T is equivalent to the target oxidation kinetic curve temperature, t is equivalent to the equivalent time at the target temperature, t i is the time interval of temperature recording, T i is the value of the i-th temperature record, and Q is the diffusion activation of the material energy, and R is the gas constant. - 根据权利要求1所述的电站材料在实际工况中的蒸汽氧化动力学数据获得方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，多个样品数量不少于3个，通过在同一次取温度水平不同的样品获得，或者在同一位置多次取样获得。The method for obtaining kinetic data of steam oxidation of power station materials in actual working conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step 1), the number of multiple samples is not less than 3, by taking different temperature levels at the same time of samples, or multiple samples at the same location.
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