WO2022217404A1 - 拍摄装置和移动平台 - Google Patents

拍摄装置和移动平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022217404A1
WO2022217404A1 PCT/CN2021/086454 CN2021086454W WO2022217404A1 WO 2022217404 A1 WO2022217404 A1 WO 2022217404A1 CN 2021086454 W CN2021086454 W CN 2021086454W WO 2022217404 A1 WO2022217404 A1 WO 2022217404A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image sensor
photographing device
driving mechanism
lens
optical axis
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Application number
PCT/CN2021/086454
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
雷蕾
刘煜程
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN202180080913.7A priority Critical patent/CN116830592A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/086454 priority patent/WO2022217404A1/zh
Publication of WO2022217404A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217404A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/60Control of cameras or camera modules

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of imaging technologies, and in particular, to a photographing device and a mobile platform.
  • a telephoto lens has a shorter depth of field and requires more frequent focusing.
  • a telephoto lens generally has a large volume and weight. If an additional structure for focusing is added, the volume and weight of the lens will be further increased, or the driving structure will be complicated, resulting in a decrease in the reliability of the movement of the entire lens.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a photographing device and a mobile platform.
  • the lens located in the housing, the lens has an optical axis
  • an image sensor located in the housing and disposed on the image side of the lens
  • a first driving mechanism mounted on the housing and connected to the image sensor, the first driving mechanism is used for driving the image sensor to move back and forth along the optical axis of the lens, so as to make the photographing device focus .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photographing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a photographing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is the correspondence between the distance from the image sensor to the in-focus position and the grayscale value of the image according to the embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another module of the photographing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a scene in which the ranging component according to an embodiment of the present application performs ranging on a photographed object;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile platform according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the photographing device 100 the object to be photographed 200, and the mobile platform 300;
  • shutter mechanism 41 shutter plate 43, second drive mechanism 45;
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection connected, or integrally connected. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection connected, or integrally connected. It can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. It can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two elements or the interaction relationship between the two elements.
  • the first driving mechanism 17 drives the image sensor 15 to move back and forth along the optical axis L, so that the image sensor 15 finally stays at the in-focus position of the lens 13, and the adjustment of the photographing device 100 is realized. coke. Since the image sensor 15 has a smaller size and weight relative to the overall lens 13 , it is beneficial to reduce the weight and structural complexity of the focusing mechanism, and improve the reliability of focusing the camera of the photographing device 100 .
  • the weight and complexity of the driving mechanism can be effectively reduced, and the reliability of the photographing device 100 can also be improved.
  • the photographing device 100 may be applied to an infrared imaging system, and the image sensor 15 may include an infrared detector. Specifically, when infrared light on the object side of the lens 13 passes through the lens 13 and reaches the image side, the image sensor 15 can capture the infrared light on the image side, and obtain infrared image information.
  • the image sensor 15 includes an infrared detector. It is understood that, in other embodiments, the image sensor 15 may further include at least one of a visible light detector, a laser detector, and the like. Specifically, in an embodiment in which the image sensor 15 includes a visible light detector, the image sensor 15 can obtain visible light image information; in an embodiment in which the image sensor 15 includes a laser detector, the image sensor 15 can obtain laser image information. That is to say, for those skilled in the art, the same or similar technical effect of focusing the photographing device 100 as the embodiment in which the image sensor 15 includes an infrared detector can be achieved.
  • the infrared detector may include one of a short wave detector, a medium wave detector, and a long wave detector.
  • the infrared detector may also include a multi-band detector.
  • the multi-band may include at least two of short wave, medium wave, and long wave.
  • Shortwave refers to infrared light with a frequency of 3MHz to 30MHz.
  • Medium wave refers to infrared light with frequencies from 300kHz to 3MHz.
  • Longwave refers to infrared light with frequencies less than 300 kHz.
  • the number of the guide rods 21 is at least two. At least two guide rods 21 are parallel to each other. It can be understood that in the case where multiple guide rods 21 are installed on the housing 11, the image sensor 15 will be jointly limited by the multiple guide rods 21, and the image sensor 15 will not easily shake during the movement process, which can increase the The stability of the image sensor 15 when moving.
  • the guide rod 21 may be a non-sensing area connected to the image sensor 15 throughly.
  • the image sensor 15 is mounted on a square substrate 23 .
  • the base plate 23 is slidably connected to the guide rod 21 .
  • At least two guide rods 21 are arranged at diagonal positions of the base plate 23 .
  • the base plate 23 is provided with a through hole 25 , and the guide rod 21 passes through the through hole 25 of the base plate 23 .
  • the number of the guide rods 21 is two, and the number of the through holes 25 is two.
  • the two through holes 25 are disposed on both sides of the base plate 23 along the diagonal direction of the base plate 23 , so that the two guide rods 21 are respectively arranged at the opposite corners of the base plate 23 , so as to ensure that the image sensor 15 moves smoothly.
  • the structure of the guide rod 21 is simplified.
  • the number of the guide rods 21 is four, and the number of the through holes 25 is four.
  • the four through holes 25 are respectively arranged at the four corners of the base plate 23 , and the four guide rods 21 are respectively arranged at the four corner positions of the base plate 23 , so that the reliability of the image sensor 15 when moving can be further improved.
  • connection position of the base plate 23 and the guide rod 21 is determined according to a predetermined rule.
  • connection position of the guide rod 21 on the base plate 23 may be random or irregular. , it is subject to the technical effect that can achieve the same or similar as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be described in detail here.
  • the driving manner of the first driving mechanism 17 to the image sensor 15 may be screw driving.
  • the image sensor 15 is mounted on the substrate 23 .
  • the first driving mechanism 17 includes a first motor 171 and a screw 173 .
  • the longitudinal direction of the screw 173 is parallel to the optical axis L direction.
  • the screw 173 passes through and is screwed to the base plate 23 .
  • the first motor 171 is connected to the screw 173 .
  • the first motor 171 is used to drive the screw 173 to rotate, so that the substrate 23 drives the image sensor 15 to move back and forth along the optical axis L.
  • the first motor 171 can drive the screw rod 173 to rotate along its own length direction, so that the screw thread 173 is threaded with the screw rod 173 .
  • the connected substrate 23 will be driven to move along the threaded structure of the screw 173 , so that the image sensor 15 can move back and forth along the optical axis L direction.
  • the image sensor 15 moves in a direction close to the lens 13
  • the screw 173 rotates counterclockwise the image sensor 15 moves away from the lens 13 .
  • the first motor 171 may be a stepping motor.
  • the focus position of the lens 13 may be the position on the optical axis L of the focus of the lens 13 after the focus is achieved.
  • the guide rod 21 and the screw 173 can cooperate to drive the image sensor 15 to move in the case of It also has good orientation and reliability.
  • the first driving mechanism 17 includes a second motor (not shown) and an elastic member (not shown).
  • the image sensor 15 is mounted on the substrate 23 .
  • the elastic member is elastically connected to the base plate 23 .
  • the second motor is connected to the elastic member. The second motor is used to drive the elastic member to elastically stretch in the direction of the optical axis L, so that the substrate 23 drives the image sensor 15 to move back and forth along the optical axis L.
  • the photographing apparatus 100 includes a processor 31 .
  • the processor 31 is configured to collect an image output by the image sensor 15, and control the first driving mechanism 17 to drive the image sensor 15 to move according to the image.
  • the photographing device 100 it can be determined whether the image sensor 15 is located at the in-focus position of the lens 13 by judging the gray value of the image.
  • the processor 31 is used to determine the difference between the gray values of the two images collected before and after, and when the gray value of the image collected later is greater than the gray value of the image collected before, the processor 31 is used to The first driving mechanism 17 is controlled to drive the image sensor 15 to continue moving along the original moving direction.
  • the processor 31 is configured to control the first driving mechanism 17 to drive the image sensor 15 to move in the opposite direction of the original moving direction.
  • the captured image when the image sensor 15 is in the in-focus position, the captured image has the largest grayscale value.
  • the initial position of the image sensor 15 along the direction of the optical axis L corresponds to point A, and the image sensor 15 can determine the gray value corresponding to point B when the image sensor 15 moves to the position corresponding to point B along the direction of the optical axis L It is greater than the gray value corresponding to point A, so that the current moving direction can be maintained to continue moving.
  • the photographing apparatus 100 includes a processor 31 and a ranging component 33 .
  • the distance measuring component 33 is used to determine the distance between the object 200 and the photographing device 100, and the processor 31 is used to control the first driving mechanism 17 to drive the image sensor 15 to move according to the distance.
  • the distance measuring component 33 can measure the distance between the object 200 and the photographing device 100
  • the processor 31 is made to determine the in-focus position of the lens 13 according to the distance between the object 200 and the photographing device 100 .
  • the position information of the current position of the image sensor 15 and the focus position of the lens 13 can be transmitted to the first driving mechanism 17, so that the first driving mechanism 17 drives the image sensor according to the distance information 15 moves in the direction of the optical axis L.
  • the position information may include the moving direction and moving distance of the image sensor 15 relative to the in-focus position of the lens 13 .
  • the processor 31 determines that the current position of the image sensor 15 is consistent with the focus position of the lens 13 , the processor 31 can control the first driving mechanism 17 to stop driving the image sensor 15 .
  • the ranging assembly 33 includes at least one of a laser assembly, an ultrasonic assembly, and an infrared assembly.
  • the ranging component 33 includes a laser component, and the ranging component 33 may adopt the mode of transmitting and receiving laser light, and by detecting the time difference between transmitting laser light and receiving laser light to determine the object 200 to be photographed and the image taken distance between devices 100 .
  • the ranging component 33 includes an ultrasonic component. The ranging component 33 can transmit and receive ultrasonic waves, and determine the object 200 and the photographing device 100 by detecting the time difference between transmitting ultrasonic waves and receiving ultrasonic waves. the distance between.
  • the distance measuring component 33 includes an infrared component, and the distance measuring component 33 can adopt the way of transmitting and receiving infrared light, and determine the object 200 and the object to be photographed by detecting the time difference between transmitting the infrared light and receiving the infrared light.
  • the distance between the photographing devices 100 may include at least two of a laser component, an ultrasonic component and an infrared component, so that the ranging component 33 can select different ranging methods according to actual conditions.
  • the ranging component 33 may select to perform ranging by infrared light when the ambient light intensity is low, and select to perform ranging by laser light when the ambient light intensity is strong. There is no specific limitation here.
  • the number of shutter sheets 43 is one.
  • the shutter plate 43 can be arranged on the object side of the lens 13 along the direction of the optical axis L, so that the shutter plate 43 is relative to the image sensor 15 On the other side of the lens 13.
  • the lens 13 may be composed of a plurality of lenses, and the shutter plate 43 is disposed at a position between two lenses, so that the shutter plate 43 is disposed in the lens 13 .
  • the number of shutter sheets 43 may be two or more.
  • the number of shutter sheets 43 is two, and the two shutter sheets 43 can move back and forth in opposite directions along the vertical direction of the optical axis L, so that the shutter mechanism 41 can be opened and closed.
  • the number of shutter sheets 43 is three, and the three shutter sheets 43 can move back and forth along the vertical direction of the optical axis L at 120° intervals around the optical axis L in sequence.
  • the number of the shutter sheets 43 is four, and the three shutter sheets 43 can move back and forth along the vertical direction of the optical axis L at 90° intervals around the optical axis L in sequence.
  • the shutter mechanism 41 includes a second driving mechanism 45 .
  • the second driving mechanism 45 is connected to the shutter plate 43 .
  • the second driving mechanism 45 can drive the shutter plate 43 to realize the controllable exposure of the image.
  • the second driving mechanism 45 may be an annular structure.
  • the second driving mechanism 45 has a circle center along its own annular structure, the second driving mechanism 45 is arranged in an annular structure around the optical axis L, and the circle center of the annular structure is located on the optical axis L The plane on which the ring corresponding to the center of the circle is located is perpendicular to the optical axis L.
  • the second driving mechanism 45 can apply a uniform driving force to the shutter sheet 43, so that the shutter sheet 43 can be evenly opened and closed.
  • the magnitude of the driving force received by each shutter sheet 43 can be the same. That is to say, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the shutter plate 43 can be prevented from being damaged due to uneven force during opening and closing, so that controllable exposure of the image can be realized.
  • a mobile platform 300 provided by an embodiment of the present application includes a main body 301 and the photographing device 100 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
  • the imaging device 100 is mounted on the main body 301 .
  • the mobile platform 300 includes, but is not limited to, unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, unmanned vehicles, unmanned ships, manned aerial vehicles, detection equipment, and the like.
  • the body 301 can be the fuselage of the drone, and the photographing device 100 can be mounted on the fuselage of the drone, and the orientation can be adjusted relative to the fuselage, so that it can be Shoot from different angles.
  • the drone may also include a gimbal.
  • the body 301 is connected to the gimbal, and the photographing device 100 is connected to the gimbal, so that the photographing device 100 can perform multi-dimensional photography, detection, and the like through the gimbal.

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Abstract

一种拍摄装置(100)和移动平台(300)。拍摄装置(100)包括壳体(11)、镜头(13)、图像传感器(15)和第一驱动机构(17)。镜头(13)位于壳体(11)内。镜头(13)具有光轴L。图像传感器(15)位于壳体(11)内且设置在镜头(13)的像侧。第一驱动机构(17)安装在壳体(11)上并连接图像传感器(15)。第一驱动机构(17)用于驱动图像传感器(15)沿镜头(13)的光轴L来回移动,以使得拍摄装置(100)进行对焦。

Description

拍摄装置和移动平台 技术领域
本申请涉及成像技术领域,具体涉及一种拍摄装置和移动平台。
背景技术
长焦镜头具有较短的景深,需要较为频繁的调焦。然而,长焦镜头一般具有较大的体积和重量,如果另外增加用于对焦的结构,则会进一步增大镜头的体积和重量,或者会使得驱动结构复杂,导致整个镜头的移动可靠性下降。
发明内容
本申请实施方式提供一种拍摄装置和移动平台。
本申请实施方式提供的一种拍摄装置,包括:
壳体;
镜头,位于所述壳体内,所述镜头具有光轴;
图像传感器,位于所述壳体内且设置在所述镜头的像侧;
第一驱动机构,安装在所述壳体上并连接所述图像传感器,所述第一驱动机构用于驱动所述图像传感器沿所述镜头的光轴来回移动,以使得所述拍摄装置进行对焦。
上述拍摄装置中,通过驱动质量较小的图像传感器,可以有效的降低驱动机构的重量和复杂程度,也可以提升拍摄装置的可靠性。
本申请实施方式提供的一种移动平台,包括:
本体,和
上述实施方式所述的拍摄装置,所述拍摄装置安装在所述本体。
上述移动平台中,通过驱动质量较小的图像传感器,可以有效的降低驱动机构的重量和复杂程度,也可以提升拍摄装置的可靠性。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施方式的描述中将变得明显 和容易理解,其中:
图1是本申请实施方式的拍摄装置的结构示意图;
图2是本申请实施方式的拍摄装置的部分结构示意图;
图3是本申请实施方式的拍摄装置的部分结构示意图;
图4是本申请实施方式的拍摄装置的模块示意图;
图5是本申请实施方式的图像传感器到合焦位置的距离和图像的灰度值之间的对应关系;
图6是本申请实施方式的拍摄装置的另一模块示意图;
图7是本申请实施方式的测距组件对被拍物进行测距的场景示意图;
图8是本申请实施方式的移动平台的结构示意图。
主要附图元件说明:
拍摄装置100、被拍物200、移动平台300;
壳体11、镜头13、图像传感器15、第一驱动机构17、第一电机171、螺杆173;
导杆21、基板23、通孔25;
处理器31、测距组件33;
快门机构41、快门片43、第二驱动机构45;
本体301。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施方式,所述实施方式的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的,仅用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在申请的描述中,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个所述特征。在申请的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接。可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接。可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连, 可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下文的公开提供了许多不同的实施方式或例子用来实现本申请的不同结构。为了简化本申请的公开,下文中对特定例子的部件和设置进行描述。当然,它们仅仅为示例,并且目的不在于限制本申请。此外,本申请可以在不同例子中重复参考数字和/或参考字母,这种重复是为了简化和清楚的目的,其本身不指示所讨论各种实施方式和/或设置之间的关系。此外,本申请提供了的各种特定的工艺和材料的例子,但是本领域普通技术人员可以意识到其他工艺的应用和/或其他材料的使用。
请参考图1,本申请实施方式提供的一种拍摄装置100,包括壳体11、镜头13、图像传感器15和第一驱动机构17。镜头13位于壳体11内。镜头13具有光轴L。图像传感器15位于壳体11内且设置在镜头13的像侧。第一驱动机构17安装在壳体11上并连接图像传感器15。第一驱动机构17用于驱动图像传感器15沿镜头13的光轴L来回移动,以使得拍摄装置100进行对焦。
具体地,在本申请的实施方式中,通过第一驱动机构17驱动图像传感器15沿光轴L来回移动,从而使得图像传感器15最终停留在镜头13的合焦位置,实现对拍摄装置100的调焦。由于图像传感器15相对于整体镜头13具有更小的尺寸和重量,从而可有利于降低对焦机构的重量和结构复杂度,以及提高对拍摄装置100相机调焦的可靠性。
也就是说,上述拍摄装置100中,通过驱动质量较小的图像传感器15,可以有效的降低驱动机构的重量和复杂程度,也可以提升拍摄装置100的可靠性。
另外,在一个实施方式中,拍摄装置100可应用于红外成像系统,图像传感器15可包括红外探测器。具体地,在镜头13物侧有红外光穿过镜头13并到达像侧的情况下,图像传感器15可对像侧的红外光进行捕捉,并得到红外图像信息。
本申请实施方式以图像传感器15包括红外探测器的情况进行说明,可以理解,在其它的实施方式中,图像传感器15还可以包括可见光探测器、激光探测器等中的至少一个。具体地,在图像传感器15包括可见光探测器的实施方式中,图像传感器15可以得到可见光图像信息;在图像传感器15包括激光探测器的实施方式中,图像传感器15可以得到激光图像信息。也就是说,对于本领域的技术人员而言,可以实现与图像传感器15包括红外探测器的实施方式相同或类似的对拍摄装置100进行调焦的技术效果。
另外,在某些实施方式中,在图像传感器15包括红外探测器的情况下,红外探测器可包括短波探测器、中波探测器、长波探测器的其中一个。在这样的一个实施方式中,红外探 测器还可包括多波段探测器。多波段可以包括短波、中波、长波的至少两个。短波指的是频率为3MHz至30MHz的红外光。中波指的是频率为300kHz至3MHz的红外光。长波指的是频率为小于300kHz的红外光。
请参考图1,在某些实施方式中,拍摄装置100包括安装在壳体11的导杆21。导杆21的长度方向平行于光轴L方向。图像传感器15能够滑动地连接导杆21。
如此,可使得图像传感器15能够更为方便地沿光轴L方向进行移动。
具体地,在图示的实施方式中,导杆21沿光轴L方向延伸,使得导杆21自身的长度方向平行于光轴L方向,在图像传感器15被带动的情况下,会被导杆21限定地在导杆21表面进行滑动,从而可使得图像传感器15能够沿光轴L方向进行移动。
而且,在图像传感器15移动的过程中,还可提高图像传感器15在移动时的稳定性。
具体地,在某些实施方式中,导杆21的数量为至少两个。至少两个导杆21相互平行。可以理解,在壳体11上安装多个导杆21的情况下,会使得图像传感器15被多个导杆21共同限定活动范围,图像传感器15不容易在移动的过程中发生晃动,这样可增加图像传感器15在移动时的稳定性。
另外,在这样的一些实施方式中,导杆21可以是穿设地连接图像传感器15的非感应区。
具体地,请参考图2,在某些实施方式中,图像传感器15安装在方形的基板23上。基板23能够滑动地连接导杆21。至少两个导杆21布置在基板23的对角位置。
在图2所示的实施方式中,基板23开设有通孔25,导杆21穿设基板23的通孔25。导杆21的数量为两个,通孔25的数量为两个。两个通孔25沿基板23的对角线方向设置在基板23的两侧,从而使得两个导杆21对应地分别布置在基板23的对角处,从而可在保证图像传感器15移动时的可靠性的前提下,简化导杆21的结构。
另外,请参考图3,在图3所示的实施方式中,导杆21的数量为四个,通孔25的数量为四个。四个通孔25分别设置在基板23的四角,四个导杆21分别布置在基板23的四角位置,从而可进一步提升图像传感器15移动时的可靠性。
可以理解,在上述实施方式的基础上,对于本领域的技术人员而言,可根据具体情况来灵活调整导杆21的数量,如三个、五个及五个以上,并且使得所有导杆21沿各自的长度方向相互平行。具体实施方式的原理和上述实施方式的原理相同或类似,在此便不做过多赘述。
而且,在其它的实施方式中,基板23也可以是其它形状的,如圆形、三角形、环形等规则形状或不规则形状。具体地,在这些实施方式中,基板23呈圆形结构,光轴L穿过基板23的圆心。在导杆21的数量为两个的实施方式中,两个导杆21可以沿基板23的直径分 布并连接基板23;在导杆21的数量为三个的实施方式中,三个导杆21可以在基板23上相对于光轴L以依次间隔120°进行设置;在导杆21的数量为四个的实施方式中,四个导杆21可以在基板23上相对于光轴L以依次间隔90°进行设置。导杆21的数量为五个以上的实施方式可参照上述实施方式中导杆21在基板23上的布置规律,从而可实现相同或类似的技术效果。基板23的具体形状可根据具体情况(如实际的应用场景、拍摄装置100的内部构造)来确定。
当然,上述实施方式中基板23和导杆21的连接位置是以预定的规律进行确定的,在其它的实施方式中,导杆21在基板23上进行连接的位置还可以是随机的或不规律的,以能够实现与上述实施方式中相同或类似的技术效果为准,在此不再详细展开。
在一些实施方式中,第一驱动机构17对图像传感器15的驱动方式可以是螺杆驱动。
请参考图1,在某些实施方式中,图像传感器15安装在基板23上。第一驱动机构17包括第一电机171和螺杆173。螺杆173的长度方向平行于光轴L方向。螺杆173穿设并螺纹连接基板23。第一电机171连接螺杆173。第一电机171用于驱动螺杆173自转,以使得基板23带动图像传感器15沿光轴L来回移动。
如此,可实现第一驱动机构17驱动图像传感器15进行移动的效果。
具体地,在图1所示的实施方式中,在图像传感器15未处于镜头13的合焦位置的情况下,第一电机171可带动螺杆173沿自身的长度方向进行自转,使得与螺杆173螺纹连接的基板23会被带动地沿螺杆173的螺纹结构进行活动,进而使得图像传感器15能够沿光轴L方向进行来回移动。在一个实施方式中,在螺杆173进行顺时针转动的情况下,图像传感器15向靠近镜头13的方向移动,在螺杆173进行逆时针转动的情况下,图像传感器15向远离镜头13的方向移动。由于螺杆173的转动方向可以通过第一电机171进行改变,也就意味着能够对图像传感器15的移动方向进行改变,并且具有将转动运动转化为直线运动的效果。第一电机171可以为步进电机。镜头13的合焦位置可以为镜头13在完成合焦后的焦点在光轴L上的位置。
另外,在上述实施方式的基础上,请结合图2和图3,在拍摄装置100包括导杆21的情况下,可使得导杆21和螺杆173配合地在驱动图像传感器15进行移动的情况下又具有良好的导向性和可靠性。
在另一些实施方式中,第一驱动机构17也可以通过弹性拉伸的方式带动图像传感器15进行移动。
具体地,请对应参照图1,在某些实施方式中,第一驱动机构17包括第二电机(图未 示)和弹性件(图未示)。图像传感器15安装在基板23上。弹性件弹性连接基板23。第二电机连接弹性件。第二电机用于驱动弹性件沿光轴L方向进行弹性拉伸,以使得基板23带动图像传感器15沿光轴L来回移动。
可以理解,弹性件具有初始状态。在这样的一个实施方式中,在第二电机处于通电状态的情况下,可驱动弹性件沿光轴L方向进行伸缩,使得弹性件可以弹性地拉伸或压缩与其连接的基板23,从而带动基板23进行移动。在第二电机切换至断电状态的情况下,则弹性件会回复至初始状态。弹性件可以为弹簧、拉簧、扭簧。弹性件可以由橡胶及其它的弹性材料制成。第二电机可以为VCM(Voice Coil Motor,音圈电机)、USM(Ultrasonic Motor,超声波电动机),从而可在处于通电状态的情况下产生驱动弹性件进行伸缩的驱动力。
请参考图4,在某些实施方式中,拍摄装置100包括处理器31。处理器31用于采集图像传感器15输出的图像,并根据图像控制第一驱动机构17驱动图像传感器15移动。
如此,可通过图像检测的方式来确定图像传感器15是否处于具体的合焦位置。
具体地,对于拍摄装置100而言,可以通过判断图像的灰度值来确定图像传感器15是否位于镜头13的合焦位置。
在某些实施方式中,处理器31用于判断前后采集的两个图像的灰度值的差异,在后采集的图像灰度值大于在前采集的图像灰度值时,处理器31用于控制第一驱动机构17驱动图像传感器15沿原移动方向继续移动。在后采集的图像灰度小于在前采集的图像灰度值时,处理器31用于控制第一驱动机构17驱动图像传感器15沿原移动方向的反方向移动。
更具体地,在这样的一个实施方式中,图像传感器15在处于合焦位置的情况下,所采集到的图像具有最大的灰度值。请结合图5,图像传感器15沿光轴L方向的初始位置对应A点,图像传感器15在沿光轴L方向移动至对应B点的位置的情况下,可确定B点所对应的灰度值大于A点所对应的灰度值,从而可保持当前移动方向继续移动。图像传感器15在沿光轴L方向移动至对应C点的位置的情况下,可确定C点所对应的灰度值大于B点所对应的灰度值,直至移动至对应D点的位置,并可确定D点所对应的灰度值小于C点所对应的灰度值,从而会沿反向进行移动,并会在经过对应E点的位置的情况下继续移动;依次类推,直至图像传感器15最终移动至合焦位置(即图5所示的0点)。在一个实施方式中,第一驱动机构17包括步进电机,从而可通过调整对图像传感器15进行驱动的步长来使得图像传感器15移动至合焦位置。
请参考图6,在某些实施方式中,拍摄装置100包括处理器31和测距组件33。测距组件33用于确定被拍物200与拍摄装置100的距离,处理器31用于根据距离控制第一驱动机 构17驱动图像传感器15移动。
具体地,请结合图7,在这样的一些实施方式中,在拍摄装置100对被拍物200进行拍摄时,测距组件33可对被拍物200和拍摄装置100之间的距离进行测定,使得处理器31根据被拍物200和拍摄装置100之间的距离来确定镜头13的合焦位置。在确定图像传感器15的当前位置的情况下,可向第一驱动机构17传输图像传感器15的当前位置和镜头13的合焦位置的位置信息,从而使得第一驱动机构17根据间距信息驱动图像传感器15沿光轴L方向进行移动。位置信息可以包括图像传感器15相对于镜头13的合焦位置的移动方向和移动距离。在处理器31确定图像传感器15的当前位置和镜头13的合焦位置一致的情况下,可控制第一驱动机构17停止对图像传感器15的驱动。
在某些实施方式中,测距组件33包括激光组件、超声波组件和红外组件的至少一个。具体地,在一个实施方式中,测距组件33包括激光组件,测距组件33可以采取发射和接收激光的方式,通过检测在发射激光和接收激光之间的时间差来确定被拍物200和拍摄装置100之间的距离。在另一个实施方式中,测距组件33包括超声波组件,测距组件33可以采取发射和接收超声波的方式,通过检测在发射超声波和接收超声波之间的时间差来确定被拍物200和拍摄装置100之间的距离。在另一个实施方式中,测距组件33包括红外组件,测距组件33可以采取发射和接收红外光的方式,通过检测在发射红外光和接收红外光之间的时间差来确定被拍物200和拍摄装置100之间的距离。在其它的实施方式中,测距组件33可以包括激光组件、超声波组件和红外组件的至少两个,从而可使得测距组件33能够根据实际情况来选择不同的测距方式。在另外的实施方式中,测距组件33可以在环境光强较低的情况下选择通过红外光进行测距,以及在环境光强较强的情况下选择通过激光进行测距。在此不做具体限定。
请参考图1,在某些实施方式中,拍摄装置100包括快门机构41。快门机构41包括快门片43。快门片43的数量为至少一个。快门片43设置在镜头13与图像传感器15之间。
如此,可方便控制图像的曝光。
具体地,在图1所示的实施方式中,快门片43的数量为一个。当然,可以理解,对于本领域的技术人员而言,在上述实施方式的基础上,可以将快门片43沿光轴L方向设置在镜头13的物侧,从而使得快门片43相对于图像传感器15位于镜头13的另一侧。而且,在一些实施方式中,镜头13可以是由多个镜片组合而成的,快门片43设置在其中两个镜片之间的位置,从而使得快门片43被设置在镜头13中。
另外,在其他的实施方式中,快门片43的数量还可以为两个及多于两个以上。在一个 实施方式中,快门片43的数量为两个,两个快门片43可以沿光轴L的垂直方向以相反的朝向进行来回移动,从而可实现快门机构41的开合。在另一个实施方式中,快门片43的数量为三个,三个快门片43可以沿光轴L的垂直方向以围绕光轴L依次间隔120°进行来回移动。在又一个实施方式中,快门片43的数量为四个,三个快门片43可以沿光轴L的垂直方向以围绕光轴L依次间隔90°进行来回移动。以能够实现控制快门片43对图像进行曝光为前提,在此不详细展开。
请参考图1,在某些实施方式中,快门机构41包括第二驱动机构45。第二驱动机构45连接快门片43。
如此,可使得第二驱动机构45驱动快门片43来实现对图像的可控曝光。
具体地,在图1所示的实施方式中,第二驱动机构45安装在壳体11的外侧,并连接快门片43,从而可使得第二驱动机构45驱动快门片43沿垂直光轴L的方向进行开合。
需要指出的是,在其它的实施方式中,第二驱动机构45可以为环状结构。
具体地,在这样的一个实施方式中,第二驱动机构45沿自身的环状结构具有圆心,第二驱动机构45以环状结构围绕光轴L设置,且环状结构的圆心位于光轴L上,圆心所对应的环形所在的平面垂直于光轴L。在驱动快门片43进行开合的情况下,可使得第二驱动机构45对快门片43施加均匀的驱动力,使得快门片43能够均匀开合。在快门片43的数量为多个的情况下,可使得每个快门片43受到的驱动力大小是相同的。也就是说,在上述的实施方式中,可以避免快门片43在进行开合时由于受力不均而导致损坏,从而能够实现对图像的可控曝光。
请参考图8,本申请实施方式提供的一种移动平台300,包括本体301和上述任一实施方式的拍摄装置100。拍摄装置100安装在本体301。
上述移动平台300中,通过驱动质量较小的图像传感器15,可以有效的降低驱动机构的重量和复杂程度,也可以提升拍摄装置100的可靠性。
具体地,在本申请的实施方式中,移动平台300包括但不限于无人机、机器人、无人车、无人船、载人飞行器、探测设备等。在移动平台300包括无人机的实施方式中,本体301可以是无人机的机身,拍摄装置100可安装无人机的机身,可相对于机身进行朝向的调整,从而可在无人机上进行不同角度的拍摄。无人机还可以包括云台,在一个实施方式中,本体301连接云台,拍摄装置100连接云台,从而可通过云台来实现拍摄装置100进行多维度的拍摄、探测等。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“某些实施方式”、“一个实施方式”、“一些实施方 式”、“示意性实施方式”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合所述实施方式或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施方式或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施方式或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施方式或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本申请的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置包括:
    壳体;
    镜头,位于所述壳体内,所述镜头具有光轴;
    图像传感器,位于所述壳体内且设置在所述镜头的像侧;
    第一驱动机构,安装在所述壳体上并连接所述图像传感器,所述第一驱动机构用于驱动所述图像传感器沿所述镜头的光轴来回移动,以使得所述拍摄装置进行对焦。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置包括安装在所述壳体的导杆,所述导杆的长度方向平行于所述光轴方向,所述图像传感器能够滑动地连接所述导杆。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述导杆的数量为至少两个,所述至少两个导杆相互平行。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述图像传感器安装在方形的基板上,所述基板能够滑动地连接所述导杆,所述至少两个导杆布置在所述基板的对角位置,或布置在所述基板的四角位置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述图像传感器安装在基板上,所述第一驱动机构包括第一电机和螺杆,所述螺杆的长度方向平行于所述光轴方向,所述螺杆穿设并螺纹连接所述基板,所述第一电机连接所述螺杆,
    所述第一电机用于驱动所述螺杆自转,以使得所述基板带动所述图像传感器沿所述光轴来回移动。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述图像传感器安装在基板上,所述第一驱动机构包括第二电机和弹性件,所述弹性件弹性连接所述基板,所述第二电机连接所述弹性件,
    所述第二电机用于驱动所述弹性件沿所述光轴方向进行弹性拉伸,以使得所述基板带动所述图像传感器沿所述光轴来回移动。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置包括处理器,所述处理器用于采集所述图像传感器输出的图像,并根据所述图像控制所述第一驱动机构驱动所述图像传感器移动。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述处理器用于判断前后采集的两个图像的灰度值的差异,在后采集的图像灰度值大于在前采集的图像灰度值时,所述处理器 用于控制所述第一驱动机构驱动所述图像传感器沿原移动方向继续移动,在后采集的图像灰度值小于在前采集的图像灰度值时,所述处理器用于控制所述第一驱动机构驱动所述图像传感器沿原移动方向的反方向移动。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置包括处理器和测距组件,所述测距组件用于确定被拍物与所述拍摄装置的距离,所述处理器用于根据所述距离控制所述第一驱动机构驱动所述图像传感器移动。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述测距组件包括激光组件、超声波组件和红外组件的至少一个。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述拍摄装置包括快门机构,所述快门机构包括快门片,所述快门片的数量为至少一个,所述快门片设置在所述镜头的物侧,或设置在所述镜头与所述图像传感器之间,或设置在所述镜头中。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述快门机构包括第二驱动机构,所述第二驱动机构连接所述快门片,
    所述第二驱动机构安装在所述壳体的外侧,或
    所述第二驱动机构以环状结构围绕所述光轴设置。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述图像传感器包括红外探测器。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的拍摄装置,其特征在于,所述红外探测器包括短波探测器、中波探测器、长波探测器和多波段探测器中的其中一个。
  15. 一种移动平台,其特征在于,所述移动平台包括:
    本体,和
    权利要求1-14任一项所述的拍摄装置,所述拍摄装置安装在所述本体。
PCT/CN2021/086454 2021-04-12 2021-04-12 拍摄装置和移动平台 WO2022217404A1 (zh)

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CN1862358A (zh) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-15 北京华旗数码技术实验室有限责任公司 一种自动调焦装置
JP2006350353A (ja) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-28 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 携帯端末のカメラレンズアセンブリ
WO2015174603A1 (en) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Autofocus driving unit and photographing apparatus having the same
CN206060928U (zh) * 2016-07-28 2017-03-29 厦门力鼎光电技术有限公司 一种图像传感器可移位的摄像机
CN111343383A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-26 甘肃省科学院 一种基于镜头对焦音频分析的自动矩阵拍摄系统
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CN1862358A (zh) * 2005-05-11 2006-11-15 北京华旗数码技术实验室有限责任公司 一种自动调焦装置
JP2006350353A (ja) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-28 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 携帯端末のカメラレンズアセンブリ
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