WO2022217264A1 - Refroidissement de batterie de véhicule électrique au moyen d'extrusions - Google Patents

Refroidissement de batterie de véhicule électrique au moyen d'extrusions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022217264A1
WO2022217264A1 PCT/US2022/071612 US2022071612W WO2022217264A1 WO 2022217264 A1 WO2022217264 A1 WO 2022217264A1 US 2022071612 W US2022071612 W US 2022071612W WO 2022217264 A1 WO2022217264 A1 WO 2022217264A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric vehicle
temperature regulation
rigid plate
cooling block
battery cooling
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/071612
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Allen
Original Assignee
Polestar Automotive Usa Inc.
Polestar Performance Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polestar Automotive Usa Inc., Polestar Performance Ab filed Critical Polestar Automotive Usa Inc.
Publication of WO2022217264A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022217264A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to the coolant batteries electric vehicles, and more particularly to devices, systems and methods of coolant batteries through the use of one or more extruded planks defining a conduit through which a coolant can pass.
  • Electric vehicles are becoming increasingly popular as consumers look to decrease their environmental impact and improve air quality. Instead of a traditional internal combustion engine (ICE), electric vehicles include one or more motors, powered by a rechargeable battery pack.
  • a common battery pack is made up of one or more battery modules, each module containing a plurality of battery cells, which act as galvanic cells when being discharged by converting chemical energy to electrical energy, and electrolytic cells when being recharged by converting electrical energy to chemical energy.
  • these battery cells can generate heat in use during discharge and recharge. In rare circumstances, where the heat becomes excessive, the battery can ignite and bum, which can result in damage to the vehicle or even potential harm the occupants.
  • heat exchangers are often incorporated into the vehicle structure. Some heat exchangers use the frame of the battery pack to cool the battery cells, such as that as seen in US9496589B2. Other heat exchangers use heating or cooling tubes located between the battery cells, such as that seen in US9113577B2. Yet other heat exchangers include cooling plates sandwiched between the battery pack and platform to which it is mounted, such as that depicted in FIG. 1. Although cooling plates such as that depicted in FIG. 1 are generally effective in providing cooling for the battery, such cooling plates and unwanted mass and bulk to the body of the vehicle. The present disclosure addresses this concern. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a vehicle battery cooling device, and system and method including one or more battery cooling blocks onto which one or more battery modules can be mounted, the battery cooling blocks including a plurality of extrusions thereby defining conduits through which a temperature regulation fluid can flow, to provide a more compact, lighter weight solution in which battery temperature regulation can be accomplished without the unwanted mass and bulk normally associated with conventional cooling plates.
  • the battery cooling blocks can include one or more flow diverters within individual extrusions configured to guide the temperature regulation fluid through a serpentine pattern or other patterns to adjust the residence time of the temperature regulation fluid in proximity to the one or more battery modules.
  • the flow diverters can be adjusted to increase or decrease the residence time of the temperature regulation fluid, thereby enabling thermal regulation adjustment.
  • the extrusions are in fluid communication with each other, thereby defining a serpentine pattern or other patterns to adjust the residence time of the temperature regulation fluid in proximity to the one or more battery modules.
  • the battery cooling block includes a combination of flow diverters within each extrusion and along the extrusions.
  • an electric vehicle battery cooling block including a rigid plate including a plurality of walls defining one or more temperature regulation fluid conduits in a serpentine pattern, the rigid plate configured to structurally support a rechargeable battery assembly for an electric vehicle, as well as to act as one or more structural members of the electric vehicle.
  • a first surface of the rigid plate is configured to contact the rechargeable battery assembly and a second surface of the rigid plate is configured to serve as an exterior of the electric vehicle.
  • the rigid plate is at least partially constructed of an extruded material.
  • the rigid plate is at least partially constructed of aluminum alloy.
  • the plurality of walls traverse across a y-axis of the electric vehicle. In one embodiment, the plurality of walls traverse across an x-axis of the electric vehicle.
  • the rigid plate further includes one or more flow diverters configured to optimize a residence time of a temperature regulation fluid flowing through the one or more temperature regulation fluid conduits.
  • the rigid plate further includes at least one temperature regulation fluid conduit inlet and at least one temperature regulation fluid conduit outlet.
  • the at least one temperature regulation fluid conduit inlet and at least one temperature regulation fluid conduit outlet are positioned on opposite ends of the rigid plate.
  • the at least one temperature regulation fluid conduit inlet and at least one temperature regulation fluid conduit outlet are positioned on at a first end of the rigid plate.
  • an electric vehicle including a rechargeable battery assembly, and a rigid plate including a plurality of walls defining one or more temperature regulation fluid conduits in a serpentine pattern, the rigid plate configured to structurally support the rechargeable battery assembly for an electric vehicle, as well as to act as one or more structural members of the electric vehicle.
  • a first surface of the rigid plate is configured to contact the rechargeable battery assembly and a second surface of the rigid plate is configured to serve as an exterior of the electric vehicle.
  • the rigid plate is at least partially constructed of an extruded material.
  • the rigid plate is at least partially constructed of aluminum alloy.
  • the rigid plate further includes one or more flow diverters configured to optimize a residence time of a temperature regulation fluid flowing through the one or more temperature regulation fluid conduits.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view depicting a vehicle battery pack cooled via a pair of conventional cooling plates, in accordance with the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view depicting a pair of battery modules cooled via temperature regulation fluid running through the conduit defined in an extruded battery cooling blocks, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an extruded battery cooling block having one or more cooling channels, wherein the one or more cooling channels are longitudinally oriented with respect to one or more battery modules positioned atop of the extruded battery cooling block, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having one or more cooling channels, wherein the one or more cooling channels are longitudinally oriented with respect to one or more battery modules positioned atop of the extruded battery cooling block, in accordance with a second embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a serpentine coolant channel, in accordance with a third embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a serpentine coolant channel, in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a serpentine coolant channel, in which the coolant inlet and coolant outlet are positioned on the same edge of the extruded battery cooling block, in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a serpentine coolant channel, in which the coolant channels are laterally oriented with respect to one or more batteries positioned atop of the extruded battery cooling block in accordance with a sixth embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a serpentine coolant channel, in which the coolant channels are laterally oriented with respect to one or more batteries positioned atop of the battery cooling block, and the coolant inlet and coolant outlet are positioned on the same edge of the battery cooling block, in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a extruded battery cooling block having a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and a serpentine coolant channel, in which the coolant channels are both longitudinally and laterally oriented with respect to one or more batteries positioned atop of the battery cooling block, and the coolant inlet and coolant outlet are positioned on the same edge of the battery cooling block, in accordance with a seventh embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view depicting a motor vehicle including an extruded battery cooling block on which a plurality of battery modules are mounted, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view of a conventional cooling plate 50 sandwiched between a pair of battery modules 52A/B and a vehicle frame 54 (or other platform to which the cooling plate is mounted) is depicted in accordance with the prior art.
  • the conventional cooling plate 50 has been found to be generally effective in providing temperature regulation to the battery modules 52A/B, the cooling plate 50 adds a significant amount of unwanted mass and bulk to the vehicle, which negatively affects performance (e.g., hinders 0-60 mph acceleration time and 60-0 mph braking distance), as well as decreasing the effective range of the vehicle.
  • the extruded temperature cooling block 100 can be a rigid structure sufficient to provide support to the plurality of battery modules 102A/B, and in some cases can serve as a portion of the vehicle frame and/or skin of the vehicle.
  • the extruded temperature cooling block 100 can serve as both a rechargeable battery assembly tray and underside of the vehicle.
  • cooling block 100 can be constructed of an aluminum alloy material, although the use of other materials for the construction, such as galvanized stainless steel or reinforced or composite polymers, of the extruded battery cooling block is also contemplated.
  • the extruded battery cooling block 100 can include a plurality of cooling channels 104 can be generally longitudinally oriented with respect to one or more battery modules 102 positioned atop of the extruded battery cooling block 100.
  • the plurality of cooling channels 104 can be oriented to traverse laterally across the width (e.g., along the y-axis) of a motor vehicle.
  • the plurality of cooling channels 104 can be laterally oriented with respect to the one or more battery modules 102, for example to traverse longitudinally along a length (e.g., along the x-axis) of a motor vehicle. Other orientations that the cooling channels 104 are also contemplated.
  • a temperature regulation fluid F can be introduced in each of channels 104 at a first same end 105, and outputted from channels 104 at a second same end 107.
  • the fluid can be provided from a single source in which it is simultaneously introduced in each of channels 104, or can be independently introduced from separate sources in each of channels 104.
  • the output can be collected from channels 104 as a single stream, or can be independently collected.
  • flow can be directed into some of channels 104 at first end 105, while into some of other channels 104 at a second end 107, such as in an alternating pattern as shown, or in any combination as contemplated by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • fluid flow can be reversed as desired.
  • the extruded battery cooling block 100 can define one or more flow diverters 106A-D configured to route the temperature regulation fluid along a serpentine pattern 108.
  • extended battery cooling block 100 can include a plurality of walls 110 defining the cooling channels 104, wherein portions of the walls 110 are removed to define one or more flow diverters 106A-D.
  • the plurality of walls 110 can provide structural support to the extruded battery cooling block 100 sufficient to both support the weight of the rechargeable battery assembly, as well as to act as one or more structural/frame members of the motor vehicle.
  • the serpentine pattern 108 and/or flow diverters 106 can be configured to optimize a residence time of temperature regulation fluid flowing through the extruded battery cooling block 100.
  • a first end 112 and a second end 114 of the extruded battery cooling block can be respectively sealed with first wall 116 and a second wall 118, thereby defining a serpentine pattern 108 within the extruded battery cooling block 100.
  • the one or more cooling channels 104 of an extruded battery: block 100 can be at least partially sealed by first wall 116 and second wall 118 (e.g., by welding or otherwise affixing first wall 116 and second wall 118 to the extruded element 100).
  • portions of the extruded element can be machined to remove material, thereby defining a serpentine pattern 108 within the extruded battery cooling block 100.
  • An inlet 120 and an outlet 122 can be defined within the walls 116, 118 of the extruded battery cooling block 100.
  • the respective inlet 120 and outlet 122 can be positioned on opposing ends 112, 114 of the extruded battery cooling block 100.
  • the inlet 120 and outlet 122 can be located on the same end (e.g., first end 112).
  • one or more sidewalls 110 are formed within individual extrusions 101 to define one or more flow diverters 106A-106C such that flow is diverted into a serpentine path 108 within extrusion 101 itself.
  • Sidewalls 110 can extend an entirety of the height of extrusion 101, or only a portion thereof thereby forming baffles.
  • the respective inlet 120 and outlet 122 can be positioned on opposing ends 112, 114 of extrusion 101.
  • inlet 120 and outlet 122 can be located on the same end (e.g., first end 112).
  • sidewalls 110 can traverse along a width (e.g., along the y-axis) of the vehicle, while in other embodiments (not shown), sidewalls 110 can extend a length (e.g., along the x-axis) of the vehicle.
  • the sidewalls can be both laterally and longitudinally oriented with respect to one or more battery modules positioned atop of the battery cooling block. For example, with reference to FIG.
  • a cross- sectional view of an extrusion 101 having a coolant inlet 120, a coolant outlet 122, and a serpentine coolant channel 108 includes sidewalls 110 that are both longitudinally and laterally oriented with respect to one or more batteries positioned atop of the battery cooling block, and the coolant inlet and coolant outlet are positioned on the same edge of the battery cooling block, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. It is also contemplated that the plurality of extrusions can be configured in a similar arrangement, rather than or in addition to sidewalls within individual extrusions.
  • fluid F can be any of a variety of temperature regulating fluids such as, for example, water, saline, cryogenic fluid, air, organic solvents such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, electrolytic solutions, or combinations thereof. Fluid F can be room temperature or pre-cooled. In other embodiments, in which it is desired to warm the battery before use in cold climates, fluid F can be warmed before flowing through the extrusions.
  • a motor vehicle 130 including an extruded battery cooling block on which a plurality of battery modules 102 are mounted is depicted in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the extruded temperature cooling block 100 can be a rigid structure sufficient to both provide support to the plurality of battery modules 102, and can serve as a portion of the vehicle frame and/or skin of the vehicle.
  • cooling plates may be added to the battery cooling block if additional cooling is required or desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif, un système et un procédé de refroidissement de batterie de véhicule, comprenant un ou plusieurs blocs de refroidissement de batterie extrudés sur lesquels un ou plusieurs modules de batterie peuvent être montés, les blocs de refroidissement de batterie extrudés définissant chacun un conduit ou une pluralité de conduits à travers lesquels un fluide de régulation de température peut circuler, ce qui permet d'obtenir une solution de régulation de température compacte et légère sans la masse et le volume indésirables associés à des mécanismes de refroidissement classiques.
PCT/US2022/071612 2021-04-09 2022-04-08 Refroidissement de batterie de véhicule électrique au moyen d'extrusions WO2022217264A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202163201053P 2021-04-09 2021-04-09
US63/201,053 2021-04-09

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WO2022217264A1 true WO2022217264A1 (fr) 2022-10-13

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110297470A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2011-12-08 Yoav Heichal Electric Vehicle Battery System
US20120244392A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Enerdel, Inc. Battery pack support with thermal control
US20170077565A1 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cold plate assembly for electrified vehicle battery packs
US20180145381A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-05-24 Faraday&Future Inc. Vehicle cooling system using gravity based fluid flow
US20210094441A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2021-04-01 Faraday&Future Inc. Electric vehicle battery management

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110297470A1 (en) * 2008-09-19 2011-12-08 Yoav Heichal Electric Vehicle Battery System
US20120244392A1 (en) * 2011-03-22 2012-09-27 Enerdel, Inc. Battery pack support with thermal control
US20170077565A1 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-16 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Cold plate assembly for electrified vehicle battery packs
US20210094441A1 (en) * 2016-04-01 2021-04-01 Faraday&Future Inc. Electric vehicle battery management
US20180145381A1 (en) * 2016-06-30 2018-05-24 Faraday&Future Inc. Vehicle cooling system using gravity based fluid flow

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