WO2022214399A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive d'une pièce métallique - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication additive d'une pièce métallique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022214399A1 WO2022214399A1 PCT/EP2022/058750 EP2022058750W WO2022214399A1 WO 2022214399 A1 WO2022214399 A1 WO 2022214399A1 EP 2022058750 W EP2022058750 W EP 2022058750W WO 2022214399 A1 WO2022214399 A1 WO 2022214399A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- substrate
- deposited
- cooler
- layers
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003351 stiffener Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/50—Treatment of workpieces or articles during build-up, e.g. treatments applied to fused layers during build-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/003—Cooling means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/70—Gas flow means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/005—Article surface comprising protrusions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the additive manufacturing of a metal part.
- the invention relates to a process for the additive manufacturing of a metal part on a metal substrate, in particular a very long substrate.
- the invention also relates to an additive manufacturing installation for implementing the process as well as a metal part obtained by such a process.
- the metals used are in fact, for example, titanium alloys which are very reactive to oxygen, when they are in the liquid state or in the solid state at a temperature above 200°C, or even nickel-based superalloys reactive to oxygen in the liquid state mainly. It is therefore necessary to carry out metal additive manufacturing away from oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen.
- vacuum enclosures or inerting enclosures or bells or a glove box that is to say a bell with rubber sleeves for handling or a strap that is i.e. an inert gas diffuser.
- the large enclosures considerably increase the costs and constraints of additive manufacturing.
- the aim of the invention is thus to propose a process for the additive manufacturing of a metal part which makes it possible to control the temperature fields, to reduce the constraints, the costs and the time necessary for the additive manufacturing of the part, in particular if that -this is of great length.
- the invention achieves this in whole or in part by means of a process for the additive manufacturing of a metal part on a substrate, by adding at least one molten metal, layer by layer, the process comprising the following steps: a) Step a: depositing the molten metal layer by layer, b) Step b: simultaneously with step a), cooling, using a movable cooler relative to the substrate, a cooling zone located at least around the last deposited layer (n-1) before the layer ( n) being deposited, preferably at least around the layers ranging from the deposited layer (n-5) to the last deposited layer ⁇ n-1) before the layer (“) being deposited.
- thermoelectric cooler which can move relative to the substrate at least around the layer deposited before the layer being deposited and possibly from the layer or layers previously deposited up to the fifth layer previously deposited. , for example, and optionally of the layer being deposited. This makes it possible to control the temperature of this or these layers, in particular to dissipate the heat to avoid overheating.
- layer being deposited is meant the layer whose deposition lasts from the beginning to the end of the deposition of the layer and it is considered that there is no transition period between two deposited layers, but that there is continuity. Thus, there is always a layer being deposited and a final layer deposited (starting from the second layer being deposited), regardless of whether or not the method is continuously implemented.
- the cooling according to step b) can begin as soon as the second layer is deposited.
- the method may nevertheless include a step consisting in cooling the first layer deposited when it is unique and in the process of being deposited.
- the cooling zone preferably comprises at least one peripheral zone of the last layer deposited n-1 before the layer being deposited n, transversely thereto, as well as a peripheral zone of at least one part, for example between 1 and 5 layers, over a height of approximately between 2 and 10 mm, of the n-1 layers deposited before the layer being deposited n, and/or a zone located above a peripheral zone of the last layer deposited n-1 over a height comprised between 0 and 10 mm approximately, n being in particular comprised between 1 and 5.
- cooler relative to the substrate
- the cooler is mobile, in particular moves in one direction, for example upwards, and the substrate remains fixed; or the cooler remains fixed and the substrate is mobile, in particular moves in one direction, for example downwards; or alternatively the cooler and the substrate are both mobile, one moving in one direction, eg up and the other moving in the opposite direction, eg down.
- the cooler can be moved using an automaton or a robot and/or be integral with the welding equipment to move relative to the substrate. .
- the cooler is preferably fixed relative to the last layer deposited before the layer being deposited and/or relative to the layer being deposited. It can also be indicated that the cooler can be movable in a synchronized manner with the last layer deposited before the layer being deposited and/or with the layer being deposited.
- the chiller can be monobloc.
- the cooler may have a shape that can at least partially match the shape of the layer being deposited, at a distance from the latter.
- the cooler may comprise a plurality of walls, in particular plates, in particular between two and eight, which may be independent, connected to each other or not, and preferably integral in movement.
- the cooler comprises a plurality of plates, it can be referred to as being multi-plate.
- a plate can have dimensions, for example of 50mm*10mm*5mm approximately. Whether the cooler is monobloc or multi-plate, in particular when the cooler is multi-plate, the distance of the cooler can be adjusted vis-à-vis the metallic material of the layers concerned to have the desired temperature for the, in particular each, layer. (s).
- the cooler may include one or more walls formed by copper plates incorporating circuits cooled by a cooling liquid, in particular water or heat transfer fluid.
- the wall(s) of the cooler can be formed by the circuits themselves arranged in a serpentine pattern.
- the cooler advantageously belongs to a power-controlled cooling system also comprising a control system.
- the chiller coolant temperature when present, is advantageously controlled by the cooling system control system.
- the welding power can vary from 500 W to 50 kW depending on the installation. It will be sought to dissipate between 20% and 90% of the energy, which corresponds to approximately an energy to be evacuated, for example comprised between approximately 3kW and 50kW.
- the temperature of the substrate upstream and at the level of the layers ranging, for example, to a distance of between 1 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 15 mm, preferably equal to approximately 10 mm upstream of the layer being deposited n up to the n-5 layer is advantageously controlled by the cooling system.
- the temperature of the substrate, in particular in the zone around the last layer deposited before the layer being deposited and/or the layer being deposited can be controlled to be between ambient temperature and 600°C. It should be noted that the thermal front effectively precedes layer n by a distance of between 1 mm and 50 mm, in particular between 5 mm and 15 mm, preferably equal to approximately 10 mm.
- Step a) can be implemented in such a way that the layers are deposited according to a plane that is not parallel to the substrate.
- the plane of the layers deposited in step a) then preferably forms an angle substantially orthogonal with respect to the substrate.
- the first layer is preferably deposited on a secondary substrate fixed to the substrate, in particular close to one end of the latter and extending in a plane substantially parallel to the plane of the layers which will be deposited and preferably orthogonal to the substrate.
- Each layer advantageously comprises one end, that is to say a layer edge, welded to the substrate at the time of its deposition.
- the cooler can be movable along an axis parallel to the substrate relative to the latter, in particular parallel to a longitudinal axis of the substrate.
- the substrate may have support points for the relative movement of the cooler.
- the substrate can itself form a fixed wall closing the cooling zone on one side.
- the method may comprise the step consisting in injecting, using a diffuser, an inert gas into an inerting cell including the cooling zone during all or part of the implementation of steps a) and b) .
- the inert gas can be injected at least into the cooling zone.
- the gas can be diffused from an area below the cooling zone, upwards.
- the area for inerting can be reduced, while making it possible to avoid oxidation of the deposited metal.
- the inerting cell can include and surround the cooling zone and at least partially the substrate.
- the inerting cell can be deployed as the process is implemented.
- the inerting cell may comprise at least one partition, in particular a movable partition relative to the substrate and/or sliding and/or bellows.
- the inerting cell comprises a movable partition relative to the substrate
- the latter and/or the substrate can move, throughout the manufacturing process, so that the upper end of the partition remains at a predetermined, substantially fixed distance from the layer being deposited.
- the inerting cell has at least one sliding partition
- the latter can be mounted on rails and slide around the part being manufactured for the duration of the process.
- the inerting cell can also include several sliding partitions, which slide one by one, relative to the others, to unfold around the part as the process is implemented.
- a single partition can be deployed at the start, then, as the process progresses, a second partition is deployed to participate in delimiting the inerting cell, while maintaining a predetermined distance, substantially fixed, between the upper end of the inerting cell and the last layer deposited, etc. until the last layer of the part is deposited.
- the bellows When the inerting cell has a partition with bellows, the bellows is, at the start of the process, little or not deployed. Then, as the method is implemented, the bellows partition is deployed, in particular upwards, until it reaches a fully deployed state at the end of the production of the part, in particular while maintaining a predetermined substantially fixed distance between the upper end of the bellows partition and the last deposited layer.
- the predetermined substantially fixed distance between the upper end of the inerting cell and the last layer deposited may for example be between 10 and 50 cm.
- the inert gas can be cooled to a temperature below ambient temperature using a refrigeration unit or by expansion.
- the temperature of the inert gas can be at least 100°C lower than the temperature of the cooling zone.
- the flow of inert gas can be greater than or equal to 1 m 3 /h.
- the gas can be projected on the cooling zone with a speed of at least 0.001 m/s.
- the inert gas is preferably chosen from the group consisting of argon, helium and nitrogen.
- Argon is about 40% denser than air.
- the diffuser is, for example, a refractory metal or ceramic sinter and makes it possible to create a gaseous zone free of air and compatible with a welding activity of titanium, its alloys and nickel alloys.
- One or more flexible curtains can extend, for example, to one or more centimeters or even meters around all or part of the inerting cell.
- a relatively small zone is delimited around the part where both the temperature and the gas present are controlled.
- the metal is for example chosen from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloys, nickel-based superalloys and steels.
- the metal can be brought before melting in the form of powder, wire, strip, bar, or any other form.
- a welding torch is used to deposit the molten metal in step a).
- the technique can still implement an electron beam, a laser, plasma or arc.
- the part is formed by depositing layers on a first side of the substrate and by depositing layers on a second side of the substrate, in particular opposite the first side.
- the deposition of layers on the first side can be carried out simultaneously with the deposition of layers on the second side.
- the deposition of layers on the first side is for example carried out symmetrically to the deposition of layers on the second side.
- Another subject of the invention is an additive manufacturing installation for the manufacture of a metal part on a substrate, by adding at least one molten metal, in particular for the implementation of the method as defined above, the installation comprising at least one system for supplying and depositing a metal in layer-by-layer melting and a cooling system comprising a movable cooler relative to the substrate delimiting a cooling zone and configured to cool at least the cooling zone located at least around the last layer deposited before the layer being deposited and possibly around the layer being deposited.
- the cooler can be movable along an axis parallel to the substrate, relative to the latter.
- the installation may include an inert gas diffuser capable of diffusing an inerting gas into an inerting cell comprising at least the cooling zone.
- the cooling system may comprise a control system able to control the temperature in the zone delimited by the cooler, the control system being for example able to control the mobility along one or more axes of the cooler, in particular of the walls of the cooler and/or or coolant temperature.
- Another subject of the invention is a metal part obtained using the method as defined above, produced layer by layer on the substrate, each layer s extending in a plane substantially orthogonal to the substrate.
- FIG 1 Figure 1 schematically shows in perspective an example of an installation for the implementation of an additive manufacturing process for a metal part according to the prior art
- Figure 2 shows, schematically, partially and in perspective, an example of an installation according to the invention, for the implementation of an example of an additive manufacturing process, according to the invention, of a metallic part on a substrate, at the beginning of this one,
- FIG 3 Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, after deposition of a number of layers
- Figure 4 is a view similar to Figures 2 and 3 towards the end of the implementation of the method
- Figure 5 is an isolated, schematic and perspective view of an example of a one-piece cooler that can be used during the method according to the invention
- FIG 6 figure 6 represents schematically, partially and in perspective, an installation according to the invention showing another example of positioning of the cooler during the implementation of the method according to the invention
- FIG 7 Figure 7 schematically shows in perspective another example of implementation of the additive manufacturing process according to the invention.
- FIG 8 Figure 8 schematically shows in perspective another example of implementation of the additive manufacturing process according to the invention.
- FIG 9 Figure 9 schematically shows in perspective another example of implementation of the additive manufacturing process according to the invention.
- Figure 10 shows in longitudinal sectional view, schematic and partial, an example of installation for the implementation of the method according to the invention
- FIG 11 is a view similar to figure 10 of the same installation after deposition of a certain number of layers
- Figure 12 illustrates in isolation and schematically in sectional view an example of a bellows partition that can be used during the implementation of the method according to the invention
- FIG 13 figure 13 schematically shows in top view an example of a part that can be obtained using the method of the invention
- Figure 14 shows in cross section along XIV, schematically, the part of Figure 13, surrounded by the cooler,
- Figure 15 schematically shows in cross section another example of a part that can be manufactured with the method according to the invention
- Figure 16 schematically shows in cross section another example of a part that can be manufactured with the method according to the invention
- Figure 17 schematically shows in cross section another example of a part that can be manufactured with the method according to the invention
- FIG 18 Figure 18 schematically shows in cross section another example of a part that can be manufactured with the method according to the invention
- Figure 19 schematically shows in cross section another example of a part that can be manufactured with the method according to the invention
- Figure 20 schematically shows in cross section another example of a part that can be manufactured with the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 An example of implementation of an additive manufacturing process used in the prior art.
- a molten metal M for example a molten metal wire
- the substrate S has a great length, for example greater than 1 m.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 represent an example of implementation of the method according to the invention with an installation 1 in accordance with one embodiment of the invention for producing a metal part 50 by additive manufacturing.
- This example to create a reinforcing rib 11, or stiffener, on a substrate 2 and along the latter.
- the substrate 2 is very long, for example having a length greater than 1 m.
- the metal part 50 comprises the rib 11 and the substrate 2.
- a welding torch deposits molten metal M in the form of layers 14, layer by layer, to form the part.
- the installation 1 comprises a cooler 5, mobile relative to the substrate 2, but fixed relative to the layer 14, called n, being deposited at a given moment.
- the cooler 5 moves as the layers are deposited to be fixed relative to the layer being deposited.
- the cooler 5 delimits a cooling zone 8 during the deposition of the layers 14 as visible in FIGS. 3 and 4, around at least the last layer 14 deposited n-1 and possibly the layer 14 being deposited n in order to obtain an optimum temperature within this cooling zone 8 and to dissipate the heat from the molten metal M deposited layer by layer, as the construction of the metal part 50 progresses.
- the cooler 5 delimits a cooling zone 8 which surrounds the n-5 layers 14 deposited before the layer 14 during deposition n.
- the cooling zone 8 comprises at least a peripheral zone of the last layer deposited n-1 before the layer being deposited n, transversely thereto, as well as a peripheral zone of at least part of the n-1 layers, in this example between 1 and 5 layers, over a height of between 2 and 10 mm approximately.
- the cooler 5 comprises a plurality of walls forming plates 6, three in number in this example, namely an outer plate 6a, arranged on the opposite side with respect to the substrate 2 and plates 6b and 6c, parallel to each other in this example, laterally surrounding the layers 14 parallel to the axis Y.
- the plates 6 extend in a vertical plane in the example illustrated, perpendicular to the plane of the layers 14.
- the cooler 5 is in this multi-plate example.
- Each plate 6 may consist of a copper plate incorporating circuits cooled by a cooling liquid, in particular water or heat transfer fluid.
- the cooler 5 is fixed relative to the last layer 14 deposited n-1 before the layer 14 n being deposited, always surrounding the latter as well as possibly the layer being deposited. deposition n and/or one or more preceding layers.
- the cooler 5 can be fixed to the support of the welding torch and move integrally with it, during the implementation of the process.
- the substrate 2 which is mobile during the implementation of the method, while the cooler 5 remains fixed, as does the welding torch for example.
- the cooler 5 belongs to a cooling system 7 which further comprises a control system 20, shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2, formed for example by a remote computer, making it possible to control the temperature of the plates 6 and therefore of the zone of cooling 8, so that the latter allows cooling of the n-layer or of the n-1 layer and possibly of the layers under the n-1 layer, for example up to the n-5 layer.
- a control system 20 shown in dotted lines in FIG. 2, formed for example by a remote computer, making it possible to control the temperature of the plates 6 and therefore of the zone of cooling 8, so that the latter allows cooling of the n-layer or of the n-1 layer and possibly of the layers under the n-1 layer, for example up to the n-5 layer.
- layers 14 are deposited not parallel to substrate 2 as in the prior art, but at an angle. In this example, layers 14 are deposited perpendicular to the substrate 2 extending along the axis X. Each layer 14 has two opposite edges 9, a free edge 10 and an edge 12 in contact with the substrate 2. The end edge 12 of each layer 14 is soldered to the substrate 2 during the deposition of the layer 14.
- substrate 2 is positioned vertically. It could be arranged in an inclined manner without departing from the scope of the invention.
- a secondary substrate 3, visible in FIG. 2, is fixed, for example by welding, close to the lower end of the substrate 2, orthogonal thereto, along an axis Y.
- the secondary substrate 3 may have a surface of base 4 corresponding to the area of each layer 14 of metal to be deposited during the additive manufacturing process.
- the base surface 4 can alternatively have a larger surface than that of each layer 14.
- the deposited metal is in this example a titanium-based alloy, but it could constitute a nickel-based superalloy or any other weldable metal alloy without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the metal is brought in the form of wire in this example.
- the metal M is melted in this example using a welding torch, only part of which is shown for the sake of clarity of the drawing.
- the temperature in the cooling zone 8 it is sought to maintain the temperature in the cooling zone 8 at a temperature between ambient temperature and 600°C, in particular between 100°C and 300°C.
- the respective distances d between the plates 6a and 6b and the respective edges 9 of the deposited layers 14 can be approximately between 0 and 2 mm.
- a contact is ensured between the plates 6a and 6b and the respective edges 9 for an exchange by conduction.
- This distance d can be modulated to adjust the temperature within the cooling zone 8 delimited by the cooler 5. It is also possible to modulate the surface of the cooler and its thermal dissipation flux in kW/h.
- the cooler 5 moves in such a way that the cooling zone 8 has a constant volume except for modulation of the distance between the plates 6b, respectively 6c, and the corresponding edge 9 of the deposited layers n-1, etc.
- the cooler 5 is multi-plate in the example of FIGS. 2 to 4.
- the cooler 5 is one-piece, having an overall shape and a through opening 21 allowing it to surround the substrate 2 and the layers 14 and to define the cooling zone 8.
- cooler 5 could include a fourth plate 6d parallel to plate 6a but located at the other end of plates 6b and 6c to face the free edge 10 of the rib 11 under construction. This could make it possible to completely close the cooling zone 8 laterally.
- Such a plate 6d is present in the embodiment of FIG. 6.
- the cooling zone 8 delimited around the n-1 layer and the previously deposited layers also extends around and above above the layer n being deposited along the longitudinal axis X of the substrate 2.
- coolers 5 are provided, referenced 5a and 5b.
- the coolers 5 each comprise only two plates 6b and 6c, and are movable in displacement independently of one another, relative to the substrate 2.
- the ribs 11a and 11b are formed simultaneously and the coolers 5a and 5b are movable simultaneously.
- Figure 9 illustrates the possibility of depositing a metal not in the form of molten wire but in the form of bars 13 coming to be deposited in the molten state. This makes it possible in particular to increase the rate of deposition of the layers 14.
- the cooler 5 which, with the cooling zone 8 that it delimits, only laterally encloses the zone with the n-1 layer deposited. , possibly the layer n being deposited, the layers already deposited underlying and possibly a zone above the layer n being deposited.
- FIG. 10 and 11 another example of installation 1 for the implementation of the method according to the invention, comprising, in addition to the cooling system 7, an inerting system 15 with injection of inert gas, in this example consisting of argon.
- the injection is done in this example from the bottom using a diffuser towards an inerting cell 22 including the cooling zone 8 delimited by the cooler 5 shown in dotted lines, and the zone around this cooling zone 8, in the direction illustrated by the arrows, that is to say upwards.
- Figure 10 illustrates the beginning of the implementation of the method according to the invention, the number of layers deposited being low, while Figure 11 represents the installation after implementation of the method on a large number of layers.
- the inerting cell 22 is delimited by at least one, in particular several partitions 26 which can slide relative to each other telescopically, in order to extend the inerting cell 22 as the process is implemented.
- the partitions 26 are superimposed laterally at the start. They then extend over a height h equal to the height of a partition 26 in Figure 10.
- the partition 26i located outside has slid upwards so that the total height is the height h; greater than the height h.
- the inerting cell 22 is therefore extended in this example during the implementation of the additive manufacturing process according to the invention.
- the distance D between the upper end 25 of the inerting cell 22 and therefore of the highest partition 26 and the layer being deposited n can be constant and predetermined during the implementation process according to the invention, having for example a value between 10 and 50 cm.
- FIG. 13 and 14 there is shown a metal part 50 with a rib 11 of pyramidal shape as visible.
- the deposition of the layers will of course be adapted according to this pyramidal shape.
- the plates 6 of the cooler 5 can be, as shown in this figure, arranged parallel to the edges 9 of the rib 11.
- FIGS. 15 to 20 Other examples of metal parts 50 according to the invention produced according to the method according to the invention have been illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 20.
- the rib 11 seen from above changes dimension in height and in thickness on the X axis, with a part 17 more massive than the part 16.
- the rib 11 is in the shape of an inverted pyramid.
- the rib 11 comprises two parts 18 and 19 forming an angle between them.
- the plates 6 of the cooler 5 can present angles so as to have at any point of the plate 6 a constant distance relative to the edge 9 and possibly 10 of the rib 11.
- the rib 11 has a curved shape.
- the shape of the plates 6 will also be adapted to this curved shape to maintain within the cooling zone 8 delimited by the cooler 5 a predetermined temperature range.
- the substrates 2 are separate unlike in FIG. 19. Between the substrates 2, a part of the cooler 5 has been integrated in the form of a plate.
- the ribs 11 in this example include a protrusion 19.
- the shape of the cooler 5 and of the plates 6 is of course adapted to have, in the cooling zone 8, the desired temperature.
- an embodiment according to the invention can be that of FIG. 1, including a cooler 5 as described above.
- the substrate 2 can be mobile and the cooler 5 can be fixed, during the implementation of the method.
- the metal can be in the form of powder, wire, bar, strip or in another form.
- Layers 14 can be deposited in an inclined plane that is not orthogonal to the plane of substrate 2. Secondary substrate 3 can form a non-right angle with substrate 2.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP22720604.2A EP4319934A1 (fr) | 2021-04-06 | 2022-04-01 | Procédé de fabrication additive d'une pièce métallique |
US18/285,747 US20240189911A1 (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2022-04-01 | Method for the additive manufacturing of a metal part |
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FRFR2103499 | 2021-04-06 | ||
FR2103499A FR3121373A1 (fr) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Procédé de fabrication additive d’une pièce métallique |
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WO2022214399A1 true WO2022214399A1 (fr) | 2022-10-13 |
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PCT/EP2022/058750 WO2022214399A1 (fr) | 2021-04-06 | 2022-04-01 | Procédé de fabrication additive d'une pièce métallique |
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US (1) | US20240189911A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4319934A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3121373A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022214399A1 (fr) |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2374570A2 (fr) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-12 | Hitachi Ltd. | Procédé de dépôt métallique et appareil de dépôt métallique laser |
US20190001437A1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Norsk Titanium As | Solidification refinement and general phase transformation control through application of in situ gas jet impingement in metal additive manufacturing |
WO2019035810A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Dépôt de métal au laser de superalliages à haute teneur en gamma-prime avec effet de refroidissement |
US20190184494A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-20 | Northwestern University | Systems and methods for global thermal control of additive manufacturing |
WO2019239169A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Al-Bohacen Kft. | Procédé et appareil de production d'un objet métallique tridimensionnel, en particulier d'un objet métallique tridimensionnel massif |
EP3666451A1 (fr) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-06-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Machine de fabrication additive et procédé de refroidissement |
FR3090438A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-26 | Mecachrome | Procédé de fabrication d’une ébauche et dispositif correspondant |
EP3741489A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-25 | Linde GmbH | Dispositif de nettoyage et de refroidissement d'une pièce à usiner lors de la fabrication additive par arcs électriques (waam) |
-
2021
- 2021-04-06 FR FR2103499A patent/FR3121373A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-04-01 EP EP22720604.2A patent/EP4319934A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-04-01 US US18/285,747 patent/US20240189911A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-01 WO PCT/EP2022/058750 patent/WO2022214399A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2374570A2 (fr) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-12 | Hitachi Ltd. | Procédé de dépôt métallique et appareil de dépôt métallique laser |
US20190001437A1 (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-03 | Norsk Titanium As | Solidification refinement and general phase transformation control through application of in situ gas jet impingement in metal additive manufacturing |
WO2019035810A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-15 | 2019-02-21 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Dépôt de métal au laser de superalliages à haute teneur en gamma-prime avec effet de refroidissement |
US20190184494A1 (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-20 | Northwestern University | Systems and methods for global thermal control of additive manufacturing |
WO2019239169A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-19 | Al-Bohacen Kft. | Procédé et appareil de production d'un objet métallique tridimensionnel, en particulier d'un objet métallique tridimensionnel massif |
EP3666451A1 (fr) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-06-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Machine de fabrication additive et procédé de refroidissement |
FR3090438A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-26 | Mecachrome | Procédé de fabrication d’une ébauche et dispositif correspondant |
EP3741489A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-25 | Linde GmbH | Dispositif de nettoyage et de refroidissement d'une pièce à usiner lors de la fabrication additive par arcs électriques (waam) |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3121373A1 (fr) | 2022-10-07 |
US20240189911A1 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
EP4319934A1 (fr) | 2024-02-14 |
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