WO2022213439A1 - 一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022213439A1
WO2022213439A1 PCT/CN2021/091297 CN2021091297W WO2022213439A1 WO 2022213439 A1 WO2022213439 A1 WO 2022213439A1 CN 2021091297 W CN2021091297 W CN 2021091297W WO 2022213439 A1 WO2022213439 A1 WO 2022213439A1
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Prior art keywords
casing
bottom plate
extraction
electrode
rod
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PCT/CN2021/091297
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English (en)
French (fr)
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欧阳菲
罗先熔
文美兰
同锐灵
高文
单江涛
王葆华
刘亚荣
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桂林理工大学
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Priority to US17/908,230 priority Critical patent/US20230288599A1/en
Publication of WO2022213439A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022213439A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/08—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
    • G01V3/082—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices operating with fields produced by spontaneous potentials, e.g. electrochemical or produced by telluric currents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of mineral exploration, and in particular relates to a device and method for geoelectric extraction under water layer coverage.
  • the device used in the existing geoelectric extraction technology mainly includes two parts: a power source and an extraction electrode, and is a prospecting method for extracting trace elements in the soil through electric field excitation.
  • the existing technology has the following problems:
  • An underground electric extraction device covered by a water layer comprising an auxiliary pipe, an outer casing, a main pipe, a mud lifter, an encapsulated extraction electrode and a fixed ferrule;
  • One end of the auxiliary pipe is open, and the other end is closed;
  • One end of the outer sleeve is open, the other end is detachably connected with a top cover, and the top cover is provided with a central hole; the inner diameter of the outer sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the auxiliary pipe;
  • the outer diameter of the main pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve
  • the mud lifter includes an inner rod, an outer rod and a bottom plate, and the outer rod is rotatably sleeved on the outside of the inner rod; one end of the inner rod is provided with a dredging wheel, and the other end is provided with a handle; the
  • the bottom plate includes a first bottom plate and a second bottom plate arranged up and down, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are alternately provided with a number of mud passing holes, and the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are fitted and arranged close to the mining area.
  • One end of a mud wheel wherein the first bottom plate is fixedly connected to the outer rod, and the second bottom plate is fixedly connected to the inner rod; the dredging wheel, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate The diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the outer sleeve;
  • the encapsulated extraction electrode comprises a casing, the casing includes an upper part of the casing and a lower part of the casing, the upper part of the casing is a closed structure, the lower part of the casing is an open structure, the bottom end of the lower part of the casing is provided with a tray, and the tray passes through the column is connected with the upper part of the shell;
  • the upper part of the casing is provided with a liquid storage bottle for storing the extraction liquid, a traditional electrode is set between the tray and the upper part of the casing, and a dropper with a valve is set between the liquid storage bottle and the traditional electrode, so the The dropper transfers the extraction solution in the liquid storage bottle to the traditional electrode;
  • the fixed ferrule includes a power supply box and two ferrules, the two ferrules are respectively arranged at both ends of the power supply box, the ferrules are connected with the power supply box at an adjustable distance, and the ferrules are connected with The lifting rod is matched.
  • first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are both circular, and are provided with three evenly distributed fan-shaped mud-passing holes, and the generatrix of the fan-shaped mud-passing holes radiates radially outward from the center of the circle. set up.
  • the upper surface of the housing is provided with a first screw opening, and the first screw opening is matched with a lifting rod for lifting and placing the housing.
  • the liquid storage bottle and the traditional electrode are fixedly connected through a connector
  • the connector includes a housing, one end of the housing is an opening, and the opening is provided with a fixing device for fixing the liquid storage bottle.
  • the other end of the second screw opening is provided with a closed bottom plate, and an electrical clip for fixing the conventional electrode is arranged on the closed bottom plate; the electrical clip clamps the carbon rod in the conventional electrode.
  • a connecting rod and a screw sleeve are arranged between the ferrule and the power supply box, one end of the screw sleeve is fixedly connected with the power supply box, and the other end is threadedly connected with the connecting rod; The other end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the ferrule.
  • a method for electric extraction under water layer covering, using any one of the above-mentioned electric extraction devices under water layer covering, the method comprises the following steps:
  • step S20 the criterion for determining the dry soil layer is that the soil taken out is obviously dry and loose particles.
  • step S10 the outer casing is pressed and erected in the dry soil layer.
  • step S30 before placing the encapsulated extraction electrode, the following preparations need to be done:
  • the present invention ensures the water-resistance effect through three-step measures of auxiliary pipe, outer casing and increasing the excavation depth. As described in the operation steps: first, the auxiliary pipe is used to initially isolate water and silt; second, the outer casing is used to achieve preliminary waterproofing, so that most of the water cannot flow into the pipe.
  • the depth of the outer casing is relatively large, and the water absorption of the soil itself ensures that the upper water and silt will not infiltrate quickly (at least not within the 24h extraction time); third, by digging out small pits at the bottom of the pit This further ensures the occurrence of accidental water seepage; if the outer casing is loose, it may cause a small amount of water to seep down the gap between the pipe and the soil, so the third step is to prevent this from happening.
  • waterproof and water-absorbing substances can also be filled between the outer casing and the main pipe to achieve the purpose of water insulation, such as adding plastic sheeting first, and then filling with soil.
  • the present invention completes the electrode layout task at a depth of 1-2m, and the electrode burial depth in the prior art is generally about 50CM; and the depth of the soil layer that meets the requirements in special cases often reaches 1-2m, or even deeper;
  • the present invention can complete the burying work at a depth of 1-2m, or even 3-4m, and only needs to increase the length of the outer casing and the main pipe.
  • the present invention improves the portability, operability and safety of the device through the encapsulated extraction electrode.
  • the encapsulated extraction electrode integrates the extraction solution and the traditional electrode. It can be brought to the field after being made indoors, which is convenient to carry and reduces the time and workload of field operation.
  • the operation of electrode burying in the prior art includes 6 steps such as digging a pit, burying the electrode, filling soil, pouring the extraction liquid, compacting the soil and connecting the power supply.
  • the present invention only needs 3 steps of digging a pit, burying an electrode, connecting a power source, etc., the operation is simple, and the disturbance to the soil and the inhomogeneity of the artificial watering extraction solution are reduced; at the same time, the extraction solution is also concentrated in the traditional Inside the electrode, it diffuses from the inside to the outside, which ensures the energization effect and extraction effect to the greatest extent.
  • the extraction liquid infusion in the present invention only needs to connect the rubber hose to the interface of the storage container and open the valve, which greatly reduces the opportunity for operators to contact the acid liquid and improves the safety of operation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the auxiliary pipe
  • Fig. 2 is the overall structure schematic diagram of outer casing
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a supervisor
  • Fig. 5 is the structural representation of dredging wheel
  • Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the first bottom plate (the second bottom plate);
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the encapsulated extraction electrode
  • Fig. 8 is the structural representation of shell
  • Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the tray
  • Fig. 10 is the structural representation of lifting rod
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the fixed ferrule
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of placing the outer casing
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of dredging with an outer casing and placing it to a suitable depth
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of placing the main pipe and the encapsulated extraction electrode
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of arranging electrodes and energizing
  • An electric extraction device covered by a water layer includes an auxiliary pipe 1 , an outer casing 2 , a main pipe 3 , a mud lifter 4 , an encapsulated extraction electrode 5 and a fixed ferrule 6 .
  • auxiliary pipe 1 One end of the auxiliary pipe 1 is open and the other end is closed.
  • the auxiliary pipes 1 are made of plastic, with a diameter of 15CM and a length of 1M each.
  • the function of the auxiliary pipe 1 is to initially displace the sludge with more water in the bottom, so as to ensure that when the outer casing 2 is used, there will not be too much moisture and sludge in the outer casing 2 . If the length of the auxiliary pipe 1 is not enough, one can be added.
  • the outer casing 2 is a steel pipe, and the diameter of the pipe body 21 of the outer casing 2 is similar to that of the auxiliary pipe 1 (slightly larger than 15CM), but it is suitable to be just outside the auxiliary pipe 1, and the length of each pipe is 1M .
  • the function of the outer casing 2 is to preliminarily block the penetration of external water into the surrounding of the extraction device. If the length of the outer sleeve 2 is not enough, an additional sleeve can be added.
  • the top cover 22 of the outer sleeve 2 is provided with a central hole, in which the lifting rod 510 can be sheathed to fix the lifting rod 510 .
  • the outer casing 2 is matched with a mud lifter 4, both of which have the same diameter, and the soil is excavated through the mud lifter 4.
  • the outer diameter of the main pipe 3 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer sleeve 2 .
  • the main pipe 3 is a steel pipe with two ends open, with a diameter of 5CM and a length of 1.5M each.
  • the role of the main pipe 3 is to dig out the soil and make a hole downward, and it is also used to bury the ground electricity extraction electrode.
  • a mud lifter 4 matching the main pipe 3 is provided, the diameters of the two are the same, and soil is excavated by the mud lifter 4 .
  • the mud lifter 4 includes an inner rod 44, an outer rod 43 and a bottom plate 42, and the outer rod 43 is sleeved outside the inner rod 44; one end of the inner rod 44 is provided with a dredging wheel 41, and the other end is provided with a handle 45;
  • the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are provided.
  • the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are correspondingly provided with a number of mud holes, and the rest are used as mudguards.
  • the mudguards cover the mud holes;
  • a bottom plate and a second bottom plate are arranged at one end close to the dredging wheel 41, wherein the first bottom plate is fixedly connected with the outer rod 43, and the second bottom plate is fixedly connected with the inner rod 44; the dredging wheel 41, the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are fixedly connected
  • the outer contour is adapted to the inner diameter of the main pipe 3 or the outer sleeve 2.
  • the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are both circular, and are provided with three evenly distributed fan-shaped mud-passing holes.
  • the outer rod when excavating the soil, the outer rod needs to be rotated so that the upper and lower parts of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate are completely overlapped, and the orifices of the fan-shaped mud holes communicate with each other.
  • the outer rod When carrying out the soil lifting operation, rotate the outer rod so that the upper and lower parts of the first bottom plate and the second bottom plate cross each other, and the orifices of the fan-shaped mud holes are blocked from each other, so that the mud lifter 4 can be pulled up to the position of the nozzle and the soil can be taken out. .
  • the dredging wheel 41 is a turbine fan blade.
  • the encapsulated extraction electrode 5 comprises a casing 58, the casing 58 includes an upper casing part and a casing lower part, the casing upper part is a closed structure, the casing lower part is an open structure, the bottom end of the casing lower part is provided with a tray 59, and the tray 59 is connected with the casing upper part through a column 512;
  • a liquid storage bottle 51 for storing the extraction liquid is arranged in the upper part of the casing, a traditional electrode 52 is arranged between the tray 59 and the upper part of the casing, and a dropper 54 with a valve 55 is arranged between the liquid storage bottle 51 and the traditional electrode 52.
  • the extraction liquid in the liquid storage bottle 51 is delivered to the conventional electrode 52 .
  • the upper surface of the casing 58 is provided with a lifting rod 510 .
  • the conventional electrode 52 is the electrode described in the patent ZL200720125708, and its structure is exactly the same, and no changes are made to inherit the original features.
  • the liquid storage bottle 51 is used to store the extraction liquid, which is generally a HNO 3 solution with a specific concentration (it can also be changed to other components as required).
  • the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 51 is provided with a dropper 54 with a valve, and the main function is to transport the extraction liquid in the liquid storage bottle 51 to the traditional electrode 52 .
  • the drip tube 54 is mainly composed of a plastic hose, and its tip plug 56 is made of hard plastic material, which can be inserted into the foam plastic of the traditional electrode; the valve is made of plastic material, and its drip irrigation principle is the same as that of a medical infusion tube. Push the rollers to control the flow of the liquid.
  • the top of the liquid storage bottle 51 is designed with two hoses 57, through which the extraction liquid can be connected and added indoors; in addition, after the electrodes are arranged in the field, its function is to communicate with the atmosphere and keep the top and bottom of the liquid storage bottle 51 between the top and bottom.
  • the pressure difference makes the liquid flow out of the drip tube 54 smoothly.
  • the liquid storage bottle 51 and the conventional electrode 52 are fixedly connected through the connector 53 .
  • the connector 53 has a cylindrical plastic shell 532, wherein the bottom of the shell 532 is closed, the upper part is open, and the upper opening is provided with threads, which can be sleeved on the bottom of the liquid storage bottle 51 and connected with the liquid storage bottle 51 by screw threads.
  • the bottom of the connector 53 is provided with an electric clamp 533 for fixing the conventional electrode, and the carbon rod in the conventional electrode 52 is clamped by it.
  • the metal wire 511 drawn from the electrical clip 533 is drawn to the outside of the connector 53 and connected to the power source.
  • the upper end of the connector 53 fixes the liquid storage bottle 51 through the second screw opening 531 .
  • the casing 58 is cylindrical, and can accommodate conventional electrodes 52, connectors 53, liquid storage bottles 51 and other devices in the casing 58, and its main function is to place and recover the packaged extraction electrodes.
  • the casing 58 is divided into two parts: the upper part of the casing and the lower part of the casing.
  • the upper part of the casing is a closed plastic casing, and the lower part of the casing is an open structure.
  • a circular tray 59 is arranged at the bottom end of the lower part of the casing.
  • a thin column 512 is connected to the upper part.
  • the top of the housing 58 is provided with a reserved hole for passing through the hose 57 and the metal wire 511 .
  • the upper surface of the closed end of the housing 58 is provided with a first screw opening 581 , and the first screw opening 581 is matched with the lifting rod 510 for lifting the housing 58 .
  • the fixed ferrule 6 includes a power supply box 64 and two ferrules 61.
  • the two ferrules 61 are respectively arranged on both ends of the power supply box 64.
  • the ferrule 61 is connected with the power supply box 64 at an adjustable distance, and the ferrule 61 is matched with the lifting rod 510. .
  • a connecting rod 62 and a screw sleeve 63 are arranged between the ferrule 61 and the power supply box 64.
  • One end of the screw sleeve 63 is fixedly connected to the power supply box 64, and the other end is threadedly connected to the connecting rod 62; the other end of the connecting rod 62 is connected to the power supply box 64.
  • the ferrule 61 is fixedly connected.
  • the power box 64 is provided with a battery and a battery button for connecting the metal wire 511 .
  • the power supply box 64 is provided with a connecting rod 62 and a screw sleeve 63 (with threads inside), and by tightening the screw sleeve 63, it can be connected with the ferrule 61 and the power supply box 64 can be fixed.
  • One end of the ferrule 61 is annular, which can be sleeved on the lifting rod 510, and can be firmly fixed on the lifting rod 510 after tightening the screw; the other end of the ferrule 61 also has a connecting rod 62, and the end has a thread, which is connected with the screw socket.
  • the pipes 63 are connected.
  • a method for electric extraction under water layer covering, using the ground electric extraction device under water layer covering provided in Example 1, the method comprises the following steps:
  • the criterion for determining the dry soil layer 9 is that the soil taken out is obviously dry and loose particles.
  • step S20 in step S10 , the outer casing 2 is pressed and erected in the dry soil layer 9 .
  • Recovering device and storing samples after power-on for a predetermined time, lift the lift rod 510 upward to take out the encapsulated extraction electrode; disassemble the traditional electrode 52, take out the foam and pack it in a plastic bag, and send it to the laboratory as a sample analyze.

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Abstract

一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置及方法，属于矿产勘查技术领域，其包括辅管（1）、外套管（2）、主管（3）、提泥器（4）、封装式提取电极（5）和固定套圈（6）；辅管（1）的一端开口，另一端封闭；外套管（2）的一端为开口，另一端可拆卸连接有顶盖（22）；外套管（2）的内径大于辅管（1）的外径；主管（3）的外径小于外套管（2）的内径；提泥器（4）包括内杆（44）、外杆（43）和底板（42），外杆（43）套设在内杆（44）外侧；内杆（44）的一端设置有采泥轮（41），另一端设置有手柄（45）；封装式提取电极（5）包括外壳（58），外壳（58）内设置有存放提取液的储液瓶（51）和传统电极（52）；固定套圈（6）包括电源盒（64）和2个套圈（61）。通过辅管（1）、外套管（2）和加大开挖深度等三步措施来保障隔水效果，并通过封装式提取电极（5）实现了对装置的便携性、操作性和安全性等方面的提高。

Description

一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于矿产勘查技术领域，具体涉及一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置及方法。
背景技术
寻找较大深度的隐伏矿产是国内和国际矿产勘查工作的主要任务，因此，穿透性勘查技术的研发是目前找矿方法的重要发展方向。现有地电提取技术所使用的装置主要包括电源、提取电极两个部分，是一种通过电场激发对土壤中微量元素进行提取的找矿方法。
现有技术存在以下问题：
1)不适用于特殊地形地貌，例如水田、沼泽、河流等有水覆盖的条件。在地表出现明显积水的情况下，水会将图1中表土层中的微量元素带入提取电极，这会严重影响测量效果。地电提取作为穿透性勘查技术，其所测量的微量元素主要来自地下深处，经过长时间(可达百万年)在地质作用下积累而成，而其含量很低(ppm级以下)。不但，表土层的微量元素组成和含量与残积层具有较大差异；而且，会受到来自人类及其他因素的影响，尤其是重金属污染。这两种情况将对测量结果产生明显影响，导致在地表出现明显积水的情况下只能放弃测量或者更改测量位置。
2)存在一定的提取液流失问题。由于提取电极布置位置处于土壤中，提取液浇在其周围的开放空间中，会随着时间向四周扩散。据观察超过24小时就会有明显流失，尤其在干燥、砂质土壤中流失程度更加明显；24小时以内的流失程度不明显。提取液的流失主要影响土壤的导电性能，提高两个提取电极之间的电阻率，降低提取效果。
3)现有操作过程破坏了土壤原有结构，存在潜在人为影响。在埋设提取电极时需要挖50CM深的坑，提取电极周围的土壤实际上是经过扰动的，是人工回填的结果。这样操作破坏了原有土壤结构，增加了孔隙度，改变了其导电性能，增加了人为影响。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采取了如下技术方案：
一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置，包括辅管、外套管、主管、提泥器、封装式提取电极和固定套圈；
所述辅管的一端开口，另一端封闭；
所述外套管的一端为开口，另一端可拆卸连接有顶盖，所述顶盖上设置有中心孔；所述外套管的内径大于所述辅管的外径；
所述主管的外径小于所述外套管的内径；
所述提泥器包括内杆、外杆和底板，所述外杆可转动的套设在所述内杆外侧；所述内杆的一端设置有采泥轮，另一端设置有手柄；所述底板包括上下设置的第一底板和第二底板，所述第一底板和所述第二底板交错设置若干过泥孔，所述第一底板和所述第二底板贴合设置在靠近所述采泥轮的一端，其中，所述第一底板与所述外杆固定连接，所述第二底板与所述内杆固定连接；所述采泥轮、所述第一底板和所述第二底板的直径与所述外套管的内径适配；
所述封装式提取电极包括外壳，所述外壳包括外壳上部和外壳下部，所述外壳上部为封闭结构，所述外壳下部为开放结构，所述外壳下部的底端设置有托盘，所述托盘通过柱子与所述外壳上部连接；
所述外壳上部内设置有存放提取液的储液瓶，所述托盘与所述外壳上部之间设置有传统电极，所述储液瓶和所述传统电极之间设置带阀门的滴管，所述滴管将所述储液瓶内的提取液输送至所述传统电极；
所述固定套圈包括电源盒和2个套圈，2个所述套圈分别设置在所述电源盒的两端，所述套圈与所述电源盒可调距连接，所述套圈与所述提杆配合。
进一步地，所述第一底板和所述第二底板均为圆形，且均设置有三个均布的扇形过泥孔，所述扇形过泥孔的母线由圆形中心沿径向向外辐射设置。
进一步地，所述外壳的上表面设置有第一螺口，所述第一螺口与提放所述外壳的提杆配合。
进一步地，所述储液瓶和所述传统电极通过连接器固定连接，所述连接器包括壳体，所述壳体的一端为开口，所述开口内设置有用于固定所述储液瓶的第二螺口，另一端设置有封闭底板，所述封闭底板上设置有固定所述传统电极的电气夹；所述电气夹夹持所述传统电极中的碳棒。
进一步地，所述套圈与所述电源盒之间设置连接杆和螺口套管，所述螺口套管的一端与所述电源盒固定连接，另一端与所述连接杆螺纹连接；所述连接杆的另一端与所述套圈固定连接。
一种水层覆盖下地电提取方法，使用上述任一项所述的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，该方法包括以下步骤：
S10、放置外套管：将辅管的封闭一端放入水底，用力下压，将水和淤泥排出；将外套管套装在辅管外侧，并用外力下压使外套管位置固定，取出辅管；
S20、利用外套管挖泥并放至合适深度：在外套管中放入提泥器并旋转手柄，挖动土壤或稀泥并将其取出，直至干土层；
S30、放置主管和封装式提取电极：将主管放置在外套管内，并加入与主管适配的提泥器，在外套管的底部重新挖出圆柱状坑体；将封装式提取电极放入圆柱状坑体，取出主管；将封装式提取电极的提杆穿过外套管的顶盖，并旋紧；
S40、布置电极并通电：重复步骤S10至步骤S30，再布置另一个封装式提取电极；然后，将固定套圈的2个套圈分别套在两个提杆上并固定，同时通过拧紧连接杆上的螺口套管来固定电源盒；将两个封装式提取电极的金属导线分别与电源盒的正负极相连；
S50、回收装置和保存样品：通电预定时间后，将提杆向上提起，取出封装式提取电极；拆开传统电极，取出其中的泡塑用塑料袋装好，将其作为样品送实验室分析。
进一步地，步骤S20中，干土层的判断标准为取出的土壤明显较干燥、松散颗粒。
进一步地，步骤S10中，将外套管压稳并竖立在干土层中。
进一步地，在步骤S30中，放置封装式提取电极之前，需要做以下准备工作：
S31、将传统电极固定到连接器的下部电气夹，并将滴管尖端插进传统电极的泡塑中；
S32、将软管与存储提取液的容器相连，在储液瓶内灌入定量的提取液；
S33、套装外壳，并让软管和金属导线穿过外壳的预留孔。
有益效果：
1.本发明通过辅管、外套管和加大开挖深度等三步措施来保障隔水效果。如操作步骤中所述：第一，利用辅管初步隔水和淤泥；第二，利用外套管达到初步防水，使得大部分的水不能流入管内。外套管的深度较大，土壤本身的吸水性保证了上部水和淤泥并不能很快下渗(至少不会在24h的提取时间内下渗)；第三，通过挖出坑底小坑的做法进一步保障了意外渗水的发生；如果外套管松动，有可能造成少量水沿着管子与泥土之间的空隙下渗，因此，第三步是防止这种情况的发生。此外，还可以通过向外套管和主管之间填充防水、吸水物质来达到隔水目的，例如先加塑料布，然后填入泥土等方法。
2.本发明完成了在1-2m深度下的电极布设任务，现有技术中的电极埋设深度一般在50CM左右；而特殊情况下符合要求的土层深度往往会达到1-2m，甚至更深；本发明可以完成1-2m深度的埋设工作，甚至3-4m，且仅需要增加外套管、主管的长度即可。
3.本发明通过封装式提取电极实现了对装置的便携性、操作性和安全性等方面的提高。封装式提取电极将提取液和传统电极均整合在一起，在室内制作好即可带到野外布设，方便携带，也减少了野外操作时间和工作量。
4.在同样埋设深度下，现有技术中的操作是要先挖一个50CM的大坑，需要1-2人带上工具开挖，费时也费力；而本发明只需要挖开一个小坑(12CM的小洞)即可。
此外，在同等条件下，简化了操作步骤，减少了人为操作的影响，现有 技术中电极埋设的操作包括挖坑、埋电极、填土、浇提取液、压实土壤和连接电源等6步操作；而本发明只需要挖坑、埋电极、连接电源等3步操作即可，操作简单，且减少了对土壤的扰动以及人工浇灌提取液的不均匀性；同时，提取液也集中在传统电极内部，由内向外扩散，最大程度上保证了通电效果和提取效果。
5.本发明中的提取液灌注，只需要将胶管连上存贮容器的接口，打开阀门即可，大大减少了操作人员与酸液接触的机会，提高了操作的安全性。
附图说明
图1为辅管的整体结构示意图；
图2为外套管的整体结构示意图；
图3为主管的示意图；
图4为提泥器的整体结构示意图；
图5为采泥轮的结构示意图；
图6为第一底板(第二底板)的结构示意图；
图7为封装式提取电极的整体结构示意图；
图8为外壳的结构示意图；
图9为托盘的结构示意图；
图10为提杆的结构示意图；
图11为固定套圈的整体结构示意图；
图12为放置外套管示意图；
图13为利用外套管挖泥并放至合适深度示意图；
图14为放置主管和封装式提取电极示意图；
图15为布置电极并通电示意图；
其中，1、辅管；2、外套管；21、管体；22、顶盖；3、主管；4、提泥器；41、采泥轮；42、底板；43、外杆；44、内杆；45、手柄；5、封装式提取电极；51、储液瓶；52、传统电极；53、连接器；531、第二螺口；532、壳体；533、电气夹；54、滴管；55、阀门；56、插头；57、软管；58、外壳； 581、第一螺口；59、托盘；510、提杆；511、金属导线；512、柱子；6、固定套圈；61、套圈；62、连接杆；63、螺口套管；64、电源盒；7、水层；8、富水土层；9、干土层。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置，包括辅管1、外套管2、主管3、提泥器4、封装式提取电极5和固定套圈6。
辅管1的一端开口，另一端封闭。在本实施例中，辅管1为塑料材质，直径15CM，每根长度1M。辅管1的作用为初步排挤掉水底含水较多的淤泥，保证在使用外套管2时，外套管2内不会有太多的水分和淤泥。若辅管1的长度不够可加套一根。
外套管2的一端为开口，另一端可拆卸连接有顶盖22，顶盖22上设置有中心孔；外套管2的管体21的内径大于辅管1的外径。在本实施例中，外套管2为钢质管，外套管2的管体21直径与辅管1相仿(比15CM略大)，但以刚好套在辅管1外面为宜，每根长度1M。外套管2的作用为初步隔绝外部水渗透进入提取装置周围。若外套管2的长度不够可加套一根。
其中，外套管2的顶盖22设置有中心孔，可以将提杆510套在其中，用以固定提杆510。外套管2匹配一个提泥器4，两者直径相同，通过提泥器4来挖土。
主管3的外径小于外套管2的内径。在本实施例中，主管3为两端开口的钢质管，直径5CM，每根长度1.5M。主管3的作用为挖出泥土并向下打洞，同时也用来埋设地电提取电极。在本实施中，设置有与主管3相匹配一个提泥器4，两者直径相同，通过提泥器4来挖土。
提泥器4包括内杆44、外杆43和底板42，外杆43套设在内杆44外侧；内杆44的一端设置有采泥轮41，另一端设置有手柄45；底板42包括上下设置的第一底板和第二底板，第一底板和第二底板对应设置若干过泥孔，其余部分作为挡泥板，第一底板和第二底板叠加时，挡泥板遮盖过泥孔；第一底板和第 二底板设置在靠近采泥轮41的一端，其中，第一底板与外杆43固定连接，第二底板与内杆44固定连接；采泥轮41、第一底板和第二底板的外轮廓与主管3或外套管2的内径适配。
在本实施例中，第一底板和第二底板均为圆形，且均设置有三个均布的扇形过泥孔，扇形过泥孔的母线由圆形中心沿径向向外辐射设置。
在本实施例中，当进行挖土操作时，需要转动外杆使第一底板和第二底板上下两片完全重叠，扇形过泥孔的孔口相通。当进行提土操作时，转动外杆使第一底板和第二底板上下两片彼此交叉，扇形过泥孔的孔口相互遮挡，即可将提泥器4向上拉至管口位置并取出泥土。
在本实施例中，采泥轮41为涡轮扇叶。
封装式提取电极5包括外壳58，外壳58包括外壳上部和外壳下部，外壳上部为封闭结构，外壳下部为开放结构，外壳下部的底端设置有托盘59，托盘59通过柱子512与外壳上部连接；
外壳上部内设置有存放提取液的储液瓶51，托盘59与外壳上部之间设置有传统电极52，储液瓶51和传统电极52之间设置带阀门55的滴管54，滴管54将储液瓶51内的提取液输送至传统电极52。其中，外壳58的上表面设置有提杆510。
在本实施例中，传统电极52即为专利ZL200720125708中所述的电极，其结构完全相同，继承原有特点不做任何改变。
储液瓶51用于存放提取液，一般为特定浓度的HNO 3溶液(也可根据需要改成其他成份)。
储液瓶51底部设置有带阀门的滴管54，主要作用是将储液瓶51中的提取液输送到传统电极52中。滴管54主要由塑料软管构成，其尖端插头56，插头56是硬的塑料材质，能够插进传统电极的泡塑之中；阀门为塑料材质，其滴灌的原理与医用输液管相同，通过推动滚轮来控制液体的流量。
储液瓶51顶部设计有两根软管57，在室内可以通过它连接并添加提取液；另外，在野外布置好电极以后，它的作用是连通大气，保持储液瓶51顶部、 底部之间的压力差，使得液体顺利从滴管54流出。在添加提取液时，需要保证一根软管连通大气；运输过程中要保持两根软管被夹紧，以免液体外流。
储液瓶51和传统电极52通过连接器53固定连接。连接器53具有圆柱状塑料壳体532，其中，壳体532的底部封闭，上部开口，上部开口内设螺纹，可以套在储液瓶51底部并与储液瓶51螺纹连接。连接器53底部设置有固定传统电极的电气夹533，通过它夹持传统电极52中的碳棒。
在本实施例中，从电气夹533中引出的金属导线511并引至连接器53外部、与电源相连。连接器53的上端通过第二螺口531来固定储液瓶51。
在本实施例中，外壳58为圆柱状，外壳58内能够容纳传统电极52、连接器53、储液瓶51等器件，其主要作用是放置和回收封装式提取电极。
在本实施例中，外壳58分为外壳上部和外壳下部两部分，外壳上部为封闭的塑料外壳，外壳下部为开放的结构，外壳下部的底端设置有一个圆形托盘59，托盘59通过四个细柱子512与上部相连。外壳58的顶部设置有预留孔，用于穿过软管57和金属导线511。先将外壳58的上部套在储液瓶51和连接器53外面，并将软管57和金属导线511穿过预留孔；然后将外壳58的下部套在传统电极52外面，并拧紧外壳上部与外壳下部之间的螺口。
外壳58封闭端的上表面设置有第一螺口581，第一螺口581与提放外壳58的提杆510配合。
固定套圈6包括电源盒64和2个套圈61，2个套圈61分别设置在电源盒64的两端，套圈61与电源盒64可调距连接，套圈61与提杆510配合。
套圈61与电源盒64之间设置连接杆62和螺口套管63，螺口套管63的一端与电源盒64固定连接，另一端与连接杆62螺纹连接；连接杆62的另一端与套圈61固定连接。
其中，电源盒64内设有电池、电池扣，用来连接金属导线511。电源盒64外设有连接杆62和螺口套管63(内有螺纹)，通过拧紧螺口套管63，可以与套圈61相连并固定电源盒64。套圈61的一端呈环状，可以套在提杆510上，拧 紧螺丝以后能够较牢靠地固定在提杆510上；套圈61的另一端也有连接杆62，末端有螺纹，与螺口套管63相接。
使用时：首先，分别将左右套圈套61在提杆510上，并拧紧螺丝固定；然后，将连接电源盒64的螺口套管63与连接杆62接好并拧紧。通过调节螺母的松紧来控制两个套圈61之间的距离。
实施例2
一种水层覆盖下地电提取方法，使用实施例1提供的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，该方法包括以下步骤：
S10、放置外套管2：将辅管1的封闭一端放入水底，用力下压，将水和淤泥排出；将外套管2套装在辅管1外侧，并用外力下压使外套管2位置固定，取出辅管1。
S20、利用外套管2挖泥并放至合适深度：在外套管2中放入提泥器4并旋转手柄45，挖动土壤或稀泥并将其取出，直至干土层9。如果富水土层8较厚，可以重复操作提泥管，直至干土层9。
其中，干土层9的判断标准为取出的土壤明显较干燥、松散颗粒。
步骤S20中，步骤S10中，将外套管2压稳并竖立在干土层9中。
S30、放置主管3和封装式提取电极：将主管3放置在外套管2内，并加入与主管3适配的提泥器4，在外套管2的底部重新挖出圆柱状坑体；将封装式提取电极5放入圆柱状坑体，取出主管3；将封装式提取电极5的提杆510穿过外套管2的顶盖22，并旋紧。
其中，在放置封装式提取电极之前，需要做以下准备工作：
S31、将传统电极52固定到连接器53的下部电气夹533，并将滴管54尖端插进传统电极52的泡塑中；
S32、将软管57与存储提取液的容器相连，在储液瓶51内灌入定量的提取液；
S33、套装外壳58，并让软管57和金属导线511穿过外壳58的顶部预留孔。
S40、布置电极并通电：重复步骤S10至步骤S30，再布置另一个封装式提取电极5；然后，将固定套圈6的2个套圈61分别套在两个提杆510上并固定，同时通过拧紧连接杆62上的螺口套管63来固定电源盒64；将两个封装式提取电极的金属导线511分别与电源盒64的正负极相连；
S50、回收装置和保存样品：通电预定时间后，将提杆510向上提起，取出封装式提取电极；拆开传统电极52，取出其中的泡塑用塑料袋装好，将其作为样品送实验室分析。
以上所述，仅是本发明较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明的技术范围作任何限制，故凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种水层覆盖下地电提取装置，其特征在于，包括辅管、外套管、主管、提泥器、封装式提取电极和固定套圈；
    所述辅管的一端开口，另一端封闭；
    所述外套管的一端为开口，另一端可拆卸连接有顶盖，所述顶盖上设置有中心孔；所述外套管的内径大于所述辅管的外径；
    所述主管的外径小于所述外套管的内径；
    所述提泥器包括内杆、外杆和底板，所述外杆可转动的套设在所述内杆外侧；所述内杆的一端设置有采泥轮，另一端设置有手柄；所述底板包括上下设置的第一底板和第二底板，所述第一底板和所述第二底板交错设置若干过泥孔，所述第一底板和所述第二底板贴合设置在靠近所述采泥轮的一端，其中，所述第一底板与所述外杆固定连接，所述第二底板与所述内杆固定连接；所述采泥轮、所述第一底板和所述第二底板的直径与所述外套管的内径适配；
    所述封装式提取电极包括外壳，所述外壳包括外壳上部和外壳下部，所述外壳上部为封闭结构，所述外壳下部为开放结构，所述外壳下部的底端设置有托盘，所述托盘通过柱子与所述外壳上部连接；
    所述外壳上部内设置有存放提取液的储液瓶，所述托盘与所述外壳上部之间设置有传统电极，所述储液瓶和所述传统电极之间设置带阀门的滴管，所述滴管将所述储液瓶内的提取液输送至所述传统电极；
    所述固定套圈包括电源盒和2个套圈，2个所述套圈分别设置在所述电源盒的两端，所述套圈与所述电源盒可调距连接，所述套圈与所述提杆配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，其特征在于，所述第一底板和所述第二底板均为圆形，且均设置有三个均布的扇形过泥孔，所述扇形过泥孔的母线由圆形中心沿径向向外辐射设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，其特征在于，所述外壳的上表面设置有第一螺口，所述第一螺口与提放所述外壳的提杆配合。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，其特征在于，所述储液瓶和所述传统电极通过连接器固定连接，所述连接器包括壳体，所述壳体的一端为开口，所述开口内设置有用于固定所述储液瓶的第二螺口，另一端设置有封闭底板，所述封闭底板上设置有固定所述传统电极的电气夹；所述电气夹夹持所述传统电极中的碳棒。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，其特征在于，所述套圈与所述电源盒之间设置连接杆和螺口套管，所述螺口套管的一端与所述电源盒固定连接，另一端与所述连接杆螺纹连接；所述连接杆的另一端与所述套圈固定连接。
  6. 一种水层覆盖下地电提取方法，其特征在于，使用权利要求1至5任一项所述的水层覆盖下地电提取装置，该方法包括以下步骤：
    S10、放置外套管：将辅管的封闭一端放入水底，用力下压，将水和淤泥排出；将外套管套装在辅管外侧，并用外力下压使外套管位置固定，取出辅管；
    S20、利用外套管挖泥并放至合适深度：在外套管中放入提泥器并旋转手柄，挖动土壤或稀泥并将其取出，直至干土层；
    S30、放置主管和封装式提取电极：将主管放置在外套管内，并加入与主管适配的提泥器，在外套管的底部重新挖出圆柱状坑体；将封装式提取电极放入圆柱状坑体，取出主管；将封装式提取电极的提杆穿过外套管的顶盖，并旋紧；
    S40、布置电极并通电：重复步骤S10至步骤S30，再布置另一个封装式提取电极；然后，将固定套圈的2个套圈分别套在两个提杆上并固定，同时通过拧紧连接杆上的螺口套管来固定电源盒；将两个封装式提取电极的金属导线分别与电源盒的正负极相连；
    S50、回收装置和保存样品：通电预定时间后，将提杆向上提起，取出封装式提取电极；拆开传统电极，取出其中的泡塑用塑料袋装好，将其作为样品送实验室分析。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的水层覆盖下地电提取方法，其特征在于，步骤S20中，干土层的判断标准为取出的土壤明显较干燥、松散颗粒。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的水层覆盖下地电提取方法，其特征在于，步骤S10中，将外套管压稳并竖立在干土层中。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的水层覆盖下地电提取方法，其特征在于，在步骤S30中，放置封装式提取电极之前，需要做以下准备工作：
    S31、将传统电极固定到连接器的下部电气夹，并将滴管尖端插进传统电极的泡塑中；
    S32、将软管与存储提取液的容器相连，在储液瓶内灌入定量的提取液；
    S33、套装外壳，并让软管和金属导线穿过外壳的预留孔。
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