WO2022211662A1

WO2022211662A1 - Small calibre electroshock bullet and cartridge for the use thereof

Info

Publication number: WO2022211662A1
Application number: PCT/RU2021/000210
Authority: WO
Inventors: Юрий Олегович ЛАДЯГИН
Original assignee: ГАБЛИЯ, Юрий Александрович; Юрий Олегович ЛАДЯГИН
Priority date: 2021-03-31
Filing date: 2021-05-25
Publication date: 2022-10-06
Also published as: RU2758476C1

Abstract

A small calibre electroshock bullet comprises a housing, an electrical power source, a cut-off switch, a converter for converting direct current from the electrical power supply into alternating or pulsed voltage, a shock absorber, and electrodes in the form of needles. Arranged inside the housing is an axial conductive needle having an insulating coating along its length and a non-coated front end with a device for attachment to a target and an inertial or pyrotechnic device for extending the needle outside of the body of the housing when the bullet is fired or once the bullet hits a target. An electroshock cartridge comprises a case, a propellant powder charge and an electroshock bullet. Disposed inside the case is a movable cylinder with one bottom, the latter being oriented toward the bottom of the case. The electroshock bullet is arranged inside the movable cylinder. The technical solution allows for more effective immobilization of biological targets using an electroshock bullet, while also making it possible to use cartridges with electroshock bullets in semi-automatic pistols and long-barrelled guns.

Description

Small-caliber electroshock bullet and cartridge for its use

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to a non-lethal remote electric shock weapon (DESHO) with an electrical means of destruction for use against offenders and aggressive animals by law enforcement officers and citizens.

State of the art

As an analogue of the proposed invention, the TASER XREP electroshock bullet from Taser International (Axon Enterprise Inc.) according to the patent [1] and information [2] was chosen. At present, this is the only sample of a mass-produced electric shock bullet in the world. The bullet has a body consisting of two parts connected before and during the shot, but having the possibility of separation after hitting the target. In most of the housing there is a power source (electric battery or accumulator) and a generator of electric current that strikes a biological target (target, biotarget, offender). Folding aerodynamic stabilizers (wings) are also installed on most of the body, and (or pointed needles in another version) to which one pole of the damaging electric current generator is connected. The second pole of the shocking electric current generator is connected to an elongated conductor and a strong leash, which are connected to pointed electrodes fixed on a smaller part of the body (bullet head). When a bullet is fired from a smooth-bore gun of the 12th hunting caliber with a weakened powder charge, the bullet flies to the target. At the same time, the aerodynamic stabilizers pressed to the body before the shot recline and aerodynamically stabilize the bullet in flight to the target. When hitting the target, the pointed electrodes of the head are stuck into the biotarget, as a result of hitting the target, the bullet is divided into two parts, while the head remains stuck in the place of impact, and most of the bullet is detached from the head and hangs on a leash along the body of the biotarget. In this case, the striking electric current of the generator of the striking electric current, which is switched on when fired, passes into the body of the biotarget along the current loop between the electrodes of the head and the conductive aerodynamic stabilizers or needles of the greater part of the body.

The patent [1] notes that: "Without the present invention, stun bullets will not be widely used in military, law enforcement and defense purposes." However, the TASER XREP bullets under the patent [1] themselves have not received any significant distribution from law enforcement services, even in the United States, and even more so, they have not gained distribution in the world despite all the attempts of Taser International (Axon Enterprise Inc.) to promote them to the world market. The main disadvantage of the analog lies in the large weight of a large-caliber bullet having a caliber of the 12th hunting (18.53-18.9 mm) which does not allow the use of a bullet at short distances due to the fact that at short distances, at which, according to statistics, most cases occur the use of non-lethal weapons, the muzzle energy of the bullet should not exceed 50 J., since a large muzzle energy causes "commotio cordis" at the target [3]. At the same time, for a long distance of use, for the flatness of the trajectory, the muzzle energy of the bullet is much higher than 50 J. Thus, attempts to use a bullet at short distances (which inevitably occur in police conflicts with offenders) will lead to mechanical injuries up to "commotio cordis", which incompatible with the concept of "weapons of non-lethal action". The output electrical power of the damaging electric current generated by the generator of the destructive electric current of the bullet is extremely low and insufficient for immobilizing biotargets. In addition, the analog bullet has an unacceptable cost for use ($ 160 per 1 piece) due to a complex device and an expensive generator of damaging electric current. In this case, the bullet does not have a proven effectiveness of impact (immobilization) on the biotarget. There is not a single video in the media of the actual use of the TASER XREP bullet by the police with hundreds of videos of the use of wired stun guns from Axon Enterprise Inc. In the only resonant case since 2011 of the use of TASER XREP on the offender [4] "Expert: Taser no part in Raoul Moat death", the TASER XREP bullet did not have an immobilizing effect on the offender.

As a prototype, a bullet with electrodes retractable from the inside of the body according to patent US5698815A [5] according to FIG. 8A and 8B. The bullet has a housing in which a source of electricity is located in the form of an electric battery, electrodes with sharp ends are located on the housing or in the housing; The bullet is fired from a rifled firearm and, when it hits a biotarget, is stuck into it with sharp electrodes located on the body or pulled out of the body under the action of inertial forces. A constant or pulsed electric current from a source of electricity passes through the electrodes into the biotarget, which has a damaging (immobilizing) effect on the biotarget. The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B is that between the electrodes pos. 86 and 86', inertially introduced into the body of the biotarget of a bullet of a specific caliber of 9 mm (see below), only a very small current loop (current path) can form, which inevitably causes only a weak physiological effect of the current, respectively. In the design of the prototype, the current path passes almost immediately between the electrodes embedded in the body of the biotarget after the epidermis in the dermis, and not along the path between the ends of the electrodes embedded in the body of the biotarget. Since the thickness of the epidermis is from 0.1 mm to 2 mm (on average 1 mm), then between the electrodes embedded in the body of the biotarget, the current path in the dermis penetrated by nerve endings will be 9-10 mm at most, how far will the tips of pos. 88 and 88' of the bendable electrodes no longer matter. In addition, the extension of the electrodes in the pool according to FIG. 8A and 8B occurs simultaneously with the deceleration of the bullet on the target, and thus, at the moment the electrodes are extended, the body of the bullet rotates. Due to the high torque, the bending and breakage of the electrodes being extended into the body of the biotarget is inevitable, or the deceleration of the inertial extension to such an extent that the electrodes cannot be extended to the calculated length. Described in [5] bullets of the prototype obliquely located relative to the axis of the bullet, the electrodes are effective only if the speed of the bullet coincides with the angular velocity of rotation at the angle of the pitch of the rifling in the weapon for shooting bullets, but this is impossible because the bullet at the distance of the shot always loses its translational speed much faster than the angular velocity. If the indicated speeds do not match, the electrodes will be subjected to kink and braking in the body of the biotarget.

The patent [5] indicates the "standard 9 mm cartridge" used for the claimed electroshock bullets, that is, the most common cartridge in the world 9x19 Raga (9 mm NATO) caliber 9 mm., (standard 9 mm cartridge; standard firearm) weight of a standard bullet in which it is 6.0-9.5 g (average 7.75 g). Such a bullet caliber for electroshock bullets can be considered small-caliber, since the only TASER XREP electroshock bullet produced in the world had a caliber of 18.53-18.9 mm. A bullet according to (FIG. 8A and 8B) with an indication of "standard 9 mm cartridge" and a pattern of a standard pistol case may have a weight similar to a standard pistol bullet due to the known and significant weight of known types of power sources (batteries) included in the bullet.

The muzzle energy of a bullet at a speed of 115 m/s and a bullet weight of 7.75 g exceeds 50 J. The impact energy of a bullet equal to or greater than 50 J in the biotarget's heart area causes "commotio cordis" [5]. At the same time, the specific energy of a 9 mm caliber bullet with a muzzle energy of 50 J is 0.781 J / mm2, which already exceeds the allowable specific energy of 0.5 J/mm2 taken as the specific energy of projectiles that does not cause severe mechanical injury. Thus, according to the criterion of the permissible specific energy of projectiles that do not cause severe mechanical injuries, the speed of a bullet weighing 7.75 g cannot exceed 90 m / s. Bullet electrode [5] (FIG. 8A and 8B) with a length of 25 mm and a diameter of 0.8 mm (standard diameter of the needles of the electrodes of the DESHO) has a weight of only about 0.1 g electrode pulse weighing 0.1 g at a speed of meeting a bullet with a target in 90 m/s is only 0.0009 kg m/s. In this case, the shock absorber pos. 94, located in the head of the bullet, is flattened against the target and compressing the retractable electrodes due to friction against the shock absorber under load will further reduce the momentum of the retractable electrodes. With such an insignificant impulse, the introduction of the electrode into the biotarget, taking into account also the friction of the electrodes in the guiding oblique channels, at least for a length of 5–10 mm, seems practically impossible. Mentioned in [5] according to FIG. 8A and 8B, the allegedly achievable distance between the tips of the needles (after impact (a bullet on the target): "one to two inches" (of one to two inches) is generally unattainable both due to the lack of momentum of the electrodes for penetration, and due to the fact that in the standard pistol cartridge 9x19 Raga with a total length (together with a bullet) of 29.7 mm, it is simply physically impossible to place electrodes that move apart at a distance of 25-50 mm between them. 84 and 84' since the calculated impulse of the electrodes is not enough even for complete penetration into the biotarget, and, accordingly, it is far from enough for wedging and fixing the connectors 85 and 85' in the rings 84 and 84'. 8A and 8B, the allegedly achievable distance between the tips of the needles (after impact (bullet on target): "from one to two inches" (of one to two inches) is generally absolutely unattainable due to the fact that in a standard pistol cartridge (cm. below) total length (with bullet) 29.7 mm. it is physically impossible to place electrodes moving apart at a distance of 25-50 mm between them. Declared in the patent [5] shock absorber pos. 94 cannot work at all, since when it hits the target, its expansion with energy absorption is prevented by the body 90, and thus the shock absorber 94 shrinks in the body 90 without the possibility of expanding to the sides to increase the impact area, increases its density and compresses the electrodes pos. 86 and 86' only slows down their exit of the electrodes from the body of the bullet, further reducing the possibility of penetration into the body of the biotarget. In this case, the front sharp edge of the body 90 will inevitably inflict an annular cut or crushing injury to the biological tissues of the target's body.

With an increase in the caliber of the bullet (and hence its weight), the speed of the bullet under the condition that a "commotio cordis" or exceeding the safe specific energy of 0.5 J/mm2, should be even less than 90 m/s, which further reduces the degree of possibility of inertial penetration of the electrode into the biotarget through a layer of clothing, especially dense or leather.

The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B also lies in the fact that it cannot use the circuitry solution according to FIG, which is effective in terms of biological effect on the target. 9 [5] due to the fact that FIG. 8A and 8V the volume of the battery or accumulator pos. 100 together with storage capacitor pos. 104 and the arrester pos.106 should occupy no more than 1/4 of the volume of the sleeve (like battery pos. 80) due to the fact that 2/4 of the volume of the sleeve is used only to accommodate the inserted electrodes, and about 1/4 is occupied by the volume of the powder charge. With such a small ratio of the volume of a bullet with an electronic shocking part (mainly with the volume of a power source (battery) with a total volume of a standard pistol cartridge of 9x19 Par, it is impossible to obtain the physiological effect on the target specified in the patent [5], even under the condition of a large current loop which, as indicated above, is already so small (only 9-10 mm).

In the patent [5], in a critique of analogues (Shimizu devices), it is noted: "The above devices are not particularly effective, which can be confirmed by the fact that none of them was very successful in the commercial market. "Patent [5], owned by company Taser International (Axon Enterprise Inc.), just like the Shimizu device, did not have any success in the commercial market (although the specified company, the world's leading electroshock weapon, had all the possibilities of both the technical embodiment of the patent [5] and all the possibilities commercial introduction to the world market), which can serve as decisive evidence of the impossibility of obtaining at least any efficiency of the electroshock bullet according to the patent [5]. Even prototypes of such a bullet are not known.

The total internal volume of a 9x19 Raga cartridge with a bullet is about 2 cm3. The energy source (battery) of the bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B occupies about 1/10 of the volume of the cartridge, that is, 0.2 cm3 (0.0002 l.). With an energy density of modern lithium batteries and accumulators of about 800 W h / l (or about 250 W h / kg), the amount of electricity contained in a battery with a volume of 0.0002 l will be 0.16 W h. At a voltage of 15 V supplied by the power source and specified in [5] as the minimum voltage to hold the biotarget, the battery capacity will be 10 mAh. With an allowable short-term discharge current for lithium batteries of 50C, a battery of the indicated capacity with a small anode and cathode area can deliver a current of 0.5 A for 1-2 s, after which the output current will sharply decrease and will not be of interest for the task of electrocutting a biotarget. However, a current of 0.5 A at an initial battery potential of 15 V is not possible at all with the generally accepted biotarget resistance of 1000 Ω [6], and can be only from 15 mA to a maximum of 25 mA, which, with an insignificant current loop and an insignificant voltage of 15 V per load cannot have an effective physiological effect, causing not only the immobilization of the target, but even the initial stop of the target. The magnitude of the damaging current of commercial stun guns of 3 mA indicated in the patent does not have convincing force at all, since such a magnitude of current has a physiological effect only with impulses at a load of 1000 ohms in the range of 1500-2000 V, which are completely unattainable at the indicated current strength (i.e. output power of a bullet as much as 4.5-6 W, which is an indicator of the output power of overall stun guns, including police ones [7], with powerful power sources.The scheme according to Fig. 5 is absolutely inapplicable in a 9 mm caliber bullet, due to the physical impossibility of obtaining, at least to some extent, an output power acceptable for hitting a target when using a step-up transformer and a Latour-Delon-Grenachere voltage multiplier due to losses in the transformer and the multiplier itself, and besides, the practical uselessness for electroshock defeat even powerful voltage multipliers.

The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B also lies in the fact that the shape of the bullet, which does not have a cylinder-ogival part, does not allow it to be sent into the chamber of a standard short-barreled semi-automatic firearm due to the inevitable sticking of a cartridge with such a shape of the bullet head at the entrance to the chamber of the weapon. This limits the use of the prototype bullet only in revolver-type short-barreled weapons, which are currently no longer used by law enforcement officers in Europe, and in the United States are occasionally used only as a "second" weapon bought at their own expense.

The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B also lies in the fact that when the power supply of the bullet is turned on by acceleration, it is possible to turn on the electric circuit of the bullet when the cartridge hits with the bullet when it falls to the ground, for example, when loading, carrying cartridges in weapons or magazines, etc. Even if the electrodes of the bullet are not closed by the biotarget, in this case the discharge of the power supply is inevitable due to current leakage in the bullet capacitors continuing until the power supply is completely discharged during long-term storage.

The disadvantage of the prototype bullet also lies in the fact that it cannot be used when firing from a standard semi-automatic firearm due to the fact that, when the target is necessary to prevent mechanical injuries, the bullet must have a low initial speed, and accordingly, the cartridge of a firearm must have a small impulse, that is, a weakened powder charge, which is not enough for the normal functioning of automatic weapon reloading. Thus, the use of the prototype bullet would be limited only to use in non-automatic police firearms in the short-barreled version in revolvers, and in the long-barreled version in a rifle (for example, with a bolt-action or pump-action, or brace reloading). At the same time, the standard (regular) short-barreled firearms used on a daily basis and in the vast majority of cases in almost all countries of the world, except for an insignificant number of underdeveloped countries, is a semi-automatic pistol, not a revolver. This means that the prototype bullet is completely unsuitable for use in law enforcement.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem is to create an electroshock bullet with increased biotarget immobilization efficiency compared to the prototype, and a cartridge for its use in semi-automatic pistols and long-barreled weapons.

The technical result consists in solving the specified technical problem.

The specified technical result is achieved in a small-caliber electroshock pool containing a body, a power source, a switch, a DC voltage converter of the power source into alternating or impulse voltage, a shock absorber, electrodes in the form of needles, characterized in that a battery is located inside the body, recruited from thin-film microvoltaic cells, batteries or supercapacitors with separate elements made in the form of a disk with a hole along the axis of the disk, or a battery in the form of a plurality of cylinders with separate elements for generating or storing electricity inside, placed radially around the body axis; inside the housing, along the axis of the housing body, there is an axial conductive needle with an electrically insulating coating along the length of the needle and an uncoated front end and an inertial or pyrotechnic device for extending the needle outside the body of the housing when throwing a bullet or after the bullet hits the target.

The switch is made of inertial-rotary type or inertial type, or push type, or pyrotechnic type. The needle advance device is an inertial weight fixed on the rear end of the needle.

The needle extension device is a pyrotechnic charge initiated by a shock-inertial method or using a pyrotechnic retarder, in turn initiated by hot gases of a bullet throwing powder charge, and a piston is located at the rear end of the needle.

The needle is made of tungsten or tungsten alloy with nickel, copper or silver plating.

The DC/DC converter of the power supply is mounted in a rack containing SMD capacitors and an SMD gas spark gap.

The DC/DC converter of the power supply is mounted in a rack containing SMD capacitors and a solid state DC/AC inverter.

The axial needle has an electrically insulating coating along the length of the needle, and the front end is uncoated with a device for attaching to the target in the form of at least one beard, and at the rear end of the bullet a metal coating is applied over the electrically insulating coating or a thin-walled tube is fixed, while the needle and the metal coating or thin-walled the tube is mutually insulated.

At the front end of the housing, a shock absorber is fixed in the form of an easily fluid in the shell or gel-like body.

It has an ogive multi-lobe split head made of elastic or brittle material.

The axial conductive needle has a fixing device on the target in the form of at least one beard.

The specified technical result is also achieved in an electroshock cartridge containing a cartridge case, a propellant powder charge, an electroshock bullet, characterized in that at the front end of the shell forming the shell it has at least one radial hole passing through the wall of the shell, inside the shell of the shell there is a driving cylinder with one the bottom facing the bottom of the liner and having at least one hole in the bottom of the cylinder shell, the cylinder shell has at least one radially springy mustache stamped on the generatrix of its diameter, which interacts with the counter radial hole of the liner shell when the driving cylinder is extended from the liner shell, in the driving cylinder is placed electroshock bullet. The bullet has a protrusion at its rear end with a shock-igniter percussion composition applied to it, and the sleeve is made with a thinning of the bottom in the center.

The sleeve is made with an inner cylindrical non-conical surface and without a primer seat.

The bullet is connected to the driving cylinder with the possibility of disconnecting with it at a certain pressure of the gases of the powder charge.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 - A section of a bullet with an inertial extension of the needle until it hits the target.

Fig. 2 - A section of a bullet with an inertial extension of the needle after the bullet hits the target.

Fig. 3 - A section of a bullet with a pyrotechnic percussion initiated extension of the needle until it hits the target.

Fig. 4 - A section of a bullet with a pyrotechnic percussion initiated extension of the needle after the bullet hits the target.

Fig. 5 - A section of a bullet with a pyrotechnic needle retarder before hitting the target.

Fig. 6 - A section of a bullet with a pyrotechnic needle retarder after the retarder is triggered when the bullet hits the target.

Fig. 7 - A section of a bullet with a single needle and inertial extension of the needle until it hits the target.

Fig. 8 - Section of a bullet with a single needle and inertial extension of the needle after the bullet hits the target.

Fig. 9 - Section of a cartridge equipped with a bullet with an inertial extension of the needle.

Fig. 10 - Section of the cartridge during the shot.

Fig. 11 - Appearance and section of the cartridge compared to the standard cartridge 9x19 Raga (9 mm NATO).

Fig. 12 is an illustrative electromechanical diagram of the bullet of FIG. 1-6.

Fig. 13 is an illustrative electromechanical diagram of the bullet according to FIG. 7.

Implementation of the invention

Fig. 1. A bullet with an inertial extension of the needle consists of a thin-walled metal case 1 with a leading belt 2, a cylinder 3 made of predominantly polymeric material, an inertial disk 4, a contact pad 5, a battery or battery assembly (assembly) 6 (power supply), a capacitor- converting assembly 7 with barbed needles 8, cover 9, shock absorber 10, multi-petal ogival split head I, central conductive needle which consists of a body 12 with a pointed front end with barbs, an insulating coating 13 and a weighting agent 14 connected to the body 12 made of metal with high density (for example, tungsten). The body 12 of the metal needle is covered with a thin layer of electrical insulation 13 (for example, fluoroplastic varnish or coating, oxide, phosphate or ceramic coating) with a coating thickness of 0.01-0.1 mm. It is possible to use as a coating a thin-walled tube made of electrically insulating material, for example, heat-shrinkable. The diameter of the needle, together with the electrical insulation 13, does not exceed 0.8-1 mm, corresponding to the usual diameters of medical syringe needles. The battery or accumulator 6 in this embodiment and in real scale (production drawing) is assembled from 7 pieces of composite individual cylindrical elements placed radially around the cylinder 3 (body axis) and connected in series, with 7 pieces. individual predominantly thin-film or three-dimensional microvoltaic cells or batteries in each cylinder, also connected in series, that is, from a total of 49 cells, which in total, when using lithium cells, gives a voltage of about 3.7-4.2 V x 49 = 180-206 V.

The central needle with the weighting agent 14 can move inside the cylinder 3. The inner diametral surface of the housing 1 is covered with an electrically insulating thin layer to prevent the connection of the outer surfaces of individual battery cells with the housing. The capacitor-converter assembly 7 consists of a stack 15 of printed circuit boards on which predominantly ceramic SMD capacitors 16 are mounted and a converter that converts the direct voltage of the batteries or accumulators into an alternating or pulsed voltage of an electric current that strikes the target. In a simple case, a Pearson-Anson relaxation generator circuit is used as a converter. As a gas arrester 17 of such a circuit, for example, gas SMD arresters with an ignition voltage of 75 V can be used, for example, type ZD2R75TP1 with housing dimensions 4, 5x3, 2x2, 7 mm, SD4-75 with housing dimensions 3.5x5, 4x4, 4 etc. "ceramic smart spark gap". In other versions of the bullet, if increased voltage is required, solid-state converters mounted in a bookcase 15 are used (for example, in the simplest case, a step-up converter with an SMD inductance (for example, type LQH32MN101J, 100 μH, 1210 (Murata Manufacturing) or DC/AC converters without output boost.

The inertial disk 4 located in the housing 1 is made of heavy metal (for example, copper, bronze, lead alloy) and has two isolated pads, to which, in the idle state of the bullet, the spring contacts of the contact pad 5 are connected to the pole of the battery or accumulator 6. Current the battery in this state does not enter the capacitor-converting assembly 7. The shock absorber 10 located in the multi-petal ogival split head 11 is made of a gel-like material of the Flubber or Slime type (dimethylsiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane). The shock absorber can also be a liquid of one or another viscosity enclosed in an easily destructible shell, for example, from a polymer or gelatin film. The head 11 is made mainly of a brittle polymeric material, which is easily destroyed under the action of a shock absorber that is deformable and extends to the sides when it hits a target, but can also be made of an elastically elastic material such as cast polymers. The function of the multi-petal ogival split head 11 and partly of the shock absorber 10 also consists in protecting the user's fingers from pricking with needles when using bullets and cartridges equipped with such bullets when loading and unloading the weapon magazine with cartridges, and ensuring the supply (sending) of the bullet into the chamber of the weapon .

Fig. 2 Section of a bullet with inertial extension of the needle after the bullet hits the target. When a bullet is fired from a rifled barrel, the body 1 of the bullet receives rotation, and the disk 4, due to its rest inertia, retains its initial position for a certain time, while the spring contacts of the contact pad 5 rigidly connected to the body rotate relative to the isolated areas of the disk, closing on its conductive body. In this case, the current of the battery or accumulator 6 is supplied to the capacitor-converting assembly 7, and, accordingly, the bullet is in an operating state waiting to hit the target. Such an inertial-rotational device for switching on the power supply, which is switched on only when the bullet passes through the rifled barrel of the weapon, protects the bullet from battery discharge to the operation (or standby state) of the capacitor-converter assembly 7, as well as from abnormal switching on of the bullet when cartridges with bullets fall during use . When a bullet hits the target, the shock absorber 10 is deformed, absorbing the energy of the bullet hitting the target and, spreading out to the sides, destroys or opens the petals of the head 11 to the sides, while ensuring free penetration of the needles 8 connected to the first pole capacitor-converting assembly 7v purpose. The length of the needles 8 in real scale in the drawing reaches 5-8 mm with a diameter of 0.5-0.8 mm. Since the shock absorber material predominantly does not have elastic reshaping properties, or has such properties to a very small extent, the needles 8 do not leave the target due to the elastic rebound of the bullet body. Simultaneously with the impact of the bullet on the target, the weighting agent 14, together with the body 12 of the needle, moves forward in cylinder 3 due to inertia, while the needle, vigorously moving out of the body of the bullet, enters the target and, by the end of the stroke in cylinder 3, is locked by a conical expansion of the rear end in the axial hole covers 9, providing galvanic contact of the body 12 with the second pole of the capacitor-converter assembly 7 and the biotarget. The impulse of the introduction of the needle into the biotarget with the weight of the tungsten weighting agent 14 (diameter 3 mm, length 4 mm) in real scale in the drawing will be 0.01134 kg m/s, and compared with the impulse of the prototype bullet electrodes [5] (FIG. 8A and 8B ) in 0.0009 kg m/s will be 12.6 times greater, i.e. in order. It is advisable to make the body 12 of the needle of tungsten or tungsten alloy, preferably nickel, copper or silver plated for better electrical conductivity. The execution of the actual body 12 of heavy metals allows you to further increase the momentum of the introduction of the needle into the biotarget.

The length of the needle body 12 introduced into the body of the biotarget in real scale reaches 24 mm. Even when a bullet impacts a biotarget in clothing, the conductive end of the needle reaches the hypodermis and subcutaneous tissue of the biotarget's body, providing a current loop of at least 15–20 mm between the non-insulated end of the central needle that has penetrated into the body of the biotarget and needles 8. In this case, the electrical discharges generated by the transducer assembly 7 and acting directly on deeper tissues rich in nerve endings, much more than the epidermis, which is affected by all types of contact electroshock devices, cause no less strong tonic-clonic reaction and "Electro-Muscular Disruption" (electromuscular disorder) than in contact electroshock devices. devices with a larger current loop, but acting only on the epidermis.

Fig. 3. A bullet with a pyrotechnic percussion initiated extension of the needle consists of the same basic parts as the bullet in Fig.1, but in the cavity of the protrusion of the bottom of the body there is a drummer 18 mainly made of heavy metal (for example, tungsten) and a small percussion pyrotechnic composition 19. Battery or accumulator 6 recruited from predominantly thin-film microvoltaic cells or batteries with separate galvanic cells made in the form of a disk 20 with a hole along the axis of the disk (washer). Galvanic battery cells are recruited on cylinder 3 inside which the central needle 12 connected to the piston 21 can move. In FIG. 3 shows 20 flat lithium cells connected in series. With a single cell voltage of about 4.2 V, the total voltage of the 20 cells shown in the real scale figure is 84 V. The drawing shows a type of conventional flat watch batteries. The use of thin-film batteries or rechargeable batteries, for example, lithium (ultra thin film lithium- ion battery [8]), which have an energy density 2.5 times higher than conventional lithium batteries and a smaller thickness, and a new type of organic thin-film batteries (super- ultra-extra thin ) “Organic Radical Battery” [9]) (which allows you to have a battery voltage proportional to the increase in the number of individual elements, i.e. from a decrease in the thickness of an individual element) much more than the mentioned 84 V) allows you to increase the efficiency of hitting a biotarget by hundreds of percent due to an increase in several times acting voltages (and, accordingly, voltage amplitudes on the biotarget) and currents. Meanwhile, compared with the batteries of the description of FIG. 1, the current supplied by the apertured disk battery greatly exceeds the current supplied by the batteries of FIG. 1, since the area of each individual such element is many times larger, and in addition, the fill factor of the volume of the power supply compartment for disks with a hole is many times higher than for the batteries according to Fig. 1. In the proposed pool, in addition, an increase in its internal volume is achieved in comparison with the prototype due to the increased volume of the sleeve (see the description of the cartridge below). The general increase in volume makes it possible to increase the volume of the source of electricity, and hence to increase the output energy characteristics of the bullet. It is also possible to use thin-film supercapacitors [10], for example, graphite ones. The use of power sources in the form of flat disks with holes along the axis gives the highest possible filling factor of the volume of the inventive bullet. Due to the large values of the self-discharge current of supercapacitors, and hence the short shelf life of bullets in a charged state, it is advisable to supply bullets on supercapacitors that are not intended for patronage (for example, for use with pneumatic weapons with separate bullet loading) with leads for recharging located mainly behind or on the side of the bullet body .

Fig. 4. When a bullet is fired, an inertial-rotational device for turning on the power source is triggered and then the bullet hits the target, braking on the target of its body with the introduction of needles 8 into the target, crushing the shock absorber 10 and destroying or opening the petals of the head 11. The piston 21 is fixed in the cylinder 3 with with some tightness and when the bullet hits the target, it practically does not budge along with the body of the needle 12. The drummer 18, continuing to move by inertia, pierces the percussion pyrotechnic composition 19, which, igniting, throws the piston 21 with the body 12 of the needle along the cylinder 3. The charge of the composition is selected quantitatively so that his energy was not enough to destroy the structure of the bullet. In this case, the needle, vigorously moving out of the body of the bullet, is introduced into the body of the biotarget at a momentum significantly exceeding the inertial extension of the needle, as in a pool with an inertial extension of the needle according to Fig. 1. The impact energy of the impactor 18 (its weight), the shape of the impact (prick) part, the sensitivity of the pyrotechnic composition 19 is selected in such a way that the composition cannot be pricked when a cartridge with a bullet falls onto a solid concrete or steel base from a height of less than 1.5 m, but at the same time it was reliably initiated when a bullet hit a biological target in clothes at the maximum firing distances of the weapon for using cartridges with the claimed bullet. The connection of the poles of the capacitor-converter assembly 7 with the biotarget occurs in the same way as in the description of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5. A pyrotechnic bullet with a needle retarder consists of the main parts as in FIG. 1, but the body 12 of the needle is connected to the piston 21, and a glass 22 with a pyrotechnic retarding composition 23 and a igniter hole 24 and a small propellant pyrotechnic composition 25 are pressed into the cavity of the protrusion of the bottom of the housing.

Fig. 6. The bullet can have several modes of needle advance, depending on the slowdown time of its advance. For example, one mode is carried out with a minimum deceleration of the extension of the needle. When accelerating a bullet in the barrel of a firearm, the fire impulse from the operation of the propellant charge of the cartridge with the bullet through the igniter holes 26 ignites the retarding composition 23 of a short delay, which almost instantly transmits the fire impulse to the propellant pyrotechnic composition 25, which in turn, igniting, throws the piston 21 with the body 12 needles along cylinder 3. In this case, the needle, depending on the set deceleration time, can move out of the bullet body 1 even when it passes through the barrel of the firearm, and the bullet flies to the target with the needle already advanced forward of the body. Another mode is carried out with the maximum slowdown in the extension of the needle. When accelerating a bullet in the barrel of a firearm, the fire impulse from the operation of the propellant charge of the cartridge with the bullet through the igniter holes 26 ignites the retarding composition 23 of a long delay, which after a certain time transmits the fire impulse to the propellant pyrotechnic composition 25, which in turn, igniting, throws the piston 21 with body 12 needles cylinder 3. In this case, the needle, depending on the set deceleration time, can move out of the bullet body 1 at a certain distance from the bullet to the target, and with a known distance to the target and a known drop in bullet speed, it is possible to calculate the deceleration time until the needle extends almost upon contact with the target. That is, a bullet in this mode flies to the target with the needle not yet advanced forward of the body or advanced only at a certain distance from the muzzle of the weapon. And in this case, the needle extended from the body of the bullet penetrates into the body of the biotarget at a momentum significantly exceeding the inertial extension of the needle, as in the pool with the inertial extension of the needle according to Fig. 1 as the needle is embedded in the target of the impulses of the entire attached mass of the bullet. The operation of the inertial-rotary device for turning on the power supply of the bullet during firing does not differ from that described in Fig. 2. The connection of the poles of the capacitor-converter assembly 7 with the biotarget occurs in the same way as in the description of FIG. 2.

Fig. 7. A bullet with a single needle and inertial extension of the needle consists of almost the same basic parts as in Fig.1, but has a whatnot 27, devoid of needles 8 (in Fig. 1), a spiral 28 (as shown in Fig.4) or other the shape of the laying of the soft (not elastic) conductor, and changed in comparison with the details of FIG. 1 weighting agent 29, 30, electrical insulation layer 31, as well as an electrically conductive metal coating 32 (or a thin-walled metal tube), moreover, the coating or tube is rigidly connected (for example, glued) with the weighting agent 29 and the electrical insulation layer 31, which in turn is rigidly connected to the body 30 needles. The rear end of the needle is connected to one end of the helix conductor 28, but the needle is separated by a layer of electrical insulation 3 1 from the electrically conductive metal coating 32. The second end of the helix conductor 28 is welded to the body 1 in its rear ledge. Cover 32 and housing 1 are not galvanically connected. It is possible to execute a bullet with a single needle both with inertial needle extension, and with pyrotechnic shock-initiated extension of the needle or with pyrotechnic with a needle extension retarder as in Fig. 3 and FIG. 5. In this case, the helix 28 is laid around the striker and the firing composition of FIG. 3 or around the retarder and propellant of FIG. 5. Due to the fact that the spiral is made of metal, the combustion gases of pyrotechnic compositions, when the needle is extended, do not violate the strength or integrity of the spiral due to the short duration of the action. In this case, the general scheme of action of a single needle, described below, remains unchanged.

Fig. 8. Operation of the inertial-rotary device for turning on the power supply of the bullet during firing does not differ from that described in FIG. 2. When when the bullet hits the target, the shock absorber 10 is deformed, absorbing the energy of the bullet hitting the target and spreading out to the sides, destroys or opens the petals of the head 11 to the sides, while ensuring the free exit of the body 30 of the needle connected to one pole of the capacitor-converting assembly (spiral 28 with a metal case 1 ) to the target from body 1. The length of the complete exit of the body 30 of the needle with its diameter of 0.8 mm (coated 32) from body 1 reaches 23 mm. Simultaneously with the impact of the bullet on the target, the weighting agent 29, together with the body 30 of the needle, moves forward in cylinder 3 due to inertia, while the needle vigorously moving out of the body of the bullet enters the target and, by the end of the stroke in cylinder 3, is locked by a slightly conical expansion made on the coating 32 (or thin-walled metal tube) of the rear end of the needle in the axial hole of the cover 33 of the body isolated from the body 1 (in contrast to the covers 9 galvanically connected to the body 1 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 and Fig. 5) providing galvanic contact of the coating 32 with the pole of the capacitor-converting assembly and biotarget. The second pole (body 1 of the bullet) is connected to the biotarget through a spiral 28 stretched inside the cylinder 3 connected to the body 30 of the needle. Spiral 28 is made of soft annealed copper or nickel wire in order to eliminate the loss of momentum of the retractable needle due to stretching of the spiral wire. In this case, a damaging current loop is formed in the body of the biotarget between the coating 32 that has penetrated into the body as part of the extended needle and the end of the body 30 of the needle with a pointed front end with barbs. The length of the needle body 12 introduced into the body of the biotarget in real scale reaches 24 mm.

In embodiments of the inventive bullet, it may not have a bottom protrusion, in which, in the figures shown, there is an inertial load and elements of shock extension and slowing down of the extension of the central conductive needle. These elements can be located in the cylinder 3 that does not extend beyond the plane of the main (caliber) bottom of the bullet. However, the use of a protrusion makes it possible to increase the length of the retractable central needle, as well as to use a system of central ignition of a powder charge without a primer socket, as will be discussed below in the description of a cartridge with an electric shock bullet.

Fig. 9. A section of a cartridge loaded with a bullet with an inertial extension of the needle according to FIG. 1. The cartridge consists of a sleeve 34 having at the front end of the generatrix of its shell radial passing through the wall of the shell through holes 35 elongated along the axis of the sleeve and rounded closer to the mouth of the sleeve, a running cylinder 36 with a bottom facing the bottom of the sleeve and having a hole 37 in the bottom, the shell cylinder 36 has radial springy mustaches stamped through on the generatrix of its diameter 38 which, unbending, can fall into the reciprocal holes 35 of the sleeve when the cylinder 36 is extended from the sleeve, an electric shock bullet 39 is placed inside the driving cylinder, the protrusion of the bottom of which passes through the hole 37 in the bottom of the cylinder 36, in the recess of the bottom of the protrusion of the bullet, which is actually a capsule anvil, there is a shock-igniting pyrotechnic composition 40, and between the bottom of the sleeve and the bottom of the electroshock bullet 39, a propelling powder charge 41 is placed around the protrusion of the bottom of the bullet (powder grains are not shown due to the worse opportunity to consider other details of the device when they are depicted). When equipping (assembling) the cartridge, the cylinder 36 is inserted into the sleeve 34 with the spring mustache 38 being tightened, which remain in the composition of the cartridge during storage in a stressed state. The hole 37 is predominantly cylindrical, but may also have a different shape (for example, a polyhedron) corresponding to the shape of the protrusion of the bottom of the bullet body, if any. Holes 37 can also be several (that is, the transmission of a pressure pulse to the bottom of the bullet can be done through several holes) and their location can be misaligned with the axis of the sleeve, if the bullet does not have a bottom protrusion.

Fig. 10. When fired, the cartridge is initiated by the impact of the striker of the weapon on the center of the bottom of the cartridge case 34, which may have a slight thinning of the bottom for better penetration of the striker into the bottom of the cartridge case to break the shock-igniter composition against the anvil of the protrusion of the bullet. The striker, pushing through the bottom of the sleeve (without breaking the material of the sleeve), breaks the shock-igniter composition 40 between the bottom of the sleeve and the bottom of the protrusion of the bullet 39. The force of the flame of the composition 40 ignites the powder charge 41, which, when ignited, exerts pressure on the bottom of the driving cylinder 36 and simultaneously on the bottom of the protrusion of the bullet 39 Due to the larger area of the effective pressure of the powder gases on the cylinder 36, together with the bullet 38, it first moves out of the sleeve 34, while the springy whiskers 38 at the end of the stroke of the cylinder in the sleeve fall into the holes 35 of the sleeve and, unbending under the action of a spring force, lock the cylinder 36 in the sleeve without letting it move out of the sleeve completely. The ends of the mustache 38 and reciprocal holes 35 of the sleeve are rounded to optimize breaking forces during high-speed locking, reducing the stress concentration in the sleeve at the points of impact of the mustache into the edge of the hole facing the muzzle of the sleeve. During the actual operation of a firearm, cylinder 36 actually remains in place in the chamber of the weapon, since its front end, which plays the role of the mouth of a conventional cartridge case, rests against the ledge of the barrel of the weapon (the ledge of the stop of the neck of the cartridge case) in the bullet entrance. Only the sleeve 34 itself moves relative to the weapon, pushing the bolt of the weapon. When the sleeve 34 begins to move, it imparts some momentum to the shutter of a semi-automatic weapon (for example, a pistol). On some way forward of the cylinder from the sleeve, the bullet, under the influence of pressure exerted on its bottom by the exiting in the hole, also begins to move forward along the barrel, and then its protrusion leaves the hole 37, completely opening access to the powder gases formed in the sleeve to the pool, while the pressure on the bullet itself increases, continuing its acceleration in the barrel. In a particular design of the cartridge, the protrusion of the rear end of the bullet can have both free movement in the hole 37, and have a fit in the hole 37 with a certain tightness (fitting force) to control the moment when the powder gases access the pressure to the full area of the bottom of the bullet to obtain the resulting action as for the operation of automatic weapons, and for giving the bullet the necessary speed of movement. The shutter, which received an impulse of movement and captured the sleeve 34 with the ejector, moves back, the bullet 38 continues to move along the barrel of the weapon. When locking the cylinder 36 in the sleeve, the shutter, continuing to move back, removes the sleeve with the cylinder extended from it and, reaching the rear position, ejects the sleeve with the cylinder using the weapon reflector. At this time, the bullet is already flying out of the barrel and flying towards the target.

The cartridge case has the outer dimensions of standard pistol or revolver cartridges, but is made mainly of steel (although brass is not excluded) and mostly thin-walled like steel cartridge cases of .22 LR cartridges due to the low pressure of the powder gases developed during firing, that is, the propellant charge is small in size. compared with the powder charge of combat pistols and revolvers. By reducing the thickness of the bottom of the case and the thickness of the walls of the rear part of the case (thin-walled case without conical narrowing of the inner generatrix to the bottom of the case) compared to cases for central combat firearms, which have an internal taper of the case material to withstand the high pressure of a normal powder charge, the internal volume increases cartridge case, which allows you to accommodate a bullet of a larger volume than a bullet of military firearms. In the claimed cartridge, the volume of the propellant (powder charge) is significantly reduced, since the cartridge is designed for non-lethal effects while providing a bullet throwing at a low initial speed (40-80 m/s) to prevent serious mechanical injuries of the biotarget when a bullet hits it at close range. Also, to increase the volume of the cartridge, a central fire igniter primer is used, formed by the bottom of the cartridge case and the protrusion of the bottom of the bullet body facing inside the cartridge case. In the cartridge case of a standard firearm, the primer socket occupies a significant volume of the cartridge case. The pyrotechnic igniter composition is located in the protrusion of the bullet, which also serves as a primer anvil. The powder charge is placed around the protrusion of the bottom of the bullet. At the same time, due to the expanding design of the sleeve, transmitting an impulse to the bolt of the weapon at the moment of the greatest pressure of the powder gases, even a reduced powder charge that gives a small impulse to the bullet is enough to activate the automatic reloading of the weapon. At the same time, some standard semi-automatic pistols for the use of the claimed bullets and cartridges may use a weakened or remote forced locking system acting only with a blowback and (and) have a weakened shutter return spring.

The bullet can be used both in firearms that have cartridges with cartridge cases, including semi-automatic pistols and revolvers, and in pneumatic weapons that do not have cartridges and, accordingly, cartridge cases, except for the version of the bullet with a pyrotechnic with a needle retarder until it hits the target. The figures above show a bullet and cartridge in the dimensions of the 9x19 Raga cartridge (9 mm NATO), however, it is more expedient, with the bullet and cartridge unchanged, to produce it in the dimensions of large caliber cartridges, such as: .40 S&W; 10><25mm, Auto; .45 ASR. The use of the inventive bullets and cartridges in such calibers makes it possible to simplify the manufacturability of production due to the need for less miniaturization of parts and components.

Fig. 11. External and sectional view of the cartridge in real scale compared to the standard cartridge 9x19 Raga (9 mm NATO).

Fig. 12. Visual electromechanical diagram of the bullet according to FIG. 1-6. The bullet is shown with the inertial-rotary device switched on and the needle extended when the bullet hits the target. In this case, the positions on the figure indicate the following elements: power source 42 (battery or accumulator), conductor 43 (bullet body), contacts 44 of the inertial-rotary power switch, whatnot 45, with capacitors 46 and a gas discharger 47, needle 48 (needle 8 in Fig. 1), a coated needle 49 (coated needle body 12 13 in Fig. 1), a weighting agent 50 (weighting agent 14 in Fig. 1) and an inertial disk 51 (inertial disk 4 in Fig. 1).

Fig. 13. Visual electromechanical diagram of the bullet according to Fig.4. A bullet with an inertial-rotary device turned on and a needle extended when the bullet hits the target. In this case, the positions on the figure indicate the following elements: power source 42 (battery or accumulator), conductor 43 (bullet body), contacts 44 of the inertial-rotary power supply device, whatnot 45, with capacitors 46 and gas discharger 47, needle 52 (needle body 30 with cover 31 of Fig. 7) and cover 53 (cover 32 or metal tube of Fig. 7), weighting compound 54 (weighting compound 29 in Fig. 7), coil 55 (coil 28 in Figure 7), cap 56 (cap 33 in Figure 8).

In versions of the claimed bullet, the power supply can be turned on not only by an inertial-rotary type switch, but also by an inertial-type switch based on moving the mass of the body of the contactor to the contacts or moving parts and assemblies of the bullet itself to the contacts of the contactor, but also using a push-to-action switch which is pressed by the pressure of throwing gases directly or through an intermediate part (membrane, piston), or by a pyrotechnic type switch in which the contacts are closed due to the burning out of the insulating pyrotechnic composition during firing or the action of gases of an additional pyrotechnic charge in the pool on the intermediate part (membrane, piston) and on to the switch.

List of cited sources:

1. Patent US7984676B1

2.https://www.thefireannblog.com/blog/2010/02/10/taser-xrep-up-close-and-p

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commotio_cordis

4. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/expert-taser-no-part-in-raoul-moat-death-2358513.html

5. Patent US5698815A

6. GOST R 50940-96 Electroshock devices.

7.Ladyagin Yu.O. "Remote electric shock weapon" M .: Publishing house of the Stalingrad Foundation, 2017, pp. 69-73.

8.https:// www. grepo w. com/page/ ultra-thin-battery .html https://www.fentcell.com/en product_show.php?id=158&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIg5P2x

NCZ7wIVDSwYChlQ9g77EAAYASAAEgJPzPD_BwE

9.https://www.androidauthority.com/nec-organic-radical-battery-71631/

10. https://www.vital-ic.conn/murata/item/688-murata-o-BbinvcKe-cvnepKOHfleHcaTopoB-c-

ultrathin-profile-dmh

Claims

Claim

1. A small-caliber electroshock bullet containing a body, a power source, a switch, a DC voltage converter of the power source into an alternating or pulsed voltage, a shock absorber, electrodes in the form of needles, characterized in that a battery is located inside the body, recruited from thin-film microvoltaic cells, batteries or supercapacitors with separate elements made in the form of a disk with a hole along the axis of the disk, or a battery in the form of a plurality of cylinders with separate elements for generating or storing electricity inside, placed radially around the axis of the housing; inside the housing, along the axis of the housing body, there is an axial conductive needle with an electrically insulating coating along the length of the needle and an uncoated front end and an inertial or pyrotechnic device for extending the needle outside the body of the housing when throwing a bullet or after the bullet hits the target.

2. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch is made of an inertial-rotary type or an inertial type, or a pressure type, or a pyrotechnic type.

3. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the needle extension device is an inertial weight attached to the rear end of the needle.

4. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the needle extension device is a pyrotechnic charge initiated by a shock-inertial method or with the help of a pyrotechnic retarder, in turn initiated by hot gases, a powder charge of throwing a bullet, and a piston is located at the rear end of the needle.

5. Electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the needle is made of tungsten or tungsten alloy with a nickel, copper or silver coating.

6. An electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC voltage converter of the power supply is mounted in a shelf containing SMD capacitors and an SMD gas discharger.

7. An electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the DC/DC converter of the power supply is mounted in a shelf containing SMD capacitors and a DC/AC solid-state inverter.

8. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial needle has an electrically insulating coating along the length of the needle, and the front end is uncoated with a device for attaching to the target in the form of at least one beard, and on the rear at the end of the bullet, a metal coating is applied over the electrical insulating coating or a thin-walled tube is fixed, while the needle and the metal coating or thin-walled tube are mutually insulated.

9. An electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that a shock absorber is fixed on the front end of the body in the form of an easily fluid in the shell or gel-like body.

10. Electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an ogive multi-leaf split head made of elastic or brittle material.

11. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial conductive needle has a device for attaching to the target in the form of at least one beard.

12. An electric shock cartridge containing a sleeve, a propellant powder charge, an electric shock bullet, characterized in that at the front end of the sleeve forming the shell, it has at least one radial hole passing through the wall of the shell, inside the shell of the sleeve there is a running cylinder with one bottom facing the the bottom of the liner and having at least one hole in the bottom of the cylinder shell, the cylinder shell has at least one radially springy mustache stamped on the generatrix of its diameter, which interacts with the reciprocal radial hole of the liner shell when the driving cylinder is extended from the liner shell, in the driving cylinder is placed electroshock bullet.

13. An electroshock cartridge according to claim 12, characterized in that the bullet has a protrusion at its rear end with a shock-igniter percussion composition applied to it, and the sleeve is made with a thinning of the bottom in the center.

14. Electroshock cartridge according to claim 12, characterized in that the sleeve is made with an internal cylindrical non-conical surface and without a capsule nest.

15. An electroshock cartridge according to claim 12, characterized in that the bullet is connected to the driving cylinder with the possibility of disconnecting from it at a certain pressure of the gases of the powder charge.