WO2022210609A1 - ロータコア、ロータ、および回転電機 - Google Patents
ロータコア、ロータ、および回転電機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022210609A1 WO2022210609A1 PCT/JP2022/015202 JP2022015202W WO2022210609A1 WO 2022210609 A1 WO2022210609 A1 WO 2022210609A1 JP 2022015202 W JP2022015202 W JP 2022015202W WO 2022210609 A1 WO2022210609 A1 WO 2022210609A1
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- hole
- rotor core
- length
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- inner space
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- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 91
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to rotor cores, rotors, and rotating electric machines.
- a permanent magnet In a permanent magnet embedded rotating electric machine such as an IPMSM (Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor), a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor core and a flux barrier is formed in the vicinity of the permanent magnet.
- a flux barrier is for controlling the flow of magnetic flux in a rotating electric machine and improving the characteristics of the rotating electric machine.
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2013-99047 discloses that a magnet insertion hole provided in a rotor core is communicated with the outer peripheral side of the rotor core, so that the magnetic flux emitted from the permanent magnet turns around the permanent magnet in the rotor core and is short-circuited. It is disclosed to prevent
- a rotor core of one aspect of the present disclosure includes a plurality of holes in which permanent magnets are installed, At least one of the plurality of holes is located on the leading side of the rotation direction in the left-right direction, which is the left-right direction with respect to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis that is the center of rotation.
- the first end is open to the outer peripheral surface, and the length of the opening in the circumferential direction is longer than the length of the second end in the circumferential direction,
- the hole with the first end open communicates with an inner space whose length in the width direction is equal to the length corresponding to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, and the inner space.
- a first outer space having the first end as one of the lateral ends of the hole and being wider than the inner space, The first end is arranged so as to be biased toward the tail side in the rotation direction with respect to the center position in the circumferential direction of the inner space at the position communicating with the first outer space.
- the torque of the rotating electric machine can be increased.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a first example of the configuration of a rotor, corresponding to the rotor in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first example of the configuration of a rotor core, corresponding to the rotor core in FIG. 2;
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the 1st example of inner space and the 1st outer space. It is a figure explaining an example of the difference in the flow of magnetic flux by the difference in the 1st edge part of a hole. It is a figure explaining an example of the difference in the flow of magnetic flux by the difference in the 1st edge part of a hole.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second example of the configuration of the rotor
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a second example of the configuration of the rotor core, and is a diagram for the rotor of FIG. 8; It is a figure explaining the 2nd example of inner space and 1st outer space.
- 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a rotor of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of a rotor of Comparative Example 2; FIG.
- the same length, position, size, interval, etc., compared objects are strictly the same, as well as those that differ within the scope of the present disclosure (for example, tolerances determined at the time of design that differ within the scope of Also, in each figure, the xyz coordinates indicate the orientation relationship in each figure. In the xyz coordinates, a symbol with a ⁇ inside a circle indicates that the direction from the back side to the front side of the paper surface is the positive direction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the IPMSM 100. As shown in FIG. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of IPMSM 100 taken perpendicular to the centerline O of IPMSM 100 (the axis of rotation of rotor 110). In FIG. 1, IPMSM 100 includes rotor 110 and stator 120 .
- the stator 120 includes a stator core 121 and stator coils (not shown), and is for generating a rotating magnetic field. 1, the stator coils provided in the stator 120 are omitted for the sake of complicating the notation, but the stator coils are arranged in the slots 122 of the stator core 121 (in FIG. only one of which is labeled).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of rotor 110. As shown in FIG. 2 is also a cross-sectional view of the rotor 110 taken perpendicularly to the centerline O of the rotor 110, similar to FIG. Note that the centerline O of the rotor 110 and the centerline O of the IPMSM 100 match.
- the rotor 110 includes a rotor core 111 and a plurality of permanent magnets 112 (here, one permanent magnet per pole).
- the rotor core 111 includes a soft magnetic portion, which is a portion of the rotor core 111 made of a soft magnetic material, and a plurality of holes.
- the soft magnetic body portion is configured, for example, by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates along the centerline O of the rotor 110 . However, it is not always necessary to configure the soft magnetic body portion by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel sheets.
- Rotor core 111 may be, for example, a dust core, an amorphous core, and a nanocrystalline core.
- the soft magnetic material portion provided in the rotor core 111 is configured using soft magnetic particles coated with insulation, an amorphous alloy, or a nanocrystalline alloy, respectively. be done.
- the rotor core 111 is formed with a plurality of holes extending in a direction parallel to the centerline O of the rotor core 111 (hereinafter simply referred to as the z-axis direction).
- the hole is a through hole penetrating in the z-axis direction.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a case where magnetic flux flows in and out from the magnetic pole faces 201 (201a, 201b) of the permanent magnet 112.
- the direction orthogonal to magnetic pole face 201 is magnetization direction Dm of permanent magnet 112.
- the radial direction is a direction radially extending on the xy plane from the centerline O (the rotation axis of the rotor 110).
- the flux barrier 113 does not contain any tangible material, and is a void (in other words, an air region).
- a flux barrier 113 is an area through which magnetic flux does not pass or is less likely to pass than the surrounding area. However, the flux barrier 113 may be provided with a non-magnetic material.
- holes 114 are formed in the rotor core 111 in addition to the flux barrier 113. As shown in FIG. The holes 114a to 114c are formed to function as flux barriers or to install rivets (not shown) or the like.
- the rivets are used, for example, to fix the rotor 110 to end plates (not shown) arranged at both ends of the rotor 110 in the z-axis direction.
- a hole 114d is formed through the rotor core 111 in the z-axis direction on the inner peripheral side of the rotor core 111 .
- a shaft (not shown) or the like is installed in the hole 114d.
- the shape of the cross section of the rotor 110 when cut perpendicular to the center line O of the rotor 110 (hereinafter referred to as the rotor cross section) is the same at any position in the z-axis direction of the rotor 110 , and the shape shown in FIG.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the case where the number of poles of the IPMSM 100 is four.
- the range of the double-headed arrow indicated as “1 pole” is the part that constitutes the 1 pole of the IPMSM 100 .
- One permanent magnet 112 is embedded per pole, and a total of four permanent magnets are embedded in the hole of rotor core 111 .
- the number of poles and the number and arrangement of permanent magnets 112 per pole are merely examples, and can be determined arbitrarily.
- FIG. 2 since the notation is complicated, only the portion that constitutes one pole of the rotor 110 is denoted by reference numerals, and the reference numerals for the other portions that constitute the three poles of the rotor 110 are omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the rotor core 111.
- FIG. 3 is also a cross-sectional view of rotor core 111 taken perpendicularly to center line O of rotor core 111, similar to FIGS. Note that the centerline O of the rotor core 111, the centerline O of the IPMSM 100, and the centerline O of the rotor 110 coincide.
- FIG. 3 like FIG. 2, only the portion forming one pole of the rotor core 111 is denoted by reference numerals, and the reference numerals for the portions forming the other three poles of the rotor core 111 are omitted.
- a rotor core 111 is formed with a hole 310 including a region occupied by a permanent magnet 112 (hereinafter referred to as magnet occupied region) and a region to be a flux barrier 113 .
- magnet occupied region a region occupied by a permanent magnet 112
- magnet occupied region a region occupied by a permanent magnet 112
- a flux barrier 113 a region to be a flux barrier 113 .
- at least one hole 310 is a permanent magnet.
- the left-right direction Ds of the hole 310 is the longitudinal direction of the hole 310 .
- the left-right direction Ds of the hole 310 is indicated by a double arrow line attached to the side of the hole 310 .
- the hole 310 does not open at the second end 312 on the side opposite to the first end 311 (in other words, the trailing side in the rotation direction of the rotor core 111).
- the leading side of the rotor core 111 in the rotational direction is simply referred to as the leading side
- the trailing side of the rotor core 111 in the rotating direction is simply referred to as the trailing side.
- the IPMSM 100 has four poles. As shown in FIG. 3, this embodiment illustrates a case where all four holes 310 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed are open at the first end 311 . However, at least one of the four holes 310 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed should be open at the first end 311 of the hole 310 . Moreover, the case where all the four holes 310 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed are not open at the second end portion 312 is illustrated. However, at least one of the four holes 310 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed should not be open at the second end 312 .
- FIG. 1 illustrates a case where the IPMSM 100 is an inner rotor type. Note that, as shown in FIG. 1 , the area of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 110 (rotor core 111 ) other than the hole 310 is the end surface of the rotor 110 (rotor core 111 ) facing the stator 120 with a gap therebetween.
- the leading side of the rotor core 111 in the rotational direction is the leading side of the permanent magnet 112 when viewed in the rotating direction of the rotor 110, and the trailing side of the rotor core 111 in the rotational direction is the permanent magnet 112. It is the position side of the tail of the .
- the leading position of the permanent magnet 112 when viewed in the direction of rotation of the rotor 110, is located on the side surface 202 of the permanent magnet 112, and the trailing position of the permanent magnet 112 is located at It is on the side 203 of the permanent magnet 112 .
- the rotor core 111 is arranged on the rotor 110 so that the leading side of the rotor core 111 in the rotation direction is on the side surface 202 side of the permanent magnet 112 , and the trailing side of the rotor core 111 in the rotation direction is on the side surface 203 side of the permanent magnet 112 .
- the side surfaces 202 and 203 of the permanent magnet 112 are the end surfaces of the magnetic pole surfaces 201 (201a and 201b) of the permanent magnet 112 in the direction orthogonal to the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112. It is an end face located at the end.
- hole 310 has an inner space 310a and a first outer space 310b.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the inner space 310a and the first outer space 310b.
- the inner space 310a has a width in the direction along the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 in the space forming the hole 310, and the length in the width direction corresponds to the length in the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112. It is a space that is almost constant and equal to the length L1.
- the permanent magnet 112 is installed in the inner space 310a.
- the widthwise length of the magnet-occupied region of the hole 310 is the same as the widthwise length L1 of the inner space 310a. Even if the length L1 in the width direction of the inner space 310 a is the same as the length in the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 , the length L1 in the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 is set to facilitate installation of the permanent magnet 112 in the hole 310 . It may be (slightly) longer than the length. In addition, in this embodiment, the case where the length of the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 is constant is illustrated. However, the length of the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 does not necessarily have to be constant. If the length of the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 is not constant, the length of the inner space 310a in the width direction must be equal to the length corresponding to the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 and made constant. good too.
- the width direction of the hole 310 is the left-right direction Ds of the hole 310 (the direction indicated by the double-headed arrow line attached to the side of the hole 310 in FIGS. 3 and 4) and the depth direction of the hole 310 (the z-axis direction of the rotor core 111). is a direction orthogonal to both of As described above, the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 is the direction indicated by the double arrow line crossing the permanent magnet 112 in FIG. coincides with the magnetization direction Dm of As shown in FIG. 3, in the general IPMSM 100, in the rotor core 111, the length of the hole 310 in the horizontal direction Ds in which the permanent magnet 112 is installed is longer than the length of the hole 310 in the width direction. The length in the left-right direction Ds of 310 may be the same as or shorter than the length in the width direction of hole 310 .
- the first outer space 310b is a space that connects the inner space 310a and the outside of the rotor core 111 among the spaces forming the hole 310 .
- the first outer space 310b is a space that communicates with the inner space 310a of the spaces forming the hole 310 and has the first end 311 of the hole 310 as one of the ends in the left-right direction Ds. Therefore, the end of the first outer space 310 b on the outer peripheral side (in other words, the end opposite to the side communicating with the inner space 310 a ) matches the first end 311 of the hole 310 .
- There is no outer space aft of inner space 310 a and the aft end coincides with second end 312 of bore 310 . That is, in the cross section of the rotor core, the second end 312 of the hole 310 is not open.
- the circumferential length of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is L2.
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is from the end point 401 on the leading side of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 to the end point 402 on the trailing side of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310. is the circumferential length in the direction toward the trailing side.
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 may approximate the width direction length of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 .
- the length in the width direction of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is a straight line between the end point 401 on the leading side of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 and the end point 402 on the trailing side of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310. Distance.
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end 311 of the hole 310 is longer than the widthwise length L1 of the inner space 310a.
- 5A, 5B, and 5C are diagrams for explaining the difference in magnetic flux flow due to the difference in the first end 311 of the hole 310.
- FIG. 5A, 5B, and 5C are conceptual representations of the magnetic flux indicated by the arrow lines, and for example, the length and number of the arrow lines do not necessarily correspond to the magnitude and density of the magnetic flux. do not have.
- FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C show an enlarged view near first end 311 of hole 310 when IPMSM 100 is in operation.
- FIG. 5A shows the flow of magnetic flux when it is assumed that first end 311 of hole 310 does not communicate with the outer peripheral surface of rotor core 111 . As shown in FIG.
- the region outside the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 becomes a soft magnetic material portion such as an electromagnetic steel plate, and the first end portion 311 of the hole 310
- the area inside the end portion 311 functions as a flux barrier
- the area of the soft magnetic material portion serves as a bridge portion, and a magnetic flux 501 is generated that circulates within the rotor core 111 without going to the stator core 121 . Therefore, the torque of IPMSM 100 cannot be sufficiently increased.
- FIG. 5B shows the flow of magnetic flux when the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is substantially the same as the widthwise length L1 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 .
- FIG. 5B when the first end 311 of the hole 310 is open, substantially no return magnetic flux occurs through the bridge portion as shown in FIG. 5A. Therefore, the circulating magnetic flux is inclined with respect to the radial direction of IPMSM 100 toward stator core 121 , thereby increasing the torque of IPMSM 100 .
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is short, there is a possibility that a magnetic flux passing through the flux barrier 113a is generated.
- the magnetic flux when the circumferential length L2 of the first end 311 of the hole 310 is longer than the widthwise length L1 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 shows the flow of
- the magnetic flux passing through the flux barrier 113a is reduced. can be more reliably reduced.
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end 311 of the hole 310 is reduced to the width of the inner space 310a. It is preferably longer than the directional length L1.
- 5C is closer to the head in the circumferential direction than the direction of the magnetic fluxes 502 and 503 shown in FIG. corresponding to being tilted). That is, when the magnetic flux density vector representing the magnetic fluxes 504 and 505 shown in FIG. B ⁇ increases. This has the effect of increasing the reluctance torque of IPMSM 100 and contributes to increasing the torque of IPMSM 100 .
- L is the height of the rotor core (the length in the z-axis direction).
- L is the lamination thickness of the electromagnetic steel sheet.
- R is the radius of the rotor core.
- ⁇ 0 is the magnetic permeability of vacuum.
- B r is the r component (ie, the radial component) of the magnetic flux density vector.
- B ⁇ is the ⁇ component (that is, the angular component) of the magnetic flux density vector.
- the counterclockwise direction toward the paper surface of FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C is the positive direction, which coincides with the rotation direction of the present embodiment.
- the torque T increases as the ⁇ component B ⁇ of the magnetic flux density vector increases.
- the first end 311 of the hole 310 is a wider area than the inner space 310a of the hole 310.
- the first end 311 of the hole 310 is biased toward the tail side in the circumferential direction with respect to the center position 403 of the inner space 310a at the position (boundary) communicating with the first outer space 310b.
- the circumferential center position 404 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is located on the tail side in the circumferential direction with respect to the circumferential center position 403 of the inner space 310a at the position communicating with the first outer space 310b.
- the circumferential center position 404 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is located on the tail side in the circumferential direction with respect to the extrapolation center position 406 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310.
- An extrapolation center position 406 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 is a straight line extending along the radial direction of the rotor core 111 from a center position 403 of the inner space 310a at a position (boundary) communicating with the first outer space 310b (see FIG. 4). 403 extending from the central position 403 ) and the first end 311 of the hole 310 .
- L3 is equal to or greater than L1 (L3 ⁇ L1) in the width direction of the inner space 310a.
- L1 L3 ⁇ L1
- the space recessed closer to the center line O than the outer peripheral surface of the other region of the rotor core 111 can be made larger on the rear side than the end point 405 on the rear side of the inner space 310a. Therefore, the number of magnetic flux density vectors having a large ⁇ component can be increased on the trailing side of the flux barrier 113a (the first outer space 310b).
- FIG. 4 exemplifies such a case.
- the circumferential length L4 in the direction toward the tail side from the rear end extrapolation position 407 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 to the end point 402 on the rear end of the first end 311 of the hole 310 is More preferably, the length of the space 310a in the width direction is equal to or greater than L1 (L4 ⁇ L1).
- the extrapolation position 407 of the trailing end point of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 is a straight line (Fig. 4 ) and the first end 311 of the hole 310 .
- the space recessed toward the center line O from the outer peripheral surface of the other region of the rotor core 111 can be further enlarged on the rear side of the end point 405 on the rear side of the inner space 310a. Therefore, it is possible to further increase the number of magnetic flux density vectors having a large ⁇ component on the trailing side of the flux barrier 113a (the first outer space 310b).
- FIG. 4 exemplifies such a case.
- the rear side wall surface 310W1 forming the rear side of the first outer space 310b in the rotation direction is perpendicular to the center line O (radial direction). ).
- the rear side wall surface 310W1 is formed such that the widthwise length of the hole 310 gradually increases toward the outer circumference.
- the trailing side wall surface 310W1 is curved in a concave shape. The concave curved portion formed on the rear side wall surface 310W1 may be at least part of the rear side wall surface 310W1.
- the rear side wall surface 310W1 is formed in a stepped shape so as to be concavely curved with respect to an imaginary straight line connecting the end points 402 and 405 .
- the stair may have a portion that intersects the imaginary straight line, but the portion on the trailing side and/or radially inner side of the imaginary straight line should be longer than the portion on the opposite side.
- the present disclosure is not limited to this configuration, and the rear sidewall surface 310W1 may be linear (matching the virtual straight line) or curved (a curved surface curved in an arc with respect to the virtual straight line).
- the trailing side wall surface 310W1 is inclined with respect to the direction (radial direction) perpendicular to the center line O, the magnetic resistance of the soft magnetic body portion on the trailing side of the first outer space 310b is reduced. Since it can be increased, magnetic flux density vectors with large positive ⁇ components can be increased. Thereby, the reluctance torque can be increased. Furthermore, by curving the trailing side wall surface 310W1 in a concave shape, the magnetic resistance of that portion can be further increased, so that the magnetic flux density vectors with large positive ⁇ components can be increased.
- the shape and radial length of the first outer space 310b are not limited to those shown in FIGS.
- the shape and radial length of the first outer space 310b are set so that the torque T of the IPMSM 100 is greater when the first outer space 310b is formed as described above than when the first outer space 310b is not formed. can be determined based on the results of electromagnetic field analysis for
- the second end 312 of the hole 310 does not communicate with the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core 111 (in other words, the end surface facing the stator 120 with a gap). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4 , the rear end of the inner space 310 a in the lateral direction Ds coincides with the second end 312 of the hole 310 .
- the region on the outer peripheral side of the rotor core 111 is isolated from the hole 310, and the rotor core 111 has a shape in which the region is suspended in the air. become. As a result, the mechanical strength of rotor core 111 is reduced.
- a non-magnetic material is arranged at the second end 312 of the hole 310 to connect the outer peripheral region and the inner peripheral region of the rotor core 111, which is necessary. Due to the above difficulties, there are cases where such an arrangement cannot be adopted as it is. Therefore, in this embodiment, the second end 312 of the hole 310 is not opened.
- the reason why the first end 311 of the hole 310 is opened instead of the second end 312 of the hole 310 is that the first end 311 of the hole 310 is not opened. This is because the positive component of the magnetic flux density vector B ⁇ in the ⁇ direction can be made larger than when the two ends 312 are opened. This will be explained below.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the inner space 310a, the first outer space 310b, and the second outer space 310c, and corresponds to FIG. 7A, 7B, and 7C are diagrams explaining the difference in magnetic flux flow due to the difference in the second end 312 of the hole 310, and FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C are FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively. 5D corresponds to FIG. 5C; FIG. That is, FIG. 7A shows the magnetic flux flow when the second end 312 of the hole 310 is not open, as shown in FIGS. In FIG.
- FIG. 7B the second end 312 of the hole 310 is open, and the circumferential length L12 of the second end 312 of the hole 310 is approximately the width L1 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310.
- FIG. Fig. 4 shows the magnetic flux flow in the same case; 7C, the second end 312 of the hole 310 is open, and the circumferential length L12 of the second end 312 of the hole 310 is less than the width L1 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310.
- FIG. shows the flow of magnetic flux when is also long.
- FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C as in FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 5C, the magnetic fluxes indicated by arrow lines are conceptual notations. For example, the length and number of arrow lines are It does not necessarily correspond to magnetic flux magnitude and magnetic flux density.
- the region outside the second end portion 312 of the hole 310 becomes a soft magnetic material portion such as an electromagnetic steel plate, and the first end of the hole 310
- the area inside the portion 311 functions as a flux barrier
- the area of the soft magnetic material portion serves as a bridge portion, and a magnetic flux 701 is generated that circulates within the rotor core 111 without going to the stator core 121 . Therefore, the torque of the IPMSM 100 cannot be increased by that amount.
- the second end 312 of the hole 310 is opened. don't let it.
- a second outer space 310c similar to the first outer space 310b of the first end 311 of the hole 310 is also formed at the second end 312 of the hole 310. It is assumed that the circumferential length L12 of the second end portion 312 is longer than the widthwise length L1 of the inner space 310a. Note that the circumferential length L12 of the end portion 312 on the trailing side of the rotor core 111 extends from the end point 411 on the trailing side of the second end portion 312 of the hole 310 to the end point 412 on the leading side of the second end portion 312 of the hole 310 . It is the length in the circumferential direction in the direction toward the head side up to.
- the circumferential length L12 of the end portion 312 on the rear side of the rotor core 111 may be approximated to the length in the width direction of the end portion 312 on the rear side of the rotor core 111 (linear distance between the end points 411 and 412). .
- the second end 312 of the hole 310 should be biased toward the leading end in the circumferential direction with respect to the center position 413 of the inner space 310a at the position communicating with the second outer space 310c. is preferred. That is, the circumferential center position 414 of the second end portion 312 of the hole 310 is closer to the front side in the circumferential direction than the circumferential center position 413 of the inner space 310a at the position communicating with the second outer space 310c. It would be preferable to 6, the center position 414 of the second end portion 312 of the hole 310 in the circumferential direction is located on the front side in the circumferential direction with respect to the extrapolation center position 416 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310. .
- An extrapolation center position 416 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 is a straight line extending along the radial direction of the rotor core 111 from a center position 413 of the inner space 310a at a position (boundary) communicating with the second outer space 310c (see FIG. 6). (dashed line extending from center position 413 ) and second end 312 of hole 310 .
- the circumferential length in the direction toward the head side from the extrapolation center position 416 of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 to the end point 412 on the head side of the second end 312 of the hole 310 More preferably, L13 is equal to or greater than L1 (L13 ⁇ L1) in the width direction of the inner space 310a. Furthermore, the circumferential length L14 in the direction toward the leading end from the extrapolation position 417 of the leading end point of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 to the leading end point 412 of the second end 312 of the hole 310 is the inner It is more preferable that the length of the space 310a in the width direction is equal to or greater than L1 (L14 ⁇ L1).
- the extrapolation position 417 of the leading end point of the inner space 310a of the hole 310 is a straight line (Fig. 4 ) and the second end 312 of the hole 310 .
- the region on the rear side of the first outer space 310b is expanded. Therefore, the magnetic flux at a position close to the end point 402 on the trailing side of the first outer space 310b, as shown in FIG.
- the length of the region in the width direction that is, the length of the inner space 310a in the width direction
- there is a see fluxes 502, 503 shown in FIG. 5B and fluxes 504, 505 shown in FIG. 5C).
- the traveling directions of the magnetic fluxes 504 and 505 are greatly inclined with respect to the traveling directions of the magnetic fluxes 502 and 503, and the magnetic flux density vector ⁇ The positive component of the direction becomes large.
- the front side area of the second outer space 310c is expanded.
- the magnetic flux at a position near the end point 412 on the front side of the second outer space 310c, as shown in FIG. Compared to the case where the length of the region in the width direction (that is, the length of the inner space 310a in the width direction) is substantially the same as L1, there (See magnetic fluxes 702, 703 shown in FIG. 7B and magnetic fluxes 704, 705 shown in FIG. 7C).
- the directions of travel of the magnetic fluxes 704 and 705 are not greatly inclined compared to the magnetic fluxes 504 and 505 shown in FIG.
- the increase of the positive component of the density vector in the ⁇ direction is smaller than the ⁇ component of the magnetic flux density vector represented by magnetic fluxes 504 and 505 shown in FIG. 5C.
- the second outer space 310c is formed so that L12>L1 as shown in FIG. 6, the mechanical strength of the rotor core 111 is greatly reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty is also increased.
- the rotor core 111 rotates toward the head side, it is better to direct the return of the magnetic flux through the bridge portion as shown in FIG. 5A toward the stator core 121 as shown in FIG. 5C.
- the traveling direction of the magnetic flux can be greatly inclined with respect to the radial direction of the IPMSM 100 rather than directing the return of the magnetic flux through the bridge portion as shown in FIG. 7A to the stator core 121 as shown in FIG. can increase the positive component in the ⁇ direction.
- the first end 311 of the hole 310 is opened instead of the second end 312 of the hole 310 .
- At least one of the holes 310 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed is opened at the first end 311 in the cross section of the rotor core.
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 (that is, the circumferential length of the opening of the first end portion 311) is longer than the circumferential length of the opening of the second end portion 312. long. Therefore, on the first end portion 311 side of the hole 310, the magnetic flux 501 that circulates within the rotor core 111 can be suppressed, and the reluctance torque can be increased. Therefore, the torque T of the IPMSM 100 can be increased.
- the second end portion 312 of the hole 310 is not opened in the cross section of the rotor core, so that the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 (that is, the first end portion 311 is longer than the circumferential length of the opening of the second end 312 . Therefore, the torque T of the IPMSM 100 and the mechanical strength of the rotor core 111 can be increased without using a non-magnetic material or the like.
- the length L2 in the circumferential direction of the first end portion 311 of the hole 310 is the length of the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112 (that is, the width direction of the magnet occupation area of the hole 310). length (length in the width direction of the inner space 310a)) longer than L1. Therefore, on the first end 311 side of the hole 310 in the left-right direction Ds, the magnetic flux 501 that circulates within the rotor core 111 can be reliably suppressed, and the reluctance torque can be reliably increased.
- the first ends 311 of all the holes 310 are open in the cross section of the rotor core. Therefore, on the first end portion 311 side of each hole 310, the magnetic flux 501 that circulates within the rotor core 111 can be more reliably suppressed, and the reluctance torque can be increased more reliably.
- the first end 311 of the hole 310 is biased toward the trailing side in the circumferential direction with respect to the center position 403 of the inner space 310a at the position communicating with the first outer space 310b. ing. Therefore, the reluctance torque can be increased on the first end 311 side of the hole 310 .
- the reluctance torque can be further increased on the first end portion 311 side of the hole 310 .
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of rotor 810. As shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the rotor 810 taken perpendicularly to the centerline O of the rotor 810, and corresponds to FIG. In the present embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the rotor 810 rotates in the direction of the arrow line shown in FIG. illustrates the case where the rotor 810 does not rotate in the opposite direction (that is, in the clockwise direction toward the paper surface).
- the rotor 810 includes a rotor core 811 and multiple permanent magnets 112 .
- Rotor core 811 includes a soft magnetic body portion and a plurality of holes.
- the soft magnetic body portion is configured, for example, by laminating a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates on the center line O of the rotor 810 .
- other soft magnetic materials may be used.
- flux barriers 813 In the holes where the permanent magnets 112 are installed, areas where the permanent magnets 112 do not exist become flux barriers 813 (813a to 813b).
- the difference between the rotor 110 shown in FIG. 2 and the rotor 810 shown in FIG. 8 is the shape and size of the flux barrier 813b.
- the flux barrier 113a shown in FIG. 2 and the flux barrier 813a shown in FIG. 8 are the same.
- the flux barriers 813a and 813b may be air gaps (that is, air regions) or may be provided with a non-magnetic material.
- part or all of the region of the flux barrier 813b is made of a non-magnetic material. is preferably installed.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rotor is the shape shown in FIG. 8 at any position of the rotor 810 in the z-axis direction.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a case where the number of poles of the IPMSM is four, as in the first embodiment.
- the portion constituting one pole of the rotor 810 is denoted by reference numerals, and the reference numerals of the other portions constituting the three poles of the rotor 810 are omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the rotor core 811.
- FIG. FIG. 9 is a sectional view of rotor core 811 taken perpendicularly to center line O of rotor core 811, and corresponds to FIG.
- FIG. 9 as in FIG. 3, only the portion forming one pole of the rotor core 811 is denoted by reference numerals, and the reference numerals for the portions forming the other three poles of the rotor core 811 are omitted.
- a rotor core 811 is formed with a hole 910 including a magnet occupied region and a region that becomes a flux barrier 813 .
- a first end 911 of the hole 910 is open in the cross section of the rotor core.
- a second end 912 of hole 910 is also open in the cross section of the rotor core.
- this embodiment also exemplifies the case where all four holes 910 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed open at the first ends 911 of the holes 910 in the cross section of the rotor core. However, in at least one of the four holes 910 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed, the first end 911 of the hole 910 should be open. Similarly, in all four holes 910 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed, the case where the second ends 912 of the holes 910 are open is illustrated. However, in at least one of the four holes 910 in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed, the second ends 912 of the holes 910 need only be open.
- hole 910 has an inner space 910a and a first outer space 910b.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the inner space 910a and the first outer space 910b, and is a diagram corresponding to FIG.
- the first outer space 910b is the same as the first outer space 310b shown in FIG.
- the inner space 910a is, in the cross-section of the rotor core, a space in which the length in the width direction of the space forming the hole 910 is substantially constant and equal to the length L1 corresponding to the length in the magnetization direction Dm of the permanent magnet 112. be.
- the leading end of the inner space 910a coincides with the trailing end of the first outer space 910b.
- the rear end of the inner space 910 a (that is, the end opposite to the side communicating with the first outer space 910 b ) coincides with the second end 912 of the hole 910 . Therefore, the circumferential length of the second end portion 912 of the hole 910 is substantially the same as the widthwise length L1 of the inner space 910a.
- the circumferential length L2 of the first end portion 911 of the hole 910 is longer than the circumferential length L1 of the second end portion 912 of the hole 910 .
- the circumferential lengths L2 and L1 of the open ends 911 and 912 of the left-right direction Ds of the hole 910 are greater than those of the end 911 on the leading side and the end 912 on the trailing side. (L2>L1). Therefore, it is possible to realize the effect of increasing the torque T of the IPMSM while obtaining the effect of not generating the magnetic flux 701 that circulates within the rotor core 111 shown in FIG. 7A.
- the mechanical strength of rotor core 811 is lower than that of rotor core 111 of the first embodiment. Therefore, in order to prevent the mechanical strength of the rotor core 811 from deteriorating, it is preferable to dispose a non-magnetic material in, for example, part or all of the flux barrier 813b. Therefore, for example, when it is important to prevent the generation of the magnetic flux 701 that circulates in the rotor core, the second embodiment is adopted, and when it is important to prevent the mechanical strength of the rotor core from decreasing. , the first embodiment may be adopted. Also in this embodiment, various modifications described in the first embodiment may be adopted.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the configuration of the rotor 1100 of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 11 is a sectional view of rotor 1100 taken perpendicularly to centerline O of rotor 1100, and corresponds to FIG. It is assumed that the cross-sectional shape of the rotor is the shape shown in FIG. 11 at any position of the rotor 1100 in the z-axis direction. Further, as in the first and second embodiments, in the comparative example 1 as well, the IPMSM has four poles. Also in FIG. 11, as in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of the rotor 1200 of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a sectional view of rotor 1200 taken perpendicularly to centerline O of rotor 1200, and corresponds to FIG. It is assumed that the cross-sectional shape of the rotor is the shape shown in FIG. 12 at any position of the rotor 1200 in the z-axis direction.
- the second comparative example also illustrates the case where the number of poles of the IPMSM is four. Also, in FIG. 12, as in FIG.
- the IPMSM torque T was 0.800 Nm.
- the rotor 110 of Example 1 shown in FIG. 2 was used, the IPMSM torque T was 1.199 Nm.
- IPMSM torque T increased by 49.9% compared to Comparative Example 1. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, by forming the first outer space 310b on the head side of the hole 310 in the left-right direction Ds, it is possible to increase the torque T of the IPMSM.
- Example 2 when the rotor 1200 of Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG. 12 was used, the IPMSM torque T was 0.956 Nm. On the other hand, when the rotor 810 of Example 2 shown in FIG. 8 was used, the IPMSM torque T was 1.251 Nm. Thus, in Example 2, IPMSM torque T increased by 30.8% compared to Comparative Example 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9, by forming the first outer space 910b on the head side of the hole 910 in the left-right direction Ds, it is possible to increase the torque T of the IPMSM.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rotor core is the shape shown in FIGS. 2 and 8 at any position of the rotors 110 and 810 in the z-axis direction.
- the torque of the IPMSM as a whole is increased at all positions in the z-axis direction of the rotors 110, 810 compared to the case where the shapes shown in FIGS.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rotor does not have to be the shape shown in FIGS.
- the cross-sectional shape of the rotor may be the shape shown in FIG. 11 or FIG.
- one pole is configured by one permanent magnet 112
- the present disclosure is not limited to this.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 112 may constitute one pole.
- the IPMSM 100 is of the inner rotor type.
- the first and second ends of the hole in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed, as described in the first and second embodiments. may be formed.
- the inner peripheral surface of the rotor core becomes the end surface facing the stator with a gap therebetween.
- the rotor of the embedded permanent magnet generator instead of the embedded permanent magnet motor, is provided with holes in which the permanent magnets 112 are installed as described in the first and second embodiments. may form a first end and a second end of a.
- the second end of the hole in which the permanent magnet is installed is the end that is not open as in the first embodiment, and the first end of the hole as in the second embodiment. and an end portion whose circumferential length is shorter than the circumferential length of the open end portion of the portion.
- At least one of the plurality of holes is located on the leading side of the rotation direction in the left-right direction, which is the left-right direction with respect to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis that is the center of rotation. and a second end located on the trailing side of the rotation direction in the left-right direction, The first end is open, The rotor core, wherein in the cross section, the circumferential length of the opening is longer than the circumferential length of the second end.
- Appendix 4 The rotor core according to any one of Appendices 1 to 3, wherein in the cross section, the at least one hole is not open at the second end.
- Appendix 5 The rotor core according to any one of Appendices 1 to 4, wherein the second ends of all the holes are not open in the cross section.
- Appendix 8 A rotor core according to any one of Appendices 1 to 7; the permanent magnet; A rotor with a
- Appendix 9 the rotor of Appendix 8; a stator; A rotating electric machine.
- At least one of the plurality of holes is located on the leading side of the rotation direction in the left-right direction, which is the left-right direction with respect to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, in a cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis that is the center of rotation. and a second end located on the trailing side of the rotation direction in the left-right direction,
- the first end is open to the outer peripheral surface, and the length of the opening in the circumferential direction is longer than the length of the second end in the circumferential direction,
- the hole with the first end open communicates with an inner space whose length in the width direction is equal to the length corresponding to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnet, and the inner space.
- first outer space having the first end as one of the lateral ends of the hole and being wider than the inner space
- the rotor core wherein the first end is biased toward the tail side in the rotational direction with respect to a circumferential center position of the inner space at a position communicating with the first outer space.
- the circumferential length in the direction toward the tail side in the rotational direction from the extrapolation position of the tail side end point of the inner space to the end point on the tail side in the rotational direction among the end points of the first end portion is equal to or greater than the length of the inner space in the width direction
- the extrapolation position of the trailing end point of the inner space is, in the cross section, a straight line extending along the radial direction of the rotor core from the trailing end point of the inner space at a position communicating with the first outer space; 11.
- the rotor core of paragraph 10 which is the location of the intersection with one end.
- Appendix 19 the rotor of Appendix 18; A rotating electric machine comprising a stator.
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、以上のような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、回転電機のトルクを増加させることを目的とする。
回転の中心となる回転軸線に対して垂直な断面において、前記複数の穴の少なくとも1つは、前記永久磁石の磁化方向に対して左右両側の方向である左右方向における回転方向の先頭側に位置する第1端部と、前記左右方向における前記回転方向の後尾側に位置する第2端部と、を含み、
前記第1端部は、外周面に開口し、前記開口の周方向の長さが前記第2端部の周方向の長さよりも長く、
前記断面において、前記第1端部が開口している前記穴は、幅方向の長さが前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さに対応する長さと同等である内側空間と、前記内側空間に連通し、前記第1端部を前記穴の前記左右方向の端部の1つとして有し、且つ、前記内側空間よりも幅広な第1外側空間と、を有し、
前記第1端部は、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の周方向の中心位置に対して、回転方向の後尾側に偏るように配置されている。
尚、長さ、位置、大きさ、間隔等、比較対象が同じであることは、厳密に同じである場合の他、本開示の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で異なるもの(例えば、設計時に定められる公差の範囲内で異なるもの)も含むものとする。また、各図において、x-y-z座標は、各図における向きの関係を示すものである。x-y-z座標において、〇の中に●が付されている記号は、紙面の奥側から手前側に向かう方向が正の方向であることを示す記号である。
まず、第1実施形態を説明する。本実施形態では、回転電機がIPMSMである場合を例示する。
図1は、IPMSM100の構成の一例を示す図である。図1は、IPMSM100の中心線O(ロータ110の回転軸線)に対して垂直に切った場合のIPMSM100の断面図である。図1において、IPMSM100は、ロータ110と、ステータ120と、を備える。
ロータコア111の中心線Oに対して垂直に切った場合のロータコア111の断面(以下、ロータコア断面と呼ぶ)において、少なくとも1つの穴310(図3では、4つの穴310の全部)は、永久磁石112の中心における永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmに対して左右両側の方向である左右方向Dsの端部のうち、ロータコア111の回転方向の先頭側に位置する第1端部311において開口している。図3に示す例では、穴310の左右方向Dsは、穴310の長手方向である。図3において、穴310の左右方向Dsを、穴310の傍らに付す両矢印線で示す。一方、ロータコア断面において、穴310は、第1端部311とは反対側(言い換えると、ロータコア111の回転方向の後尾側)の第2端部312において開口していない。以下では、ロータコア111の回転方向の先頭側を単に先頭側とも呼び、ロータコア111の回転方向の後尾側を単に後尾側とも呼ぶ。
内側空間310aは、ロータコア断面において、穴310を構成する空間のうち、永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmに沿った方向である幅方向の長さが、永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さに対応する長さL1と同等でほぼ一定である空間である。図2と、図3および図4と、を対比すれば明らかなように、永久磁石112は、内側空間310aに設置される。したがって、穴310の磁石占有領域の幅方向の長さは、内側空間310aの幅方向の長さL1と同じである。内側空間310aの幅方向の長さL1は、永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さと同じであっても、穴310に永久磁石112を設置し易くするために永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さよりも(僅かに)長くてもよい。尚、本実施形態では、永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さが一定である場合を例示する。しかしながら、永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さは必ずしも一定でなくてもよい。永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さが一定でない場合には、内側空間310aの幅方向の長さを、永久磁石112の磁化方向Dmの長さに対応する長さと同等にして一定としなくてもよい。
図5Aでは、穴310の第1端部311がロータコア111の外周面に連通していないと仮定した場合の磁束の流れを示す。図5Aに示すように、穴310の第1端部311が開口していないと、穴310の第1端部311の外側の領域が電磁鋼板等の軟磁性体部となり、穴310の第1端部311の内側の領域はフラックスバリアとして機能するものの、当該軟磁性体部の領域がブリッジ部となって、ステータコア121に向かわずに、ロータコア111内で還流する磁束501が生じる。このため、IPMSM100のトルクを十分に増加させることができない。
まず、図4において、穴310の第1外側空間310bは、穴310の内側空間310aよりも幅広の領域である。また、穴310の第1端部311は、第1外側空間310bと連通する位置(境界)での内側空間310aの中心位置403に対して、周方向において後尾側に偏るようにするのが好ましい。すなわち、穴310の第1端部311の周方向の中心位置404が、第1外側空間310bと連通する位置での内側空間310aの周方向の中心位置403よりも、周方向において後尾側になるようにするのが好ましい。これは図4において、穴310の第1端部311の周方向の中心位置404が、穴310の内側空間310aの外挿中心位置406よりも、周方向において後尾側に位置することに対応する。穴310の内側空間310aの外挿中心位置406は、第1外側空間310bと連通する位置(境界)での内側空間310aの中心位置403からロータコア111の半径方向に沿って延びる直線(図4の中心位置403から延びる破線)と、穴310の第1端部311との交点の位置である。このようにすれば、内側空間310aの後尾側における端点405よりも後尾側において、ロータコアの111のその他の領域の外周面よりも中心線O側に窪んだ空間を形成することができる。したがって、第1外側空間310bよりも後尾側における軟磁性体部において、正のθ成分が大きい磁束密度ベクトルを増やすことができる。図4では、このようにする場合を例示する。
ここで、後尾側壁面310W1が中心線Oに対して直交する方向(半径方向)に対して傾くことで、第1外側空間310bよりも後尾側における軟磁性体部において、当該部分の磁気抵抗を大きくすることができるので、正のθ成分が大きい磁束密度ベクトルを増やすことができる。これにより、リラクタンストルクをより大きくすることができる。
さらに、後尾側壁面310W1を凹状に湾曲させることで、当該部分の磁気抵抗をさらに大きくすることができるので、正のθ成分が大きい磁束密度ベクトルをより増やすことができる。
以上のことから本実施形態では、穴310の第2端部312ではなく、穴310の第1端部311を開口させる。
次に、第2実施形態を説明する。第1実施形態では、ロータコア断面において、永久磁石112が設置される穴310の第2端部312が開口していない場合を例示した。これに対し、本実施形態では、ロータコア断面において、永久磁石112が設置される穴の第2端部を開口させる場合について説明する。このように本実施形態と第1実施形態とは、穴310の第2端部312が主として異なる。したがって、本実施形態の説明において、第1実施形態と同一の部分については、図1~図7Cに付した符号と同一の符号を付す等して詳細な説明を省略する。
ロータコア断面において、穴910の第1端部911は開口している。また、穴910の第2端部912も、ロータコア断面において開口している。
図10において、第1外側空間910bは、図4に示した第1外側空間310bと同じである。
第1実施形態と同様に、内側空間910aの先頭側における端部は、第1外側空間910bの後尾側における端部と一致する。また、内側空間910aの後尾側における端部(すなわち、第1外側空間910bと連通する側とは反対側の端部)は、穴910の第2端部912に一致する。したがって、穴910の第2端部912の周方向の長さは、内側空間910aの幅方向の長さL1とほぼ同じである。一方、穴910の第1端部911の周方向の長さL2は、穴910の第2端部912の周方向の長さL1よりも長い。このように、穴910の左右方向Dsの端部のうち開口している端部911、912の周方向の長さL2、L1は、先頭側における端部911の方が後尾側における端部912よりも長い(L2>L1)。したがって、図7Aに示したロータコア111内で還流する磁束701が発生しなくなる作用を得つつ、IPMSMのトルクTを大きくする効果を実現することができる。一方、軟磁性体部だけでロータコアを形成する場合、第1実施形態のロータコア111に比べてロータコア811の機械的強度は低下する。そこで、ロータコア811の機械的強度が低下しないように、例えば、フラックスバリア813bの一部または全部の領域に非磁性体を設置するのが好ましい。したがって、例えば、ロータコア内で還流する磁束701が発生することを防止することを重視する場合には第2実施形態を採用し、ロータコアの機械的強度が低下することを防止することを重視する場合には第1実施形態を採用すればよい。尚、本実施形態においても、第1実施形態で説明した種々の変形例を採用してもよい。
本計算例では、回転数=3000rpm、励磁電流(の実効値)=5.5A、進角=20degの運転条件で、それぞれのIPMSMを運転した場合のIPMSMの電磁界解析を、有限要素法により実行した。そして、電磁界解析の結果として得られる磁束密度ベクトルに基づいて、マクスウェルの応力テンソルを算出し、マクスウェルの応力テンソルからIPMSMのトルクTを算出した。以下では、第1実施形態のロータ110を実施例1のロータと呼び、第2実施形態のロータ810を実施例2のロータと呼ぶこととする。
第1実施形態および第2実施形態では、ロータコア断面の形状は、ロータ110、810のz軸方向のいずれの位置においても、図2、図8に示す形状になる場合を例示した。しかしながら、必ずしもこのようにする必要はない。例えば、ロータ110、810のz軸方向の全ての位置において図2、図8に示す形状にしない場合よりも、全体としてIPMSMのトルクが増加するようにしていれば、ロータ110、810のz軸方向の一部の位置においては、ロータ断面の形状が、図2、図8に示す形状になっていなくてもよい。例えば、ロータ110のz軸方向の一部の位置においては、ロータ断面の形状が、図11または図12に示す形状であってもよい。
永久磁石が設置される複数の穴を備え、
回転の中心となる回転軸線に対して垂直な断面において、前記複数の穴の少なくとも1つは、前記永久磁石の磁化方向に対して左右両側の方向である左右方向における回転方向の先頭側に位置する第1端部と、前記左右方向における前記回転方向の後尾側に位置する第2端部と、を含み、
前記第1端部は開口しており、
前記断面において、前記開口の周方向の長さは、前記第2端部の周方向の長さよりも長い、ロータコア。
前記断面において、前記開口の周方向の長さは、前記穴の前記永久磁石によって占められる領域の、前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さよりも長い、付記1のロータコア。
前記断面において、全ての前記穴の前記第1端部が開口している、付記1または付記2のロータコア。
前記断面において、少なくとも1つの前記穴は、前記第2端部は開口していない、付記1~付記3のいずれか1項のロータコア。
前記断面において、全ての前記穴の前記第2端部が開口していない、付記1~付記4のいずれか1項のロータコア。
前記断面において、前記第1端部が開口している前記穴は、
幅方向の長さが、前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さに対応する長さと同等である内側空間と、
前記内側空間に連通し、前記第1端部を前記穴の前記左右方向の端部の1つとして有し、且つ、前記内側空間よりも幅広な第1外側空間と、を有し、
前記第1端部は、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の周方向の中心位置に対して、回転方向の後尾側に偏るように配置されている、付記1~付記5のいずれか1項のロータコア。
前記断面において、前記内側空間の後尾側端点外挿位置から、前記第1端部の端点のうち、回転方向の後尾側における端点までの、回転方向の後尾側に向かう方向における周方向の長さは、前記内側空間の幅方向の長さ以上であり、
前記内側空間の後尾側端点外挿位置は、前記断面において、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の後尾側における端点から前記ロータコアの半径方向に沿って延びる直線と、前記第1端部との交点の位置である、付記6のロータコア。
付記1~付記7のいずれか1項のロータコアと、
前記永久磁石と、
を備えるロータ。
付記8のロータと、
ステータと、
を備える、回転電機。
永久磁石が設置される複数の穴を備え、
回転の中心となる回転軸線に対して垂直な断面において、前記複数の穴の少なくとも1つは、前記永久磁石の磁化方向に対して左右両側の方向である左右方向における回転方向の先頭側に位置する第1端部と、前記左右方向における前記回転方向の後尾側に位置する第2端部と、を含み、
前記第1端部は、外周面に開口し、前記開口の周方向の長さが前記第2端部の周方向の長さよりも長く、
前記断面において、前記第1端部が開口している前記穴は、幅方向の長さが前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さに対応する長さと同等である内側空間と、前記内側空間に連通し、前記第1端部を前記穴の前記左右方向の端部の1つとして有し、且つ、前記内側空間よりも幅広な第1外側空間と、を有し、
前記第1端部は、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の周方向の中心位置に対して、回転方向の後尾側に偏るように配置されている、ロータコア。
前記断面において、前記内側空間の後尾側端点外挿位置から、前記第1端部の端点のうち、回転方向の後尾側における端点までの、回転方向の後尾側に向かう方向における周方向の長さは、前記内側空間の幅方向の長さ以上であり、
前記内側空間の後尾側端点外挿位置は、前記断面において、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の後尾側における端点から前記ロータコアの半径方向に沿って延びる直線と、前記第1端部との交点の位置である、付記10のロータコア。
前記穴を構成する穴壁面において、前記第1外側空間の前記回転方向の後尾側を形成する後尾側壁面が前記回転軸線に対して直交する方向に対して傾いている、付記10又は付記11のロータコア。
前記後尾側壁面の少なくとも一部は、凹状に湾曲している、付記11又は付記12のロータコア。
前記断面において、前記開口の周方向の長さは、前記穴の前記永久磁石によって占められる領域の、前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さよりも長い、付記10~付記13のいずれか1項のロータコア。
前記断面において、全ての前記穴の前記第1端部が開口している、付記10~付記14のいずれか1項のロータコア。
前記断面において、少なくとも1つの前記穴は、前記第2端部は開口していない、付記10~付記15のいずれか1項のロータコア。
(付記17)
前記断面において、全ての前記穴の前記第2端部が開口していない、付記10~付記16のいずれか1項のロータコア。
付記10~付記17のいずれか1項のいずれか1項のロータコアと、
前記永久磁石と、
を備えるロータ。
付記18のロータと、
ステータと、を備える、回転電機。
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (10)
- 永久磁石が設置される複数の穴を備え、
回転の中心となる回転軸線に対して垂直な断面において、前記複数の穴の少なくとも1つは、前記永久磁石の磁化方向に対して左右両側の方向である左右方向における回転方向の先頭側に位置する第1端部と、前記左右方向における前記回転方向の後尾側に位置する第2端部と、を含み、
前記第1端部は、外周面に開口し、前記開口の周方向の長さが前記第2端部の周方向の長さよりも長く、
前記断面において、前記第1端部が開口している前記穴は、幅方向の長さが前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さに対応する長さと同等である内側空間と、前記内側空間に連通し、前記第1端部を前記穴の前記左右方向の端部の1つとして有し、且つ、前記内側空間よりも幅広な第1外側空間と、を有し、
前記第1端部は、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の周方向の中心位置に対して、回転方向の後尾側に偏るように配置されている、ロータコア。 - 前記断面において、前記内側空間の後尾側端点外挿位置から、前記第1端部の端点のうち、回転方向の後尾側における端点までの、回転方向の後尾側に向かう方向における周方向の長さは、前記内側空間の幅方向の長さ以上であり、
前記内側空間の後尾側端点外挿位置は、前記断面において、前記第1外側空間と連通する位置での前記内側空間の後尾側における端点から前記ロータコアの半径方向に沿って延びる直線と、前記第1端部との交点の位置である、請求項1に記載のロータコア。 - 前記穴を構成する穴壁面において、前記第1外側空間の前記回転方向の後尾側を形成する後尾側壁面が前記回転軸線に対して直交する方向に対して傾いている、請求項1又は請求項2に記載のロータコア。
- 前記後尾側壁面の少なくとも一部は、凹状に湾曲している、請求項3に記載のロータコア。
- 前記断面において、前記開口の周方向の長さは、前記穴の前記永久磁石によって占められる領域の、前記永久磁石の磁化方向の長さよりも長い、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載のロータコア。
- 前記断面において、全ての前記穴の前記第1端部が開口している、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載のロータコア。
- 前記断面において、少なくとも1つの前記穴は、前記第2端部は開口していない、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載のロータコア。
- 前記断面において、全ての前記穴の前記第2端部が開口していない、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のロータコア。
- 請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項のいずれか1項に記載のロータコアと、
前記永久磁石と、
を備えるロータ。 - 請求項9に記載のロータと、
ステータと、を備える、回転電機。
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