WO2022209270A1 - Dispositif de mesure et ensemble d'antennes - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure et ensemble d'antennes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022209270A1
WO2022209270A1 PCT/JP2022/004183 JP2022004183W WO2022209270A1 WO 2022209270 A1 WO2022209270 A1 WO 2022209270A1 JP 2022004183 W JP2022004183 W JP 2022004183W WO 2022209270 A1 WO2022209270 A1 WO 2022209270A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
subject
transmitting
receiving
measuring device
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PCT/JP2022/004183
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
圭 本田
淳 曽根
信一郎 須田
滝太郎 矢部
友昭 西木戸
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テルモ株式会社
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Publication of WO2022209270A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022209270A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
    • A61B5/029—Measuring or recording blood output from the heart, e.g. minute volume
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/0507—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves  using microwaves or terahertz waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a measuring device and an antenna set.
  • Patent Literature 1 discloses a device that includes a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, and an estimator.
  • the transmitting antenna transmits electromagnetic waves such as microwaves to the patient's chest
  • the receiving antenna receives the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the transmitting antenna
  • the estimating part responds to the phase or amplitude intensity of the electromagnetic waves received by the receiving antenna. Based on this, the cardiac output of the person to be measured is detected.
  • electromagnetic waves other than those that have passed through the subject's heart or its vicinity can also arrive at the receiving antenna.
  • the receiving antenna can detect electromagnetic waves that have passed through organs other than the heart, diffracted waves that have diffracted near the body surface without passing through the body, and reflected waves that have been reflected again by surrounding objects after being reflected on the body surface. If received, there is a possibility that an error in cardiac output measurement will occur in the estimator.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device and an antenna set that can suppress reception of electromagnetic waves other than electromagnetic waves that have passed through the heart.
  • the measuring device of the present invention non-invasively measures the amount of blood pumped by the subject's heart.
  • the measuring device includes a transmission antenna installed facing the heart on one of the chest side and the back side of the subject, and a transmission antenna installed facing the heart on the other of the chest side and the back side of the subject.
  • a receiving antenna for receiving a transmitted wave in which the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitting antenna has passed through the living body of the subject; and a calculation unit for calculating the blood volume based on the transmitted wave.
  • each of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna has a substrate on which an antenna surface including an antenna element is arranged, and a ground surface on the substrate opposite to the antenna surface, and the antenna set Among them, the area of the ground plane of the back side antenna installed on the back side of the subject is larger than the area of the ground plane of the chest antenna installed on the chest side of the subject.
  • the antenna set of the present invention includes a transmitting antenna installed facing the heart on one of the chest side and the back side of the subject, and a receiving antenna installed on the other side facing the heart for receiving a transmitted wave of the electromagnetic wave radiated from the transmitting antenna that has passed through the living body of the subject, wherein the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are Each has a substrate on which an antenna plane including an antenna element is arranged, and a ground plane on the opposite side of the substrate to the antenna plane, and the area of the ground plane of the receiving antenna is equal to the ground of the transmitting antenna. larger than the surface area.
  • the area of the ground surface of the back side antenna installed on the back side of the subject in the antenna set is equal to that of the chest antenna installed on the chest side of the subject. Since it is larger than the area of the ground plane, it suppresses reception of electromagnetic waves other than electromagnetic waves that have passed through the heart or its vicinity of the subject, transmits electromagnetic waves that pass through the heart or its vicinity, and/or prevents the heart or its vicinity from being transmitted. Reception of transmitted electromagnetic waves can be increased. As a result, the measuring device can prevent or suppress deterioration in the measurement accuracy of the cardiac output.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the entire cardiac output measurement sensor according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram showing the entire cardiac output measurement sensor shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of the transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 3A viewed from the ⁇ X direction
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic view partially enlarging the antenna elements of the transmitting antenna of FIG. 3A
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement of dummy antenna elements
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating part of measurement results of VSWR characteristics in the X and Y directions of a transmitting antenna;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating part of measurement results of VSWR characteristics in the X and Y directions of a transmitting antenna;
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating part of measurement results of VSWR characteristics in the X and Y directions of a transmit
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a part of measurement results of VSWR characteristics in the Z direction of a transmitting antenna;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating radiation characteristics of a transmitting antenna;
  • 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a receiving antenna shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 7A viewed from the X direction;
  • 7B is a diagram illustrating a part of measurement results of VSWR characteristics in the X direction and the Y direction of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 7A;
  • FIG. 7B is a diagram exemplifying a part of the measurement result of the VSWR characteristic in the Z direction of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 7A;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating radiation characteristics of a receiving antenna; It is a schematic diagram which illustrates installation of an electromagnetic wave shield.
  • 7B is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the size of the ground surface of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 7A and the size of transmitted microwaves;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a case where the ground surface of the receiving antenna is made small as a comparative example;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram showing the overall cardiac output measurement sensor of the second embodiment;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmission antennas shown in FIG. 13;
  • FIG. 14B is a schematic diagram of the transmitting antenna shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 14A viewed along the ⁇ X direction
  • 14B is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of radiation intensity of the transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 14A
  • FIG. 14A As a comparative example, it is a figure which illustrates the simulation result of the radiation intensity of the transmitting antenna which has a wide antenna element.
  • 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 13
  • FIG. FIG. 16B is a schematic diagram of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 16A viewed along the X direction
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a transmission antenna of the third embodiment
  • FIG. FIG. 17B is a schematic diagram of the transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 17A viewed along the ⁇ X direction;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the entire cardiac output measuring sensor 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the cardiac output measuring sensor 100 shown in FIG. .
  • FIG. 1 shows a state (supine position) in which a subject 90 (also referred to as a patient) is lying on a bed 95 placed horizontally with respect to the XY plane.
  • the cardiac output measurement sensor 100 functions as a measuring device and measures (estimates) the amount of blood pumped from the heart, such as the cardiac output of the subject 90 .
  • the cardiac output measurement sensor 100 is used for examination of heart failure, follow-up observation after cardiac surgery, verification of medication effects and side effects of heart disease, and the like.
  • a user such as a nurse or a doctor aligns the line connecting the centers of the transmitting antenna 12 and the receiving antenna 21 with the heart 91. They are arranged so as to face each other with the heart 91 interposed therebetween.
  • the subject 90 should be provided with something capable of reflecting electromagnetic waves such as a cloth electromagnetic shield (described later) or something capable of absorbing electromagnetic waves such as a radio wave absorber. may cover the entire chest and transmitting/receiving antenna.
  • the receiving antenna 21 is arranged below the subject 90 and the transmitting antenna 12 is arranged above the subject 90 .
  • the receiving antenna 21 is arranged on the bed 95 , and the subject 90 lies face up on the receiving antenna 21 .
  • the upper transmitting antenna 12 is attached to a U-shaped movable fixed base (not shown) when viewed from the side. This fixed base can manually adjust the horizontal direction (X direction and Y direction) and the height (Z direction) of the transmitting antenna 12 .
  • the transmitting antenna 12 is arranged above the subject 90 while being slightly separated from the subject 90 by a fixing base. The purpose of the separation is not to disturb the respiratory motion of the subject 90 and to prevent unintended movement of the transmitting antenna 12 due to contact with the subject 90 .
  • the arrangement of the transmitting and receiving antennas is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 and the like.
  • the apparatus may be turned upside down so that the transmitting antenna 12 is arranged below the subject 90 (back side) and the receiving antenna 21 is arranged above the subject 90 (chest side).
  • the transmitting antenna 12 and the receiving antenna 21 constitute an antenna set.
  • the cardiac output measurement sensor 100 has a transmitter 10, a receiver 20, and a device body 30.
  • the device main body 30 is mounted on a movable frame (not shown) and arranged beside the bed 95 .
  • the device main body 30 operates with an internal battery or power supplied from a commercial power supply.
  • the transmitting unit 10 and the receiving unit 20 are connected to the apparatus main body 30 through the signal cable 13, and data signal transmission/reception and power supply are performed through the signal cable 13. FIG. Details of the transmitter 10 and the receiver 20 will be described later.
  • the apparatus main body 30 includes a transmission/reception controller 31 , a control section 32 , a storage section 33 , an input/output I/F (interface) 34 and a communication I/F 35 .
  • the transmission/reception controller 31 is electrically connected to the transmission section 10 and the reception section 20 via the signal cable 13 . Under the control of the control unit 32 , the transmission/reception controller 31 controls transmission/reception timings of the transmission unit 10 and the reception unit 20 and acquires measurement values (received signals) from the reception unit 20 .
  • the control unit 32 includes a CPU, RAM, ROM, etc., and controls each unit in the apparatus main body 30 according to a program stored in the ROM or the storage unit 33 .
  • the control unit 32 receives a reception signal corresponding to the microwave received by the reception unit 20 from the transmission/reception controller 31, analyzes the amplitude and phase of the reception signal, and determines the heart rate of the subject 90.
  • the stroke volume that is, the volume of blood pumped from the heart 91 is estimated (calculated).
  • the controller 32 functions as a calculator.
  • the calculator may be configured to further calculate a cardiac index from the cardiac output.
  • the cardiac index is an index obtained by converting the cardiac output per body surface area of the subject 90 .
  • the calculator may be configured to further calculate the stroke volume from the cardiac output.
  • the stroke volume is an index obtained by converting the cardiac output per heart rate of the subject 90 .
  • the calculator may be configured to first calculate the stroke volume and then convert it to the cardiac output using the heart rate.
  • Cardiac output is defined herein as a parameter that describes the volume of blood pumped from heart 91, including cardiac index and stroke volume.
  • the storage unit 33 is composed of a semiconductor memory in which various programs and various data are stored in advance, and a magnetic memory such as a hard disk.
  • the storage unit 33 also stores point data, waveform data, and the like.
  • the input/output I/F 34 functions as an input/output unit, has input/output terminals conforming to USB and DVI standards, etc., and is connected to input devices such as keyboards, mice, and microphones, and output devices such as displays, speakers, and printers. is an interface to In the example shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the input/output I/F 34 is connected to the touch panel 41 .
  • the touch panel 41 is composed of a liquid crystal panel and a touch pad superimposed thereon, and receives instructions from the user to start antenna element determination processing and cardiac output measurement. Note that an input/output device such as the touch panel 41 may be included in the configuration of the device body 30 .
  • the communication I/F 24 is an interface that transmits and receives data via wired or wireless communication with an external terminal device such as a PC (personal computer), tablet terminal, or the like via a network or peer-to-peer.
  • Wired communication may use network interfaces conforming to standards such as Ethernet (registered trademark), SATA, PCI Express, IEEE1394, etc.
  • wireless communication may use wireless communication interfaces such as Bluetooth (registered trademark), IEEE802.11, 4G, and the like. may be used.
  • the communication I/F 35 is connected with the PC 51 .
  • Transmitting section 10 includes a transmitting circuit 11 and a transmitting antenna 12 .
  • the transmitter 10 radiates electromagnetic waves to the subject 90 .
  • the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is not particularly limited as long as it can pass through the heart 91 of the living body without ionizing action.
  • microwaves with a frequency of 300 MHz to 30 GHz are preferred, and microwaves with a frequency of 400 M to 1.0 GHz are more preferred.
  • An example in which the electromagnetic waves are microwaves will be described below.
  • Microwaves are suitable for measuring cardiac output due to their bio-penetrability and high sensitivity (rate of change in electric field strength) due to changes in dielectric constant during contraction/expansion of the heart 91 .
  • the power of the generated microwave is not particularly limited as long as sufficient power can be detected by the receiving antenna 21, but it may be several mW to several tens of mW, for example. Further, the generated microwave may be a continuous wave, a pulse wave, or a phase-modulated or frequency-modulated microwave.
  • the transmission circuit 11 uses an oscillator (not shown) to generate a high-frequency signal corresponding to microwaves and supplies it to the transmission antenna 12 . More specifically, in the present embodiment, as described below, since the transmitting antenna 12 has a plurality of antenna elements, a switching circuit (not shown) selects one of the plurality of antenna elements and selects A high frequency signal is supplied to the antenna elements. Antenna elements that are not selected are terminated and are not involved in microwave transmission.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmitting antenna 12 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of the transmitting antenna 12 shown in FIG. 3A viewed from the -X direction (direction opposite to the X direction).
  • the transmitting antenna 12 functions as an antenna on the chest side of the subject 90 .
  • Transmitting antenna 12 includes substrate 120 , antenna array 121 and ground plane 122 .
  • the antenna array 121 is formed on a substrate 120 having a rectangular plate shape as a whole, each side of which is several tens mm to 200 mm.
  • the antenna array 121 is composed of a plurality of antenna elements t1 to tx (hereinafter collectively referred to as "antenna elements t"), which are arranged on the same plane (XY plane) in a grid pattern.
  • the antenna array 121 has, for example, a substantially square grid array structure.
  • the surface of the antenna array 121 is called the antenna plane of the transmitting antenna 12 .
  • a ground plate 122 is formed on the entire surface or part of the substrate 120 on the side opposite to the antenna surface on the substrate 120 .
  • the surface of the ground plate 122 is called the ground plane of the transmitting antenna 12 .
  • the ground plate 122 is separated from the antenna surface by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 120, and the distance between the ground plate 122 and the antenna surface (indicated by A2 in FIG. 3B) is preferably about 5 mm. is. This has the effect of increasing the microwaves that have passed through the heart 91 or its vicinity (hereinafter referred to as “transmitted microwaves (transmitted waves)”) and improving the output of the transmitting antenna 12 .
  • each antenna element t is a minute loop antenna element having a substantially rectangular shape with one side a1.
  • the size of the minute loop antenna element is smaller than the size of the heart 91 (for example, 110 mm), and one side a1 is, for example, within 20 mm, preferably within 12 mm.
  • Such a configuration has the effect of increasing the amount of transmitted microwaves.
  • the size of the entire antenna array 121 is set to be about the same as or larger than the size of the heart 91 when viewed from the back side of the subject 90 .
  • the antenna array 121 can have, for example, a rectangular shape with a side A1 of several tens of millimeters to one hundred and several tens of millimeters.
  • the total number of antenna elements t is preferably 4 or more and 150 or less.
  • the antenna array 121 is composed of a total of 49 antenna elements t1 to t49, 7 in length and 7 in width.
  • each antenna element t can be a minute loop antenna element with a total length (effective length) L of one round of ⁇ g/10.
  • ⁇ g is the length of one wavelength obtained by shortening the length ⁇ of one wavelength of the microwave of frequency f in free space by the substrate 120 as a dielectric, and the effective dielectric constant of the substrate 120 is ⁇ . Then, it is represented by the following formula (1).
  • adjacent antenna elements t are arranged without being in close contact with each other.
  • the interval between adjacent antenna elements t can be, for example, about 2 mm.
  • a plurality of dummy antenna elements d may be arranged in the vicinity along the outline of the antenna array 121 . That is, the transmitting antenna 12 has a plurality of dummy antenna elements d arranged so as to surround the antenna array 121 on the substrate 120 adjacent to the antenna plane. As a result, between the outermost antenna element and the inner antenna element of the antenna array 121, the surrounding environments (conditions) of the antenna elements due to the existence of the adjacent antenna elements can be equalized.
  • a thin resin layer may be installed so as to cover the entire antenna surface, and the antenna element may not directly contact the subject 90 during measurement, but the resin layer may contact the subject 90 .
  • the resin a general resin can be used, for example, ABS.
  • the thickness can be, for example, about 1 mm.
  • the antenna positioning operation can be simplified by arranging the antenna elements t in a grid pattern so that an antenna element t suitable for measurement can be selected.
  • an antenna element t suitable for measurement for example, an element that maximizes the amount of microwaves that pass through the heart 91 or its vicinity is selected by the transmitter 10 .
  • the inventors of the present invention consider the size of the heart 91 and select the antenna element t. It has been found that placing
  • the side a1 of the antenna element t can be calculated to be approximately 10.8 mm from Equation (1) above. Also, if the interval between adjacent antenna elements t is 1.7 mm, the size of the entire antenna array 121 can be calculated to be approximately 100 mm square.
  • the antenna array 121 can be configured with a total of 121 antenna elements t1 to t121, 11 in length and 11 in width, with one side a1 of the antenna element t set to 6.7 mm.
  • Antenna characteristics include at least one of impedance characteristics and radiation characteristics.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating part of the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the transmitting antenna 12 in the X and Y directions
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating part of the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics of the transmitting antenna 12 in the Z direction. is.
  • FIG. 6 is a figure which illustrates the radiation characteristic of a transmitting antenna. In the figure, the standard of measurement is -60 dB.
  • the inventor measured impedance characteristics (VSWR characteristics) as antenna characteristics of the designed transmitting antenna 12 . More specifically, with the center of the chest surface of the subject 90 as the origin, VSWR characteristics were measured with respect to positional changes in the X, Y, and Z directions. VSWR values were measured using a network analyzer.
  • FIG. 4 shows the measurement results of the second quadrant in the XY coordinate system, that is, the area where the X coordinate is 0 and negative values (-20 mm to -100 mm) and the Y coordinate is 0 and positive values (20 mm to 100 mm).
  • FIG. 5 illustrates measurement results when the distance in the Z direction, that is, the distance between the transmitting antenna 12 and the body surface of the subject 90 is 0 mm to 50 mm.
  • the VSWR value is 2.0 in a plane of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm centered on the center of the chest surface of the subject 90 and in a space at a height of ⁇ 5 mm to 50 mm from the plane. and the variation with respect to positional changes in the X, Y, and Z directions is small.
  • the VSWR values are 2.0 or less.
  • the VSWR value for -5 mm in the Z direction is 2.0 or less.
  • the transmission efficiency is about 90%.
  • the transmission antenna 12 has a VSWR value variation within a predetermined first range (for example, 2.0) with respect to a positional change in the direction parallel to the antenna plane, and is perpendicular to the antenna plane. It is configured so that the variation of the VSWR value is within a predetermined second range (eg, 2.0) with respect to the position change in the Z direction.
  • a predetermined first range for example, 2.0
  • a predetermined second range eg, 2.0
  • the mismatch loss (return loss) is less than 0.5 when the distance between the transmitting antenna 12 and the body surface of the subject 90 is 0 mm to 50 mm, and the position change in the Z direction is less than 0.5. Variation is small.
  • the radiation characteristics as antenna characteristics when the distance between the transmitting antenna 12 and the body surface of the subject 90 is 10 mm or less, fluctuations in gain and external leakage are small. .
  • the variation in gain in the Z direction is approximately 10 dB.
  • the gain of the horizontally polarized wave in the first quadrant in the XY coordinate system decreases.
  • the receiving section 20 has a receiving antenna 21 and a receiving circuit 22 .
  • the receiving antenna 21 functions as an antenna on the back side of the subject 90 and receives transmitted microwaves that are transmitted through the heart 91 or the vicinity of the microwaves radiated from the transmitting antenna 12 .
  • the receiving circuit 22 has a demodulator (not shown), which demodulates the microwave signal received by the receiving antenna 21 by, for example, envelope detection (amplitude detection) or phase detection. Further, the receiving circuit 22 may extract a specific frequency component by frequency analysis and demodulate the microwave signal.
  • the receiving circuit 22 outputs the demodulated microwave signal to the transmitting/receiving controller 31 as a received signal.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram illustrating the receiving antenna 21 shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 7A viewed from the X direction.
  • the receiving antenna 21 includes a substrate 210 , an antenna element 211 , a feeding portion 212 and a ground plate 213 .
  • the substrate 210 is a rectangular plate-shaped member with each side B1 of several tens mm to 200 mm, and a single antenna element 211 is arranged on one surface (XY plane) of the substrate 210. .
  • the surface of the antenna element 211 is called the antenna surface of the receiving antenna 21 .
  • a patch antenna microwavestrip antenna
  • the antenna element 211 is a patch antenna with an antenna length of AL1.
  • Antenna length AL1 of the patch antenna is obtained by the following formula (2).
  • ⁇ g is the length of one wavelength obtained by shortening the length ⁇ of one wavelength of the microwave of frequency f in free space by the substrate 120 as a dielectric.
  • the overall shape of the antenna element 211 is determined in consideration of the size of the patch antenna, the feeding section 212, impedance matching (50 ⁇ ), and the like.
  • the feeding section 212 is a conductive member for transmitting a high frequency signal from the single antenna element 211 to the receiving circuit 22 and connects the antenna element 211 and the receiving circuit 22 .
  • a ground plate 213 is formed on the entire surface or part of the substrate 210 on the side opposite to the antenna surface on the substrate 210 .
  • the surface of the ground plate 213 is called a ground plane.
  • the ground plate 213 is, for example, separated from the antenna surface by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 210, and the distance between the ground plate 213 and the antenna surface (indicated by B2 in FIG. 7B) is preferably about 2 mm. be.
  • the ground surface has an area that covers the entire back of an average-sized subject 90 .
  • the ground plane has a rectangular shape, and the length of one side is shorter than the shoulder width of the subject 90 .
  • the length of one side can be in the range of 200-300 mm.
  • the length of one side may preferably be 250 mm. This has the effect of increasing the amount of transmitted microwaves and increasing the input of the receiving antenna 21 .
  • the antenna length AL1 of the receiving antenna 21 can be calculated as 130 mm from Equation (2) above.
  • Antenna characteristics include at least one of impedance characteristics and radiation characteristics.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram exemplifying part of the measurement results of the VSWR characteristics with respect to positional changes in the X and Y directions of the receiving antenna 21, and FIG. It is a figure which illustrates a part.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating radiation characteristics of the receiving antenna 21. As shown in FIG. In the figure, the standard of measurement is -40 dB.
  • the inventor measured impedance characteristics (VSWR characteristics) as antenna characteristics of the designed receiving antenna 21 . More specifically, with the center of the chest surface of the subject 90 as the origin, VSWR characteristics were measured with respect to positional changes in the X, Y, and Z directions.
  • FIG. 8 exemplifies the measurement results of regions with X coordinates of 0 mm, 40 mm, and 80 mm and Y coordinates of ⁇ 40 mm, 0 mm, and 40 mm in the XY coordinate system.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates measurement results when the distance in the Z direction, that is, the distance between the receiving antenna 21 and the body surface of the subject 90 is 0 mm to 50 mm.
  • the value of VSWR is 2.0 or less in a plane of 80 mm ⁇ 80 mm centered on the center of the back surface of the subject 90, and the variation with respect to positional changes in the X and Y directions is small. .
  • the measurement results are not shown when the X coordinate is a negative value, the VSWR value is 2.0 or less.
  • the receiving antenna 21 is configured such that the variation of the VSWR value is within a predetermined first range (for example, 2.0) with respect to the positional variation in the direction parallel to the antenna plane.
  • a predetermined first range for example, 2.0
  • the VSWR value and the mismatch loss increase as the distance between the receiving antenna 21 and the body surface of the subject 90 increases. growing.
  • an electromagnetic wave shield which will be described below, is also effective for suppressing an increase in the VSWR value (mismatch loss) and leakage to the outside.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of the electromagnetic shield.
  • the electromagnetic shield 14 includes, for example, a first electromagnetic shield 14a arranged to cover the chest of the subject 90 and the entire transmission/reception antenna, and a second electromagnetic shield arranged between the bed 95 and the reception antenna 21. 14b. That is, from the chest side to the back side of the subject 90, the first electromagnetic shield 14a, the transmitting antenna 12, the body of the subject 90, the receiving antenna 21, and the second electromagnetic shield 14b are arranged on the bed 95 in this order. It is
  • the electromagnetic wave shield 14 has a function of shielding microwaves, and prevents microwaves other than transmission microwaves (hereinafter referred to as "non-transmission microwaves") from going around the outside of the body of the subject 90 toward the receiving antenna 21. ) from progressing.
  • non-transmission microwaves microwaves other than transmission microwaves
  • a radio wave absorber (not shown) that absorbs microwaves can also be arranged.
  • the shields 14b are arranged on the bed 95 in order.
  • the radio wave absorber can be used as a casing material for the receiving antenna 21, for example.
  • the radio wave absorber in order to sufficiently absorb unnecessary electromagnetic waves with a radio wave absorber, the radio wave absorber must have a certain thickness, and it is realistic to obtain the effect of sufficiently suppressing non-penetrating microwaves with only the radio wave absorber. is not. Therefore, by using the electromagnetic wave shield 14 and the radio wave absorber together as the material of the casing, it is possible to sufficiently suppress non-transmitting microwaves while suppressing the thickness of the casing.
  • FIG. 12A is a schematic diagram for explaining the relationship between the size of the ground surface of the receiving antenna 21 shown in FIG. 7A and the size of the transmitted microwave. It is a schematic diagram illustrating. 12A and 12B, for convenience of explanation, there is a space between the receiving antenna 21 and the body of the subject 90, but in reality the patch antenna of the receiving antenna 21 and the body of the subject 90 are separated. It's in close contact.
  • the receiving antenna 21 When using the receiving antenna 21 in close contact with the body of the subject 90, it is preferable to increase the ground plane as much as possible. As shown in FIG. 12A , in the present embodiment, the area of the ground plane of the receiving antenna 21 is at least larger than the area of the ground plane of the transmitting antenna 12 .
  • Non-transmissive microwaves include, for example, microwaves that have passed through organs other than the heart 91 of the subject 90 or its vicinity, diffracted waves that have not passed through the body of the subject 90 but have been diffracted near the body surface, Reflected waves that are re-reflected by surrounding objects after being reflected by
  • the ground plate 233 of the receiving antenna 23 has a small surface area, the body of the subject 90 functions as a ground rather than the ground plate 233. Therefore, the power W2B for transmitting and receiving non-transmissive microwaves exceeds the power W1B for transmitting and receiving transmissive microwaves, and the amount of non-transmissive microwaves received by the receiving antenna 23 increases. As a result, in the comparative example, the noise component of the received signal output from the receiving unit 20 increases, the baseline level fluctuates, and the measurement accuracy of the cardiac output decreases.
  • the receiving antenna 23 receives microwaves that have passed through an organ other than the heart 91 or its vicinity, there is a possibility that a cardiac output measurement error will occur due to body movement and breathing of the subject 90. There is Further, when the receiving antenna 23 receives the diffracted waves and the reflected waves, there is a possibility that a cardiac output measurement error may occur due to the surrounding movement of the measurer or the like.
  • the ground surface of the receiving antenna 21 it is preferable to make the ground surface of the receiving antenna 21 as large as possible in order to suppress non-transmissive microwaves and reduce the influence on the received signal of the receiving section 20 .
  • the non-transmissive microwaves directly reach the protruding portion of the antenna surface. It was found that the non-transmissive microwave contained in Also in this case, the non-transmitting microwaves increase, so the measurement accuracy of cardiac output may decrease. Therefore, in order to reduce the influence on the signal received by the receiving unit 20, it is preferable to increase the ground surface of the receiving antenna 21 within a range not protruding from the subject's 90 body.
  • the present inventor measured the size of the ground plate 213 assuming that the size of the ground plate 213 is 250 mm square so as not to protrude from the body of the subject when the subject 90 is an adult with an average physique and the reception frequency is 430 MHz. It was confirmed that the effect of suppressing non-transmitting microwaves can be obtained.
  • the size of the ground plate 213 was measured as 250 mm ⁇ 320 mm, which is vertically long with the direction from the head to the feet of the subject 90 as the longitudinal direction. did. By forming the ground plate 213 vertically long in this manner, the ground surface of the receiving antenna 21 can be further enlarged without protruding from the subject's body.
  • the area of the ground plane of the receiving antenna 21 installed on the back side of the subject 90 is larger than the area of the ground plane of the transmitting antenna 12 installed on the chest side of the subject 90. Reception of transmitted microwaves can be suppressed, and transmission of transmitted microwaves and/or reception of transmitted microwaves can be increased. As a result, the cardiac output measurement sensor 100 can prevent or suppress deterioration in the measurement accuracy of the cardiac output.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram showing the entire cardiac output measurement sensor 100 of the second embodiment.
  • 14A is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmitting antenna 62 shown in FIG. 13, and
  • FIG. 14B is a schematic diagram of the transmitting antenna 62 shown in FIG. 14A viewed along the -X direction.
  • the transmitter 60 has a transmitter circuit 61 and a transmitter antenna 62 .
  • the function of the transmitting section 60 of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the transmitting section 10 of the first embodiment, but the transmitting circuit 61 supplies a high frequency signal to a transmitting antenna 62 having a single antenna element. is configured as
  • the transmitting antenna 62 functions as an antenna on the chest side of the subject 90 .
  • the transmitting antenna 62 includes a substrate 620, an antenna element 621, a feeding portion 622, and a ground plate 623.
  • FIG. The antenna element 621 and the feeding section 622 are formed on a board 620 having a rectangular plate shape as a whole, for example, with a short side C1 of 40 mm to 80 mm and a long side C2 of 100 mm to 300 mm.
  • the antenna element 621 is a narrow (strip-shaped) patch antenna along the X direction.
  • the surface of the antenna element 621 is called the antenna surface of the transmitting antenna 62 .
  • the feeding section 622 is a conductive member for supplying a high frequency signal from the transmission circuit 61 to the antenna element 621 and connects the antenna element 621 and the transmission circuit 61 .
  • the feeding portion 622 has a width narrower than that of the antenna element 621 and is integrally formed with the antenna element 621 .
  • a ground plate 623 is formed on the entire surface or part of the substrate 620 on the side opposite to the antenna surface on the substrate 620 .
  • the surface of the ground plate 623 is called a ground plane.
  • the ground plate 623 is, for example, separated from the antenna surface by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 610, and the distance between the ground plate 623 and the antenna surface (indicated by C3 in FIG. 14B) is preferably about 2 mm. be.
  • the length AL3 in the width direction can be, for example, 20 mm to 40 mm (eg, 30 mm).
  • the present inventors have found that by configuring the antenna element 621 with a narrow width along the X direction, the non-transmissive microwaves can be reduced without impairing the antenna gain (that is, the transmission power), and the microwaves can be transmitted through the heart or its vicinity. It has been found that there is an effect of increasing transmitted microwaves.
  • the transmitting antenna 62 is preferably arranged near the center of the subject's 90 chest. Since the transmitting antenna 62 has a narrow shape in the X direction, it is maintained parallel to the receiving antenna 71 regardless of the shape of the chest of the subject 90, especially the presence or absence of breasts and the shape of the breasts. It can be placed near the body surface near the heart 91 in this condition.
  • FIG. 15A is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of radiation intensity of the transmitting antenna 62 shown in FIG. 14A
  • FIG. 15B is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of radiation intensity of a transmitting antenna having a wide antenna element as a comparative example.
  • portions with high microwave intensity are shown in dark gray
  • portions with low microwave intensity are shown in light gray.
  • microwaves spread radially from the transmitting antenna 62 and pass through the heart 91 or its vicinity.
  • the transmitted microwaves that have passed through the heart or its vicinity are received by the receiving antenna 71 installed on the back of the subject 90 while maintaining sufficient intensity.
  • microwaves radiated from a transmitting antenna 63 having an antenna element wider than that of the transmitting antenna 62 are diffused to locations other than the heart or its vicinity in the body. , the intensity of microwaves reaching the heart or its vicinity is reduced, and the intensity is greatly reduced before reaching the receiving antenna 71 .
  • the receiving section 70 has a receiving antenna 71 and a receiving circuit 72 .
  • 16A is a schematic diagram illustrating the receiving antenna 71 shown in FIG. 13, and
  • FIG. 16B is a schematic diagram of the receiving antenna shown in FIG. 16A viewed along the X direction.
  • the receiving antenna 71 functions as an antenna on the back side of the subject 90 .
  • Receiving antenna 71 includes substrate 710 , antenna array 711 and ground plane 712 .
  • the antenna array 721 is formed on a substrate 710 having a rectangular plate shape as a whole, each side D1 of which is 200 mm to 250 mm.
  • the antenna array 711 is composed of a plurality of antenna elements r1 to rx (hereinafter collectively referred to as "antenna elements r"), which are arranged on the same plane (X-Y plane) in a grid pattern.
  • the antenna array 711 has, for example, a substantially square grid array structure.
  • the surface of the antenna array 711 is called the antenna plane of the receiving antenna 71 .
  • a ground plate 712 is formed on the entire surface or part of the substrate 710 on the side opposite to the antenna surface on the substrate 710 .
  • the surface of the ground plate 712 is called the ground plane of the receiving antenna 71 .
  • the ground plane of the receiving antenna 71 may have an area that entirely covers the back of an average-sized subject 90 .
  • the ground plane has a rectangular shape, and the length of one side is shorter than the shoulder width of the subject 90 . For example, the length of one side can be in the range of 200-300 mm. Since the area of the ground surface of the receiving antenna 71 is larger than the area of the ground surface of the transmitting antenna 62 installed on the chest side of the subject 90, reception of non-transmissive microwaves can be suppressed.
  • the ground plate 712 is separated from the antenna surface by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 710, and the distance between the ground plate 712 and the antenna surface (indicated by D2 in FIG. 16B) is preferably 5 mm. degree. This has the effect of increasing the amount of transmitted microwaves and improving the input of the receiving antenna 71 .
  • each of the antenna elements r is a substantially rectangular minute loop antenna element.
  • the size of the antenna element r is smaller than the size of the heart 91, and each side of the antenna element r is, for example, within 20 mm, preferably within 12 mm.
  • Such a configuration has the effect of increasing the amount of transmitted microwaves.
  • the size of the entire antenna array 711 is set to be about the same as or larger than the size of the heart 91 when viewed from the back side of the subject 90 . For example, it has a rectangular shape with one side E1 of 100 to 150 mm.
  • the total number of antenna elements r is preferably 4 or more and 150 or less.
  • the antenna array 711 is composed of a total of 49 antenna elements r1 to r49, 7 in length and 7 in width.
  • the receiving unit 70 selects an antenna element r that maximizes the intensity of microwaves that have passed through the heart 91 or its vicinity.
  • the inventors of the present invention consider the size of the heart 91 and consider the size of the heart 91 in order to select the antenna element r most suitable for measurement from among the antenna elements r arranged in a grid pattern. was found to be effective.
  • the receiving antenna side is arranged in an array instead of the transmitting antenna.
  • the transmission state (intensity distribution) of microwaves in the body during measurement can be made constant, and the accuracy is improved. It became possible to receive transmitted microwaves. Further, the inventors have found that the positioning operation of the antennas can be simplified at the same time by forming the receiving antennas into an array.
  • each of the antenna elements r is a minute loop antenna element having a substantially rectangular shape with one side a1
  • the antenna array 711 is composed of a total of 49 antenna elements r1 to r49, 7 in length and 7 in width. be.
  • a dummy antenna element may be arranged in the vicinity along the outline of the antenna array 711 . That is, the receiving antenna 71 has a plurality of dummy antenna elements d arranged so as to surround the antenna array 711 on the substrate 710 adjacent to the antenna surface. As a result, between the outermost antenna element and the inner antenna element of the antenna array 711, the surrounding environments (conditions) of the antenna elements due to the presence of adjacent antenna elements can be made equal.
  • the receiving circuit 72 demodulates the microwave signal received by the receiving antenna 71 .
  • a switching circuit (not shown) selects one of the plurality of antenna elements, and the selected antenna element receives the microwave signal. Antenna elements that are not selected are grounded.
  • the total length (effective length) of one circuit of the antenna element r is ⁇ g/10. Accordingly, one side of the antenna element r can be calculated to be approximately 10.8 mm. Also, if the interval between adjacent antenna elements r is 1.7 mm, the size of the entire antenna array 711 can be calculated to be approximately 100 mm square.
  • each side D1 of the substrate 710 is 200 mm to 250 mm is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to such a case, and the substrate 710 and the ground plate 712 extend from the head to the feet of the subject 90. It can have a vertically elongated shape with the direction of .
  • the length of the ground plate 712 in the lateral direction is shorter than the shoulder width of the subject 90 .
  • the length in the lateral direction can be in the range of 200mm to 300mm.
  • the length in the longitudinal direction can be in the range of 200 mm to 320 mm.
  • Substrate 710 and ground plane 712 may be sized, for example, 250 mm by 320 mm.
  • the antenna array 711 can also be configured with a total of 81 antenna elements r1 to r81, 9 in length and 9 in width.
  • the second embodiment when using an antenna set composed of a transmitting antenna (first antenna) having a single patch antenna element and a receiving antenna (second antenna) having a plurality of small loop antenna elements explained.
  • an antenna set composed of a transmitting antenna (first antenna) having a single minute loop antenna element and a receiving antenna (second antenna) having a plurality of minute loop antenna elements is used. A case will be described.
  • the third embodiment has the same configuration as the second embodiment except for the configuration of the transmitting antennas. In order to avoid duplication of description, detailed description of the same configuration as in the second embodiment is omitted.
  • FIG. 17A is a schematic diagram illustrating the transmitting antenna of the third embodiment
  • FIG. 17B is a schematic diagram of the transmitting antenna shown in FIG. 17A viewed along the -X direction.
  • the transmitting antenna 82 includes a substrate 820 , an antenna element 821 and a ground plate 822 .
  • the transmitting antenna 82 functions as a chest side antenna of the subject 90 .
  • Antenna element 821 is not particularly limited, but is preferably formed on substrate 820 having a short side F1 of 90 mm to 110 mm, a long side C2 of 180 mm to 200 mm, and having a rectangular plate shape as a whole.
  • Antenna element 821 is a substantially rectangular minute loop antenna element with one side of a1.
  • the size of the minute loop antenna element is smaller than the size of the heart 91, and one side a1 is, for example, within 20 mm, preferably within 12 mm.
  • the surface of the antenna element 821 is called the antenna surface of the transmitting antenna 82 .
  • the arrangement of the antenna element 821 on the substrate 820 is not particularly limited, but for example, the antenna element 821 can be arranged approximately in the center of the substrate 820 in the lateral direction of the substrate 820 .
  • the antenna element 821 is arranged at a position other than the end portion of the substrate 820 in the longitudinal direction of the substrate 820 .
  • a substantially strip-shaped ground plate 822 is formed on the entire surface or part of the substrate 820.
  • the surface of the ground plate 822 is called a ground plane.
  • the area of the ground plane of the transmitting antenna 82 is smaller than the area of the ground plane of the receiving antenna installed on the back side of the subject 90 . That is, since the area of the ground plane of the back side antenna of the subject 90 is larger than the area of the ground plane of the chest side antenna, reception of non-transmissive microwaves can be suppressed.
  • the ground plate 822 is formed, for example, away from the antenna surface by a distance corresponding to the thickness of the substrate 820, and the distance between the ground plate 822 and the antenna surface (indicated by F3 in FIG. 17B) is preferably about 2 mm. is.
  • the transmission antenna 82 having one minute loop antenna element is arranged on the chest side of the subject 90, but the transmission antenna 82 may be arranged on the back side of the subject 90.
  • the area of the ground plane of the transmitting antenna 82 is designed to be larger than the area of the ground plane of the receiving antenna on the chest side.
  • the present invention is not limited to such a case, and can also be applied, for example, when both antenna sets are loop antennas or patch antennas.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure et un ensemble d'antennes pouvan supprimer la réception d'ondes électromagnétiques autres que des ondes électromagnétiques qui ont été transmises à travers un cœur. Un capteur de mesure de sortie cardiaque (100) est doté : d'un ensemble d'antennes comportant une antenne de transmission (12) et une antenne de réception (21) ; et d'une unité de calcul (32). L'antenne de transmission (12) est installée face à un cœur (91) sur l'un d'un côté poitrine et d'un côté arrière d'un sujet (90). L'antenne de réception (21) est installée face au cœur sur l'autre du côté poitrine et du côté arrière du patient, et reçoit des ondes transmises, qui sont des ondes électromagnétiques qui ont été émises à partir de l'antenne de transmission et qui ont été transmises à travers le corps vivant du sujet. L'unité de calcul calcule un volume sanguin sur la base des ondes transmises. Chacune de l'antenne de transmission et de l'antenne de réception comprend un substrat sur lequel une surface d'antenne comprenant un élément d'antenne est installée, et une surface de sol sur le côté opposé du substrat à la surface d'antenne, une zone de surface de la surface de sol d'une antenne côté arrière installée sur le côté arrière du patient, parmi l'ensemble d'antennes, est supérieure à une zone de surface de la surface de sol d'une antenne de poitrine installée sur le côté poitrine du patient.
PCT/JP2022/004183 2021-03-30 2022-02-03 Dispositif de mesure et ensemble d'antennes WO2022209270A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006121406A (ja) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-11 Nippon Dengyo Kosaku Co Ltd アレイアンテナ
JP2014131199A (ja) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-10 Hiroshima Univ アンテナアレイ装置及び異常組織検出装置
CN105832331A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2016-08-10 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 基于宽带天线技术的非接触脑出血检测装置及其检测方法
JP2016202516A (ja) * 2015-04-21 2016-12-08 学校法人 関西大学 心容積及び心拍出量の推定装置
WO2018189970A1 (fr) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-18 東京コスモス電機株式会社 Système de détection d'informations biologiques et procédé de détection d'informations biologiques
WO2018194093A1 (fr) * 2017-04-19 2018-10-25 学校法人関西大学 Dispositif d'estimation d'informations biologiques
WO2020017602A1 (fr) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 株式会社デンソー Dispositif de détection de corps vivant
JP2020151458A (ja) * 2019-03-12 2020-09-24 キヤノンメディカルシステムズ株式会社 生体情報モニタ装置及び磁気共鳴イメージング装置
WO2021066020A1 (fr) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 テルモ株式会社 Dispositif de mesure et procédé de mesure

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006121406A (ja) * 2004-10-21 2006-05-11 Nippon Dengyo Kosaku Co Ltd アレイアンテナ
JP2014131199A (ja) * 2012-12-28 2014-07-10 Hiroshima Univ アンテナアレイ装置及び異常組織検出装置
JP2016202516A (ja) * 2015-04-21 2016-12-08 学校法人 関西大学 心容積及び心拍出量の推定装置
CN105832331A (zh) * 2016-03-18 2016-08-10 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 基于宽带天线技术的非接触脑出血检测装置及其检测方法
WO2018189970A1 (fr) * 2017-04-11 2018-10-18 東京コスモス電機株式会社 Système de détection d'informations biologiques et procédé de détection d'informations biologiques
WO2018194093A1 (fr) * 2017-04-19 2018-10-25 学校法人関西大学 Dispositif d'estimation d'informations biologiques
WO2020017602A1 (fr) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 株式会社デンソー Dispositif de détection de corps vivant
JP2020151458A (ja) * 2019-03-12 2020-09-24 キヤノンメディカルシステムズ株式会社 生体情報モニタ装置及び磁気共鳴イメージング装置
WO2021066020A1 (fr) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-08 テルモ株式会社 Dispositif de mesure et procédé de mesure

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