WO2022209036A1 - 液晶アンテナ及び液晶アンテナの製造方法 - Google Patents
液晶アンテナ及び液晶アンテナの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022209036A1 WO2022209036A1 PCT/JP2021/045690 JP2021045690W WO2022209036A1 WO 2022209036 A1 WO2022209036 A1 WO 2022209036A1 JP 2021045690 W JP2021045690 W JP 2021045690W WO 2022209036 A1 WO2022209036 A1 WO 2022209036A1
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- liquid crystal
- crystal panel
- antenna
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- layer
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- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 312
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/40—Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal antenna and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 describe a liquid crystal antenna using a liquid crystal layer.
- Liquid crystal antennas can be manufactured at a relatively low cost, just like liquid crystal displays, because the technology used for liquid crystal displays can be used. In addition, liquid crystal antennas are manufactured to be lightweight and thin.
- the liquid crystal antenna is planar, and four 90° planar antennas are required in order to make it a 360° compatible antenna such as a front hall.
- a 360° compatible antenna can be obtained.
- radio waves transmitted and received in the vicinity of the corners of the square tube become weak.
- each antenna is a multi-element antenna, the weight increases and the cost increases.
- the antennas must be installed so as not to collide with each other, a large space is required.
- the object of the present disclosure is to provide a liquid crystal antenna and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna, which can support 360° transmission and reception in the horizontal direction, and which can reduce the cost with a small size and light weight. That's what it is.
- a liquid crystal antenna includes a curved liquid crystal panel, and the liquid crystal panel includes a liquid crystal layer and a plurality of antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals whose phases are modulated by dielectric constant variable elements including the liquid crystal layer. , is a phased array type.
- a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna comprises a planar liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal layer and a plurality of antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals whose phases are modulated by dielectric constant variable elements including the liquid crystal layer.
- a method for manufacturing a phased array type liquid crystal antenna comprising the steps of forming and curving the liquid crystal panel.
- a liquid crystal antenna and a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna which can support 360° transmission and reception in the horizontal direction, and can be small and light, and can reduce the cost.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a top view illustrating a liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating a part of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating a part of the inside of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1, showing a cross section taken along line VV in FIGS. 3 and 4;
- 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a top view illustrating a liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view illustrating a part
- FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating a beam of radio waves emitted from the liquid crystal panel of the liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a side view illustrating a beam of radio waves emitted from the liquid crystal panel of the liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a top view illustrating a beam of radio waves emitted from the liquid crystal panel of the liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram exemplifying a case where the liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1 is arranged on a utility pole and a streetlight pole; 4 is a top view illustrating an example of divided columns of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a perspective view exemplifying divided columns of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1; FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view illustrating a liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged view illustrating a part of a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 2, showing a cross section taken along line XVIII-XVIII in FIG. 17;
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 2;
- Embodiment 1 A liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1 will be described. First, ⁇ configuration of liquid crystal antenna> will be described. After that, ⁇ Structure of Liquid Crystal Panel> will be described, and ⁇ Beam Emission Direction> and ⁇ Beam Formation> will be described, and then ⁇ Method of Manufacturing Liquid Crystal Antenna> will be described.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 2 is a top view illustrating the liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 1.
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 includes a liquid crystal panel 100.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 is curved.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 has a cylindrical shape.
- an XYZ orthogonal coordinate axis system is introduced.
- the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical liquid crystal panel 100 is defined as the Z-axis direction, and the two directions in the plane orthogonal to the Z-axis are defined as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
- the Z-axis direction be the vertical direction and let the XY plane be the horizontal plane.
- the +Z-axis direction is defined as upward
- the ⁇ Z-axis direction is defined as downward.
- the vertical direction, horizontal plane, upward direction, and downward direction are directions for convenience of explanation of the liquid crystal antenna 1, and do not indicate directions in which the liquid crystal antenna 1 is actually used.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may have a joint 102 along the Z-axis direction on the side surface 101 of the cylindrical shape.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may be formed by bending a horizontally long planar panel, which is the base of the liquid crystal panel 100, around a central axis extending in the Z-axis direction, and connecting the short sides with a joint 102. good.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 that can be curved and deformed can be formed by using the technology for forming a display having a flexible liquid crystal panel. In the case of liquid crystal, deformation of the molecular arrangement due to bending affects the display, so it is difficult to make it as flexible as organic EL (Electro Luminescence), but it can be bent to some extent. Even if the liquid crystal panel 100 is deformed so as to be curved, it can be used as long as it is fixed.
- the side surface 101 of the cylindrical liquid crystal panel 100 is also called an outer surface 103 .
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 is formed such that radio waves are emitted from the outer surface 103 of the liquid crystal panel 100 in the normal direction.
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 has a structure in which the liquid crystal panel 100 and members that supply signals to the liquid crystal panel 100 are combined.
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 may include a top plate 310 , a bottom plate 320 , a post 330 , a signal distributor 340 and a signal line 350 in addition to the liquid crystal panel 100 .
- the top plate 310 has a disc shape and is arranged as a lid for the upper opening of the cylindrical liquid crystal panel 100 . In FIG. 2, the top plate 310 is omitted.
- the bottom plate 320 is arranged so as to block the lower opening of the cylindrical liquid crystal panel 100 .
- the struts 330 are arranged to support the bottom plate 320 from below.
- the signal distributor 340 is arranged on the bottom plate 320, for example. Note that the signal distributor 340 may be arranged on the liquid crystal panel 100 . Signal distributor 340 and liquid crystal panel 100 are connected by signal line 350 . Signal distributor 340 supplies a signal to liquid crystal panel 100 via signal line 350 . When TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) are used for the liquid crystal panel 100, the signal distributor 340 supplies signals for driving the TFTs in addition to the signals supplied to the liquid crystal panel 100.
- TFTs Thin Film Transistors
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating part of the liquid crystal panel 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view illustrating part of the inside of the liquid crystal panel 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the liquid crystal panel 100 according to Embodiment 1, showing a cross section taken along line VV in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view illustrating part of the liquid crystal panel 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view illustrating part of the inside of the liquid crystal panel 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the liquid crystal panel 100 according to Embodiment 1, showing a cross section taken along line VV in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 includes a liquid crystal layer 110, a plurality of patch antenna elements 120, a plurality of DC blocking structures 121, slots 122, ground wiring 123, a front substrate 124, a rear substrate 125, spacers 126. , spiral wiring 127 .
- the liquid crystal layer 110 is arranged in a space sandwiched between the spacers 126 between the front substrate 124 and the rear substrate 125 .
- the liquid crystal layer 110 can change the dielectric constant.
- the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 110 can be changed by applying a bias voltage between the ground wire 123 and the spiral wire 127 .
- radio waves are emitted from the patch antenna element 120 by electromagnetic coupling via the slot 122 .
- radio waves are received by the patch antenna element 120 .
- the liquid crystal panel 100 has the spiral wiring 127 and the ground wiring 123 as dielectric constant variable elements, and the patch antenna element 120 as an antenna element.
- the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 110 is changed.
- a plurality of patch antenna elements 120 transmit and receive signals whose phases are modulated by dielectric constant variable elements including the liquid crystal layer 110 .
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 is a phased array type antenna.
- the variable dielectric element such as an element that applies a bias voltage between the spiral wire 127 and the ground wire 123, may include a TFT.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal layer 110 can be improved.
- the configurations having the DC blocking structure 121 and the spiral wiring 127 as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 are merely examples, and the phased array antenna is not limited to such configurations. A configuration that does not require DC blocking, such as .
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the liquid crystal panel 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may be curved.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 formed between the front substrate 124 and the rear substrate 125 may be curved together with the front substrate 124 and the rear substrate 125 .
- members other than the liquid crystal layer 110 in the liquid crystal panel 100 may also be curved.
- FIG. 7 is a top view illustrating a beam of radio waves emitted from the liquid crystal panel 100 of the liquid crystal antenna 1 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a side view illustrating a beam of radio waves emitted from the liquid crystal panel 100 of the liquid crystal antenna 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the emission direction of the radio wave beam BM emitted from the liquid crystal panel 100 includes the substantially normal direction of the outer surface 103 of the liquid crystal panel 100 .
- beams are emitted from the outer surface 103 of the liquid crystal panel 100 in the normal direction when viewed from above. Therefore, only a small amount of horizontal steering is required.
- the multiple beams BM emitted in the normal direction cover 360° directions in the XY plane. Thus, little, if any, change in the direction of each beam BM in the XY plane is required.
- Receiving radio waves is the same as reversing the emission direction of radio waves.
- the area to be covered can be widened even in the plane parallel to the Z-axis direction.
- downward steering may be sufficient.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may be divided into a plurality of division stages 104 in the Z-axis direction.
- a plurality of beams BM emitted from a plurality of splitting stages 104 can cover a wide area within a plane parallel to the Z-axis direction. Therefore, it is only necessary to change the steering of the beam BM only slightly. For example, if each splitting stage 104 determines the direction of the beam, even less steering is required.
- FIG. 9 is a top view illustrating the radio wave beam BM emitted from the liquid crystal panel 100 of the liquid crystal antenna 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may include a plurality of division columns 105a-105e extending in the Z-axis direction. Note that the divided columns are collectively referred to as a divided column 105, and specific divided columns are referred to as a divided column 105a with the reference numerals a to e. Also, the number of division columns 105 is not limited to five.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may have a cylindrical shape by arranging and connecting a plurality of division rows 105 a to 105 e along the circumference of the liquid crystal panel 100 .
- one beam BM may be emitted from one split array 105 .
- the emission direction of the beam BM emitted from each division row 105 can be made different from the emission direction of the adjacent division row 105 . Therefore, it is possible to improve the directivity of radio waves transmitted and received by each divisional array 105 .
- the beam BM1 may be formed by a plurality of split rows 105a to 105c
- the beam BM2 may be formed by a plurality of split rows 105b to 105d and the like.
- the antenna area can be increased and the sensitivity can be improved.
- FIG. 10 are process diagrams illustrating the method of manufacturing the liquid crystal antenna according to the first embodiment.
- a horizontally elongated flat liquid crystal panel PNL which is the base of the liquid crystal panel 100, is formed.
- the liquid crystal panel PNL has a liquid crystal layer 110 and a plurality of antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals whose phases are modulated by dielectric constant variable elements including the liquid crystal layer 110 .
- the liquid crystal panel PNL may have the spiral wiring 127 and the ground wiring 123 as dielectric constant variable elements, and the patch antenna element 120 as an antenna element.
- the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 110 is changed.
- the dielectric constant variable element may include a TFT.
- the liquid crystal panel PNL is curved around the central axis extending in the Z-axis direction.
- the liquid crystal layer 110 may be curved when the liquid crystal panel PNL is curved.
- the emission direction of the radio wave beam BM emitted from the liquid crystal panel PNL may include the substantially normal direction of the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel PNL.
- the short sides of the liquid crystal panel 100 may be connected with joints 102 to form the liquid crystal panel PNL into a cylindrical shape.
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be manufactured. In this manner, a single liquid crystal antenna 1 can be manufactured that can transmit and receive radio waves at 360 degrees in the horizontal direction.
- the liquid crystal panel PNL when the liquid crystal panel PNL is formed into a cylindrical shape, the liquid crystal panel PNL may include a plurality of division rows 105 and may be formed into a cylindrical shape by connecting the plurality of division rows 105 . Further, when the liquid crystal panel PNL is formed in a cylindrical shape, the emission direction of the beam BM emitted from each division row 105 may be different from the emission direction of the adjacent division row 105 .
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a case where the liquid crystal antenna 1 according to Embodiment 1 is arranged on a utility pole and a streetlight pole.
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 may be arranged on the posts of a utility pole 401 and a streetlight 402 .
- the liquid crystal panel 100 is arranged around the supports of the electric pole 401 and the street lamp 402 .
- the liquid crystal panel 100 has a space in the center and can be installed so as to be wrapped around a support or the like. Therefore, in addition to being installed on the roof of a building, etc., it can be installed on the poles of the utility pole 401 and the street lamp 402 .
- the liquid crystal panel 100 is lightweight, it can suppress the influence on the strength of the electric pole 401 and the street lamp 402 .
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may be arranged around a columnar structure projecting vertically from the ground, such as a utility pole or a traffic light.
- FIG. 14 is a top view exemplifying the divided columns of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view exemplifying a division row of the liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 1.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may have two semi-cylindrical split columns 105f and 105g.
- the divided rows 105f and 105g have semi-cylindrical shapes obtained by dividing a cylindrical shape by a plane including the central axis.
- a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the division rows 105f and 105g is a semicircle with a circumference of 180°.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 has a cylindrical shape by connecting a plurality of division lines 105f and 105g with a joint 102. As shown in FIG.
- the cylindrical outer surface 103 has joints 102 at two locations.
- the liquid crystal panel 100 may be formed by connecting three division columns of a 1/3 circle having a circumference of 120° in cross section, or may have a cross section of 90°. It is also possible to concatenate four quarter-circle division rows with a circumference of .
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 when the liquid crystal antenna 1 is attached to the existing poles of the utility pole 401 and the street lamp 402, it is difficult to attach by inserting from the tip thereof. Therefore, it is desirable to install by dividing rows 105 as shown in FIGS. Moreover, in the case of the division row 105, it is easy to cover the surface including the inner surface, and it is easy to provide a waterproof structure. In addition, it is possible to eliminate the need to bend the liquid crystal panel PNL on site.
- the liquid crystal antenna 1 of this embodiment has a curved liquid crystal panel 100 . Therefore, the transmission/reception directions of radio waves can be made 360° compatible in the horizontal direction. For example, since the substantially normal direction of the curved liquid crystal panel 100 is set as the emission direction of the beam BM, 360° in the horizontal direction can be handled. Therefore, each beam BM can be designed to have a small change in steering direction. Also, reducing the amount of change in the steering direction contributes to speeding up the operation.
- liquid crystal panel 100 since it uses liquid crystal display formation technology, it is small, thin, and lightweight, so the cost can be reduced. Taking advantage of its small size, thinness, and light weight, it can be easily installed on the poles of utility poles 401 and street lamps 402 .
- the liquid crystal panel 100 has been described as having a cylindrical shape, it is not necessarily limited to a cylindrical shape. For example, it may be curved to fit a curved vehicle body when mounted on a vehicle. Since it can be made into a flexible shape, it can be formed into any curved surface as needed.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view illustrating a liquid crystal antenna according to Embodiment 2.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged view illustrating part of the liquid crystal panel 200 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of the liquid crystal panel 200 according to Embodiment 2, showing a cross section taken along line XVIII-XVIII in FIG.
- the liquid crystal antenna 2 has a liquid crystal panel 200.
- FIG. The liquid crystal panel 200 of Embodiment 2 has a liquid crystal layer 210 , a metasurface layer 230 and a plurality of traveling wave tubes 240 .
- the metasurface layer 230 is arranged on the outer surface 201 side of the liquid crystal layer 210 and laminated concentrically with the liquid crystal layer 210 .
- a plurality of traveling wave tubes 240 are arranged inside the liquid crystal layer 210 . Each traveling wave tube 240 extends in the Z-axis direction and is arranged along the circumference of the liquid crystal panel 200 .
- the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer 210 is controlled by, for example, a TFT (not shown) or the like.
- the metasurface layer 230 has a plurality of openings 220 penetrating from the outer surface 201 to the liquid crystal layer 210 .
- the liquid crystal panel 200 has a metasurface layer 230 as a dielectric constant variable element, and an opening 220 formed in the metasurface layer 230 as an antenna element. Then, the liquid crystal panel 200 changes the resonance conditions of the liquid crystal layer 210 and the metasurface layer 230 and causes the radio wave from the traveling wave tube 240 to leak from the opening 220 as a signal. In this manner, the liquid crystal panel 200 transmits and receives a signal whose phase is modulated by the dielectric constant variable element including the liquid crystal layer 210 .
- the liquid crystal panel 200 may have multiple division columns including portions of the liquid crystal layer 210 and the metasurface layer 230 on each traveling wave tube 240 .
- the emission direction of the beam emitted from each split row may be different from the emission direction of the adjacent split row.
- the plurality of split columns may sequentially shift the split columns communicating with the mobile terminal so as to follow the movement of the mobile terminal.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the liquid crystal panel 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the liquid crystal layer 210 may be curved.
- the liquid crystal layer 210 formed between the metasurface layer 230 and the traveling wave tube 240 may bend along with the metasurface layer 230 and the traveling wave tube 240 .
- members other than the liquid crystal layer 210, the metasurface layer 230, and the traveling wave tube 240 in the liquid crystal panel 200 may be curved.
- the liquid crystal panel 200 having the metasurface layer 230 can be curved, and the transmission/reception direction of radio waves can be made compatible with 360° in the horizontal direction. Configurations and effects other than this are included in the description of the first embodiment.
- the liquid crystal panel is a liquid crystal layer; a plurality of antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals whose phases are modulated by the dielectric constant variable element including the liquid crystal layer; having Phased array liquid crystal antenna.
- the liquid crystal layer is curved; The liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 1.
- the liquid crystal panel has a cylindrical shape, The liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 1 or 2.
- the liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of division rows, and has the cylindrical shape by connecting the plurality of division rows, The liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 3.
- the liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 5) the emission direction of the beam emitted from each split row is different from the emission direction of the adjacent split row;
- the liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 4. the emission direction of the radio wave beam emitted from the liquid crystal panel includes a substantially normal direction to the outer surface of the liquid crystal panel;
- the liquid crystal antenna according to any one of Appendices 1 to 5. (Appendix 7)
- the liquid crystal panel is a spiral wiring and a ground wiring as the dielectric constant variable element, Having a patch antenna element as the antenna element, changing the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer by applying a bias voltage between the spiral wiring and the ground wiring;
- the liquid crystal panel is further comprising a plurality of traveling wave tubes; having a metasurface layer as the dielectric constant variable element,
- the antenna element has an opening formed in the metasurface layer, changing resonance conditions of the liquid crystal layer and the metasurface layer to cause radio waves from the traveling wave tube to leak from the opening as the signal;
- the liquid crystal antenna according to any one of Appendices 1 to 6.
- the dielectric constant variable element includes a thin film transistor,
- the liquid crystal panel is arranged around at least one of a utility pole, a utility pole, a street light, and a signal light, The liquid crystal antenna according to any one of Appendices 1 to 9.
- (Appendix 11) forming a planar liquid crystal panel having a liquid crystal layer and a plurality of antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals whose phases are modulated by a dielectric constant variable element including the liquid crystal layer; curving the liquid crystal panel; A method for manufacturing a phased array type liquid crystal antenna.
- (Appendix 12) In the step of curving the liquid crystal panel, curving the liquid crystal layer; A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 11.
- (Appendix 13) forming the liquid crystal panel into a cylindrical shape; further comprising 13. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 11 or 12.
- the liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of division rows, and the plurality of division rows are connected to form the cylindrical shape.
- a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 13. (Appendix 15) In the step of forming the liquid crystal panel into a cylindrical shape, making the emission direction of the beam emitted from each split row different from the emission direction of the adjacent split rows; 15. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 14.
- the liquid crystal panel is further comprising a plurality of traveling wave tubes; having a metasurface layer as the dielectric constant variable element,
- the antenna element has an opening formed in the metasurface layer, changing resonance conditions of the liquid crystal layer and the metasurface layer to cause radio waves from the traveling wave tube to leak from the opening as the signal; 17.
- the dielectric constant variable element includes a thin film transistor; A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna according to any one of Appendices 11 to 18.
- Appendix 20 In the step of forming the liquid crystal panel into a cylindrical shape, forming said cylindrical shape by connecting a plurality of said split rows around at least one of a utility pole, a utility pole, a street light and a signal light; 15. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal antenna according to appendix 14.
- liquid crystal antenna 100 liquid crystal panel 101 side 102 joint 103 outer surface 104 division stages 105, 105a, 105b, 105c, 105d, 105e division rows 105f, 105g division rows 110 liquid crystal layer 120 patch antenna element 121 DC blocking structure 122 slot 123 ground wiring 124 Front substrate 125 Rear substrate 126 Spacer 127 Spiral wiring 200 Liquid crystal panel 201 Outer surface 210 Liquid crystal layer 220 Opening 230 Metasurface layer 240 Traveling wave tube 310 Top plate 320 Bottom plate 330 Post 340 Signal distributor 350 Signal line 401 Utility pole 402 Street lamp BM, BM1, BM2 Beam PNL LCD panel
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Abstract
Description
実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナを説明する。まず、<液晶アンテナの構成>を説明する。その後、<液晶パネルの構成>を説明し、さらに、<ビームの放出方向>及び<ビームの形成>を説明した後で、<液晶アンテナの製造方法>を説明する。
図1は、実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナを例示した断面図である。図2は、実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナを例示した上面図である。図1及び図2に示すように、液晶アンテナ1は、液晶パネル100を備えている。液晶パネル100は、湾曲している。例えば、液晶パネル100は、円筒形状を有している。
図3は、実施形態1に係る液晶パネル100の一部を例示した拡大図である。図4は、実施形態1に係る液晶パネル100の内部の一部を例示した拡大図である。図5は、実施形態1に係る液晶パネル100の一部を例示した断面図であり、図3及び図4におけるV―V線の断面を示す。
図7は、実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナ1の液晶パネル100から放出される電波のビームを例示した上面図である。図8は、実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナ1の液晶パネル100から放出される電波のビームを例示した側面図である。図7及び図8に示すように、液晶パネル100から放出される電波のビームBMの放出方向は、液晶パネル100の外面103の略法線方向を含む。図7に示すように、上方から見て、液晶パネル100の外面103から法線方向へビームが放出されている。よって、水平方向へのステアリングはわずかで済む。すなわち、法線方向に放出される複数のビームBMは、XY平面内における360°の方向をカバーしている。よって、XY平面内で各ビームBMの方向を変化させることは、あったとしてもわずかでよい。なお、電波の受信は、電波の放出方向を逆にすることと同様である。
図9は、実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナ1の液晶パネル100から放出される電波のビームBMを例示した上面図である。図9に示すように、液晶パネル100は、Z軸方向に延びた複数の分割列105a~105eを含んでもよい。なお、分割列を総称して、分割列105と呼び、特定の分割列を、分割列105aのようにa~eの符号を付して呼ぶ。また、分割列105の個数は、5つに限らない。
次に、液晶アンテナ1の製造方法を説明する。図10~図12は、実施形態1に係る液晶アンテナの製造方法を例示した工程図である。図10に示すように、まず、液晶パネル100の元となる横長の平面状の液晶パネルPNLを形成する。液晶パネルPNLは、液晶層110と、液晶層110を含む誘電率可変素子によって位相を変調された信号を送受信する複数のアンテナ素子と、を有する。液晶パネルPNLを形成する際に、液晶パネルPNLは、誘電率可変素子として、渦巻き配線127及び接地配線123を有するようにし、アンテナ素子として、パッチアンテナ素子120を有するようにしてもよい。そして、渦巻き配線127と、接地配線123との間にバイアス電圧を印加することにより、液晶層110の誘電率を変化させるようにする。また、誘電率可変素子は、TFTを含むようにしてもよい。
次に、実施形態2に係る液晶アンテナを説明する。図16は、実施形態2に係る液晶アンテナを例示した斜視図である。図17は、実施形態2に係る液晶パネル200の一部を例示した拡大図である。図18は、実施形態2に係る液晶パネル200の一部を例示した断面図であり、図17におけるXVIII―XVIII線の断面を示す。
湾曲した液晶パネルを備え、
前記液晶パネルは、
液晶層と、
前記液晶層を含む誘電率可変素子によって位相を変調された信号を送受信する複数のアンテナ素子と、
を有する、
フェーズドアレイ型の液晶アンテナ。
(付記2)
前記液晶層は、湾曲している、
付記1に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記3)
前記液晶パネルは、円筒形状を有する、
付記1または2に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記4)
前記液晶パネルは、複数の分割列を含み、複数の前記分割列をつなげることにより、前記円筒形状を有する、
付記3に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記5)
各分割列から放出されるビームの放出方向は、隣接する前記分割列の前記放出方向と異なる、
付記4に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記6)
前記液晶パネルから放出される電波のビームの放出方向は、前記液晶パネルの外面の略法線方向を含む、
付記1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記7)
前記液晶パネルは、
前記誘電率可変素子として、渦巻き配線及び接地配線を有し、
前記アンテナ素子として、パッチアンテナ素子を有し、
前記渦巻き配線と、接地配線との間にバイアス電圧を印加することにより、前記液晶層の誘電率を変化させる、
付記1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記8)
前記液晶パネルは、
複数の進行波管をさらに有し、
前記誘電率可変素子として、メタサーフェース層を有し、
前記アンテナ素子として、前記メタサーフェース層に形成された開口部を有し、
記液晶層及び前記メタサーフェース層の共振条件を変化させ、前記進行波管からの電波を前記信号として前記開口部から漏れさせる、
付記1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記9)
前記誘電率可変素子は、薄膜トランジスタを含む、
付記1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記10)
前記液晶パネルは、電柱、電信柱、街灯及び信号灯の少なくともいずれかの周りに配置された、
付記1~9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。
(付記11)
液晶層と、前記液晶層を含む誘電率可変素子によって位相を変調された信号を送受信する複数のアンテナ素子と、を有する平面状の液晶パネルを形成するステップと、
前記液晶パネルを湾曲させるステップと、
を備えたフェーズドアレイ型の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記12)
前記液晶パネルを湾曲させるステップにおいて、
前記液晶層を湾曲させる、
付記11に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記13)
前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップと、
をさらに備えた、
付記11または12に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記14)
前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルは、複数の分割列を含むようにし、複数の前記分割列をつなげることにより、前記円筒形状にする、
付記13に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記15)
前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップにおいて、
各分割列から放出されるビームの放出方向を、隣接する前記分割列の前記放出方向と異なるようにする、
付記14に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記16)
前記液晶パネルを湾曲させるステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルから放出される電波のビームの放出方向を、前記液晶パネルの外面の略法線方向を含むようにする、
付記11~15のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記17)
前記液晶パネルを形成するステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルは、
前記誘電率可変素子として、渦巻き配線及び接地配線を有するようにし、
前記アンテナ素子として、パッチアンテナ素子を有するようにし、
前記渦巻き配線と、接地配線との間にバイアス電圧を印加することにより、前記液晶層の誘電率を変化させるようにする、
付記11~16のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記18)
前記液晶パネルを形成するステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルは、
複数の進行波管をさらに有するようにし、
前記誘電率可変素子として、メタサーフェース層を有するようにし、
前記アンテナ素子として、前記メタサーフェース層に形成された開口部を有するようにし、
記液晶層及前記メタサーフェース層の共振条件を変化させ、前記進行波管からの電波を前記信号として前記開口部から漏れさせる、
付記11~16のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記19)
前記液晶パネルを形成するステップにおいて、
前記誘電率可変素子は、薄膜トランジスタを含むようにする、
付記11~18のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
(付記20)
前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップにおいて、
電柱、電信柱、街灯及び信号灯の少なくともいずれかの周りにおいて、複数の前記分割列をつなげることにより、前記円筒形状にする、
付記14に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
100 液晶パネル
101 側面
102 つなぎ目
103 外面
104 分割段
105、105a、105b、105c、105d、105e 分割列
105f、105g 分割列
110 液晶層
120 パッチアンテナ素子
121 DCブロッキング構造
122 スロット
123 接地配線
124 前面基板
125 後面基板
126 スペーサ
127 渦巻き配線
200 液晶パネル
201 外面
210 液晶層
220 開口部
230 メタサーフェース層
240 進行波管
310 天板
320 底板
330 支柱
340 信号分配器
350 信号線
401 電柱
402 街灯
BM、BM1、BM2 ビーム
PNL 液晶パネル
Claims (20)
- 湾曲した液晶パネルを備え、
前記液晶パネルは、
液晶層と、
前記液晶層を含む誘電率可変素子によって位相を変調された信号を送受信する複数のアンテナ素子と、
を有する、
フェーズドアレイ型の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶層は、湾曲している、
請求項1に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶パネルは、円筒形状を有する、
請求項1または2に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶パネルは、
複数の分割列を含み、
複数の前記分割列をつなげることにより、前記円筒形状を有する、
請求項3に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 各分割列から放出されるビームの放出方向は、隣接する前記分割列の前記放出方向と異なる、
請求項4に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶パネルから放出される電波のビームの放出方向は、前記液晶パネルの外面の略法線方向を含む、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶パネルは、
前記誘電率可変素子として、渦巻き配線及び接地配線を有し、
前記アンテナ素子として、パッチアンテナ素子を有し、
前記渦巻き配線と、接地配線との間にバイアス電圧を印加することにより、前記液晶層の誘電率を変化させる、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶パネルは、
複数の進行波管をさらに有し、
前記誘電率可変素子として、メタサーフェース層を有し、
前記アンテナ素子として、前記メタサーフェース層に形成された開口部を有し、
記液晶層及び前記メタサーフェース層の共振条件を変化させ、前記進行波管からの電波を前記信号として前記開口部から漏れさせる、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記誘電率可変素子は、薄膜トランジスタを含む、
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 前記液晶パネルは、電柱、電信柱、街灯及び信号灯の少なくともいずれかの周りに配置された、
請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナ。 - 液晶層と、前記液晶層を含む誘電率可変素子によって位相を変調された信号を送受信する複数のアンテナ素子と、を有する平面状の液晶パネルを形成するステップと、
前記液晶パネルを湾曲させるステップと、
を備えたフェーズドアレイ型の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを湾曲させるステップにおいて、
前記液晶層を湾曲させる、
請求項11に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップと、
をさらに備えた、
請求項11または12に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルは、複数の分割列を含むようにし、複数の前記分割列をつなげることにより、前記円筒形状にする、
請求項13に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップにおいて、
各分割列から放出されるビームの放出方向を、隣接する前記分割列の前記放出方向と異なるようにする、
請求項14に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを湾曲させるステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルから放出される電波のビームの放出方向を、前記液晶パネルの外面の略法線方向を含むようにする、
請求項11~15のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを形成するステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルは、
前記誘電率可変素子として、渦巻き配線及び接地配線を有するようにし、
前記アンテナ素子として、パッチアンテナ素子を有するようにし、
前記渦巻き配線と、接地配線との間にバイアス電圧を印加することにより、前記液晶層の誘電率を変化させるようにする、
請求項11~16のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを形成するステップにおいて、
前記液晶パネルは、
複数の進行波管をさらに有するようにし、
前記誘電率可変素子として、メタサーフェース層を有するようにし、
前記アンテナ素子として、前記メタサーフェース層に形成された開口部を有するようにし、
記液晶層及前記メタサーフェース層の共振条件を変化させ、前記進行波管からの電波を前記信号として前記開口部から漏れさせる、
請求項11~16のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを形成するステップにおいて、
前記誘電率可変素子は、薄膜トランジスタを含むようにする、
請求項11~18のいずれか1項に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。 - 前記液晶パネルを円筒形状にするステップにおいて、
電柱、電信柱、街灯及び信号灯の少なくともいずれかの周りにおいて、複数の前記分割列をつなげることにより、前記円筒形状にする、
請求項14に記載の液晶アンテナの製造方法。
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JPH04245803A (ja) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-09-02 | Hughes Aircraft Co | 強化されたマイクロ波複屈折性を有する液晶ベース複合材料 |
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JPS6416002A (en) * | 1987-04-14 | 1989-01-19 | Thomson Csf | Optical controller of electron scanning antenna |
JPH04245803A (ja) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-09-02 | Hughes Aircraft Co | 強化されたマイクロ波複屈折性を有する液晶ベース複合材料 |
JP2020504811A (ja) * | 2016-12-08 | 2020-02-13 | ユニバーシティ オブ ワシントンUniversity of Washington | ミリ波および/またはマイクロ波撮像システム、および、区分化インバース、拡張分解能モードおよび撮像デバイスの例を含む方法、 |
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