WO2022208794A1 - 断熱構造体および構造体 - Google Patents
断熱構造体および構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022208794A1 WO2022208794A1 PCT/JP2021/013988 JP2021013988W WO2022208794A1 WO 2022208794 A1 WO2022208794 A1 WO 2022208794A1 JP 2021013988 W JP2021013988 W JP 2021013988W WO 2022208794 A1 WO2022208794 A1 WO 2022208794A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat insulating
- insulating film
- support member
- heat
- film
- Prior art date
Links
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/12—Arrangements for supporting insulation from the wall or body insulated, e.g. by means of spacers between pipe and heat-insulating material; Arrangements specially adapted for supporting insulated bodies
- F16L59/13—Resilient supports
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/52—Protection, safety or emergency devices; Survival aids
- B64G1/58—Thermal protection, e.g. heat shields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
- B64G1/402—Propellant tanks; Feeding propellants
- B64G1/4021—Tank construction; Details thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat insulating structure and a structure provided with this heat insulating structure.
- Propellant tanks that store cryogenic fluids such as main rockets are required to be lightweight, so foam insulation is used as the insulation surrounding the propellant tank.
- foam insulation has a low heat insulation performance, and there is a problem that it is not possible to suppress the evaporation rate of cryogenic propellants such as liquid hydrogen.
- the above-ground cryogenic storage tank that suppresses the evaporation rate has a structure in which multiple layers of MLI (Multilayer Insulation) are provided in a vacuum double container.
- MLI Multilayer Insulation
- Patent Document 1 discloses an MLI in which heat conduction is reduced by installing spacers instead of non-woven fabric or mesh.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technology related to a lightweight heat insulating material for cryogenic storage tanks intended for use in outer space.
- the MLI is kept in a vacuum state even in the atmosphere by covering the heat insulating material with a vacuum pack.
- external pressure such as atmospheric pressure disappears, and the spring mechanism installed inside the MLI expands to reduce heat conduction, further improving heat insulation performance.
- Patent Document 3 is a mechanism that partially damages parts under atmospheric pressure, and focuses on thermal insulation performance when moving from a pressurized environment to a vacuum environment. .
- the object of the present invention is to provide a heat insulating structure that has high heat insulating performance and is lightweight, as well as a structure that includes this heat insulating structure.
- MLI is used as a heat insulator for cryogenic propellant tanks in transport aircraft
- the load environment changes due to its own weight due to acceleration such as engine thrust, or due to expansion or contraction of the tank due to pressurization or changes in surface temperature.
- the inventors of the present invention have focused on the fact that at this time, the distance between the heat-insulating films held by non-woven fabric, mesh, or spacers becomes narrower, causing contact between the heat-insulating films and increasing the transfer of heat due to heat conduction. .
- the inventors found that a lightweight insulation structure with high heat insulation performance can be realized by supporting the heat insulation film with an elastically deformable support member while applying tension to the heat insulation film that constitutes the MLI. .
- the present invention was made based on such findings, and the gist thereof is as follows.
- a heat insulating structure includes: a heat insulating film; a plurality of supporting members that support the heat insulating film; An insulating structure comprising: The heat insulating film is supported by the support member while tension is applied in the in-plane direction of the heat insulating film, The support member has a first part and a second part that are spaced apart from each other, and a third part that connects the first part and the second part. The length in the extending direction of the third part is longer than the distance of The first part and the second part are arranged along a direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film, The support member is elastically deformable in a direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film.
- At least a portion of the heat insulating film may be bent or a cut portion may be provided in the heat insulating film so that the heat insulating film can be stretched between the support members.
- a sub-film laminated on the heat-insulating film may be further provided, and the sub-film may press the heat-insulating film in a direction intersecting the surface of the heat-insulating film.
- the heat insulating film may have a hole, the first portion of the support member may be provided with a protrusion, and the heat insulating film may be supported in a state in which the protrusion is inserted into the hole.
- the heat insulation film may be laminated via the support member.
- the support member may be made of a resin material.
- the second portion of the support member may be provided with a projection facing the first portion.
- a structure according to an aspect of the present invention includes the heat insulating structure according to any one of (1) to (7) above, and a base.
- thermoelectric structure that has high heat insulating performance and is lightweight, as well as a structure that includes this heat insulating structure.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat insulating structure viewed in a direction parallel to the surface of a heat insulating film that constitutes the heat insulating structure;
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the heat insulating film according to one embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic plan view of the heat insulating film viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the heat insulating film.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the shape of the heat insulating film according to one embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic plan view of the heat insulating film viewed from a direction orthogonal to the surface of the heat insulating film.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an example of the shape of the heat insulating film according to one embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic plan view of the heat insulating film viewed from a direction orthogonal to the surface of the heat insulating film.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a support member according to one embodiment of the present invention, viewed in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the support member (Y-axis direction); FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a support member according to one embodiment of the present invention, viewed in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the support member (X-axis direction);
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a support member according to one embodiment of the present invention, viewed in a direction parallel to the axis of the support member (Z-axis direction);
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a state in which a plurality of heat insulating films are stacked, and is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat insulating structure as seen in a direction parallel to the surfaces of the heat insulating films that constitute the heat insulating structure.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example in which a heat insulating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to a propellant tank;
- FIG. FIG. 10(A) is a diagram for explaining a modification of the heat insulating film provided with a bent portion, and is a plan view of a portion of the heat insulating film seen from a direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film.
- FIG. 10(B) is a cross-sectional view of the heat insulating film of FIG. 10(A) viewed in the in-plane direction of the heat insulating film.
- FIG. 11(A) is a diagram for explaining a modification of the heat insulating film provided with cuts, and is a plan view of a part of the heat insulating film seen from a direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film.
- FIG. 10(B) is a plan view of a state in which a tensile force is applied to the heat insulating film of FIG. 10(A).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a state in which a sub-film is further provided on the heat insulating structure, and is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat insulating structure as seen in a direction parallel to the surface of the heat insulating film that constitutes the heat insulating structure. .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining an overview of a testing device according to an example; It is a photograph of a test device according to an example. 7 is a graph for explaining measurement results according to an example;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heat insulating structure 100 according to this embodiment, viewed in a direction parallel to the surface of the heat insulating film 200 that constitutes the heat insulating structure 100 according to this embodiment.
- the heat insulating structure 100 according to this embodiment includes a heat insulating film 200 and a plurality of support members 300 (300a to 300f) that support the heat insulating film 200, as shown in FIG.
- the heat insulation structure 100 is provided on the surface 11 of the substrate 10 via support members 300 (300d to 300f).
- the heat insulating film 200 is supported by the support member 300 while being tensioned in the in-plane direction of the heat insulating film 200 .
- the heat insulating film 200 is a low emissivity film capable of suppressing heat transfer by radiation.
- the heat-insulating film 200 is not particularly limited, but is formed by vapor-depositing a metal such as aluminum, gold, germanium, or conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) on a resin film such as polyimide or polyester.
- the insulating film 200 is not limited to this and can be constructed from any other suitable material that can withstand the tension applied to the insulating film 200 .
- the thickness of the heat insulating film 200 is preferably 6 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 12 ⁇ m or more, from the viewpoint of preventing damage to the heat insulating film 200 such as elongation or breakage due to application of tension.
- the thickness of the heat insulating film 200 is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of realizing a lightweight structure and suppressing the self weight of the heat insulating film 200 .
- the thickness of the heat insulating film 200 is obtained by measuring the thickness at arbitrary four points with a dial gauge and taking the average value (arithmetic average value).
- the heat insulating film 200 is laminated via a support member 300 which will be described later.
- two heat insulating film layers 20a and 20b are formed by two heat insulating films 200, but the heat insulating film layer constituting the heat insulating structure 100 is only one layer.
- the heat insulating film layer may be laminated in three layers, four layers, five layers, or six layers or more.
- a plurality of insulating films 200 may constitute one insulating film layer.
- there are two heat insulating film layers there are two or more heat insulating films 200 laminated via the support member 300 .
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the heat insulating film 200 viewed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the heat insulating film 200.
- the heat insulating film 200 has holes 210 .
- a convex portion 314 of the support member 300 which will be described later, is inserted through the hole portion 210 .
- the size of the hole 210 may be any size as long as the convex portion 314 of the support member 300 can be inserted therethrough, and any size as long as light rays do not leak from the hole 210 .
- the shape of the hole 210 is not particularly limited, and a circular or elliptical shape that does not apply local force to the heat insulating film 200 is preferable.
- the heat insulating film 200 may have a triangular shape as shown in FIG. 3, for example. Also, a heat insulating film 200 having a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 4 may be employed. In the heat insulating film 200 shown in FIG. 3 or 4, the holes 210 (210a to 210g) are provided near the top of each heat insulating film 200. can be in any position. For example, a plurality of holes 210 may be provided along the edge of the heat insulating film 200 shown in FIG. 3 or 4, or the hole 210 may be provided in the central portion of the heat insulating film 200. Note that the heat insulating film 200 is also called a radiation film.
- the support member 300 has a first portion 310, a second portion 320 and a third portion 330, as shown in FIG.
- the first part 310 and the second part 320 are separated from each other, and the third part 330 connects the first part 310 and the second part 320 .
- the first part 310 and the second part 320 are arranged along the direction intersecting the surface of the insulating film 200 .
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the support member 300 viewed in a direction perpendicular to the axis c of the support member (Y-axis direction).
- the axis c of the support member 300 means a line passing through the center of the support member 300 and orthogonal to the upper surface 311 of the first portion 310 when the support member 300 is viewed from the first portion 310 side.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the support member 300 as seen in a direction perpendicular to the axis c of the support member (X-axis direction).
- FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the support member 300 as seen in a direction (Z-axis direction) parallel to the axis c of the support member.
- the X, Y and Z axes in FIGS. 5-7 are orthogonal to each other.
- the Z-axis is parallel to the axis of support member 300 .
- the first part 310 has an upper surface 311 , a lower surface 312 provided on the opposite side of the upper surface 311 , and a side portion 313 connecting the upper surface 311 and the lower surface 312 .
- the upper surface 311 is a surface that comes into contact with the heat insulating film 200 when the heat insulating structure 100 is constructed.
- the lower surface 312 faces an upper surface 321 of the second portion 320, which will be described later.
- a convex portion 314 is provided on the upper surface 311 of the first portion 310 .
- the protrusions 314 are inserted through the holes 210 of the heat insulating film 200 .
- the convex portion 314 may be engaged with a concave portion (not shown) provided in the second portion 320, which will be described later.
- the second portion 320 has an upper surface 321 , a lower surface 322 provided on the opposite side of the upper surface 321 , and a side portion 323 connecting the upper surface 321 and the lower surface 322 .
- the lower surface 322 is a surface that comes into contact with the heat insulating film 200 when the heat insulating structure 100 is constructed.
- the upper surface 321 faces the lower surface 312 of the first portion 310 .
- the second portion 320 may be provided with a concave portion (not shown) that engages with the convex portion 314 provided on the upper surface 311 of the first portion 310 .
- the support members 300 can be connected in the direction along the axis c of the support members 300 .
- the protrusion 314 may be provided with a protrusion 314 a that protrudes in the radial direction of the protrusion 314 .
- the concave portion provided in the second portion 320 may be provided with a concave portion corresponding to the projection portion 314a so that the projection portion 314a and the concave portion are engaged with each other.
- the third part 330 connects the first part 310 and the second part 320 .
- one end of the third section 330 is connected to the side 313 of the first section 310 and the other end of the third section 330 is connected to the side 323 of the second section 320. be done.
- the length in the extending direction of the third portion 330 is longer than the distance between the first portion 310 and the second portion 320.
- the distance between the first part 310 and the second part 320 is the distance between the lower surface 312 of the first part 310 and the upper surface 321 of the second part 320 in the direction parallel to the axis c as shown in FIG. is the distance D between
- the distance D and the length in the extending direction of the third portion 330 are the lengths in a state where no force is applied to the support member 300 (also referred to as an initial state).
- the extending direction of the third part 330 means the direction in which the third part 330 continues from one end side to the other end side of the third part 330 .
- the length in the extending direction of the third portion 330 is defined as the length connecting the centers of cross sections perpendicular to the extending direction at each point in the extending direction.
- the third part 330 is not particularly limited in the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the extending direction at each point in the extending direction, and may be circular, elliptical, or rectangular.
- the third portion 330 preferably has a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction at each point in the extending direction smaller than the outer diameter of the support member 300 .
- the third portion 330 connecting the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 is elongated in the extending direction, so the heat resistance of the support member 300 as a whole increases.
- the third part 330 is paired and has a spiral shape. With such a shape, the stability of the support member 300 is ensured, and the support member 300 can be elastically deformed smoothly in the direction parallel to the axis c. Moreover, it is preferable that the third portion 330 does not protrude in the radial direction of the support member 300 when the support member 300 is viewed from a direction parallel to the axis c.
- the outer diameter of the third portion 330 constitutes the outer diameter of the entire support member 300 when the support member 300 is viewed from a direction parallel to the axis c.
- the third portion 330 is not limited to this shape, and may have a linear shape or a shape combining a plurality of linear shapes or curved shapes. Also, the ends of the third part 330 may be connected to the bottom surface 312 of the first part 310 and the top surface 321 of the second part 320 .
- the support member 300 is elastically deformable in a direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film 200. As a result, the heat insulating film 200 can be supported by the support member 300 while tension is applied in the in-plane direction of the heat insulating film 200 . More specifically, since the support member 300 is elastically deformable in a direction parallel to its axis c, when the heat insulating structure 100 is constructed, the support member 300 is deformed in a direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film 200. It becomes elastically deformable.
- the support member 300 has a structure in which the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 are connected by the third portion 330 as described above.
- part or all of the portion 330 reduces the distance between the first portion 310 and the second portion 320, and the support member 300 as a whole shrinks in the direction parallel to the axis c. Further, when a tensile force is applied in a direction parallel to the axis c, part or all of the third portion 330 is deformed, so that the distance between the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 increases, and the entire support member 300 , extending in a direction parallel to the axis c. Further, when the compressive force or tensile force is no longer applied, the restoring force of the third portion 330 returns the gap between the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 to the initial state.
- the height of the support member 300 in the direction parallel to the axis c is preferably 1 mm or more because it is necessary and sufficient to prevent the heat insulating films 200 from coming into contact with each other. Moreover, the length is preferably 5 mm or less for the reason that the support member 300 can easily maintain a shape parallel to the axis c. In addition, the outer diameter of the support member 300 in a plane orthogonal to the axis c is 3 mm to 20 mm in order to secure a contact surface sufficient for the heat insulation film 200 and the support member 300 to transmit compressive force or tensile force. is preferred.
- the height of the support member 300 means the distance h between the upper surface 311 of the first part 310 and the lower surface 322 of the second part 320 in the direction parallel to the axis c, as shown in FIG.
- the support member 300 is preferably made of a resin material such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), or the like.
- the support member 300 is manufactured by injection molding raw materials of these resin materials.
- the configuration of the support member 300 is not limited to this, and may be composed of any other suitable material.
- Polyetheretherketone is the most preferable material for the support member 300 from the viewpoint of high heat resistance, low-temperature embrittlement resistance, low outgassing in a vacuum, and ultraviolet resistance, which are required as a heat insulating material for space transport. .
- the support member 300 may be connected in the direction in which the heat insulation film 200 is laminated, as shown in FIG.
- One or a plurality of heat insulating films 200 are sandwiched between two supporting members 300 that are connected.
- one heat insulating film layer is composed of a plurality of heat insulating films 200, as shown in FIG. good.
- the support member 300 is attached to the base 10 so that the normal to the surface 11 of the base 10 at the position where the support member 300 is attached and the support member 300 It is preferable to attach so that the axis line c of the . Therefore, when the surface 11 of the base 10 is curved or spherical, the axis c of the support member 300 is inclined with respect to the axis c of the adjacent support member 300 .
- the second portion 320 may be provided with a protrusion 325 facing the first portion 310. More specifically, the upper surface 321 of the second portion 320 is provided with a protrusion 325 facing the lower surface 312 of the first portion 310 .
- a strong compressive force acts on the heat insulation structure 100 by being pressed by atmospheric pressure, and the support member 300 as a whole is in a crushed state.
- the projecting portion 325 By providing the projecting portion 325, the contact area between the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 when crushed is minimized, and the thermal resistance of the support member 300 itself can be increased. It is possible to obtain a higher heat insulation performance than other.
- the first part 310 and the second part 320 are separated from each other due to the elastic deformability of the support member 300. direction, the distance between the insulation film layers is relatively widened, resulting in higher insulation performance.
- the shape of the substrate 10 is not particularly limited, but for example, a portion thereof may be curved or spherical.
- the substrate 10 is, for example, a propellant tank for storing a cryogenic fluid such as a main rocket, a structure such as an artificial satellite, or an inner wall of a vacuum chamber on the ground. Since the heat insulating structure 100 according to this embodiment has high heat insulating performance and is lightweight, the heat insulating structure 100 according to this embodiment can be preferably applied to these substrates.
- FIG. 9 shows an application example of the heat insulating structure 100 according to this embodiment.
- a heat insulating structure 100 is provided around a propellant tank (substrate) 10a to constitute the structure 1.
- a plurality of heat insulating films constitute a heat insulating film layer (outermost heat insulating film layer).
- the heat insulating structure 100 according to the present embodiment is provided on a substrate having a shape as shown in FIG. A body 100 can be formed.
- a plurality of heat insulating films 200 having a triangular shape as shown in FIG. 3 are used.
- the support member 300 is compressed or stretched in a direction parallel to the axis c.
- the interval between the holes 210 of the heat insulating film 200 as described above is designed appropriately.
- the heat insulating structure 100 according to the present embodiment is provided at a portion where the surface 11 of the base 10 protrudes toward the outside of the base 10, the distance between the adjacent holes 210 is designed to be small, so that the support member 300 is in a state of being shrunk from the initial state.
- a stress ⁇ c component acts on the heat insulating film 200 in the in-plane direction, and the adjacent support member Tension is applied to the insulating film 200 between 300 .
- the heat insulating structure 100 when the heat insulating structure 100 according to the present embodiment is provided in a portion where the surface 11 of the base body 10 is recessed toward the inside of the base body 10, by designing the distance between the adjacent holes 210 to be small, the support member 300 is extended from the initial state.
- h is the height of the support member 300 in the initial state
- he is the height of the support member 300 in the extended state
- h ⁇ he tension is applied to the heat insulating film 200 in the in-plane direction by the restoring force that causes the support member 300 to return to its initial state.
- the elastic modulus in the direction parallel to the axis c of the support member 300 is k
- the first portion 310 and the second portion 320 are parallel to the axis c of the support member 300 and in a state in which the support member 300 is stretched.
- the design is made on the condition that the heat insulating structure 100 and the base 10 are under atmospheric pressure and room temperature (25°C).
- the arrangement of the support member 300 and the length of compression or extension are appropriately designed so that the intervals between the heat insulating films 200 do not contact each other, and the temperature at the time of use of each heat insulating film layer and the temperature between room temperature
- the arrangement of the heat insulating film 200 and the holes 210 of the heat insulating film 200 are determined in consideration of the difference, deformation due to degassing in a vacuum state, dimensional change when exposed to high temperature, and the like.
- the heat insulating structure 100 can be preferably used for the substrate 10 partially or entirely curved or spherical. Note that the heat insulating structure 100 may be installed in a sealed space that is evacuated.
- the heat insulating film 200 is supported by the support member 300 while being tensioned in the in-plane direction of the heat insulating film 200, thereby suppressing the bending of the heat insulating film 200. be. Therefore, contact between the laminated heat insulating films 200 can be suppressed, and the heat insulating performance can be improved.
- the length in the extending direction of the third portion 330 is longer than the distance between the first portion 310 and the second portion 320, the heat transfer route in the support member 300 becomes longer. The amount of heat conduction can be reduced, and the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating structure 100 can be improved.
- the heat insulating structure 100 since the contact between the laminated heat insulating films 200 can be suppressed only by the support member 300, members such as nonwoven fabrics and meshes are unnecessary, and the heat insulating structure The mass of 100 can be made smaller.
- the support member 300 is elastically deformable in the direction intersecting the surface of the heat insulating film 200, it is possible to apply appropriate tension to the heat insulating film 200 even when the heat insulating film 200 having a small thickness is used. , and the mass of the heat insulating structure 100 can be reduced.
- the heat insulating structure 100 When the heat insulating structure 100 according to the above embodiment is applied to the propellant tank of a main rocket, its outer surface becomes hot due to the influence of sunlight and the like, and its inner surface becomes relatively cold due to the fluid in the propellant tank.
- the fluid temperature in the propellant tank varies depending on the remaining amount of propellant and the pressure in the tank.
- the temperature of the propellant tank itself or the heat insulating structure 100 changes, and thermal strain occurs according to the temperature difference.
- the pressure in the propellant tank is changed, the tank expands.
- the heat insulating structure 100 In the heat insulating structure 100 according to the above-described embodiment, at least a portion of the heat insulating film 200 is bent or cuts are provided in the heat insulating film 200 so that the heat insulating film 200 can be stretched between the supporting members 300.
- At least a portion of the heat insulating film 200 is bent means that a portion of the heat insulating film 200 is bent in the in-plane direction as shown in FIG. 10(A) or FIG. 10(B). do.
- the area where the heat insulating film 200 is bent in this way is called a bent portion 230 .
- the bent portion 230 or cut portion 250 is provided between adjacent support members 300 .
- the number of bent portions 230 or notched portions 250 is not particularly limited, it is more preferable that they are provided on a line segment connecting support members 300 and 300 . It is not necessary to provide the bent portion 230 or the cut portion 250 over the entire range of the heat insulating structure 100, and the arrangement of the bent portion 230 or the cut portion 250 is preferably set as appropriate.
- a sub-film 400 laminated on the heat insulating film 200 is further provided. It is preferable that the sub-film 400 is sandwiched between the two supporting members 300 (300i and 300j) that are connected together with the heat insulating film 200 while being superimposed on the heat insulating film 200 .
- the sub-film 400 may be made of the same material as the heat insulating film 200 and may have the same thickness as the heat insulating film 200 .
- the sub-film 400 may be made of a material thicker than the heat-insulating film 200, and the thickness of the sub-film 400 is such that the sub-film 400 will not be damaged even when a bending force or a pulling force is applied to the sub-film 400. It is preferably 6 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m for the reason that the thickness is small.
- the shape of the sub-film 400 is not particularly limited, and may be circular, elliptical, or band-like, for example.
- the sub-film 400 presses the heat-insulating film 200 in the direction intersecting the surface of the heat-insulating film 200, so that the gap between the laminated heat-insulating films 200 can be properly maintained.
- the ends of the sub-film 400 may be folded back. As a result, the edges of the sub-film are reinforced, and even when a thin sub-film 400 equivalent to the heat insulating film 200 is employed, sufficient strength to press the heat insulating film 200 can be obtained.
- the heat insulating film 200 may be folded back. Thereby, the heat insulating film 200 itself can be provided with a function of pressing the heat insulating film 200 like the sub-film 400 .
- a net spacer or an embossed film may be further provided between the heat insulating films 200. Since the embossed film is superior in rigidity to a normal flat film, it is possible to increase the distance between the support members 300, which is effective both in reducing the effect of contact between the heat insulating films 200 and in preventing contact. To keep costs down, the use of the embossed film may be partial.
- a conductor layer may be provided on the surface of the support member 300 in the heat insulating structure according to the above embodiment.
- Such a conductor layer may be formed by nickel plating or aluminum vapor deposition.
- the potential difference between the laminated heat insulating films 200 (between the heat insulating films) can be reduced, and the bonding requirements required for spacecraft can be satisfied.
- the emissivity of the surface of the support member 300 can be reduced, and the radiant heat transfer from the surface of the support member 300 can be suppressed, thereby further improving the heat insulation performance.
- only some of the support members 300 may be provided with the above-described conductive layer.
- the heat insulating structure described in the above embodiment is attached to the surface of a tank installed in a vacuum vessel, liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) is stored in the tank, and the mass flow rate of steam generated from the inside of the tank is We evaluated the heat entering from the heat insulating structure by measuring
- a guard tank is provided to remove heat by evaporation so as to prevent the influence of heat entering via a structure other than a heat insulating structure such as piping.
- An outline of the test equipment is shown in FIG.
- This test apparatus is provided with a mechanism for controlling the temperature of the side surface of the heat insulating structure 1013, and the heat insulating performance was obtained at three different outer layer temperatures of 276K, 300K, and 353K using the difference in the outer layer temperature as a parameter.
- each structure of the apparatus of FIG. 13 was as follows.
- Cyl.240 is the height of the guard tank. is 240 mm and "300” means that the boil-off tank height is 300 mm.
- Fig. 14 shows how the heat insulating structure according to the present invention is attached to a test tank. Most of the surface of the propellant tank of a spacecraft is a combination of an elliptical sphere and a cylinder. From FIG. 14 it will be understood that the present invention is also applicable to spherical surfaces.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of performance when the structure of the heat insulating structure according to the present invention is adopted and 12 layers of radiation films of aluminum-deposited polyester are stacked as heat insulating films.
- the results in FIG. 15 show the unit passing heat quantity when the low temperature side of the inner layer of the heat insulating material is at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K).
- the triangular plot ( ⁇ ) indicates the unit passing heat amount when the heat insulating structure according to the present invention is applied to the ellipsoidal surface.
- the triangular plots are in the same range as the results when installed on the cylindrical part (round plots ( ⁇ ) and error bars), and the thermal insulation structure according to the present invention is propelled regardless of the shape of the ellipse or cylinder. It can be seen that it can be applied as a heat insulating material for medicine tanks.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 15 is the passing heat flux (W/m 2 ), and the horizontal axis is the high temperature side boundary temperature (K).
- Example 1 the performance of the heat insulating structure (Example 1) according to the present invention at an outer layer temperature of 300 K was compared with the heat insulating structure of Comparative Example 1, which is a multilayer heat insulating material having 20 layers of radiation films, and the foam heat insulating material having a thickness of 25 mm.
- Table 1 shows the results of comparison with the thermal insulation pair structure of Comparative Example 2, which is composed of timber.
- the heat insulating structure used in Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 in that the members supporting the radiation films are not elastically deformed.
- the heat insulating structure was constructed by stacking a plurality of foamed heat insulating materials.
- Example 1 is smaller than the heat flux of Comparative Example 1 or Comparative Example 2, so that the heat insulating material performance as a heat insulating structure is high and the amount of evaporation can be suppressed.
- Table 1 shows the calculation results of the evaporation rate and amount of liquid nitrogen when each heat insulating structure is applied to a spherical tank with a diameter of 2 m, and the total mass of the heat insulating structure.
- Table 1 shows the calculation results of the evaporation rate and amount of liquid nitrogen when each heat insulating structure is applied to a spherical tank with a diameter of 2 m, and the total mass of the heat insulating structure.
- the heat insulating structure of Example 1 has a high heat insulating performance, the heat insulating performance can be secured without increasing the surface density. Therefore, when the heat insulating structure of Example 1 is applied to a spherical tank, the amount of evaporation of the substance (liquid nitrogen in this example) stored in the tank can be suppressed, and the mass of the heat insulating structure can be reduced.
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Abstract
Description
断熱フィルムと、
上記断熱フィルムを支持する複数の支持部材と、
を備える断熱構造体であって、
上記断熱フィルムは、上記断熱フィルムの面内方向に張力が付与された状態で上記支持部材によって支持され、
上記支持部材は、互いに離間する第一部と第二部と、上記第一部と上記第二部とを接続する第三部とを有し、上記第一部と上記第二部との間の距離よりも上記第三部の延在方向における長さが長く、
上記第一部と上記第二部は上記断熱フィルムの面と交差する方向に沿って配され、
上記支持部材は上記断熱フィルムの面と交差する方向へ弾性変形可能である
ことを特徴とする。
上記支持部材間において上記断熱フィルムが伸展可能なように、上記断熱フィルムの少なくとも一部が折り曲げられているかまたは上記断熱フィルムに切り込み部が設けられていてもよい。
上記断熱フィルムに積層されるサブフィルムがさらに設けられ、上記サブフィルムが上記断熱フィルムを上記断熱フィルムの面と交差する方向へ押圧してもよい。
上記断熱フィルムに孔部を有しかつ、上記支持部材の上記第一部に凸部が設けられ、上記孔部に上記凸部が挿入された状態で上記断熱フィルムが支持されていてもよい。
上記断熱フィルムが上記支持部材を介して積層されていてもよい。
上記支持部材が樹脂材料からなってもよい。
上記支持部材の上記第二部に、上記第一部と対向する突起部が設けられていてもよい。
断熱フィルム200は、断熱フィルム200の面内方向に張力が付与された状態で支持部材300によって支持されている。
次に支持部材300について説明する。支持部材300は、図1に示すように、第一部310、第二部320、および第三部330を有する。第一部310と第二部320とは互いに離間し、第一部310と第二部320とを第三部330が接続する。図1に示すように、第一部310と第二部320は断熱フィルム200の面と交差する方向に沿って配される。
基体10の形状は、特に限定されないが、例えば、その一部が曲面又は球面であってもよい。基体10は、例えば、基幹ロケットなどの極低温流体を貯蔵する推進薬タンク、人工衛星などの構造体、地上の真空槽の内壁である。本実施形態に係る断熱構造体100は高い断熱性能を有しかつ軽量であるため、本実施形態に係る断熱構造体100を、これらの基体に好ましく適用することができる。
Data Logger:データロガー(計測記録器)
MFM:Mass Flow Meter(質量流量計)
IG:Ion Gauge(電離真空計)
PiG:Pirani Gauge:ピラニ真空計
Thermostat Circulator:恒温槽循環装置
Vacuum Chamber:真空容器
Water Tank:水容器(シュラウド)
Guard Tank:ガードタンク
Boil-off Tank:ボイルオフタンク
Vacuum Pump:真空排気装置
RP:ロータリーポンプ
TMP:ターボ分子ポンプ
PC:コンピュータ
T.C×24:Thermo Couple(熱電対、24点で測定)
なお、図13中で、「Cyl.=300」はボイルオフタンクおよびガードタンク形状がシリンダ(円筒形)であり、その直径が300mmであることを意味し、「Cyl.240」はガードタンク高さが240mmであることを意味し、「300」はボイルオフタンク高さが300mmであることを意味する。
10 基体
10a 推進薬タンク
11 基体の表面
100、1013 断熱構造体
200、200a、200b、200c、200d、200e、200f、200g 断熱フィルム
210 孔部
230 折り曲げ部
250 切り込み部
300、300a、300b、300c、300d、300e、300f、300g、300h、300i、300j 支持部材
310 第一部
320 第二部
330 第三部
400 サブフィルム
1001 計測記録器
1002 質量流量計
1003 電離真空計
1004 ピラニ真空計
1005 恒温槽循環装置
1006 真空容器
1007 水容器
1008 ガードタンク
1009 ボイルオフタンク
1010 真空排気装置
1011 ロータリーポンプ
1012 ターボ分子ポンプ
1014 コンピュータ
1015 熱電対
Claims (8)
- 断熱フィルムと、
前記断熱フィルムを支持する複数の支持部材と、
を備える断熱構造体であって、
前記断熱フィルムは、前記断熱フィルムの面内方向に張力が付与された状態で前記支持部材によって支持され、
前記支持部材は、互いに離間する第一部と第二部と、前記第一部と前記第二部とを接続する第三部とを有し、前記第一部と前記第二部との間の距離よりも前記第三部の延在方向における長さが長く、
前記第一部と前記第二部は前記断熱フィルムの面と交差する方向に沿って配され、
前記支持部材は前記断熱フィルムの面と交差する方向へ弾性変形可能である
ことを特徴とする断熱構造体。 - 前記支持部材間において前記断熱フィルムが伸展可能なように、前記断熱フィルムの少なくとも一部が折り曲げられているかまたは前記断熱フィルムに切り込み部が設けられている
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の断熱構造体。 - 前記断熱フィルムに積層されるサブフィルムがさらに設けられ、前記サブフィルムが前記断熱フィルムを前記断熱フィルムの面と交差する方向へ押圧する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の断熱構造体。 - 前記断熱フィルムに孔部を有しかつ、前記支持部材の前記第一部に凸部が設けられ、前記孔部に前記凸部が挿入された状態で前記断熱フィルムが支持されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の断熱構造体。 - 前記断熱フィルムが前記支持部材を介して積層されている
ことを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の断熱構造体。 - 前記支持部材が樹脂材料からなる
ことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の断熱構造体。 - 前記支持部材の前記第二部に、前記第一部と対向する突起部が設けられている
ことを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の断熱構造体。 - 請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の断熱構造体と、基体とを備える
ことを特徴とする構造体。
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PCT/JP2021/013988 WO2022208794A1 (ja) | 2021-03-31 | 2021-03-31 | 断熱構造体および構造体 |
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US20120175467A1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-07-12 | Quest Product Development Corporation | Micrometeoroid and orbital debris (mmod) and integrated multi-layer insulation (imli) structure |
US8234835B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2012-08-07 | Quest Product Development Corporation | Integrated multilayer insulation |
US20170073090A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-16 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Cryogenic hydrogen radiation shield for human spaceflight |
JP2019094016A (ja) | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-20 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | 多層断熱材及びそれを用いた断熱方法 |
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- 2021-03-31 EP EP21934959.4A patent/EP4317758A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (4)
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US8234835B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2012-08-07 | Quest Product Development Corporation | Integrated multilayer insulation |
US20120175467A1 (en) * | 2009-06-29 | 2012-07-12 | Quest Product Development Corporation | Micrometeoroid and orbital debris (mmod) and integrated multi-layer insulation (imli) structure |
US20170073090A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 | 2017-03-16 | U.S.A. As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Cryogenic hydrogen radiation shield for human spaceflight |
JP2019094016A (ja) | 2017-11-27 | 2019-06-20 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | 多層断熱材及びそれを用いた断熱方法 |
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