WO2022208530A1 - Élément d'accumulateur électrique - Google Patents

Élément d'accumulateur électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022208530A1
WO2022208530A1 PCT/IN2022/050260 IN2022050260W WO2022208530A1 WO 2022208530 A1 WO2022208530 A1 WO 2022208530A1 IN 2022050260 W IN2022050260 W IN 2022050260W WO 2022208530 A1 WO2022208530 A1 WO 2022208530A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
storage cell
cathode
anode
separator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IN2022/050260
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kuchibhotla SARVANI
Nizar Ahmed M
Nileshwar Pramila Rao
Original Assignee
Tvs Motor Company Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tvs Motor Company Limited filed Critical Tvs Motor Company Limited
Publication of WO2022208530A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022208530A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
    • H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/105—Pouches or flexible bags
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors

Definitions

  • the present subject matter relates to an energy storage cell. More particularly, to an energy storage cell for a powered device or product.
  • lithium-ion battery has emerged as a preferred solution which provides an ideal system for high energy-density applications, improved rate capability, and safety.
  • the rechargeable energy storage devices - lithium-ion batteries exhibit one or more beneficial characteristics which makes it useable on powered devices.
  • the lithium-ion battery is constructed of all solid components while still being flexible and compact.
  • the energy storage device including the lithium-ion battery exhibits similar conductivity characteristics to primary batteries with liquid electrolytes, i.e., deliver high power and energy density with low rates of self-discharge.
  • the energy storage device as the lithium-ion battery is readily manufacturable in a manner that it is both reliable and cost-efficient.
  • the energy storage device including the lithium-ion battery is able to maintain a necessary minimum level of conductivity at sub-ambient temperatures.
  • one or more energy storage cells including lithium-ion battery cells are disposed in at least one holder structure in series and parallel combinations using at least one interconnecting structure.
  • the interconnecting structure is adapted for electrically interconnecting the energy storage cells with a battery management system (hereinafter “BMS”).
  • BMS battery management system
  • An output voltage and an output current generated by the energy storage device is transmitted to one or more electronic and electrical components configured to be powered by the energy storage device via end connections after being monitored and regulated by the BMS.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view and an exploded view of an energy storage cell (101, 201), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view and an exploded view of an energy storage cell (101, 201), as per alternative embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • Figure 3a illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between total charge capacity and total discharge capacity for the conventional energy storage cell.
  • Figure 3b illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between total charge capacity and total discharge capacity for the coin type energy storage cell (101) as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • Figure 3c illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between total charge capacity and total discharge capacity for the pouch type energy storage cell (201), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • Fuel cell is an electrochemical device that generates electricity on reaction between a fuel, i.e., hydrogen and oxygen. Pure oxygen or air containing a large amount of oxygen reacts with pure hydrogen or a fuel containing a large amount of hydrogen in the fuel cell. Hydrogen may be generated by reforming a hydrocarbon fuel, such as methanol. The fuel is channeled through a flow field plate to an anode on one side of a proton exchange membrane in the fuel cell and oxygen is channeled through another flow field plate to the cathode on another side of the proton exchange membrane.
  • HTPEM FC High temperature Proton exchange member fuel cell
  • LTPEM FC Low temperature proton exchange member fuel cell
  • HTPEM FC High temperature Proton exchange member fuel cell
  • LTPEM FC Low temperature proton exchange member fuel cell
  • the HTPEM FC works at high temperatures
  • LTPEMFC works at normal temperature.
  • the heaters are essential for HTPEM FC and humidifiers for LTPEM.
  • a fuel cell system controller controls the preheating, operation and shutdown of HTPEM FC stack. HTPEM FC has to be heated to its operating temperature before starting.
  • This preheating is done by the heaters attached to the stack and the stack temperature is controlled by a closed loop PI controller.
  • the reactants are supplied, hydrogen at anode and air at cathode side.
  • Flow of hydrogen is regulated at the inlet by solenoid valve and at the outlet by proportional valve.
  • the proportional valve is operated in such a way that it maximizes the hydrogen utilization and power by optimal purging.
  • air intake is controlled by a variable speed blower.
  • the blower speed is controlled with an adaptive feed forward PI controller for maintaining proper stoichiometric ratio of air to hydrogen and operating temperature.
  • the useful life of the battery is limited by the battery aging process.
  • the battery loses its energy storage capacity with use and time.
  • the battery aging depends on an individual battery’s application and usage pattern. Temperature is one of the most important operating factors. More specifically, lithium- ion batteries are widely used in laptop and other electronic gadgets. The lithium-ion battery age significantly when exposed to elevated temperature when operating and while charging. Further, it is observed rarely electronic gadgets like laptop are disconnected from the charger. Therefore, it is a common phenomenon the lithium-ion battery loses much of its capacity. Additionally, the marketable feature of fast charge increases the temperature of the batteries significantly as the current batteries require a relatively long time to recharge. However, fast charging increases battery degradation and performance deterioration due to increased temperature in the batteries
  • the BMS will allow the flow of liquid from battery to the container by opening a valve V2.
  • the temperature can be controlled inside battery so as to get more life.
  • said system requires plurality of control valves, pump and complex algorithm.
  • the system it is observed said system is not effective and still the temperature tends to rise. Further, this increased temperature leads to capacity loss in the lithium -based batteries.
  • the three main reasons for the loss of capacity in the lithium-based batteries are due to loss of recyclable Li+ (lithium ion), loss of active material, and structural change of the active material.
  • the loss of active material occurs due to its dissolution into electrocyclic either as a result of parasitic reactions, exposure of cell to high temperature operation or wear and tear of the electrode surface as a result of repeated cycling.
  • Prolonged cycling also results in the structural deformation of the active materials which effects the battery capacity either by trapping some of the recycle Li+ inside its interstitials which can no longer be extracted or structural changes which can no longer intercalate Li+ into them.
  • the capacity loss occurring as a result of all the above-mentioned causes cannot be compensated for during the battery operation.
  • the present invention discloses an energy storage cell comprising an anode, a cathode, two or more separator, and an intermittent electrode sheet.
  • the separator being disposed of between said intermittent electrode sheet and at least one of said anode and said cathode.
  • said intermittent electrode sheet being coated by predetermined material on both upper and bottom side surface to reduce the capacity loss.
  • the intermittent electrode increases the availability of lithium ions during cell operation. More specifically, the intermittent electrode serves as an additional Li+ (lithium ion) source which reduces the capacity loss. This improves the charge- discharge efficiency and coulombic efficiency i.e., achieve higher total discharge capacity as compared to charge capacity.
  • Li+ lithium ion
  • said two or more separator include an anode separator and a cathode separator, wherein said cathode separator being sandwiched between said cathode and said intermittent electrode sheet.
  • said anode separator being sandwiched between said anode and said intermittent electrode sheet.
  • said anode comprises an anode active material coated onto at least one side of an anode current collector fdm, said anode active material composition includes silica-graphite (Si02- C).
  • said anode current collector fdm being made up of copper.
  • said cathode comprises a cathode active material, wherein said cathode active material coated on a cathode current collector fdm, wherein said cathode active material is made up of at least one of said Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide, Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide, Lithium Manganese Oxide, Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Cobalt Oxide.
  • said cathode current collector fdm is made up of aluminum.
  • said intermittent electrode sheet is configured with predetermined thickness from 100 microns to 1000 microns.
  • the energy storage cell includes a coin type energy storage cell.
  • said energy storage cell includes a pouch type energy storage cell.
  • a battery pack comprises a battery module, said battery module includes one or more energy storage cell as described above.
  • joinder references e.g., attached, affixed, coupled, connected, etc.
  • joinder references are only used to aid the reader's understanding of the present disclosure, and may not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of the systems and/or methods disclosed herein. Therefore, joinder references, if any, are to be construed broadly. Moreover, such joinder references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected to each other.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view and an exploded view of a coin type energy storage cell (101), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • the coin type energy storage cell (101) includes an anode (104), a cathode (107), two or more separator (105A, 105B), a spacer (108), a spring (103), and an intermittent electrode sheet (106).
  • the anode (104) comprises an anode active material coated onto the anode current collector film (not shown).
  • the anode active material composition includes graphite and silica. (Si02-C).
  • the anode current collector film (not shown) is made up of copper.
  • the cathode (107) includes a cathode active material coated on to the cathode collector film (not shown).
  • the cathode active material includes at one of said lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide, Lithium Manganese Oxide, Lithium Iron Phosphate, Lithium Cobalt Oxide are used as cathode materials of lithium-ion cell.
  • said cathode (107) is coated with Lithium nickel cobalt magnesium oxide. More specifically, cathode (107) is coated with Li (Nio.sCoo.iMno.i) O2 which improves the energy density of the said coin type electrochemical cells (101) which provides greater storage capacity.
  • the cathode current collector film (not shown) is made up of Aluminum.
  • the two or more separator (105) includes said anode side separator (105A) and said cathode side separator (105B).
  • the separator (105) is a physical barrier to prevent contact between anode (104) and cathode (107) and thus avoids short circuiting the coin type energy storage cell (101).
  • the cathode separator (105B) is sandwiched between said cathode (107) and said intermittent electrode sheet (106).
  • the anode separator (105A) being sandwiched between said anode (104) and said intermittent electrode sheet (106).
  • the spacer (108) being sandwiched between the second end casing (102B) and the cathode (107).
  • the spring (103) being sandwiched between the anode (104) and said first end casing (102A).
  • the first end casing (105A) and the second end casing (105B) are cast on metal foils that provide electronic connection to the external circuit, and being circumferentially attached to each other.
  • the intermittent electrode sheet (106) being coated on both upper side surface (not shown) and bottom side surface (not shown) to reduce the capacity loss.
  • the upper side surface (not shown) and bottom side surface (not shown) being coated with a predetermined material.
  • the predetermined material includes lithium titanate.
  • the intermittent electrode sheet (106) has predetermined thickness from 100 microns to 1 milli meter.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view and an exploded view of a pouch type energy storage cell (201), as per alternative embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • the pouch type energy storage cell (201) includes an anode (205), a cathode (202), two or more separator (203), and an intermittent electrode sheet (204).
  • the two or more separator (203) includes said anode side separator (203 A) and said anode side separator (203B).
  • the anode separator (203 A) being sandwiched between said anode (205) and said intermittent electrode (204).
  • the pouch type energy storage cell (201) being configured to have at least one terminal which arises out of said anode (205) and said cathode (202).
  • Figure 3a illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between total charge capacity and total discharge capacity for the conventional energy storage cell.
  • Figure 3b illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between total charge capacity and total discharge capacity for the coin type energy storage cell (101) as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • Figure 3c illustrates a graphical representation depicting the difference between total charge capacity and total discharge capacity for the pouch type energy storage cell (201), as per embodiment, in accordance with one example of the present subject matter.
  • the vertical axis signifies the electric capacity in milliamp hours (mAh) and the horizontal axis signifies the number of cycles.
  • Each cycle includes a charge and a discharge.
  • During charging and discharging the ions shuffles between the cathode and the anode. More specifically, during charging the ions flow from the cathode to the anode. However, during discharge the ions flow from the anode to the cathode through the separator. In other words, the anode undergoes oxidation i.e., loss of electrons, and cathode undergo reduction i.e., gain of electrons.
  • the curve C represent total discharge capacity and curve D represents total charge capacity in a conventional energy storage cell.
  • the curve A represents total discharge capacity and curve B represents total charge capacity in coin type cell. Further, the curve A’ represents total discharge capacity and curve B’ represents total charge capacity in pouch type cell.
  • the intermittent electrode sheet supplies Li+ ions during cell operation which balances the lost Li+ content which improves the cell performance as well as its longevity.
  • Li+ ion moves from intermittent electrode sheet positioned closer to the cathode and the anode which enables fast charging.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un élément d'accumulateur électrique (101, 201) comprenant une anode (104, 205), une cathode (107, 202), au moins deux séparateurs (105, 203), et une feuille d'électrode intermittente (106, 204). Le séparateur (105, 203) est disposé entre ladite feuille d'électrode intermittente (106, 204) et au moins un élément parmi ladite anode (104, 205) et ladite cathode (107, 202). La feuille d'électrode intermittente (106, 204) est revêtue d'un matériau prédéfini sur les surfaces latérales supérieure et inférieure pour réduire la perte de capacité. Selon la configuration susmentionnée, la feuille d'électrode intermittente (106, 204) augmente la disponibilité des ions lithium au cours du fonctionnement de l'élément. Plus particulièrement, l'électrode intermittente (106, 204) sert de source de Li+ (ion lithium) supplémentaire, laquelle réduit la perte de capacité. Ceci améliore l'efficacité faradique.
PCT/IN2022/050260 2021-03-31 2022-03-17 Élément d'accumulateur électrique WO2022208530A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN202141015396 2021-03-31
IN202141015396 2021-03-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022208530A1 true WO2022208530A1 (fr) 2022-10-06

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (2)

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TW (1) TW202240969A (fr)
WO (1) WO2022208530A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2228862B1 (fr) * 2009-02-27 2013-05-01 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de stockage électrique enroulé avec une source d'ions
EP2882012A1 (fr) * 2012-08-01 2015-06-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Batterie secondaire à solution d'électrolyte non aqueux
DE102016103542A1 (de) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Lithium-Ionen-Sekundärbatterie und diese verwendendes System

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2228862B1 (fr) * 2009-02-27 2013-05-01 Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif de stockage électrique enroulé avec une source d'ions
EP2882012A1 (fr) * 2012-08-01 2015-06-10 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Batterie secondaire à solution d'électrolyte non aqueux
DE102016103542A1 (de) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Lithium-Ionen-Sekundärbatterie und diese verwendendes System

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